Unit 3 English Around the World 语言学习（话题阅读精练）英语仁爱科普版九年级上册

Unit 3 English Around the World 语言学习 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 338 讲述了汉语是世界上最古老、最复杂的语言之一，其文字经历了数个世纪的演变。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 260 介绍了美国沉浸式外语教学法的普及现状 实战演练 阅读理解 A 说明文 248 讲述的是汉语在世界上变得越来越重要，随着中国的不断强大，世界上越来越多的人开始了解并学习汉语。 B 说明文 271 文章介绍了全球众多语言濒危的现状、原因，以及美、新、中各国为保护语言所采取的措施。 完形填空 记叙文 407 要讲述了Sally想要赢得拼写比赛，打算为之努力奋斗的故事。 语法填空 说明文 232 讲述随着中国的发展，学习汉语的需求增加，许多人开始使用在线应用程序学习汉语，并介绍了几个学习汉语的应用程序以及一些学习者的经历。 时文阅读 Passage 1 The Chinese language is one of the oldest and most complex languages in the world. It has a long history and its characters have gone through many changes over the centuries. The earliest form of Chinese characters was pictographs(象形文字). These characters were simple pictures that meant an object or action. For example, the character for “tree” was a picture of a tree and the character for “sun” was a picture of the sun. Over time, these pictographs became more abstract(抽象的) and changed into ideographs(表意文字). Ideographs were characters that meant an idea or a concept. The third stage of Chinese character was the introduction of phonetic components(表音偏旁). It allowed people to know a word without having to draw a picture of it. Phonetic components are small pieces of a character that meant the sound of the word. For example, the character for “horse” is made up of the phonetic components for “ma” and “horse”. Finally, Chinese characters developed into the modern forms we see today. These characters are made up of a combination(结合体) of pictographs, ideographs and phonetic components. This has made Chinese characters much easier to learn and remember, as they are now made up of smaller parts that are easier to remember and recognize. The change of Chinese characters has had a main influence on Chinese culture and society. For centuries, Chinese character were the only way to communicate and write. This allowed Chinese culture and language to spread through the world. It also allowed people to share their ideas and thoughts with each other, which led to the development of rich and diverse cultures. Today, Chinese characters are still used in China and many other countries. They are important parts of Chinese culture, and they continue to change. Chinese characters reflect creativity of the Chinese people, and they will continue to be an important part of Chinese culture for many years to comic. 汉语是世界上最古老、最复杂的语言之一。它有着悠久的历史，其文字在数世纪间经历了诸多演变。 汉字最早的形式是象形文字。这些文字是简单的图画，代表某个物体或动作。例如，"木"字就是一棵树的图画，"日"字就是太阳的图画。随着时间的推移，这些象形文字变得更加抽象，并演变为表意文字。表意文字是表达思想或概念的字符。 汉字发展的第三阶段是表音偏旁的引入。这使得人们无需画出事物的图画就能认识一个字。表音偏旁是字符中表示发音的小部件。例如，"马"字就是由表示"ma"这个音的偏旁和表示"马"这个义的部件组成的。 最终，汉字发展成为我们今天所见的现代形式。这些字符是由象形、表意和表音部件组合而成的。这使得汉字更易于学习和记忆，因为它们现在由更小、更容易记忆和识别的部件构成。 汉字的演变对中国文化和社会产生了主要影响。几个世纪以来，汉字曾是唯一的交流和书写方式。这使得中国文化和语言得以传播到世界各地。它也使得人们能够彼此分享想法和思想，从而促成了丰富多元文化的发展。如今，汉字仍在中国和许多其他国家使用。它们是中华文化的重要组成部分，并且仍在不断演变。汉字体现了中国人民的创造力，并且未来仍将是中华文化的重要组成部分。 【长难句分析】 1."The earliest form of Chinese characters were pictographs." 分析：此句点明了汉字起源的核心特征，是理解后续演变的基础。"pictographs" 是关键概念。 2."These characters are made up of a combination of pictographs, ideographs and phonetic components." 分析：此句概括了现代汉字构成的基本原理，说明了其复杂性及构成元素的多样性。"combination" 一词是关键。 【重难词汇梳理】 Chinese characters 汉字 oldest and most complex最古老、最复杂 pictographs 象形文字 abstract 抽象的 ideographs 表意文字 phonetic components 表音偏旁 combination 结合体，组合 culture and society 文化和社会 communicate and write 交流和书写 rich and diverse cultures 丰富多元的文化 Passage 2 It seems more and more Americans want schools to teach foreign languages to children younger than five years old. The most popular way to teach these young children another language is called immersion (沉浸式语言教学法). Children in immersion programs hear only the new language in the classroom. The children play games, sing songs and talk to one another in the new language. Some experts (专家) say immersion programs are the most effective (有效的) way for young children to learn a language. But there can be a problem when children in the United States begin to learn another language at such an early age. Not many elementary schools continue to teach a foreign language. Only seven of the fifty states require schools to teach a foreign language to students between the ages of six and twelve. Language experts say it is easier for younger children to learn a language. Still, American schools generally do not begin to teach foreign languages until secondary schools. By then, students are about thirteen years old. American schools face difficult choices about the cost of educational programs. The government has increased support for foreign language study in its education law called No Child Left Behind. At the college, the Modern Language Association says more students than ever are studying foreign languages and more languages are being studied now than in the past. Spanish is the most widely taught in American colleges and universities. French, German, Chinese and Italian are also popular. 