清单03 完形填空必背高频词汇及对点精练（知识清单，浙江专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

清单03 完形填空必背高频词汇及对点精练 常见的25类完形填空高频场景词汇 一、逻辑衔接类：构建语篇的 “骨架” 1. 转折关系（语义反转） however：然而 but：但是 yet：然而 while：而 though/although：尽管 instead：反而 on the contrary：相反 2. 因果关系（逻辑推导） because：因为 since：既然；由于 as：由于 for：因为 so：所以 thus：因此 therefore：因此 as a result：结果 3. 并列关系（语义并列） and：和 or：或者 both...and...：两者都 either...or...：要么… 要么… neither...nor...：既不… 也不… 4. 递进关系（语义加深） besides：此外 also：也 even：甚至 furthermore：此外 what's more：更重要的是 二、情感态度类：把握作者的 “语气” 1. 积极情感（愉悦 / 满足） delighted：高兴的（因意外或期待之事） happy：快乐的 pleased：满意的（因需求得到满足） excited：兴奋的（因刺激或激动之事） proud：骄傲的 grateful：感激的 2. 消极情感（沮丧 / 不满） disappointed：失望的（因未达预期） sad：悲伤的 upset：难过的（因意外不快之事） frustrated：沮丧的（因挫折或阻碍） angry：生气的 worried：担心的 3. 中性情感（客观 / 平淡） calm：平静的 neutral：中立的 curious：好奇的（对未知事物） surprised：惊讶的（因意外之事） indifferent：冷漠的（对事物不关心） 三、动作描述类：还原场景的 “细节” 1. 选择与决定 choose：选择（泛指） select：挑选（强调仔细筛选） opt：选择（强调主动抉择） pick：挑选（强调随意或快速） decide：决定 搭配：“choose a dress”（选裙子）、“select the best book”（挑选最佳书籍）、“opt for a course”（选择课程）。 2. 移动与位置变化 move：移动（泛指，如搬家） walk：步行（强调行走方式） run：跑（强调速度） rush：冲（强调匆忙） approach：靠近 3. 感知与认知 see：看见（强调视觉结果） hear：听见 feel：感觉（触觉或情感） smell：闻见 taste：尝到 notice：注意到（强调察觉细节） realize：意识到 辨析：“see a bird”（看见鸟）侧重结果，“notice a stranger”（注意到陌生人）侧重主动察觉。 4. 交流与互动 speak：说话（强调动作） talk：交谈（强调互动） say：说（强调内容） tell：告诉；分辨 explain：解释 discuss：讨论 固定搭配：“tell right from wrong”（分辨是非）、“explain the problem”（解释问题）。 四、场景相关类：搭建语境的 “背景” 1. 生活场景 occasion：场合 situation：情况；处境 accommodation：住所 entertainment：娱乐 budget：预算 purchase：购买（n./v.） consume：消费；消耗 高频搭配：“on this occasion”（在这个场合）、“deal with the situation”（处理情况）。 2. 学习与工作 academic：学术的 course：课程 experiment：实验 project：项目 performance：表现；业绩 evaluate：评估；评价 accumulate：积累（经验、知识） 例句：“accumulate experience”（积累经验）、“evaluate the performance”（评估表现）。 3. 社会与情感 atmosphere：气氛 sympathy：同情 loyalty：忠实 prejudice：偏见 harmony：和谐 contribution：贡献 expectation：期待 4. 状态与特征 essential：必要的；本质的 unique：独一无二的 beneficial：有益的 tough：艰难的；坚强的 flexible：灵活的 sensitive：敏感的 constant：连续的；不变的 辨析：“essential to”（对… 必要）、“beneficial for”（对… 有益），如 “essential skills”（必备技能）。 五、自然与环境类：还原客观场景的 “氛围” 1. 自然现象 rain：下雨（v.）；雨（n.） snow：下雪（v.）；雪（n.） wind：刮风（v.）；风（n.） storm：暴风雨（n.） sunshine：阳光（n.） fog：雾（n.）；起雾（v.） thunder：打雷（v.）；雷声（n.） 搭配：“heavy rain”（大雨）、“strong wind”（大风）、“in the sunshine”（在阳光下），如 “The storm destroyed many houses in the village”（暴风雨摧毁了村里的许多房屋）。 2. 环境状态 clean：干净的 dirty：脏的 polluted：被污染的（因人类活动） natural：自然的（非人工的） wild：野生的；荒凉的 green：绿色的；环保的 辨析：“natural scenery”（自然风光）侧重 “非人工打造”，“green lifestyle”（绿色生活方式）侧重 “环保”，如 “We should protect the natural environment”（我们应保护自然环境）。 3. 地理与方位 mountain：山 river：河 forest：森林 ocean：海洋 desert：沙漠 east：东 west：西 south：南 north：北 六、时间与频率类：梳理事件的 “脉络” 1. 时间顺序 first：首先 then：然后 next：接下来 finally：最后 afterwards：之后 previously：之前 2. 时长与阶段 moment：片刻；瞬间 minute：分钟 hour：小时 day：天 week：周 month：月 year：年 period：时期；阶段 while：一段时间 搭配：“for a moment”（一会儿）、“during this period”（在这个时期），如 “He stayed in Beijing for a week last summer”（去年夏天他在北京待了一周）。 3. 频率 always：总是 usually：通常 often：经常 sometimes：有时 rarely：很少 hardly：几乎不 never：从不 辨析：频率从高到低为 “always> usually > often > sometimes > rarely > hardly > never”，如 “She usually gets up at 7 o'clock, but sometimes she wakes up late”（她通常 7 点起床，但有时会起晚）。 七、动词短语类：丰富动作的 “表达” 1. “动词 + up” 短语 wake up：醒来 get up：起床 pick up：捡起；接（人） give up：放弃 make up：编造；弥补 turn up：出现；调大（声音） 2. “动词 + out” 短语 find out：查明；弄清楚 work out：解决；算出 take out：取出；拿出 look out：小心；注意 figure out：理解；弄明白 搭配：“find out the truth”（查明真相）、“work out a math problem”（算出一道数学题），如 “She tried to figure out why her friend was angry with her”（她努力弄明白朋友为什么生她的气）。 3. “动词 + on” 短语 depend on：依靠；依赖 focus on：专注于 keep on：继续（做某事） carry on：继续进行 put on：穿上；上演 4. “动词 + off” 短语 take off：起飞；脱下（衣服） turn off：关掉（电器） set off：出发；动身 put off：推迟 give off：发出（光、热、气味） 辨析：“take off the coat”（脱下外套）、“turn off the TV”（关掉电视），如 “The plane will take off in ten minutes”（飞机十分钟后起飞）。 八、人物关系与情感互动类：传递人际 “温度” 1. 亲属与家庭关系 parent：父母（统称） father/dad：父亲 mother/mom：母亲 brother：兄弟 sister：姐妹 grandparent：祖父母 / 外祖父母 cousin：堂（表）兄弟姐妹 uncle：叔叔；舅舅 aunt：阿姨；姑姑 搭配：“get along with parents”（与父母相处）、“help my brother with homework”（帮弟弟做作业），如 “She often visits her grandparents on weekends”（她经常周末去看望祖父母）。 2. 社交与朋友关系 friend：朋友 classmate：同学 colleague：同事（职场场景） neighbor：邻居 stranger：陌生人 companion：同伴（侧重同行者） partner：搭档（侧重合作关系） 辨析：“friend” 强调情感联结，“partner” 强调合作目的，如 “He and his partner won the team competition”（他和搭档赢得了团队比赛）、“She has been friends with Mary since childhood”（她和玛丽从小就是朋友）。 3. 情感互动行为 help：帮助 support：支持（情感或行动上） comfort：安慰（因悲伤或困难） encourage：鼓励（因缺乏信心） praise：表扬（因表现好） criticize：批评（因错误或不足） forgive：原谅（因过错） 真题例句：“When she failed the exam, her best friend comforted her and encouraged her to try again”（她考试失利时，好友安慰她并鼓励她再试一次）。 九、物品与工具类：支撑场景 “功能” 1. 学习与办公物品 book：书 notebook：笔记本 pen：钢笔 pencil：铅笔 eraser：橡皮 ruler：尺子 paper：纸 computer：电脑 printer：打印机 file：文件；文件夹 搭配：“take notes in a notebook”（在笔记本上记笔记）、“print a file with a printer”（用打印机打印文件），如 “He forgot to bring his pen to the exam, so he borrowed one from his classmate”（他考试忘带钢笔，只好向同学借）。 2. 日常与家居物品 chair：椅子 table：桌子 sofa：沙发 bed：床 lamp：灯 clock：钟 fridge：冰箱 TV：电视 phone：手机；电话 umbrella：雨伞 3. 工具与设备 knife：刀（厨房或工具刀） scissors：剪刀 hammer：锤子 screwdriver：螺丝刀 camera：相机 radio：收音机 bike/bicycle：自行车 car：汽车 辨析：“knife” 可指厨房用的菜刀或日常小刀，“scissors” 需用复数形式，如 “She used scissors to cut the paper into a heart shape”（她用剪刀把纸剪成心形）。 十、副词与连词类：衔接语句 “逻辑” 1. 程度副词（修饰动作或状态） very：非常（强调程度高，修饰形容词 / 副词） quite：相当（程度适中，如 “quite good”） rather：颇；相当（可表褒贬，如 “rather difficult”） almost：几乎（接近完成，如 “almost finished”） nearly：差不多（与 “almost” 近义，可互换） hardly：几乎不（表否定，如 “hardly eat”） 辨析：“very” 修饰形容词原级（“very happy”），“quite” 可修饰原级或比较级（“quite better”），“almost” 与 “nearly” 在 “not” 前需用 “nearly”（“not nearly enough”，远不够）。 2. 方式副词（描述动作方式） carefully：仔细地 quickly：快速地 slowly：缓慢地 quietly：安静地 loudly：大声地 suddenly：突然地 gradually：逐渐地 3. 转折与让步连词（补充逻辑衔接） however：然而（需用逗号隔开，如 “However, he didn't come”） but：但是（直接连接句子，无逗号） though：尽管（可放句末，如 “He tried, though he failed”） although：尽管（不可放句末，如 “Although it rained, we went out”） yet：然而（可与 “though” 搭配，如 “Though tired, yet he worked on”） 用法提醒：“though” 与 “although” 不可与 “but” 同时使用，但可与 “yet” 连用，如 “Although she is young, yet she is very experienced”（她虽年轻，但经验丰富）。 4. 条件连词（表假设或条件） if：如果（引导真实条件句，如 “If it rains, we stay”） unless：除非（=if not，如 “Unless you work hard, you won't pass”） as long as：只要（引导充分条件，如 “As long as you try, you'll succeed”） in case：以防（表预防，如 “Take an umbrella in case it rains”） 高频搭配：“if necessary”（如有必要）、“unless otherwise stated”（除非另有说明），如 “In case you forget, I'll write down the address for you”（以防你忘记，我把地址写给你）。 十一、心理活动类：挖掘人物 “内心” 1. 思考与判断 think：思考（泛指，如 “think about a problem”） consider：考虑（强调慎重分析，如 “consider a plan”） believe：相信（主观认同，如 “believe his words”） trust：信任（侧重可靠感，如 “trust a friend”） doubt：怀疑（对真实性存疑，如 “doubt the result”） guess：猜测（无依据推断，如 “guess the answer”） conclude：推断（基于事实得出结论，如 “conclude from evidence”） 辨析：“believe” 侧重 “主观相信观点”，“trust” 侧重 “相信对方可靠”，如 “I believe his story is true, and I trust him to keep his promise”（我相信他的故事是真的，也信任他会信守承诺）。 2. 欲望与需求 want：想要（泛指，如 “want a book”） need：需要（客观必需，如 “need water”） desire：渴望（强烈愿望，如 “desire success”） hope：希望（对未来的期待，如 “hope to win”） expect：期望（对他人 / 事物的预期，如 “expect good grades”） wish：愿望（难实现的想法，如 “wish to fly”） 3. 情绪波动 cheer up：振作起来（从消极到积极，如 “cheer up after failure”） calm down：冷静下来（从激动到平稳，如 “calm down when angry”） feel down：情绪低落（因挫折，如 “feel down about the exam”） be nervous about：对… 紧张（如 “be nervous about the interview”） be anxious about：对… 焦虑（担忧结果，如 “be anxious about his health”） 十二、场景动作延伸类：细化 “行为” 场景 1. 校园场景动作 attend：参加（课程、会议，如 “attend class”） listen：听（讲座、课，如 “listen to the teacher”） take part in：参与（活动，如 “take part in the sports meeting”） hand in：上交（作业、试卷，如 “hand in homework”） correct：批改（作业，如 “correct students' papers”） explain：讲解（知识点，如 “explain a grammar rule”） 2. 购物场景动作 buy：买（泛指，如 “buy a shirt”） sell：卖（如 “sell fruits”） choose：挑选（如 “choose a gift”） pay：支付（如 “pay for the book”） spend：花费（时间 / 金钱，如 “spend 100 yuan on a bag”） save：节省（如 “save money by shopping online”） afford：买得起（如 “can afford a new phone”） 辨析：“spend” 主语是人（“I spend money”），“cost” 主语是物（“The book costs 20 yuan”），如 “She spent 50 yuan on the skirt, which cost her half a week's pocket money”（她花 50 元买了这条裙子，花了她半周的零花钱）。 3. 交通场景动作 drive：驾驶（车，如 “drive a car”） ride：骑（自行车、摩托车，如 “ride a bike”） take：乘坐（交通工具，如 “take a bus”） walk：步行（如 “walk to school”） wait：等待（车、人，如 “wait for the train”） arrive：到达（如 “arrive at the station”） leave：离开（如 “leave home at 7 a.m.”） 十三、易混淆名词辨析类：理清 “概念” 差异 1. 时间相关名词 time：时间（泛指，如 “spend time”） moment：时刻（短暂时间，如 “a happy moment”） period：时期（一段时间，如 “a period of three years”） chance：机会（偶然的机会，如 “a chance to travel”） opportunity：机遇（有利的机会，如 “an opportunity to work abroad”） 辨析：“chance” 侧重 “偶然发生”，“opportunity” 侧重 “可遇不可求的有利时机”，如 “He got a chance to meet the star, and it became a great opportunity for his career”（他偶然得到见明星的机会，这成了他事业的重要机遇）。 2. 情感相关名词 feeling：感觉（主观情绪，如 “a feeling of happiness”） emotion：情感（强烈的情绪，如 “mixed emotions”） mood：心情（暂时的情绪状态，如 “in a good mood”） affection：喜爱（对人 / 物的好感，如 “affection for animals”） sympathy：同情（对他人困境的共情，如 “sympathy for the poor”） 真题例句：“She was in a bad mood because she lost her favorite pen, and her friends showed sympathy for her”（她因为丢了心爱的钢笔心情不好，朋友们对她表示同情）。 3. 