似乎越来越多的美国人希望学校对五岁以下的儿童进行外语教学。教导这些幼儿学习另一种语言最流行的方法被称为"沉浸式语言教学法"。 参与沉浸式项目的孩子们在教室里只能听到目标外语。孩子们用这种新语言做游戏、唱歌和彼此交流。一些专家表示，对于年幼的儿童来说，沉浸式项目是学习一门语言最有效的方式。 但是，当美国的儿童在如此小的年龄开始学习另一门语言时，可能会遇到一个问题：很少有小学持续进行外语教学。在美国五十个州中，只有七个州要求学校对六至十二岁的学生教授一门外语。语言专家指出，年龄较小的孩子学习语言更容易。然而，美国学校通常要到中学阶段才开始教授外语。到那时，学生们已经大约十三岁了。 美国学校在教育项目的成本方面面临着艰难的选择。政府在其名为《不让一个孩子掉队》的教育法中，已加大了对外语学习的支持。 在大学层面，现代语言协会表示，学习外语的学生数量比以往任何时候都多，而且现在所教授的语言种类也比过去更为丰富。西班牙语是在美国学院和大学中教授最广泛的语言。法语、德语、汉语和意大利语也很受欢迎。 实战演练 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A April 20, 2022 was Guyu, one of the 24 solar terms, and the 13th United Nations “Chinese Language Day”. A one-hour special event was held online to mark it. People around the world were invited to express their love and interest for Chinese language and culture through short videos. Chinese has a a long history. It has shaped other languages in Asia, just like the way Latin has shaped languages in the West. With this history, will Chinese have a surprising future? At present, over one billion people speak Chinese in the world—far more than any other language’s speakers. It is the language of the country which is the world’s second largest economy. Chinese people are found studying and doing business all over the world. In fact, Chinese is definitely going to be a world language. Why is this certain? We must look at the economic and political power of China, which is increasing every day. As we all know, world languages have always been the languages of countries with powerful economy. French and English are important because of the power of the countries that speak those languages. Foreign interest in Chinese has developed of Chinese economy. Chinese has become one of the most important and popular languages around the world. As China develops, more and more people will want to learn about Chinese language and culture to work and study in China, and to do business with Chinese companies. Chinese will one day become an international language. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．In which way is Chinese similar to Latin? A．They both have influenced other languages. B．Both languages have over one billion speakers. C．They both have a long history and bright future. D．Both languages are spoken only by people in Asia. 2．What does the underlined word “definitely” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．渐渐地 B．肯定地 C．完全地 D．真实地 3．What is the relationship between the language and economy? A．The more important the language is, the stronger the economy will be. B．The stronger the economy is, the less important the language will be. C．The more important the language is, the weaker the economy will be. D．The stronger the economy is, the more important the language will be. 4．What does the writer think of the future of Chinese? A．Hopeful. B．Unclear. C．Difficult. D．Doubtful. 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Chinese will be more important as China develops. B．Chinese will be the only language in the world. C．Chinese has become the most popular languages around the world. D．Chinese has shaped all the languages in the world. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文讲述的是汉语在世界上变得越来越重要，随着中国的不断强大，世界上越来越多的人开始了解并学习汉语。汉语的前景是光明的，它将成为一门世界性的语言。 1．细节理解题。根据“It has shaped other languages in Asia, just like the way Latin has shaped languages in the West”可知汉语塑造了亚洲的其他语言，就像拉丁语塑造了西方语言一样。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“In fact, Chinese is definitely going to be a world language. Why is this certain”可知汉语肯定能成为世界语言，故此处definitely意为“肯定地”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“world languages have always been the languages of countries with powerful economy”可知世界语言一直是经济强国的语言，即经济越强大，语言就越重要。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“In fact, Chinese is definitely going to be a world language.”