场所相关名词 place：地方（泛指，如 “a beautiful place”） location：位置（具体方位，如 “the location of the hotel”） spot：地点（特定小区域，如 “a quiet spot in the park”） area：区域（较大范围，如 “a residential area”） space：空间（可容纳的范围，如 “enough space for a desk”） 搭配：“We found a quiet spot by the lake to have a picnic”（我们在湖边找到一个安静的地方野餐）、“This area has many new shopping malls”（这个区域有很多新的购物中心）。 十四、抽象概念类：解读语篇 “深层含义” 1. 品质与品德 honesty：诚实（如 “honesty is the best policy”） kindness：善良（如 “show kindness to others”） courage：勇气（如 “have the courage to try”） patience：耐心（如 “with patience”） responsibility：责任（如 “take responsibility for”） fairness：公平（如 “seek fairness”） wisdom：智慧（如 “use wisdom to solve problems”） 辨析：“courage” 侧重 “面对困难不退缩”，“wisdom” 侧重 “用理性解决问题”，如 “He showed great courage to face the challenge, and used his wisdom to find a solution”（他展现出面对挑战的勇气，并用智慧找到解决办法）。 2. 状态与变化 success：成功（如 “achieve success”） failure：失败（如 “learn from failure”） progress：进步（如 “make progress”） change：变化（如 “a big change”） development：发展（如 “the development of technology”） growth：成长（如 “personal growth”） stability：稳定（如 “the stability of life”） 3. 理念与观点 idea：想法（泛指，如 “have an idea”） opinion：观点（个人看法，如 “in my opinion”） view：看法（较正式，如 “hold a view”） belief：信念（坚定的想法，如 “a strong belief”） principle：原则（行为准则，如 “follow one's principles”） value：价值观（如 “family values”） 搭配：“He shared his opinion on environmental protection”（他分享了对环境保护的看法）、“She never compromises on her principles”（她从不在原则问题上妥协）。 十五、日常交际类：还原对话 “真实场景” 1. 问候与告别 greet：问候（如 “greet a friend”） hello：你好（口语问候） hi：嗨（非正式问候） goodbye：再见（通用告别） bye：拜拜（非正式告别） see you：回头见（口语，如 “see you tomorrow”） take care：保重（告别时叮嘱，如 “take care on your way”） 2. 感谢与道歉 thank：感谢（如 “thank you”） appreciate：感激（较正式，如 “appreciate your help”） thanks：谢谢（口语，如 “many thanks”） sorry：对不起（通用道歉） apologize：道歉（较正式，如 “apologize for being late”） excuse：原谅（如 “excuse me”，打扰或道歉） 辨析：“thank” 后接人（“thank you”），“appreciate” 后接事物（“appreciate your support”），如 “I thank you for your help, and I really appreciate the time you spent”（感谢你的帮助，也很感激你付出的时间）。 3. 请求与回应 ask：请求（如 “ask for help”） request：请求（正式，如 “request a meeting”） beg：恳求（语气强烈，如 “beg for forgiveness”） agree：同意（如 “agree to a plan”） refuse：拒绝（如 “refuse an offer”） accept：接受（如 “accept an invitation”） 十六、特殊场景类：覆盖 “小众但高频” 语境 这类词汇针对高考完形填空偶尔出现的医疗、饮食、节日等场景，虽出现频率不如通用场景，但一旦涉及便是关键考点，需重点记忆核心词汇。 1. 医疗场景 doctor：医生（如 “see a doctor”） nurse：护士（如 “a kind nurse”） patient：病人（如 “a hospital patient”） illness：疾病（泛指，如 “have an illness”） disease：疾病（特指，如 “a serious disease”） treat：治疗（如 “treat a patient”） recover：恢复（如 “recover from illness”） 2. 饮食场景 eat：吃（泛指，如 “eat breakfast”） drink：喝（如 “drink water”） cook：烹饪（如 “cook a meal”） bake：烘焙（如 “bake a cake”） taste：尝（如 “taste the soup”） hungry：饿的（如 “feel hungry”） thirsty：渴的（如 “be thirsty”） 辨析：“cook” 泛指做饭（“cook rice”），“bake” 特指用烤箱烘焙（“bake bread”），如 “She cooked dinner for her family, and baked cookies for dessert”（她给家人做了晚饭，还烤了饼干当甜点）。 3. 节日场景 festival：节日（泛指，如 “a traditional festival”） holiday：假期（如 “summer holiday”） celebration：庆祝（如 “a celebration party”） gift：礼物（如 “give a gift”） decorate：装饰（如 “decorate a Christmas tree”） gather：聚集（如 “gather with family”） 十七、情感态度延伸类：捕捉 “复杂情绪” 这类词汇聚焦更细腻、多层次的情感表达，是近年高考完形填空的趋势考点，需区分情感的强度、指向及语境适配性，避免 “一刀切” 理解。 1. 正向情感进阶 delighted：欣喜的（因期待达成，如 “delighted with the result”） thrilled：极度兴奋的（比 “excited” 强烈，如 “thrilled to win the prize”） grateful：感激的（侧重 “因帮助而感恩”，如 “grateful for your support”） proud：自豪的（因自身 / 他人成就，如 “proud of his progress”） content：满足的（因 “足够” 而非 “完美”，如 “content with a simple life”） 辨析：“delighted” 侧重 “短期事件带来的喜悦”，“content” 侧重 “长期状态的满足”，如 “She was delighted to receive the gift, and content with her peaceful life”（收到礼物她很欣喜，也对平静生活感到满足）。 2. 负向情感细化 frustrated：沮丧的（因 “努力受阻”，如 “frustrated by repeated failures”） annoyed：恼怒的（因 “小事打扰”，如 “annoyed by the noise”） desperate：绝望的（因 “无解决方案”，如 “desperate for help”） guilty：愧疚的（因 “做错事”，如 “guilty about lying”） embarrassed：尴尬的（因 “失态或出糗”，如 “embarrassed by his mistake”） 3. 中性情感深化 curious：好奇的（对 “未知事物”，如 “curious about the new technology”） confused：困惑的（因 “信息混乱”，如 “confused by the instructions”） cautious：谨慎的（因 “潜在风险”，如 “cautious about making decisions”） indifferent：冷漠的（对 “事物无兴趣”，如 “indifferent to fame”） surprised：惊讶的（因 “意外发生”，如 “surprised by the sudden visit”） 十八、事件发展类：梳理 “逻辑链条” 此类词汇围绕事件的 “发生---发展---高潮---结局” 全流程，是记叙文类完形填空的 “骨架词汇”，需结合事件节奏判断词汇的先后逻辑与场景适配性。 1. 事件发生与开端 happen：发生（泛指，无被动，如 “an accident happened”） occur：发生（较正式，如 “a good idea occurred to him”） take place：发生（有计划的事件，如 “the meeting took place”） start：开始（泛指，如 “start a project”） begin：开始（与 “start” 近义，如 “begin to rain”） launch：发起（正式项目，如 “launch a campaign”） 辨析：“happen”“occur” 侧重 “偶然发生”，“take place” 侧重 “有组织的事件”，如 “A car accident happened on the road, while the charity event took place as planned”（路上发生了车祸，而慈善活动按计划举行）。 2. 事件发展与推进 develop：发展（如 “develop a story”） progress：进展（如 “the work progressed smoothly”） continue：继续（如 “continue to work”） expand：扩大（范围，如 “expand the business”） deepen：加深（程度，如 “deepen the understanding”） promote：推动（进程，如 “promote the cooperation”） 3. 事件转折与结局 change：转变（方向，如 “the situation changed suddenly”） shift：转变（侧重 “轻微调整”，如 “shift the focus”） turn：转向（如 “the tide turned”） end：结束（泛指，如 “the party ended at 10”） finish：完成（任务，如 “finish the work”） conclude：结束（正式，如 “the meeting concluded with a speech”） 十九、文化与习俗类：适配 “跨文化语境” 这类词汇针对高考中偶尔出现的文化差异、传统习俗等场景，虽不高频但易成为 “拉分点”，需了解基础文化背景，避免因文化盲区导致理解偏差。 1. 传统习俗相关 custom：习俗（特定群体，如 “local customs”） tradition：传统（代代相传，如 “family traditions”） ritual：仪式（宗教 / 文化，如 “wedding rituals”） festival：节日（文化专属，如 “the Mid-Autumn Festival”） celebration：庆祝（习俗活动，如 “harvest celebrations”） 例句：“In many countries, it's a tradition to exchange gifts during Christmas, and this custom has been passed down for centuries”（在许多国家，圣诞节交换礼物是传统，这一习俗已传承数百年）。 2. 文化符号相关 symbol：象征（如 “the dragon is a symbol of power in Chinese culture”） sign：标志（如 “traffic signs”） icon：偶像；象征（文化符号，如 “a cultural icon”） logo：标识（品牌 / 组织，如 “the company's logo”） emblem：徽章（官方象征，如 “national emblem”） 辨析：“symbol” 侧重 “抽象象征意义”，“sign” 侧重 “具体指示标志”，如 “The red rose is a symbol of love, while the 'no smoking' sign reminds people not to smoke”（红玫瑰是爱的象征，而 “禁止吸烟” 标志提醒人们不要吸烟）。 3. 跨文化交际相关 etiquette：礼仪（社交规范，如 “dining etiquette”） manners：礼貌（日常行为，如 “good manners”） respect：尊重（文化差异，如 “respect different cultures”） adapt：适应（文化环境，如 “adapt to a new culture”） communicate：交流（跨文化，如 “cross-cultural communication”） 真题例句：“When traveling abroad, it's important to learn about local etiquette and manners to show respect for the local culture”（出国旅行时，了解当地礼仪和礼貌规范以尊重当地文化很重要）。 二十、功能场景类：适配 “实用语境” 这类词汇聚焦教育、职场、服务等高频功能场景，是完形填空 “场景化解题” 的关键，需结合场景特征记忆词汇的搭配与用法，避免脱离语境误用。 1. 教育场景 teach：教（泛指，如 “teach English”） learn：学习（如 “learn a language”） study：学习（侧重 “系统钻研”，如 “study math”） attend：就读（如 “attend a university”） graduate：毕业（如 “graduate from college”） major：主修（如 “major in history”） lecture：讲座（如 “attend a lecture”） seminar：研讨会（如 “a research seminar”） 辨析：“learn” 侧重 “获取知识的结果”，“study” 侧重 “学习的过程”，如 “She learns quickly and studies hard every day”（她学得快，且每天努力学习）；“lecture” 侧重 “单向讲解”，“seminar” 侧重 “互动讨论”，如 “The professor gave a lecture first, then led a seminar on the topic”（教授先做了讲座，接着就该主题组织了研讨会）。 2. 职场场景 work：工作（泛指，如 “work in a company”） job：工作（具体职位，如 “find a job”） career：职业生涯（长期规划，如 “build a career”） interview：面试（如 “a job interview”） hire：雇佣（如 “hire a new employee”） fire：解雇（如 “be fired for being late”） promote：晋升（如 “promote to manager”） resign：辞职（如 “resign from the position”） 3. 服务场景 serve：服务（如 “serve customers”） help：帮助（如 “help with a problem”） assist：协助（较正式，如 “assist the manager”） support：支持（如 “support the customer's needs”） provide：提供（如 “provide service”） offer：提供（如 “offer help”） complain：投诉（如 “complain about the service”） satisfy：满足（如 “satisfy the customer”） 二十一、状态描述进阶类：细化 “特征与状态” 这类词汇聚焦事物的属性特征与人物的动态状态，是完形填空 “细节理解” 的核心，需区分词汇的程度、范围与情感倾向，避免模糊理解。 1. 事物特征 big：大的（泛指，如 “a big house”） large：大的（侧重 “面积 / 数量”，如 “a large population”） huge：巨大的（程度强于 “big/large”，如 “a huge mountain”） small：小的（泛指，如 “a small box”） tiny：极小的（程度强于 “small”，如 “a tiny insect”） long：长的（如 “a long road”） short：短的（如 “a short time”） wide：宽的（如 “a wide river”） narrow：窄的（如 “a narrow street”） 辨析：“big” 可形容具体事物或抽象概念（“a big mistake”），“large” 更侧重客观尺寸（“a large room”），“huge” 强调 “超出常规的大”（“a huge success”）；如 “She lives in a big house with a large garden, and there's a huge tree in the center of the garden”（她住在一栋带大花园的房子里，花园中央有一棵参天大树）。 2. 人物状态 healthy：健康的（身体状态，如 “keep healthy”） sick：生病的（如 “be sick in bed”） weak：虚弱的（如 “feel weak after illness”） strong：强壮的（如 “a strong body”） tired：疲惫的（如 “be tired from work”） energetic：精力充沛的（如 “feel energetic in the morning”） busy：忙碌的（如 “be busy with work”） free：空闲的（如 “be free on weekends”） 3. 环境状态 clean：干净的（如 “a clean room”） dirty：脏的（如 “dirty clothes”） tidy：整洁的（如 “a tidy desk”） messy：凌乱的（如 “a messy room”） quiet：安静的（如 “a quiet park”） noisy：吵闹的（如 “a noisy street”） safe：安全的（如 “a safe place”） dangerous：危险的（如 “a dangerous road”） 二十二、逻辑连接补充类：强化 “隐含逻辑” 这类词汇虽不直接标注逻辑关系，但隐含因果、转折、递进等逻辑，是完形填空 “深层理解” 的难点，需结合上下文挖掘其背后的逻辑关联。 1. 隐含因果 lead to：导致（结果，如 “lead to success”） result in：导致（如 “result in failure”） result from：由… 引起（原因，如 “result from carelessness”） cause：导致（如 “cause an accident”） because of：因为（如 “because of the rain”） due to：由于（如 “due to illness”） 辨析：“lead to”“result in”“cause” 均表 “前因后果”，主语为原因，宾语为结果；“result from” 表 “前果后因”，主语为结果，宾语为原因；如 “Carelessness caused the mistake, which led to a big loss; the loss resulted from his lack of attention”（粗心导致了错误，错误又引发了重大损失；这一损失源于他的疏忽）。 2. 隐含转折 instead of：而不是（如 “instead of staying home”） rather than：而不是（如 “rather than give up”） in spite of：尽管（如 “in spite of the difficulty”） despite：尽管（如 “despite the rain”） though：尽管（可放句末，如 “hard though it is”） 例句：“In spite of the heavy rain, he went out to help his neighbor instead of staying at home; though he got wet, he felt happy”（尽管下着大雨，他还是出门帮邻居，而不是待在家里；虽然淋湿了，但他很开心）。 3. 隐含递进 even more：甚至更（如 “even more important”） what's worse：更糟糕的是（如 “what's worse, he was late”） besides that：除此之外（如 “besides that, he also helped”） in addition：此外（如 “in addition, we need to prepare”） moreover：此外（较正式，如 “moreover, it's good for health”） 二十三、情感态度深化类：捕捉 “细腻情感” 这类词汇聚焦更复杂、更微妙的情感表达，是近年高考完形填空 “情感线索题” 的核心，需结合上下文判断情感的指向、强度与隐含态度，避免表层理解。 1. 正向情感细化 overjoyed：狂喜的（比 “delighted” 强烈，如 “overjoyed at the news”） relieved：释然的（因担忧消除，如 “relieved to hear the good result”） proud：自豪的（因自身 / 他人成就，如 “proud of her progress”） contented：满足的（因 “需求得到充分满足”，如 “contented with her simple life”） grateful：感激的（侧重 “因帮助而心怀感恩”，如 “grateful for your timely help”） 辨析：“overjoyed” 侧重 “超出预期的极度喜悦”，“relieved” 侧重 “紧张后的放松”，如 “She was overjoyed when she got the admission letter, and relieved that all her hard work paid off”（收到录取通知书时她狂喜不已，也因所有努力有了回报而倍感释然）。 2. 负向情感进阶 devastated：崩溃的（因重大打击，如 “devastated by the loss of her family”） annoyed：恼怒的（因 “反复打扰”，如 “annoyed by his constant complaints”） guilty：愧疚的（因 “过错或疏忽”，如 “guilty about forgetting her birthday”） frustrated：沮丧的（因 “努力受阻”，如 “frustrated by repeated failures”） embarrassed：尴尬的（因 “失态或出糗”，如 “embarrassed by her mistake in public”） 3. 中性情感拓展 curious：好奇的（对 “未知事物的探索欲”，如 “curious about how the machine works”） confused：困惑的（因 “信息混乱或逻辑不清”，如 “confused by the complex instructions”） cautious：谨慎的（因 “潜在风险”，如 “cautious about making hasty decisions”） indifferent：冷漠的（对 “事物无兴趣或不在意”，如 “indifferent to fame and wealth”） surprised：惊讶的（因 “意外发生”，如 “surprised by his sudden appearance”） 二十四、动作结果类：关联 “动作与影响” 这类词汇聚焦动作与其产生的结果、影响，是完形填空 “动作逻辑题” 的关键，需明确动作的目的、过程与最终结果的关联，避免脱离结果孤立理解动作。 1. 动作与积极结果 achieve：实现（目标，如 “achieve one's dream”） succeed：成功（如 “succeed in doing the task”） gain：获得（利益、知识，如 “gain experience”） obtain：取得（正式，如 “obtain a certificate”） accomplish：完成（任务，如 “accomplish the project”） 辨析：“achieve” 侧重 “长期努力后实现目标”，“succeed” 侧重 “达成预期结果”，“gain” 侧重 “通过努力获得具体事物”，如 “After years of hard work, she achieved her dream of becoming a doctor, succeeded in passing all the difficult exams, and gained valuable clinical experience”（经过多年努力，她实现了成为医生的梦想，成功通过所有难度极高的考试，也获得了宝贵的临床经验）。 2. 动作与消极结果 fail：失败（如 “fail to finish the work”） lose：失去（如 “lose the opportunity”） damage：损坏（如 “damage the equipment”） destroy：摧毁（彻底破坏，如 “destroy the old building”） waste：浪费（时间、资源，如 “waste time on games”） 例句：“He failed to take the important document, so he lost the chance to sign the contract; what's worse, he accidentally damaged the printer when he hurried back to get it, which wasted more time”（他忘了带重要文件，错失了签合同的机会；更糟的是，匆忙回去取文件时还不小心弄坏了打印机，浪费了更多时间）。 3. 动作与中性结果 complete：完成（任务，如 “complete the homework”） finish：结束（如 “finish the meeting”） reach：达到（目标、数量，如 “reach the destination”） attain：获得（较正式，如 “attain a high level of skill”） produce：产生（结果、产品，如 “produce good results”） 真题搭配：“They worked day and night to complete the project, and finally finished it ahead of schedule; their efforts produced excellent results, helping the company reach its annual target”（他们日夜奋战完成项目，最终提前竣工；努力带来了出色成果，助力公司达成年度目标）。 二十五、特殊场景延伸类：覆盖 “小众高频场景” 这类词汇针对高考中偶尔出现的艺术、科技、体育等小众场景，虽出现频率较低，但一旦涉及便是 “拉分题”，需提前储备核心词汇，避免因场景陌生导致理解偏差。 1. 艺术场景 create：创作（如 “create a painting”） design：设计（如 “design a costume”） paint：绘画（如 “paint a landscape”） draw：画画（如 “draw a sketch”） perform：表演（如 “perform a play”） appreciate：欣赏（如 “appreciate a piece of music”） exhibit：展览（如 “exhibit the artworks”） 例句：“The artist spent three months creating the painting, which he designed to show the beauty of nature; he later performed a live painting show and exhibited his works in the local gallery, allowing more people to appreciate his art”（这位艺术家花了三个月创作这幅画，他的设计初衷是展现自然之美；之后他举办了现场绘画表演，并在当地画廊展出作品，让更多人欣赏到他的艺术）。 2. 科技场景 invent：发明（如 “invent a new machine”） develop：研发（如 “develop new technology”） innovate：创新（如 “innovate in the field of AI”） operate：操作（如 “operate the computer”） update：更新（如 “update the software”） access：获取（信息，如 “access the internet”） apply：应用（如 “apply technology to daily life”） 辨析：“invent” 侧重 “创造全新事物”，“develop” 侧重 “在已有基础上改进”，“innovate” 侧重 “提出新方法 / 理念”，如 “Scientists invented the first computer, then developed more advanced models, and continued to innovate to make them smaller and more powerful”（科学家发明了第一台电脑，之后研发出更先进的型号，并不断创新让电脑体积更小、性能更强）。 3. 体育场景 compete：竞争（如 “compete in the race”） win：赢得（如 “win the championship”） lose：输掉（如 “lose the game”） score：得分（如 “score a goal”） train：训练（如 “train hard for the match”） coach：指导（如 “coach the team”） participate：参与（如 “participate in the sports meeting”） 真题例句：“The team trained hard for half a year to compete in the national competition; their coach encouraged them to stay focused, and finally they scored the winning goal in the last minute to win the championship”（这支队伍为参加全国比赛刻苦训练了半年；教练鼓励他们保持专注，最终他们在最后一分钟踢进制胜球，赢得了冠军）。 一、用所给词的适当形式或根据句意填空 1．Found in 2007, walls of the ruins and the surrounding water conservation system combined to display a massive infrastructure base, construction of which is estimated (take) 4,000 people a decade to accomplish. 2． (real) that they had lagged behind, Tom and Harry started to quicken their pace. 3． (expect) as she had appeared, not one of them felt that she was an intruder at all. 4．He suddenly appeared in class one day,   _____   (wear) sun glasses. 5．My plan for the activity was turned , which made me sad. 6．The thief went the train after me and stole my bag. 7．I was angry that my car was stuck the water and got damaged. 8．People in the south of China struggled the great floods. 9．It is wrong of you to treat your new classmates (cruel) . 10．You’ll need to complete three written (assign) per semester. 11．If the earth (stop) spinning someday in the future, we would not have the change of day and night. 12．Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the (belong). 13．If I (take) your advice, I could have passed the driving test. 14．He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, nor did he give to any difficulty. 15．When working for someone, you may not have the power to turn a project. 16．The boy is not really reading, just turning the pages. 17．Some famous Chinese artists will turn and perform at the exhibition. 18．The father is trying his best to prevent his son from abandoning (he) to the Internet. 19．The young man abandoned himself to (drink) all day because of his failure. 20．When he joined the club, he felt a sense of (belong). 21．Some of the stamps belong me, while the rest are his and hers. 22．They made a resolution (lose) all the weight gained during the Christmas holidays. 23．I’m writing to apply to join it, thinking that I’m well qualified the job. 24．She gained her (qualify) for the Olympic gymnastic competition. 25．Race walkers are conditioned athletes, because they’re (qualify) for the marathon. 26．The Student Union is organizing many physical activities, because health is associated exercise. 27．All the drawers stuffed letters and papers but she finally found them useless. 28．Mr. Bean constantly gets into awkward and absurd situations, which greatly amuses audiences regardless their nationalities and culture. 29．The medical team consisting three doctors and seven nurses, was ready to help those trapped. 30．The butcher sliced a thick steak and gave it to the poor lady. 31．Prior taking a working holiday abroad, you will need to do a number of things. 32． the time the night fell, Bernard had sold out all the popcorn. 33．The electricity industry consumes large amounts fossil fuels every day. 34．I think Mr. Smith is the (ideally) person to do this job. 35．Even if you’re taking a fishing trip, you’re burning more (calorie) than you’ll burn sitting indoors. 36．It’s not right to play (trick) on your teacher in public. 37．The researchers reported that long-term (expose) to air pollution can affect a person’s mental abilities. 38．Learning that you have large (quantity) of experience in playing basketball, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to join our basketball club. 39．The study shows that there is a close (associate) between smog and lung cancer. 40． (surprise) and happy, he stood up and accepted the prize. 二、语篇填空 1 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Buying tickets for museums easily may become a history. Nowadays, people feel it hard 41 (get) tickets for many museums during the tourist high seasons. According to data from the travel reservation site Ctrip.com, museum ticket bookings 42 (grow) 75 percent since 2019. One of the reasons is a growing interest 43 museums raised by popular TV shows on cultural heritage. Taking National Treasure for example, the program was 44 (wild) popular as soon as it was shown in December 2017 on the China Central Television. The show is 45 wonderful combination (结合) of knowledge and entertainment. Many museums have issued archaeological blind 46 (box), through which people can dig cultural relics as an archaeologist. The idea attracted many young people 47 most are sold out every day. Another happiness that museum-goers can experience is through ice cream bars in the shape of cultural relics, 48 has won over many younger-generation customers. Many historical sites have also introduced creative food and products to expand 49 (they) cultural reach. The public’s increasing love for museums reflects cultural self-confidence. Only by 50 (understand) the past can we better create the future. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hidden in the mountains of China’s Guizhou Province 51 (be) many small villages populated by Miao, Dong and other minority groups. These ethnic groups have unique, centuries-old 52 (tradition), including festivals, songs and dances. However, with the rapid social changes and urbanization in recent years, they are under severe threat and in some cases face extinction. With fund from the government, a project was launched in 2009, which involved 16 counties and focused on building capacity, 53 (improve) public facilities and protecting cultural heritage. To promote more 54 (effect) use of the investment, villagers were involved in 55 entire process of project selection and design. Li Zhengxue is one of the villagers 56 have benefited from the project. Li’s old house was built in 1957. It had no running water or a private toilet. With fund from the project, he built a new two-storied wooden house which is not only equipped with modern facilities, 57 can also serve as a homestay for tourists. “The distribution of fund was a joint decision. We held a village meeting 58 (inform) all villagers. Applications were reviewed by elected representatives of villagers, and the result was displayed 59 (public) for five days,” explained Li Shengsheng, head of Ganrong Village. “Priority was given to the poorer families.” “The project has raised local communities’ awareness of their own cultural heritage, promoted their sense of pride and confidence, and served as an encouragement for 60 (it) protection and preservation,” said Li Guang, director of the Guizhou Project Management Office. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since the pre-Qin period, Chengdu 61 (be) an important cultural town in China. But 62 really sets the city apart, culturally, is its opera. An important aspect of Sichuan Opera is 63 magic of “face changing” where vividly coloured masks are changed within the blink of an eye. In opera gardens and tea houses across the town, audiences 64 (want) a glimpse of the local culture love to drink tea while listening to Sichuan Opera and watching face changing. It is believed that “face changing” has its roots in evolution. Early humans needed 65 (survive) strategies to avoid fierce animals and foreign enemies. Often, aggressive facial gestures 66 non-verbal cues were part of it. The Sichuan Opera is said 67 (bring) this range of emotions on stage. Once the performance starts, the actor keeps pulling down one mask after 68 in swift movements to convey different emotions. 69 (astonish), no matter how close one is to the stage, they just can’t tell how the masks change. In fact, the different characters and personalities 70 Sichuan Opera shows can be found in our daily life. This is why its emotions will continue to have a lasting impact on people for a long time. 4 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yang Zhenning, one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025, at the age of 103. His life journey, 71 spanned two centuries, was closely tied to the progress of science and his motherland. In 1957, at 35, Yang became one of the first Chinese to win 72 Nobel Prize in Physics, together with Li Zhengdao. Their 73 (discover) of parity non-conservation in weak interactions brought a great liberation to human understanding of physics. Even more influential is his “Yang-Mills gauge theory” proposed in 1954, 74 (regard) as a cornerstone of modern physics comparable to Maxwell’s equations. Though living abroad for 75 (decade), Yang always had a deep affection for China. In 1971, he seized the first chance to return to his motherland after 26 years of separation. Deeply moved by China’s achievements in self-reliant development, he became a bridge for Sino-US academic exchanges, inspiring numerous overseas scholars 76 (visit) China. At 75, Yang joined Tsinghua University and 77 (initiate) the High Energy Physics Research Center. He donated his savings, raised funds, and even taught basic physics to freshmen in his 80s. 78 impressed people most was his adherence to “academics first” — in his center, only lasting academic achievements mattered. A towering figure in modern science, Yang made groundbreaking contributions to particle physics, field theory, statistical mechanics, and condensed matter physics, reshaping humanity’s understanding of the physical world. Devoted 79 his homeland, he also played a vital role in advancing China’s 80 (science) research and education 三、完形填空 1 At 44, I never thought I’d dive headfirst — literally — into learning to swim. Yet, here I was. I showed up for my first lesson, feeling 81 in my son’s old goggles (泳镜) and a bathing suit more suitable for hanging around. It turned out that the coach and my classmates were 82 . They told me by breaking the process down into 83 steps: first floating, then gliding, then kicking. By the end of my first class, I had not only learned the basics but also 84 something else: the beauty of the water. It was the first time for me to 85 the length of the pool. In the process, the sense of 86 was beyond words. With every cheer from my coach and classmates, I 87 that I wasn’t just learning to swim — I was proving to myself that I could face a lifelong fear and come out 88 . Long after the lesson ended, that feeling 89 me. I found myself 90 replaying it in my head: the cool water wrapping me, my arms and legs moving in a rhythm (节奏) I’d never thought I’d master, and the 91 I felt when I finally touched the opposite wall. For years, I’d 92 pools — even beach trips — because the fear of not knowing how to swim made me feel small, like I was 93 something everyone else took for granted. But that day, my life was 94 . So, to other adults hesitant to try something new, my advice is to start small. Begin in the shallow end and take it one step at a time — you just might give yourself a 95 . 81．A．proud B．inspired C．awkward D．bored 82．A．relaxed B．demanding C．cheerful D．supportive 83．A．familiar B．changeable C．necessary D．manageable 84．A．discovered B．investigated C．selected D．anticipated 85．A．record B．cover C．measure D．forget 86．A．belonging B．responsibility C．urgency D．accomplishment 87．A．insisted B．realized C．imagined D．signaled 88．A．quieter B．healthier C．stronger D．younger 89．A．protected B．stopped C．disturbed D．seized 90．A．randomly B．eventually C．constantly D．temporarily 91．A．relief B．freedom C．tiredness D．curiosity 92．A．avoided B．designed C．stressed D．explored 93．A．going through B．missing out on C．setting down D．making up for 94．A．scheduled B．transformed C．exposed D．mirrored 95．A．goal B．choice C．surprise D．promise 2 I often heard about people who became fluent in French within three months of moving to Paris. I 96 I’d do the same. But two years after arriving in Paris, I was 97 . I could get by, but I was still speaking English. Then, one day, I came across Le Bar Commun — a volunteer-run bar in the neighbourhood. I volunteered to work some 98 pulling pints and assembling cheese plates. The first nights were terrifying. There were so many nouns I hadn’t yet 99 , most to do with cleaning. When such items were 100 , I’d run into the kitchen to “check” if we had them, putting the words into Google Translate before dashing back out with my 101 . Slowly, my language skills improved, and eventually I stopped 102 from customers in the kitchen. When I was first asked to 103 a manager shift, I turned it down for lack of 104 , but my colleagues didn’t give up on me. I was soon running the show for three hours on Wednesday night, walking home with a warm sense of 105 . The most important thing I learned at the bar was to stop my habit of constantly 106 for my French. The customers 107 me as I was, which let me accept myself and 108 . It’s been a long time since I’ve put in a shift at Le Bar Commun. I moved away and life became 109 — I began working for French employers and joining a community gardening group. None of it would have been 110 without those nights spent behind the bar. 96．A．suspected B．assumed C．acknowledged D．demanded 97．A．struggling B．celebrating C．moving D．dreaming 98．A．wonders B．plans C．problems D．shifts 99．A．forgotten B．quoted C．encountered D．explained 100．A．requested B．promoted C．purchased D．consumed 101．A．payment B．response C．permission D．guidance 102．A．learning B．benefiting C．suffering D．hiding 103．A．stick to B．make out C．take on D．hand over 104．A．challenge B．confidence C．support D．safety 105．A．guilt B．tiredness C．satisfaction D．regret 106．A．apologizing B．complaining C．joking D．bothering 107．A．pardoned B．convinced C．accepted D．shaped 108．A．progress B．escape C．reflect D．wander 109．A．tough B．busy C．boring D．calm 110．A．risky B．complex C．intense D．