以及“Chinese will one day become an international language.”可知作者认为汉语肯定能成为世界语言，所以作者认为汉语的未来很有希望。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。本文讲述的是汉语在世界上变得越来越重要，随着中国的不断强大，世界上越来越多的人开始了解并学习汉语。汉语的前景是光明的，它将成为一门世界性的语言。故选A。 B There are about 6,000 languages that are spoken around the world. But 43 percent of these languages are dying out, according to UNESCO. If no action is taken, some of these languages will be gone forever. Languages become endangered for many reasons. One is that some communities of native speakers of the endangered languages disappear, HuffPost reported. These people sometimes leave their communities and move to cities or towns. In addition, the languages of “dominant (占主导地位的)” cultures may drive other languages into extinction (灭绝). To get better education and jobs, young people have to focus their attention on learning dominant languages rather than their own languages. Dominant languages include English and French. Once a language dies, it rarely comes back to life. Governments across the globe are taking action to stop this. The US state of Alaska would announce that the loss of indigenous languages (土著语言) is an “emergency (紧急事件)”. In New Zealand, the government said it wanted more than 20 percent of the country’s population to be able to speak basic Maori by 2024. It provided Maori lessons in all New Zealand schools, The New York Times reported. China is also trying to protect its languages. About 130 languages are spoken in China, even more than the number of ethnic groups in the country. In 2015, the government started a project to record all the languages spoken in China, Xinhua reported. Universities like Minzu University of China have created ethnic minority language majors (专业) for their students. 6．How many languages worldwide are in danger of dying out? A．About 2,580 languages. B．About 3,420 languages. C．About 4,300 languages. D．About 6,000 languages. 7．According to Paragraph 2, why might a language die out? A．Speakers move away and stop using it. B．It is too difficult to learn. C．It is used in closed communities. D．Schools don’t offer lessons for it. 8．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The emergency in Alaska. B．The extinction of languages. C．Action taken to save endangered languages. D．The loss of dominant languages. 9．What step did New Zealand take to help save the Maori language? A．Spread the language overseas. B．Offered Maori lessons in schools. C．Recorded the language in books and media. D．Limited the use of other languages. 10．Which title is the best for the passage? A．Losing Our Languages B．Protecting Ethnic Groups C．Improving College Courses D．Building Native Communities 【答案】6．A 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球众多语言濒危的现状、原因，以及美、新、中各国为保护语言所采取的措施。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段“There are about 6,000 languages that are spoken around the world. But 43 percent of these languages are dying out” 可知，濒危语言数量为6000×43%=2580种。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段“One is that some communities of native speakers of the endangered languages disappear...These people sometimes leave their communities and move to cities or towns.”可知，语言灭绝的一个原因是说这种语言的人搬走并不再使用它。故选A。 8．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Once a language dies, it rarely comes back to life. Governments across the globe are taking action to stop this.”可知，“this”指的是语言灭绝这种情况。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据第五段“It provided Maori lessons in all New Zealand schools, The New York Times reported.”可知，新西兰为拯救毛利语在学校提供毛利语课程。故选B。 10．最佳标题题。文章核心围绕“语言消亡”的现状、原因及保护措施展开；选项A“失去我们的语言”最能概括主题，适合作为文章的标题。故选A。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Sally Jones played with her yellow pencil. She daydreamed as her teacher talked about American history. Sally liked history, but she was distracted today. It was a 1 in early October, and the weather outside was sunny and cool. Sally was excited for the weekend to begin. The minute hand on the big white clock round its way to the number twelve. It was almost three o’clock. The bell 2 rang. The fifth graders at Jefferson Elementary immediately began packing their bags. “Not so fast.” said Ids. Charlton. “ 3 you leave, I have a special announcement.” Sally was 4 because special announcements usually meant extra homework. She really wanted