possible 3 Most of us think of electricity only when something goes wrong. A storm 111 the power out, or there’s a short in the wiring, or the monthly bill is unexpectedly high. Normally, we switch on, the juice flows, and we think nothing of it. According to the International Energy Agency, rising overall demand for electricity is outstripping (超过) the world’s efforts to improve efficiency and boost renewables. The fact is, economic development will inevitably require greater 112 of electricity. It is increasingly clear that nuclear power plants must play an important role in this equation (制衡关系). Nuclear power is, in many ways, the most promising source of zero-carbon electricity. Unlike solar, wind and water power, electricity from nuclear plants is 113 . Generators keep running when the sun is not shining, the wind is not blowing and water levels are low. Nevertheless, the industry has an uncertain and dangerous 114 . Take the United States as an example. There are fewer commercial reactors (商用核反应堆) in 115 today in the country than there were a generation ago. This year could see three commercial reactors 116 . There are plans to shut down about 20 more over the coming years. The problem is a misunderstanding of 117 . Humans are constantly exposed to radiation — from the sun, from the universe, from the very ground we walk on. The alarming near-meltdown at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island plant in 1979 118 exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive from having a single X-ray. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is one of a growing number of 119 who believe that cheaper, smaller reactors must play a significant part in the post-carbon energy mix. His company Terra Power has announced plans to build a next-generation nuclear reactor at the site of a former coal-fired power plant in Wyoming. The goal is to prove that nuclear power can be 120 to the grid (输电网) at a competitive price and on a reasonable timeline. I’m an optimistic supporter of renewable energy sources. I’m also a (n) 121 student of the various impediments (阻碍) to the growth of these sources. I agree with Gates that the surest path to net-zero carbon emissions is one that 122 every non-carbon energy source, including nuclear power. The model to have in mind is not the hulking plant like Chernobyl. Instead, let’s consider the small, reliable reactors that have 123 the United States’ submarines and aircraft carriers. In 50-plus years of cruising, they have had no 124 . Carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases are the environmental challenge of our age. Nuclear power is one tool for 125 ourselves of them — while keeping the lights on. 111．A．breaks B．knocks C．moves D．sends 112．A．costs B．benefit C．qualities D．supplies 113．A．affordable B．movable C．predictable D．variable 114．A．impact B．potential C．reputation D．tendency 115．A．operation B．demand C．charge D．preparation 116．A．rebuilt B．refunded C．restored D．retired 117．A．instructions B．policies C．risks D．tasks 118．A．ultimately B．exceedingly C．critically D．privately 119．A．employers B．investors C．operators D．researchers 120．A．added B．compared C．exposed D．returned 121．A．idealistic B．ignorant C．primitive D．realistic 122．A．monitors B．fascinates C．maximizes D．composes 123．A．assembled B．powered C．developed D．resembled 124．A．accident B．function C．improvement D．performance 125．A．accusing B．ridding C．reminding D．warning 4 Is Animal Testing Defensible?YES Important differences between humans and animals mean animal testing is ethical (合乎道德的) if done properly. In fact, the benefits of conducting animal testing are so great that it would be wrong not to do it. Animals aren’t like people. With the possible 126 of higher mammals (哺乳动物), animals aren’t self-aware, don’t 127 consciousness or experience feelings like people do. That’s why it’s 128 when lions eat zebras, mantises kill their mates or when scientists use mice to test medicines. 129 any unnecessary suffering should be avoided. That’s why laws like the Animal Welfare Act strictly govern the treatment of the 26 million animals used in testing every year in the U. S. Nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has involved animal testing. Nothing can 130 the research value of using a living test subject. Would it be ethical to keep back 131 life-saving medicine from billions of people because 132 it would require animal testing? Scientific facts save us from making poor decisions 133 on the beliefs that animals behave like humans. The benefits of strictly regulated animal testing, however, are undeniable. Future generations will be thankful for the advantages they’ll enjoy as a result of animal testing today.NO “Ethical animal experimentation” is a 134 in terms. And even if it weren’t, the unnecessary suffering caused by this 135 regulated industry would still be unacceptable. Humans are member of the animal kingdom. Non-human animals also feel emotions such as joy, sadness and fear, just like humans do. Behaving as if people are more important than other animals is speciesism and no 136 for cruelty or exploitation. In the U.S. alone, chemical, drug, food and cosmetics experiments kill over 100 million animals every year! The Animal Welfare Act, meant to protect animals, does not 137 rats, mice, fish and birds, which account for about 95 percent of research animals. This enables what could be considered the torture of millions of animals. The benefits of animal experimentation are often 138 . Very little hard evidence has been linked to its supposed benefits upon closer 139 . On rare occasions when it has, the knowledge gained could have been obtained without the use of animals. Scientists have other avenues to obtain necessary data, two of which are lab-grown tissue and computer modeling. When future generations look back on the unnecessary way people treated research animals and for so little benefit — they’ll be 140 . 126．A．evolution B．exception C．reaction D．stimulation 127．A．recover B．raise C．possess D．contain 128．A．acceptable B．approachable C．available D．agreeable 129．A．Contrarily B．Instead C．Accordingly D．Regardless 130．A．replace B．deserve C．analyse D．restrict 131．A．optimistically B．potentially C．apparently D．physically 132．A．developing B．submitting C．preserving D．reforming 133．A．acted B．concentrated C．reflected D．based 134．A．contradiction B．qualification C．discrimination D．confusion 135．A．strictly B．randomly C．poorly D．emotionally 136．A．demand B．excuse C．guarantee D．doubt 137．A．relate to B．prefer to C．attach to D．apply to 138．A．overstated B．underestimated C．undervalued D．overloaded 139．A．discussion B．cooperation C．competition D．inspection 140．A．grateful B．horrified C．generous D．flexible 参考答案 一、 1．to have taken 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2007年发现，废墟的墙壁和周围的水保护系统结合在一起，展示了一个庞大的基础设施基础，估计其建造需要4000人花费十年的时间才能完成。be estimated to do为固定短语，意为“估计做某事”，take发生在estimate之前，使用动词不定式的完成式。故填to have taken。 2．Having realized 【解析】考查非谓语的时态。句意：意识到他们已经落后了，汤姆和哈利开始加快他们的步伐。分析句子结构可知，前半句为非谓语作状语，主句主语与动词realize间存在主动关系，应使用现在分词形式；又分析句意可知，“意识”的动作先于加快步伐之前发生，所以应该使用非谓语动词的完成形式，故填having realized。 3．Unexpectedly 【解析】考查副词。句意：虽然她的出现出乎意料，但他们没有一个人觉得她是入侵者。分析句子结构可知，“______(expect) as she had appeared”是as引导的让步状语从句的倒装，as引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”，应用倒装，须将表语，状语或者动词原形提到as前面，其结构为“形容词/副词/（不带冠词的）名词/动词原形+as+主语+谓语”，根据句意可知，此处表示“出乎意料地”，应用副词unexpectedly，修饰动词appeared(出现)，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Unexpectedly。 4．wearing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一天他突然出现在课堂上，戴着太阳镜。作伴随状语，描述谓语动词appear的状态，表主动，用现在分词。故填wearing。 5．down 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我为这次活动制定的计划被否决了，这让我感到很沮丧。turn down表示“拒绝”，此处为被动形式。故填down。 6．aboard 【解析】考查介词。句意：小偷跟着我上了火车，偷走了我的包。go aboard是固定短语，意为“上船（飞机、火车等）”，aboard在此处作介词，符合句意，故填aboard。 7．in 【解析】考查介词。句意：我很生气，因为我的车被困在水里，损坏了。be stuck in是固定短语，意为“被困在……中”，in在此处作介词，符合句意，故填in。 8．against/with 【解析】考查介词。句意：中国南方的人们与大洪水作斗争。struggle against/with...是固定短语，意为“与……作斗争”，其中against或with为介词。故填against或with。 9．cruelly 【解析】考查副词。句意：你残忍地对待你的新同学是不对的。分析句子可知，此处需用副词修饰动词“treat”（对待），“cruel”的副词形式是“cruelly”，表示“残忍地、冷酷地”，符合语境。故填cruelly。 10．assignments 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：你每学期需要完成三份书面作业。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作宾语，assignment“作业”为可数名词；且three后接可数名词复数。故填assignments。 11．stopped 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果未来某一天地球停止自转，我们就不会有昼夜交替了。分析句子可知，句子描述的是与未来事实相反的假设，属于虚拟语气范畴；此类虚拟语气中，if引导的条件状语从句需用一般过去时表虚拟，stop的过去式为stopped，符合语法规则和语境。故填stopped。 12．belongings 【解析】考查名词。句意：通常违规者会在一天结束时出现，然后我会归还物品。本空作return的宾语，用名词belonging“所有物，财物”，常用复数形式。故填belongings。 13．had taken 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果当初我听了你的建议，我就能通过驾照考试了。对过去情况假设的虚拟语气，从句需用“had + 过去分词”，主句用 “could/would/should/might + have + 过去分词”。故填had taken。 14．in 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：他自幼便身患残疾，但他从未感到沮丧，也从未向任何困难屈服。短语give in to表示“屈服于”。故填in。 15．down 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：当你为某人工作时，你可能没有权力拒绝一个项目。turn down是固定短语，意为“拒绝”，符合句意，故填down。 16．over 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：这个男孩并不是真的在阅读，只是翻动书页。表示“翻动”用turn over，其中over为副词。故填over。 17．up 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：一些著名的中国艺术家将出席并在展览会上表演。turn up是固定短语，意为“出现；露面”，符合句意，故填up。 18．himself 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：这位父亲正尽力防止儿子沉迷于网络。abandon oneself to sth.是固定短语，意为“沉溺于某事”，主语是his son，本空用反身代词himself，作abandoning的宾语。故填himself。 19．