to relax this weekend. “Boys and girls,” said Ms. Charlton, “we are going to have spelling bee next Friday. There will be a winner from this class. The student will go on to compete 5 other students from all of the fifth-grade and sixth-grade classes at Jefferson Elementary.” “A spelling bee.” thought Sally, and then she signed. She was a hard worker, but she definitely was not the 6 student in her class. She glanced at Annika, who was 7 . Annika was probably thinking about the big trophy she would soon win because she won everything. Sally 8 won anything. On the way home from school, Sally walked with her friend Jun. Jun moved from South Korea to the United States two years earlier. Sally taught him some English phrases and showed him 9 to get the best hamburgers. He helped her with her math homework and taught her how to use chopsticks. “I really want to win the spelling bee.” Sally told Jun. “ 10 I don’t think I can do it. I get nervous in competitions, and I’m not the best speller! I 11 three or four spelling mistakes in my last story.” “ 12 you need to do is practice.” Jun said. “When I first came to the United States, I didn’t know any English 13 . But I made flashcards and studied every night. Now listen to me! I 14 English pretty well, right?” “That’s true.” said Sally. “We have one 15 until the competition. You have a chance,” Jun said, “but you’ll have to work hard.” Sally thought about it. She had hoped to spend the weekend playing with her friends, but a trophy would be fantastic. Her mom would be so proud. “OK,” she said, “I’ll give it a try.” 1．A．Friday B．Monday C．Sunday D．Saturday 2．A．firstly B．suddenly C．slowly D．finally 3．A．When B．After C．Before D．While 4．A．happy B．relaxed C．excited D．nervous 5．A．for B．with C．in D．upon 6．A．worse B．smartest C．smarter D．worst 7．A．crying B．smiling C．shouting D．celebrating 8．A．never B．often C．always D．sometimes 9．A．who B．what C．where D．why 10．A．But B．Because C．However D．So 11．A．made B．circled C．forgave D．admitted 12．A．All B．Both C．Neither D．None 13．A．at all B．after all C．in all D．above all 14．A．say B．talk C．speak D．tell 15．A．day B．week C．month D．year 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．A 12．A 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sally想要赢得拼写比赛，打算为之努力奋斗的故事。 1．句意：那是十月初的一个星期五，外面的天气晴朗且凉爽。 Friday星期五；Monday星期一；Sunday星期日；Saturday星期六。根据“Sally was excited for the weekend to begin”可知，Sally开始对周末的到来感到兴奋，所以今天是星期五。故选A。 2．句意：铃声突然响了。 firstly首先；suddenly突然；slowly缓慢地；finally终于。根据“She daydreamed as her...today”可知，老师讲美国历史时她在做白日梦，她喜欢历史但是今天心不在焉。所以她并没有注意到时间，因此铃声是突然想起的，suddenly符合语境。故选B。 3．句意：在你们离开之前，我有一个特殊的通知要宣布。 When当……时；After在……之后；Before在……之前；While与……同时。根据语境可知，老师宣布通知的时间是在学生离开之前。故选C。 4．句意：Sally很紧张，因为特殊通知通常意味着额外的家庭作业。 happy开心的；relaxed放松的；excited兴奋的；nervous紧张不安的。根据“extra homework”可知，额外的作业对学生而言心情是紧张不安的。故选D。 5．句意：这名学生将继续与Jefferson 小学所有五六年级的其他学生竞争。 for为了；wiht与……一起；in在……里；upon在……上面。根据语境可知，此处表示的是要与其他学生竞争，compete with“与……竞争”。故选B。 6．句意：她是一个努力的人，但是她绝不是班上最聪明的那个学生。 worse更差的；smartest最聪明的；smarter更聪明的；worst最差的。根据“She was a hard worker, but she definitely was not the...student in her class”和语境可知，but前后内容表示转折关系，“努力”和“差”不构成转折，排除A和D。因本句有比较范围in her class且设空处前有定冠词the，所以此处用最高级。故选B。 7．句意：她朝Annika看了一眼，她正微笑着。 crying哭；smiling微笑；shouting喊叫；celebrating庆祝。根据“Annika was probably...she won everything.”可知，Annika总是会赢，Sally猜想Annika已经在想这次比赛的奖杯了，因此她看向Annika时，Annika正在微笑符合语境。故选B。 8．句意：Sally从来没赢过。 never从未；often经常；always总是；sometimes有时。根据“anything”可知此句表示否定，她从未赢过任何事情。故选A。 9．句意：Sally教他一些英语短语，告诉他在哪里能买到最好的汉堡。 who谁；what什么；where哪里；why为什么。根据“get the best hamburgers”可知，设空处指的是买到最好汉堡的地方，选项C符合语境。故选C。 10．句意：但是我认为我做不到。 But但是；Because因为；However然而；So所以。根据“I really want to win the spelling bee”和“I don’t think I can do it”可知，设空处前后表述内容构成转折关系，且空后无逗号，所以应填But。故选A。 11．句意：我在上一篇故事中犯了三至四个拼写错误。 made制作；circled圈出；forgave原谅；admitted承认。根据“ three or four spelling mistakes ”可知，此处表示犯错，make mistakes“犯错”。故选A。 12．句意：你所需要做的就是练习。 All所有，唯一；Both两者都；Neither两者都不；None全无。根据“... you need to do is practice”可知，此处表示练习是唯一需要做的事情，选项A符合语境。故选A。 13．句意：当我第一次到美国的时候，我一点英语也不懂。 at all全然，根本；after all毕竟；in all总计；above all首先。根据“ I didn’t know any English...”可知，她对英语全然不懂。not...at all“一点也不，根本不”符合语境，故选A。 14．句意：我英语说得非常好，对吧？ say说（强调说话内容）；talk谈论；speak说，讲（某种语言）；tell告诉。根据“...English”可知，此处是讲英语speak English。故选C。 15．句意：我们离比赛还有一周的时间。 day天；week周；month月；year年。根据“we are going to have spelling bee next Friday”可知，下星期五要举行拼写比赛。根据前文可知，今天是星期五，所以距离下周五还有一周的时间。故选B。 三、短文填空 With the development of China, there is more need for learning Chinese. So many 1 (learning) of Chinese start to use online apps. There are many 2 (help) online apps, such as Wukong, Duolingo and Chineasy: Learn Chinese 3 (easy). Today, Duolingo offers new 4 (course) for learning Chinese. People can learn more about Chinese culture, such as the Spring Festival, martial arts (武术), 5 Peking Opera. There is also cultural learning about everyday life. Sixteen-year-old Isabelle comes from a Chinese family in France. She lived in China from 3 to 7 before 6 (move) to the US. Three years ago, she started learning Chinese again, and 7 (find) that it was fun. She spends about five minutes a day 8 language-learning app Duolingo, which has lasted for over 300 days. With her teacher from Shanghai on screen, she reads books and 9 (practice) conversations. “I think Chinese will be 10 (real) more and more important. My grandma and other family members speak it, so I hope to talk with 11 (they) in Chinese,” she says. Ken, a 12 (Japan) man, whose wife is from China, uses Duolingo 13 (improve) his Chinese twice a week. For him, reading is much 14 (difficult) because many of the Chinese characters have two or three pronunciations, so he often makes mistakes. But he keeps trying. So far, he 15 (make) great progress. 【答案】 1．learners 2．helpful 3．easily 4．courses 5．and 6．moving 7．found 8．on 9．practices 10．really 11．them 12．Japanese 13．to improve 14．more difficult 15．has made 【导语】本文主要讲述随着中国的发展，学习汉语的需求增加，许多人开始使用在线应用程序学习汉语，并介绍了几个学习汉语的应用程序以及一些学习者的经历。 1．句意：因此，许多汉语学习者开始使用在线应用程序。根据“start to use online apps”可知，是指汉语学习者开始使用在线应用程序，many后跟名词复数learners“学习者”。故填learners。 2．句意：有许多有用的在线应用程序，例如悟空、多邻国和Chineasy：轻松学汉语。空处修饰名词短语online apps，用形容词helpful“有用的”，作定语。故填helpful。 3．句意：有许多有用的在线应用程序，例如悟空、多邻国和Chineasy：轻松学汉语。空处修饰动词Learn，用副词形式。故填easily。 4．句意：如今，多邻国提供了新的汉语学习课程。此处泛指新的课程，用名词复数形式。故填courses。 5．句意：人们可以了解更多关于中国文化的知识，例如春节、武术和京剧。根据“the Spring Festival, martial arts (武术), ... Peking Opera.”可知，此处是并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 6．句意：在移居美国之前，她从3岁到7岁住在中国。before是介词，后跟动名词。故填moving。 7．句意：三年前，她再次开始学习汉语，发现这很有趣。根据“Three years ago”可知，时态用一般过去时，动词用过去式found“发现”。故填found。 8．句意：她每天花大约五分钟在多邻国语言学习应用程序上，这持续了300多天。spend time on sth“花时间在某事上”，固定短语。故填on。 9．句意：在她的上海老师在屏幕上的指导下，她阅读书籍并练习对话。此处用动词第三人称单数与reads作并列谓语。故填practices。 10．句意：我认为汉语真的会越来越重要。空处修饰形容词，用副词形式really。故填really。 11．句意：我祖母和其他家庭成员都会说汉语，所以我希望能用汉语和他们交流。空处作介词with的宾语，用宾格代词them。故填them。 12．句意：肯是一名日本男子，他的妻子来自中国，他每周两次使用多邻国来改善自己的汉语水平。空处修饰名词man，用形容词Japanese“日本的”，作定语。故填Japanese。 13．句意：肯是一名日本男子，他的妻子来自中国，他每周两次使用多邻国来改善自己的汉语水平。use sth to do sth“使用某物做某事”，空处填不定式。故填to improve。 14．句意：对他来说，阅读要困难得多，因为许多汉字有2个或3个读音，所以他经常出错。根据“much”修饰比较级可知，此处用比较级more difficult“更困难的”。故填more difficult。 15．句意：到目前为止，他已经取得了很大进步。根据“So far”可知，时态用现在完成时have/has done，主语是he，助动词用has。故填has made。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 English Around the World 语言学习 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 338 讲述了汉语是世界上最古老、最复杂的语言之一，其文字经历了数个世纪的演变。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 260 介绍了美国沉浸式外语教学法的普及现状 实战演练 阅读理解 A 说明文 248 讲述的是汉语在世界上变得越来越重要，随着中国的不断强大，世界上越来越多的人开始了解并学习汉语。 B 说明文 271 文章介绍了全球众多语言濒危的现状、原因，以及美、新、中各国为保护语言所采取的措施。 完形填空 记叙文 407 要讲述了Sally想要赢得拼写比赛，打算为之努力奋斗的故事。 语法填空 说明文 232 讲述随着中国的发展，学习汉语的需求增加，许多人开始使用在线应用程序学习汉语，并介绍了几个学习汉语的应用程序以及一些学习者的经历。 时文阅读 Passage 1 The Chinese language is one of the oldest and most complex languages in the world. It has a long history and its characters have gone through many changes over the centuries. The earliest form of Chinese characters was pictographs(象形文字). These characters were simple pictures that meant an object or action. For example, the character for “tree” was a picture of a tree and the character for “sun” was a picture of the sun. Over time, these pictographs became more abstract(抽象的) and changed into ideographs(表意文字). Ideographs were characters that meant an idea or a concept. The third stage of Chinese character was the introduction of phonetic components(表音偏旁). It allowed people to know a word without having to draw a picture of it. Phonetic components are small pieces of a character that meant the sound of the word. For example, the character for “horse” is made up of the phonetic components for “ma” and “horse”. Finally, Chinese characters developed into the modern forms we see today. These characters are made up of a combination(结合体) of pictographs, ideographs and phonetic