drinking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于失败，这个年轻人整天沉溺于喝酒。abandon oneself to doing sth.是固定短语，意为“沉溺于做某事”，其中to是介词，本空用drink的动名词形式drinking，作宾语。故填drinking。 20．belonging 【解析】考查名词。句意：当他加入俱乐部时，他有一种归属感。本空作介词of的宾语，用名词形式belonging“附属品，附件，属性”，a sense of belonging“归属感”。故填belonging。 21．to 【解析】考查介词。句意：有些邮票是我的，其余的是他的和她的。表示“属于”用belong to，其中to为介词。故填to。 22．to lose 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们下定决心要减掉圣诞节期间增加的所有体重。make a resolution to do sth.是固定短语，意为“下定决心做某事”，lose应使用不定式形式to lose。故填to lose 23．for 【解析】考查介词。句意：我写信申请加入，认为我很适合这份工作。be qualified for是固定短语，意为“适合；有资格做某事”，for在此处作介词，符合句意，故填for。 24．qualification 【解析】考查名词。句意：她获得了参加奥运会体操比赛的资格。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作宾语，qualification，表示“获得的资格”，为可数名词，此处特指参加奥运比赛的资格，用单数形式即可，符合语境。故填qualification。 25．qualified 【解析】考查形容词。句意：赛跑运动员属于经过严格训练的运动员，因为他们具备参加马拉松比赛的资格。作表语，用形容词qualified。故填qualified。 26．with 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：学生会正在组织许多体育活动，因为健康与锻炼有关。此处为固定搭配be associated with，意为“与……相关，和……有联系”。故填with。 27．with 【解析】考查介词。句意：所有抽屉都塞满了信件和文件，但她最终发现它们都没用。动词stuff在表示“塞满”时，常与介词with搭配，构成短语be stuffed with，意思是“被……填满”，符合句意。 故填with。 28．of 【解析】考查介词。句意：憨豆先生总是会陷入各种尴尬和荒唐的境地，而这些情节无论对于何种国籍或文化背景的观众来说，都能带来极大的乐趣。短语regardless of表示“不管”。故填of。 29．of 【解析】考查介词。句意：这支医疗团队由三名医生和七名护士组成，他们已准备好为被困人员提供帮助。短语consist of表示“由……组成”。故填of。 30．off 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：屠夫切下了一块厚厚的牛排，递给了这位可怜的女士。slice off是固定短语，意为“切下，割下”。故填off。 31．to 【解析】考查介词。句意：在出国进行工作假期之前，你需要做一些事情。prior to是一个固定短语，意为“在……之前”。故填to。 32．By 【解析】考查介词。句意：到夜晚降临的时候，伯纳德已经卖完了所有的爆米花。by the time意为“到……时候为止”，是常用的引导时间状语从句的短语。故填By。 33．of 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：电力行业每天消耗大量的化石燃料。此处为固定搭配large amounts of，意为“大量的……”，用于修饰不可数名词fossil fuels，表示消耗的数量之大。故填of。 34．ideal 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我认为史密斯先生是做这份工作的理想人选。此处修饰名词“person”，需用形容词作定语；所给词“ideally”为副词，意为“理想地”，其形容词形式为ideal，意为“理想的”。故填ideal。 35．calories 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：即使你在进行一次钓鱼旅行，你燃烧的卡路里也比坐在室内时燃烧的要多。calorie“卡路里”，为可数名词，根据句意可知，此处应用其复数形式表示泛指。故填calories。 36．tricks 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：在公共场合捉弄你的老师是不对的。空处需用名词作play的宾语，trick表示“恶作剧，把戏”，是可数名词，play tricks on sb.为固定短语，表示“捉弄某人”，因此此处应用名词复数形式。故填tricks。 37．exposure 【解析】考查名词。句意：研究人员报告称，长期暴露在空气污染中会影响人的认知能力。此处位于形容词“long-term”之后，且作从句的主语，需用名词形式；所给词“expose”为动词，意为“暴露”，其名词形式为exposure，为不可数名词。故填exposure。 38．quantities 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：得知您在打篮球方面有着丰富的经验，我诚挚地邀请您加入我们的篮球俱乐部。所给词quantity为名词，意为“数量”；large quantities of，意为“大量的……”，修饰不可数名词experience，表示经验的丰富程度，所以此处使用quantity的复数形式quantities。故填quantities。 39．association 【解析】考查名词。句意：研究表明雾霾和肺癌之间存在密切关联。此处位于形容词“close”之后，且作there be句型的主语，需用名词形式；所给词“associate”为动词，意为“联系、联想”，其名词形式为association，意为“关联、联系”，为可数名词，结合不定冠词“a”可知，此处用单数形式。故填association。 40．Surprised 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他又惊讶又高兴，站起来接受了奖品。空处和happy并列作状语，需用形容词，此处表示人的感受，用ed结尾的形容词surprised，意为“感到惊讶的”。句首单词首字母大写，故填Surprised。 二、 1 41．to get 42．have grown 43．in 44．wildly 45．a 46．boxes 47．and/so 48．which 49．their 50．understanding 【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要阐述旅游季越来越多人选择走进博物馆这一现象，并分析了背后的原因。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，在旅游旺季，人们很难买到许多博物馆的门票。分析句子结构可知，这里考查“feel it + 形容词 + to do sth.”，为固定结构，it作形式宾语，真正宾语是动词不定式，应用to get。故填to get。 42．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：根据旅游预订网站携程的数据，自2019年以来，博物馆门票预订量增长了75%。此空考查谓语动词，主语museum ticket bookings与grow为主动关系，根据时间状语since 2019可知，这里应用现在完成时；主语museum ticket bookings为复数形式。故填have grown。 43．考查介词。句意：原因之一是，热门文化遗产类电视节目激发了人们对博物馆日益增长的兴趣。这里考查“interest in...”，为固定搭配，意为“对……的兴趣”。故填in。 44．考查副词。句意：以《国家宝藏》为例，该节目于2017年12月在中央电视台播出后，迅速走红。所填空修饰形容词popular，需用形容词wild的副词形式wildly，表“极其”，符合语境。故填wildly。 45．考查冠词。句意：这个节目是知识与娱乐的完美结合。这里泛指“一种结合”，且wonderful以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 46．考查名词复数。句意：许多博物馆推出了考古盲盒，人们可以通过盲盒像考古学家一样挖掘文物。box，表“盒子”，是可数名词，结合“many”（许多博物馆推出，暗示盲盒数量多）可知，应用复数形式boxes。故填boxes。 47．考查连词。句意：这个创意吸引了许多年轻人，因此考古盲盒产品每天就被卖光。根据句意可知，上下文可理解为顺承或因果关系，可用并列连词and或者so连接。故填and/so。 48．考查定语从句。句意：博物馆参观者可以体验到的另一种快乐是通过文物形状的冰淇淋吧，这赢得了许多年轻一代的顾客。所填空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 49．考查代词。句意：许多历史遗址也推出了创意食品和产品，以扩大其文化影响力。所填空修饰名词cultural reach，需用人称代词主格they的形容词性物主代词形式their。故填their。 50．考查非谓语动词。句意：只有了解过去，我们才能更好地创造未来。by为介词，后接动名词作宾语，应用understand的动名词形式understanding。故填understanding。 2 51．are 52．traditions 53．improving 54．effective 55．the 56．who/that 57．but 58．to inform 59．publicly 60．its 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一个扶贫项目的成功经验：把少数民族文化遗产的保护与发展旅游有机结合起来。 51．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在中国贵州省的群山中，隐藏着许多居住着苗族、侗族和其他少数民族的小村庄。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，句子是倒装句，主语是many small villages，是复数，因此空格处用are，故填are。 52．考查名词的复数。句意：这些民族有独特的、历史悠久的传统，包括节日、歌曲和舞蹈。tradition是可数名词，不止一个，因此用复数，故填traditions。 53．考查动名词。句意：在政府的资助下，2009年启动了一个项目，涉及16个县，重点是能力建设，改善公共设施和保护文化遗产。空格处和building，protecting是并列关系，因此用动名词作宾语，故填improving。 54．考查形容词。句意：为了促进投资的有效利用，村民参与了项目选择和设计的整个过程。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词use，effect的形容词是effective，意为“有效的”，故填effective。 55．考查定冠词。句意：为了促进投资的有效利用，村民参与了项目选择和设计的整个过程。空格处用定冠词特指项目选择和设计的整个过程，故填the。 56．考查定语从句。句意：Li Zhengxue是从这个项目中受益的村民之一。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词villagers是人，因此空格处用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 57．考查固定搭配。句意：利用项目的资金，他建造了一座新的两层木屋，不仅配备了现代化的设施，而且还可以作为游客的寄宿家庭。not only...but also...是固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，因此空格处是but，故填but。 58．考查不定式。句意：我们召开了村民大会，通知全体村民。根据语境可知，句子表示“我们召开了村民大会，通知全体村民”，因此空格处用不定式表目的，故填to inform。 59．考查副词。句意：申请由选出的村民代表进行审查，结果会公开展示五天。空格处用副词publicly修饰动词display，publicly意为“公开地”，故填publicly。 60．考查物主代词。句意：该项目提高了当地社区对自己文化遗产的认识，提升了他们的自豪感和自信心，并鼓励了对其的保护和保存。it和protection and preservation之间是所属关系，因此空格处用物主代词its，故填its。 3 61．has been 62．what 63．the 64．wanting 65．survival 66．and 67．to have brought/to bring 68．another 69．Astonishingly 70．that 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是成都作为中国重要的文化城镇，其文化特色尤其是川剧，以及川剧中的“变脸”绝技，包括变脸的起源、表演方式及其对人们产生的长久影响。 61．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自先秦以来，成都一直是中国重要的文化重镇。由Since可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语Chengdu是一个地方，因此用has been，故填has been。 62．考查主语从句。句意：但真正让这座城市在文化上与众不同的是它的戏剧。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“真正让这座城市在文化上与众不同的是它的戏剧”，因此用what引导主语从句，故填what。 63．考查定冠词。句意：川剧的一个重要方面是“变脸”的魔力，在眨眼之间，色彩鲜艳的面具就会改变。空格处用定冠词特指“变脸”的魔力，故填the。 64．考查非谓语动词。句意：在全镇的戏曲园和茶馆里，想要了解当地文化的观众喜欢一边喝茶，一边听川剧，看变脸。句中谓语是love，空格处用非谓语动词，audiences和want之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作后置定语，故填wanting。 65．考查名词。句意：早期人类需要生存策略来躲避凶猛的动物和外敌。survival strategy是固定短语，意为“生存策略”，用名词作定语。故填survival。 66．考查连词。句意：通常，攻击性的面部手势和非语言暗示是其中的一部分。aggressive facial gestures和non-verbal cues之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此用and表并列，故填and。 67．考查不定式和时态。句意：据说川剧把这种情感的变化带到了舞台上。sb. be said to do是固定短语，意为“据说某人做某事”，句子也可以表示“据说川剧已经把这种情感的变化带到了舞台上”，因此空格处也可用to have brought。故填to have brought/to bring。 68．考查固定短语。句意：表演一开始，演员就不停地快速摘下一个又一个面具，以传达不同的情感。one after another是固定短语，意为“一个接一个”，因此空格处用another，故填another。 69．考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，无论离舞台多近，他们都看不出面具是如何变化的。空格处用副词astonishingly作状语，修饰整句话，astonishingly意为“令人惊讶地”，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Astonishingly。 70．考查定语从句。句意：事实上，川剧所展现的不同的人物和个性在我们的日常生活中随处可见。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词characters and personalities既有人又有物，因此用that引导定语从句，故填that。 4 71．which 72．the 73．discovery 74．regarded 75．decades 76．to visit 77．initiated 78．What 79．to 80．scientific 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了物理学家杨振宁生平与贡献。 71．考查定语从句。句意：他跨越两个世纪的人生历程，与科学的进步和他的祖国紧密相连。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词His life journey，作主语，指物，用关系代词which。故填which。 72．考查冠词。句意：1957年，35岁的杨振宁与李政道一起，成为首批获得诺贝尔物理学奖的中国人之一。Nobel Prize是专有名词，前面需用定冠词the。故填the。 73．考查名词。句意：他们关于弱相互作用中宇称不守恒的发现，为人类对物理学的理解带来了极大的解放。形容词性物主代词Their后需接名词，discover的名词形式是discovery，此处指这一发现，用单数即可。故填discovery。 74．考查非谓语动词。句意：更具影响力的是他在1954年提出的“杨-米尔斯规范理论”，该理论被视为可与麦克斯韦方程组比肩的现代物理学基石。Yang-Mills gauge theory与regard之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填regarded。 75．考查名词复数。句意：尽管在国外生活了数十年，杨振宁始终对中国怀有深厚的感情。for decades是固定搭配，意为“数十年”，decade用复数形式。故填decades。 76．考查非谓语动词。句意：他被中国自力更生发展的成就深深打动，成为中美学术交流的桥梁，激励无数海外学者访问中国。“inspire sb. to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“激励某人做某事”，用不定式作宾补。故填to visit。 77．考查动词时态。句意：75岁时，杨振宁加入清华大学，发起成立了高能物理研究中心。and连接并列谓语，根据joined可知，此处用一般过去时。故填initiated。 78．考查主语从句。句意：最让人们印象深刻的是他坚持“学术第一”——在他的中心，只有持久的学术成就才重要。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，用what。句首单词首字母大写，故填What。 79．考查介词。句意：他献身祖国，在推动中国科学研究和教育方面也发挥了至关重要的作用。devoted to是固定搭配，意为“献身于；致力于”。故填to。 80．考查形容词。句意：他献身祖国，在推动中国科学研究和教育方面也发挥了至关重要的作用。此处修饰名词research，需用形容词，science的形容词形式是scientific。故填scientific。 三、 1 81．C 82．D 83．D 84．A 85．B 86．D 87．B 88．C 89．D 90．C 91．A 92．A 93．B 94．B 95．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者44岁时决定学习游泳，在教练和同学们的帮助下克服恐惧，学会游泳并获得成长的经历，最后作者给犹豫尝试新事物的成年人提出建议。 81．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我戴着儿子的旧泳镜，穿着更适合闲逛的泳衣，出现在第一堂课上，感觉很尴尬。A. proud骄傲的；B. inspired受鼓舞的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. bored无聊的。根据后文“in my son’s old goggles (泳镜) and a bathing suit more suitable for hanging around”可知，作者戴着儿子的旧泳镜，穿着不适合游泳的泳衣，所以感到尴尬。故选C项。 82．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：原来教练和同学们都很支持我。A. relaxed放松的；B. demanding要求高的；C. cheerful高兴的；D. supportive支持的。