components. This has made Chinese characters much easier to learn and remember, as they are now made up of smaller parts that are easier to remember and recognize. The change of Chinese characters has had a main influence on Chinese culture and society. For centuries, Chinese character were the only way to communicate and write. This allowed Chinese culture and language to spread through the world. It also allowed people to share their ideas and thoughts with each other, which led to the development of rich and diverse cultures. Today, Chinese characters are still used in China and many other countries. They are important parts of Chinese culture, and they continue to change. Chinese characters reflect creativity of the Chinese people, and they will continue to be an important part of Chinese culture for many years to comic. 汉语是世界上最古老、最复杂的语言之一。它有着悠久的历史，其文字在数世纪间经历了诸多演变。 汉字最早的形式是象形文字。这些文字是简单的图画，代表某个物体或动作。例如，"木"字就是一棵树的图画，"日"字就是太阳的图画。随着时间的推移，这些象形文字变得更加抽象，并演变为表意文字。表意文字是表达思想或概念的字符。 汉字发展的第三阶段是表音偏旁的引入。这使得人们无需画出事物的图画就能认识一个字。表音偏旁是字符中表示发音的小部件。例如，"马"字就是由表示"ma"这个音的偏旁和表示"马"这个义的部件组成的。 最终，汉字发展成为我们今天所见的现代形式。这些字符是由象形、表意和表音部件组合而成的。这使得汉字更易于学习和记忆，因为它们现在由更小、更容易记忆和识别的部件构成。 汉字的演变对中国文化和社会产生了主要影响。几个世纪以来，汉字曾是唯一的交流和书写方式。这使得中国文化和语言得以传播到世界各地。它也使得人们能够彼此分享想法和思想，从而促成了丰富多元文化的发展。如今，汉字仍在中国和许多其他国家使用。它们是中华文化的重要组成部分，并且仍在不断演变。汉字体现了中国人民的创造力，并且未来仍将是中华文化的重要组成部分。 【长难句分析】 1."The earliest form of Chinese characters were pictographs." 分析：此句点明了汉字起源的核心特征，是理解后续演变的基础。"pictographs" 是关键概念。 2."These characters are made up of a combination of pictographs, ideographs and phonetic components." 分析：此句概括了现代汉字构成的基本原理，说明了其复杂性及构成元素的多样性。"combination" 一词是关键。 【重难词汇梳理】 Chinese characters 汉字 oldest and most complex最古老、最复杂 pictographs 象形文字 abstract 抽象的 ideographs 表意文字 phonetic components 表音偏旁 combination 结合体，组合 culture and society 文化和社会 communicate and write 交流和书写 rich and diverse cultures 丰富多元的文化 Passage 2 It seems more and more Americans want schools to teach foreign languages to children younger than five years old. The most popular way to teach these young children another language is called immersion (沉浸式语言教学法). Children in immersion programs hear only the new language in the classroom. The children play games, sing songs and talk to one another in the new language. Some experts (专家) say immersion programs are the most effective (有效的) way for young children to learn a language. But there can be a problem when children in the United States begin to learn another language at such an early age. Not many elementary schools continue to teach a foreign language. Only seven of the fifty states require schools to teach a foreign language to students between the ages of six and twelve. Language experts say it is easier for younger children to learn a language. Still, American schools generally do not begin to teach foreign languages until secondary schools. By then, students are about thirteen years old. American schools face difficult choices about the cost of educational programs. The government has increased support for foreign language study in its education law called No Child Left Behind. At the college, the Modern Language Association says more students than ever are studying foreign languages and more languages are being studied now than in the past. Spanish is the most widely taught in American colleges and universities. French, German, Chinese and Italian are also popular. 似乎越来越多的美国人希望学校对五岁以下的儿童进行外语教学。教导这些幼儿学习另一种语言最流行的方法被称为"沉浸式语言教学法"。 参与沉浸式项目的孩子们在教室里只能听到目标外语。孩子们用这种新语言做游戏、唱歌和彼此交流。一些专家表示，对于年幼的儿童来说，沉浸式项目是学习一门语言最有效的方式。 但是，当美国的儿童在如此小的年龄开始学习另一门语言时，可能会遇到一个问题：很少有小学持续进行外语教学。在美国五十个州中，只有七个州要求学校对六至十二岁的学生教授一门外语。语言专家指出，年龄较小的孩子学习语言更容易。然而，美国学校通常要到中学阶段才开始教授外语。到那时，学生们已经大约十三岁了。 美国学校在教育项目的成本方面面临着艰难的选择。政府在其名为《不让一个孩子掉队》的教育法中，已加大了对外语学习的支持。 在大学层面，现代语言协会表示，学习外语的学生数量比以往任何时候都多，而且现在所教授的语言种类也比过去更为丰富。西班牙语是在美国学院和大学中教授最广泛的语言。法语、德语、汉语和意大利语也很受欢迎。 实战演练 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A April 20, 2022 was Guyu, one of the 24 solar terms, and the 13th United Nations “Chinese Language Day”. A one-hour special event was held online to mark it. People around the world were invited to express their love and interest for Chinese language and culture through short videos. Chinese has a a long history. It has shaped other languages in Asia, just like the way Latin has shaped languages in the West. With this history, will Chinese have a surprising future? At present, over one billion people speak Chinese in the world—far more than any other language’s speakers. It is the language of the country which is the world’s second largest economy. Chinese people are found studying and doing business all over the world. In fact, Chinese is definitely going to be a world language. Why is this certain? We must look at the economic and political power of China, which is increasing every day. As we all know, world languages have always been the languages of countries with powerful economy. French and English are important because of the power of the countries that speak those languages. Foreign interest in Chinese has developed of Chinese economy. Chinese has become one of the most important and popular languages around the world. As China develops, more and more people will want to learn about Chinese language and culture to work and study in China, and to do business with Chinese companies. Chinese will one day become an international language. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．In which way is Chinese similar to Latin? A．They both have influenced other languages. B．Both languages have over one billion speakers. C．They both have a long history and bright future. D．Both languages are spoken only by people in Asia. 2．What does the underlined word “definitely” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．渐渐地 B．肯定地 C．完全地 D．真实地 3．What is the relationship between the language and economy? A．The more important the language is, the stronger the economy will be. B．The stronger the economy is, the less important the language will be. C．The more important the language is, the weaker the economy will be. D．The stronger the economy is, the more important the language will be. 4．What does the writer think of the future of Chinese? A．Hopeful. B．Unclear. C．Difficult. D．Doubtful. 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Chinese will be more important as China develops. B．Chinese will be the only language in the world. C．Chinese has become the most popular languages around the world. D．Chinese has shaped all the languages in the world. B There are about 6,000 languages that are spoken around the world. But 43 percent of these languages are dying out, according to UNESCO. If no action is taken, some of these languages will be gone forever. Languages become endangered for many reasons. One is that some communities of native speakers of the endangered languages disappear, HuffPost reported. These people sometimes leave their communities and move to cities or towns. In addition, the languages of “dominant (占主导地位的)” cultures may drive other languages into extinction (灭绝). To get better education and jobs, young people have to focus their attention on learning dominant languages rather than their own languages. Dominant languages include English and French. Once a language dies, it rarely comes back to life. Governments across the globe are taking action to stop this. The US state of Alaska would announce that the loss of indigenous languages (土著语言) is an “emergency (紧急事件)”. In New Zealand, the government said it wanted more than 20 percent of the country’s population to be able to speak basic Maori by 2024. It provided Maori lessons in all New Zealand schools, The New York Times reported. China is also trying to protect its languages. About 130 languages are spoken in China, even more than the number of ethnic groups in the country. In 2015, the government started a project to record all the languages spoken in China, Xinhua reported. Universities like Minzu University of China have created ethnic minority language majors (专业) for their students. 6．How many languages worldwide are in danger of dying out? A．About 2,580 languages. B．About 3,420 languages. C．About 4,300 languages. D．About 6,000 languages. 7．According to Paragraph 2, why might a language die out? A．Speakers move away and stop using it. B．It is too difficult to learn. C．It is used in closed communities. D．Schools don’t offer lessons for it. 8．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The emergency in Alaska. B．The extinction of languages. C．Action taken to save endangered languages. D．The loss of dominant languages. 9．What step did New Zealand take to help save the Maori language? A．Spread the language overseas. B．Offered Maori lessons in schools. C．Recorded the language in books and media. D．