根据后文“They told me by breaking the process down into 3 steps”可知，教练和同学们帮助作者学习，所以是支持作者的。故选D项。 83．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们告诉我，把这个过程分解成容易处理的步骤：先漂浮，然后滑行，然后踢腿。A. familiar熟悉的；B. changeable可改变的；C. necessary必要的；D. manageable易处理的，易控制的。根据后文“first floating, then gliding, then kicking”可知，学习游泳的过程被分解成容易处理的步骤。故选D项。 84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在第一节课结束时，我不仅学会了基本知识，还发现了其他东西：水的美丽。A. discovered发现；B. investigated调查；C. selected选择；D. anticipated预期。根据后文“the beauty of the water”可知，作者发现了水的美丽。故选A项。 85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我第一次游完游泳池的长度。A. record记录；B. cover覆盖，游过；C. measure测量；D. forget忘记。根据后文“the length of the pool”可知，此处指游完游泳池的长度。故选B项。 86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，成就感难以言表。A. belonging归属感；B. responsibility责任；C. urgency紧迫性；D. accomplishment成就感。根据前文“It was the first time for me to 5 the length of the pool.”可知，作者第一次游完游泳池的长度，所以有成就感。故选D项。 87．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着教练和同学们的每一次欢呼，我意识到我不仅仅是在学习游泳——我是在向自己证明，我可以面对一生的恐惧，并变得更强大。A. insisted坚持；B. realized意识到；C. imagined想象；D. signaled示意。根据后文“I wasn’t just learning to swim — I was proving to myself that I could face a lifelong fear and come out 8 .”可知，作者意识到自己不仅仅是在学习游泳，还在克服恐惧，变得更强大。故选B项。 88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着教练和同学们的每一次欢呼，我意识到我不仅仅是在学习游泳——我是在向自己证明，我可以面对一生的恐惧，并变得更强大。A. quieter更安静的；B. healthier更健康的；C. stronger更强大的；D. younger更年轻的。根据前文“I was proving to myself that I could face a lifelong fear”可知，作者克服了恐惧，所以变得更强大。故选C项。 89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：课程结束许久后，那种感觉仍紧紧抓住我的心。A. protected保护；B. stopped停止；C. disturbed打扰；D. seized抓住。根据后文“replaying it in my head”可知，那种感觉没有消失，依然抓住作者的心。故选D项。 90．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我发现自己不断地在脑海中回放：清凉的水包裹着我，我的胳膊和腿以一种我从未想过自己能掌握的节奏移动，当我终于触摸到对面的墙壁时，我感到的宽慰。A. randomly随机地；B. eventually最终；C. constantly不断地；D. temporarily暂时地。根据后文“replaying it in my head”可知，作者不断地在脑海中回放学习游泳的过程。故选C项。 91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现自己不断地在脑海中回放：清凉的水包裹着我，我的胳膊和腿以一种我从未想过自己能掌握的节奏移动，当我终于触摸到对面的墙壁时，我感到的宽慰。A. relief宽慰；B. freedom自由；C. tiredness疲劳；D. curiosity好奇心。根据前文“I was proving to myself that I could face a lifelong fear”和“when I finally touched the opposite wall”可推知，作者原本怕水，所以在水中触摸到对面的墙壁会感到宽慰。故选A项。 92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我一直避开游泳池——甚至去海滩旅行——因为不知道如何游泳的恐惧让我感到渺小，就像我错过了一些每个人都认为理所当然的东西。A. avoided避免；B. designed设计；C. stressed强调；D. explored探索。根据后文“because the fear of not knowing how to swim made me feel small”可知，作者因为不会游泳，所以避开游泳池。故选A项。 93．考查动词短语辨析。句意：多年来，我一直避开游泳池——甚至去海滩旅行——因为不知道如何游泳的恐惧让我感到渺小，就像我错过了一些每个人都认为理所当然的东西。A. going through经历；B. missing out on错过；C. setting down放下；D. making up for弥补。根据前文“I’d 12 pools — even beach trips — because the fear of not knowing how to swim made me feel small”和后文“something everyone else took for granted”可知，作者因为不会游泳，会避开游泳池，所以错过了别人认为理所当然的东西。故选B项。 94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但那天，我的生活发生了改变。A. scheduled安排；B. transformed改变；C. exposed暴露；D. mirrored反映。根据前文“By the end of my first class, I had not only learned the basics but also 4 something else: the beauty of the water.”和“I 7 that I wasn’t just learning to swim — I was proving to myself that I could face a lifelong fear and come out 8 .”可知，作者克服了恐惧，学会了游泳，所以生活发生了改变。故选B项。 95．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从浅水区开始，一步一步来——你可能会给自己一个惊喜。A. goal目标；B. choice选择；C. surprise惊喜；D. promise承诺。根据前文“They told me by breaking the process down into 3 steps: first floating, then gliding, then kicking. By the end of my first class, I had not only learned the basics but also 4 something else: the beauty of the water.”可知，作者从小事做起，克服了恐惧，学会了游泳，感受到了水之美，生活发生了改变，这是给自己的一个惊喜，所以他也建议其他人这样做，也会得到惊喜。故选C项。 2 96．B 97．A 98．D 99．C 100．A 101．B 102．D 103．C 104．B 105．C 106．A 107．C 108．A 109．B 110．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在巴黎学习法语的经历。作者原本以为能在三个月内流利说法语，但两年后仍主要使用英语。后来作者在一家志愿者经营的酒吧工作，通过实践逐渐提高了法语水平，并克服了不断道歉的习惯，最终实现了自我接纳和进步。 96．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我原以为我也会这样。A. suspected怀疑；B. assumed认为；C. acknowledged承认；D. demanded要求。根据前文“I often heard about people who became fluent in French within three months of moving to Paris.”和后文“I’d do the same”可推知，作者经常听说学习法语很容易，通常搬到巴黎后的三个月内就能说一口流利的法语，作者认为自己也会如此。故选B项。 97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但来到巴黎两年后，我仍在努力。A. struggling努力；B. celebrating庆祝；C. moving移动；D. dreaming梦想。根据后文“I could get by, but I was still speaking English.”可知，作者虽然能在巴黎生活，但仍然主要说英语，说明作者的法语水平不高，还在努力地学习。故选A项。 98．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我自愿做一些轮班工作，比如倒啤酒和拼装奶酪拼盘。A. wonders奇迹；B. plans计划；C. problems问题；D. shifts轮班。根据后文“pulling pints and assembling cheese plates”和“When I was first asked to 8 a manager shift”可知，这个由志愿者经营的酒吧里的工作实行轮班，倒啤酒、拼装奶酪拼盘，甚至经理都可以轮流做。故选D项。 99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有太多名词我还没遇到过，大多是关于清洁的。A. forgotten忘记；B. quoted引用；C. encountered遇到；D. explained解释。根据前文“There were so many nouns”和后文“putting the words into Google Translate”可知，作者遇到了很多不认识的名词。故选C项。 100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当需要这样的物品时，我会跑到厨房去“查看”我们是否有，在冲出去回应之前把单词输入谷歌翻译。A. requested需要；B. promoted促进；C. purchased购买；D. consumed消耗。根据后文“I’d run into the kitchen to “check” if we had them”可知，作者会跑到厨房去“查看”是否有这些物品，说明是有人需要这些物品。故选A项。 101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当需要这样的物品时，我会跑到厨房去“查看”我们是否有，在冲出去回复之前把单词输入谷歌翻译。A. payment支付；B. response回复；C. permission允许；D. guidance指导。根据前文“to “check” if we had them, putting the words into Google Translate before dashing back out”可推知，有人需要某些物品，作者“查看”后，应该要出去作出回复。故选B项。 102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，我的语言技能提高了，最终我不再躲在厨房里躲避顾客。A. learning学习；B. benefiting受益；C. suffering遭受；D. hiding躲避。根据前文“I’d run into the kitchen to “check” if we had them, putting the words into Google Translate...”可知，作者去厨房其实并不是为了“查看”是否有某些物品，而是为了躲避顾客，让自己有时间用谷歌翻译单词。故选D项。 103．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我第一次被要求担任经理的轮班时，我因为缺乏信心而拒绝了，但我的同事们没有放弃我。A. stick to坚持；B. make out理解；C. take on承担；D. hand over移交。根据后文“a manager shift”可知，作者被要求承担经理的轮班工作。故选C项。 104．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次被要求担任经理的轮班时，我因为缺乏信心而拒绝了，但我的同事们没有放弃我。A. challenge挑战；B. confidence信心；C. support支持；D. safety安全。根据前文“There were so many nouns I hadn’t yet 4 .”和“I’d run into the kitchen to “check” if we had them, putting the words into Google Translate before dashing back...”可知，作者的法语很差，所以会因为缺乏信心而拒绝了担任经理的轮班工作。故选B项。 105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快就在周三晚上独自负责酒吧三个小时的运营，然后带着暖暖的满足感步行回家。A. guilt内疚；B. tiredness疲劳；C. satisfaction满足；D. regret遗憾。根据前文“I was soon running the show for three hours on Wednesday night”可知，作者的法语已经好到能够主持三个小时的节目，由此可知，作者会对自己的表现感到满意。故选C项。 106．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在酒吧学到的最重要的一件事是停止不断为我的法语道歉的习惯。A. apologizing道歉；B. complaining抱怨；C. joking开玩笑；D. bothering打扰。根据后文“The customers 12 me as I was, which let me accept myself and 13 .”以及作者之前的经历可推知，作者之前因为法语不好而不断道歉，现在在酒吧学到了要接受自己，停止道歉。故选A项。 107．考查动词词义辨析。句意：顾客们接受了我的本来面目，这让我接受了自己并取得了进步。A. pardoned原谅；B. convinced使信服；C. accepted接受；D. shaped塑造。根据后文“as I was”和“which let me accept myself”可推知，顾客们接受了法语不好的作者，这也让作者接受了自己。故选C项。 108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：顾客们接受了我的本来面目，这让我接受了自己并取得了进步。A. progress进步；B. escape逃跑；C. reflect反映；D. wander徘徊。根据前文“let me accept myself”以及作者在酒吧的经历可知，作者接受了自己，并在法语上取得了进步。故选A项。 109．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我搬走了，生活变得忙碌起来——我开始为法国雇主工作，加入了一个社区园艺小组。A. tough艰难的；B. busy忙碌的；C. boring无聊的；D. calm平静的。根据后文“I began working for French employers and joining a community gardening group.”可知，作者开始为法国雇主工作，并加入了社区园艺小组，说明作者的生活变得忙碌起来。故选B项。 110．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果没有在酒吧度过的那些夜晚，这一切都不可能实现。A. risky冒险的；B. complex复杂的；C. intense强烈的；D. possible可能的。根据前文作者的经历以及“without those nights spent behind the bar”可知，如果没有在酒吧的工作经历，作者不可能取得现在的进步和成就。故选D项。 3 111．B 112．D 113．C 114．C 115．A 116．D 117．C 118．A 119．B 120．A 121．D 122．C 123．B 124．A 125．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了核电作为零碳电力来源的潜力和重要性，以及公众对其风险的误解，强调了核电在实现碳中和目标中的作用。 111．考查动词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨导致停电，或者线路短路，或者每月账单出人意料地高。A. breaks打破；B. knocks敲打，把……撞击成(某种状态)；C. moves移动；D. sends发送。根据前文‌“Most of us think of electricity only when something goes wrong.”和后文列举“there’s a short in the wiring, or the monthly bill is unexpectedly high”可推知，“暴风雨导致停电”也是让人们想到电的糟糕情况之一；动词短语knock out意为“使无效”，knock the power out“切断电源”，符合语境。故选B项。 112．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，经济发展将不可避免地需要更多的电力供应。A. costs成本；B. benefit利益；C. qualities质量；D. supplies供应。根据前文‌“rising overall demand for electricity”和“economic development”可推知，经济发展导致电力的需求不断增加，因此需要更多的电力供应。故选D项。 113．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与太阳能、风能和水能不同，核电站的电力是可预测的。A. affordable负担得起的；B. movable可移动的；C. predictable可预测的；D. variable多变的。根据后文‌“Generators keep running when the sun is not shining, the wind is not blowing and water levels are low”可知，核电站的电力供应不受天气和水位等因素的影响，因此是可预测的。故选C项。 114．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个行业却背负着前途未卜且安全堪忧的名声。A. impact影响；B. potential潜力；C. reputation名声；D. tendency趋势。根据前文‌“the industry has an uncertain and dangerous”和“Take the United States as an example. There are fewer commercial reactors (商用核反应堆) in 5 today in the country than there were a generation ago.”可知，核电前景具有不确性，且常引发对其安全的担忧，常被人诟病，这是它的名声。故选C项。 115．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，该国正在运行的商用核反应堆比一代人之前要少。A. operation运行；B. demand需求；C. charge费用；D. preparation准备。根据前文‌“There are fewer commercial reactors”和后文‌“than there were a generation ago”可知，正在运行的商用核反应堆数量减少了；in operation表示“在运行中”。故选A项。 116．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年可能会有三个商用核反应堆退役。A. rebuilt重建；B. refunded退款；C. restored修复；D. retired退役。根据后文‌“There are plans to shut down about 20 more over the coming years”可知，未来几年计划关闭更多的商用核反应堆，因此今年可能会有三个退役。故选D项。 117．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题在于对风险的误解。A. instructions说明；B. policies政策；C. risks风险；D. tasks任务。根据后文‌“Humans are constantly exposed to radiation — from the sun, from the universe, from the very ground we walk on”和‌“The alarming near-meltdown at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island plant in 1979 8 exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive from having a single X-ray”可知，人们认为核电辐射风险很大，但实际上人们一直在暴露于各种辐射中，像1979年宾夕法尼亚州三哩岛核电站的险情对附近居民的辐射剂量远低于一次X光检查，所以人们对核电的风险存在误解。故选C项。 118．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1979年宾夕法尼亚州三哩岛核电站那场令人心惊的濒临熔毁事故，最终使周边居民承受的辐射剂量仅相当于接受一次X光检查的六分之一。A. ultimately最终；B. exceedingly极其；C. critically严重地；D. privately私下地。根据后文‌“exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive from having a single X-ray”可知，附近居民暴露的辐射剂量约为他们接受一次X光检查的六分之一，这是最终测定的数据。故选A项。 119．考查名词词义辨析。句意：微软联合创始人比尔·盖茨与越来越多投资者持有相同观点：更经济、更小型化的核反应堆必须在后碳时代的能源结构中发挥重要作用。A. employers雇主；B. investors投资者；C. operators操作员；D. researchers研究人员。根据后文‌“His company Terra Power has announced plans to build a next-generation nuclear reactor”可知，比尔·盖茨的公司计划建造下一代核反应堆，说明他是投资者之一。故选B项。 120．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此举旨在验证核能能够以具有竞争力的成本与合理的建设周期接入电网。A. added增加，接入；B. compared比较；C. exposed暴露；D. returned返回。根据后文‌“to the grid (输电网) at a competitive price and on a reasonable timeline”可知，核电要接入电网；be added to表示“被加入到”。故选A项。 121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同时，对于这些能源在发展过程中面临的重重阻碍，我也保持着清醒现实的认知。A. idealistic理想主义的；B. ignorant无知的；C. primitive原始的；D. realistic现实的。根据前文“I’m an optimistic supporter of renewable energy sources.”和后文‌“the various impediments (阻碍) to the growth of these sources”可知，作者即对再生能源保持乐观，也对其发展阻碍有现实的认识。故选D项。 122．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我同意盖茨的观点，即实现零碳排放的最可靠途径是最大化利用每一种非碳能源，包括核能。A. monitors监控；B. fascinates使着迷；C. maximizes最大化；D. composes组成。根据前文“the surest path to net-zero carbon emissions”和后文‌“every non-carbon energy source, including nuclear power”可推知，实现零碳排放的最可靠途径是最大化利用每一种非碳能源。故选C项。 123．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，让我们考虑一下为美国潜艇和航空母舰提供动力的小型可靠反应堆。A. assembled组装；B. powered提供动力；C. developed发展；D. resembled相似。根据前文“the small, reliable reactors”和后文‌“the United States’ submarines and aircraft carriers”可知，此处指为美国潜艇和航空母舰提供动力的小型核反应堆。故选B项。 124．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在50多年的航行中，它们没有发生过事故。A. accident事故；B. function功能；C. improvement改进；D. performance表现。根据前文‌“reliable reactors”和“In 50-plus years of cruising”可知，这些小型反应堆很可靠，在50多年的航行中没有发生过事故。故选A项。 125．考查动词词义辨析。句意：核电是使我们摆脱碳排放和其他温室气体的工具之一——同时保持电力供应。A. accusing指责；B. ridding摆脱；C. reminding提醒；D. warning警告。根据前文‌“Carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases are the environmental challenge of our age.”可知，碳排放与其他温室气体已成为我们这个时代最严峻的环境挑战，所以我们需要把核电作为摆脱它们的工具；rid sb of sth表示“使某人摆脱某物”。故选B项。 4 126．B 127．C 128．A 129．D 130．A 131．B 132．A 133．D 134．A 135．C 136．B 137．D 138．A 139．D 140．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕“动物实验是否合理”展开辩论：支持方认为规范实验有益，动物与人类不同且推动医学突破；反对方称其矛盾，动物有情感，行业监管差且益处被夸大。 126．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了可能存在的某些高等哺乳动物外，其他动物都没有自我意识，也没有像人类那样的认知能力和情感体验。A. evolution进化论；B. exception例外；C. reaction反应；D. stimulation刺激。根据后文“of higher mammals, animals aren’t self-aware”可知，其他动物都没有自我意识，除了可能存在的某些高等哺乳动物之外。故选B。 127．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了可能存在的某些高等哺乳动物外，其他动物都没有自我意识，也没有像人类那样的认知能力和情感体验。A. recover恢复；B. raise筹集；C. possess拥有；D. contain包含。根据后文“consciousness or experience feelings like people do”指动物不像人，拥有认知能力和情感体验。故选C。 128．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么狮子吃斑马、螳螂杀死自己的配偶，或者科学家用老鼠来测试药物这些行为是可以被接受的。A. acceptable可接受的；B. approachable亲切友善的；C. available可获得的；D. agreeable愉悦的。前文“Animals aren’t like people.”提动物与人类不同，因此“狮子吃斑马、科学家用老鼠做实验”是“可接受的”，故选A。 129．考查副词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，都应避免任何不必要的痛苦。A. Contrarily反之；B. Instead相反；C. Accordingly相应地；D. Regardless不管，无论如何。衔接前文“实验可接受”与后文“需规范对待动物”用regardless，表让步。故选D。 130．考查动词词义辨析。句意：任何东西都无法取代使用活体实验对象所带来的研究价值。A. replace取代；B. deserve值得；C. analyse分析；D. restrict限制。根据后文“the research value of using a living test subject”可知，没有什么能替代活体实验对象的研究价值，强调活体实验的不可替代性，支撑“应进行动物实验” 的论点用动词replace。故选A。 131．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果研发这种药物需要进行动物实验，那么就因为这一原因而拒绝向数十亿人提供可能挽救生命的药物，这是否符合道德规范呢？A. optimistically乐观地；B. potentially潜在地；C. apparently显然；D. physically身体上。根据后文“life-saving medicine from billions of people”可知，因需动物实验就阻止可能救命的药物惠及数十亿人，体现药物的潜在价值。potentially副词修饰life-saving，符合语境。故选B。 132．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果研发这种药物需要进行动物实验，那么就因为这一原因而拒绝向数十亿人提供可能挽救生命的药物，这是否符合道德规范呢？A. developing发展；B. submitting提交；C. preserving保留；D. reforming改造。根据上文“life-saving medicine from billions of people because”以及后文it指代medicine，可知是指研发药物，用develop。故选A。 133．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学事实使我们避免了因基于“动物的行为与人类相似”这一观点而做出错误的判断。A. acted行动；B. concentrated集中；C. reflected反思；D. based基于。根据后文“on the beliefs that animals behave like humans”可知，科学事实使我们避免了因基于“动物的行为与人类相似”这一观点而做出错误的判断，based on表示“基于……”，故选D。 134．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“伦理动物实验”这种说法本身就是自相矛盾的。A. contradiction矛盾；B. qualification资格；C. discrimination歧视；D. confusion困惑。根据后文“Humans are member of the animal kingdom. Non-human animals also feel emotions such as joy, sadness and fear, just like humans do.(人类属于动物界的一员。非人类的动物也会有诸如喜悦、悲伤和恐惧等情感，就如同人类一样)”可知，此处是反对的理由，指出“伦理动物实验”这种说法本身就是自相矛盾的，“contradiction”（矛盾）直接否定“动物实验伦理”的观点。故选A。 135．考查副词词义辨析。句意：即便不是这样，这个监管不力的行业所造成的不必要的痛苦也是无法被接受的。A. strictly严格地；B. randomly随机地；C. poorly不充分地，拙劣地；D. emotionally感情上。根据后文“regulated industry would still be unacceptable”可知，体现动物实验行业监管缺失，支撑反对观点，副词poorly符合语境。故选C。 136．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果人们的行为表现得好像人类比其他动物更重要，那就是种族主义的表现，这种行为绝不是对残忍行为或剥削行为的正当借口。A. demand要求；B. excuse借口；C. guarantee确保；D. doubt怀疑。根据上文“Behaving as if people are more important than other animals is speciesism and no”以及后文“for cruelty or exploitation”可知，认为人类比其他动物重要是物种歧视，不能成为残忍或剥削的借口。故选B。 137．考查动词短语辨析。句意：旨在保护动物的《动物福利法》并不适用于老鼠、小鼠、鱼类和鸟类，而这些动物约占实验动物总数的95%。A. relate to与……有关；B. prefer to偏爱；C. attach to附属于；D. apply to适用于。根据后文“rats, mice, fish and birds, which account for about 95 percent of research animals”指《动物福利法》并不适用于老鼠、小鼠、鱼类和鸟类，而它们占实验动物的95%。故选D。 138．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：动物实验所带来的好处往往被夸大了。A. overstated夸张；B. underestimated低估，轻视；C. undervalued低估……的价值；D. overloaded超载。根据后文“Very little hard evidence has been linked to its supposed benefits”可知，其所谓的种种益处却几乎没有任何确凿的证据支持，即动物实验所带来的好处往往被夸大了。故选A。 139．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过仔细审视，其所谓的种种益处却几乎没有任何确凿的证据支持。A. discussion讨论；B. cooperation合作；C. competition比赛；D. inspection检查，审视。根据后文“On rare occasions when it has, the knowledge gained could have been obtained without the use of animals.(在极少数情况下，即便使用了动物，所获得的知识也完全可以不通过动物来获取)”可知，仔细审视后，几乎没有确凿证据证明其所谓的益处，upon closer inspection表示“仔细审视后”。故选D。 140．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当后代人们回顾起人们对待实验动物的那种毫无必要的做法，以及这种做法所带来的微不足道的益处时——他们一定会感到震惊的。A. grateful感激的；B. horrified害怕的，感到震惊的；C. generous慷慨的；D. flexible灵活的。根据上文“When future generations look back on the unnecessary way people treated research animals and for so little benefit”以及本部分主要反对动物实验，可知后代回顾人们不必要地对待实验动物的方式，会感到震惊，“horrified”（震惊的、恐惧的）体现对动物实验的否定态度。故选B。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 清单03 完形填空必背高频词汇及对点精练 常见的25类完形填空高频场景词汇 一、逻辑衔接类：构建语篇的 “骨架” 1. 转折关系（语义反转） however：然而 but：但是 yet：然而 while：而 though/although：尽管 instead：反而 on the contrary：相反 2. 因果关系（逻辑推导） because：因为 since：既然；由于 as：由于 for：因为 so：所以 thus：因此 therefore：因此 as a result：结果 3. 并列关系（语义并列） and：和 or：或者 both...and...：两者都 either...or...：要么… 要么… neither...nor...：既不… 也不… 4. 递进关系（语义加深） besides：此外 also：也 even：甚至 furthermore：此外 what's more：更重要的是 二、情感态度类：把握作者的 “语气” 1. 积极情感（愉悦 / 满足） delighted：高兴的（因意外或期待之事） happy：快乐的 pleased：满意的（因需求得到满足） excited：兴奋的（因刺激或激动之事） proud：骄傲的 grateful：感激的 2. 消极情感（沮丧 / 不满） disappointed：失望的（因未达预期） sad：悲伤的 upset：难过的（因意外不快之事） frustrated：沮丧的（因挫折或阻碍） angry：生气的 worried：担心的 3. 中性情感（客观 / 平淡） calm：平静的 neutral：中立的 curious：好奇的（对未知事物） surprised：惊讶的（因意外之事） indifferent：冷漠的（对事物不关心） 三、动作描述类：还原场景的 “细节” 1. 选择与决定 choose：选择（泛指） select：挑选（强调仔细筛选） opt：选择（强调主动抉择） pick：挑选（强调随意或快速） decide：决定 搭配：“choose a dress”（选裙子）、“select the best book”（挑选最佳书籍）、“opt for a course”（选择课程）。 2. 移动与位置变化 move：移动（泛指，如搬家） walk：步行（强调行走方式） run：跑（强调速度） rush：冲（强调匆忙） approach：靠近 3. 感知与认知 see：看见（强调视觉结果） hear：听见 feel：感觉（触觉或情感） smell：闻见 taste：尝到 notice：注意到（强调察觉细节） realize：意识到 辨析：“see a bird”（看见鸟）侧重结果，“notice a stranger”（注意到陌生人）侧重主动察觉。 4. 交流与互动 speak：说话（强调动作） talk：交谈（强调互动） say：说（强调内容） tell：告诉；分辨 explain：解释 discuss：讨论 固定搭配：“tell right from wrong”（分辨是非）、“explain the problem”（解释问题）。 四、场景相关类：搭建语境的 “背景” 1. 生活场景 occasion：场合 situation：情况；处境 accommodation：住所 entertainment：娱乐 budget：预算 purchase：购买（n./v.