Limited the use of other languages. 10．Which title is the best for the passage? A．Losing Our Languages B．Protecting Ethnic Groups C．Improving College Courses D．Building Native Communities 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Sally Jones played with her yellow pencil. She daydreamed as her teacher talked about American history. Sally liked history, but she was distracted today. It was a 1 in early October, and the weather outside was sunny and cool. Sally was excited for the weekend to begin. The minute hand on the big white clock round its way to the number twelve. It was almost three o’clock. The bell 2 rang. The fifth graders at Jefferson Elementary immediately began packing their bags. “Not so fast.” said Ids. Charlton. “ 3 you leave, I have a special announcement.” Sally was 4 because special announcements usually meant extra homework. She really wanted to relax this weekend. “Boys and girls,” said Ms. Charlton, “we are going to have spelling bee next Friday. There will be a winner from this class. The student will go on to compete 5 other students from all of the fifth-grade and sixth-grade classes at Jefferson Elementary.” “A spelling bee.” thought Sally, and then she signed. She was a hard worker, but she definitely was not the 6 student in her class. She glanced at Annika, who was 7 . Annika was probably thinking about the big trophy she would soon win because she won everything. Sally 8 won anything. On the way home from school, Sally walked with her friend Jun. Jun moved from South Korea to the United States two years earlier. Sally taught him some English phrases and showed him 9 to get the best hamburgers. He helped her with her math homework and taught her how to use chopsticks. “I really want to win the spelling bee.” Sally told Jun. “ 10 I don’t think I can do it. I get nervous in competitions, and I’m not the best speller! I 11 three or four spelling mistakes in my last story.” “ 12 you need to do is practice.” Jun said. “When I first came to the United States, I didn’t know any English 13 . But I made flashcards and studied every night. Now listen to me! I 14 English pretty well, right?” “That’s true.” said Sally. “We have one 15 until the competition. You have a chance,” Jun said, “but you’ll have to work hard.” Sally thought about it. She had hoped to spend the weekend playing with her friends, but a trophy would be fantastic. Her mom would be so proud. “OK,” she said, “I’ll give it a try.” 1．A．Friday B．Monday C．Sunday D．Saturday 2．A．firstly B．suddenly C．slowly D．finally 3．A．When B．After C．Before D．While 4．A．happy B．relaxed C．excited D．nervous 5．A．for B．with C．in D．upon 6．A．worse B．smartest C．smarter D．worst 7．A．crying B．smiling C．shouting D．celebrating 8．A．never B．often C．always D．sometimes 9．A．who B．what C．where D．why 10．A．But B．Because C．However D．So 11．A．made B．circled C．forgave D．admitted 12．A．All B．Both C．Neither D．None 13．A．at all B．after all C．in all D．above all 14．A．say B．talk C．speak D．tell 15．A．day B．week C．month D．year 三、短文填空 With the development of China, there is more need for learning Chinese. So many 1 (learning) of Chinese start to use online apps. There are many 2 (help) online apps, such as Wukong, Duolingo and Chineasy: Learn Chinese 3 (easy). Today, Duolingo offers new 4 (course) for learning Chinese. People can learn more about Chinese culture, such as the Spring Festival, martial arts (武术), 5 Peking Opera. There is also cultural learning about everyday life. Sixteen-year-old Isabelle comes from a Chinese family in France. She lived in China from 3 to 7 before 6 (move) to the US. Three years ago, she started learning Chinese again, and 7 (find) that it was fun. She spends about five minutes a day 8 language-learning app Duolingo, which has lasted for over 300 days. With her teacher from Shanghai on screen, she reads books and 9 (practice) conversations. “I think Chinese will be 10 (real) more and more important. My grandma and other family members speak it, so I hope to talk with 11 (they) in Chinese,” she says. Ken, a 12 (Japan) man, whose wife is from China, uses Duolingo 13 (improve) his Chinese twice a week. For him, reading is much 14 (difficult) because many of the Chinese characters have two or three pronunciations, so he often makes mistakes. But he keeps trying. So far, he 15 (make) great progress. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $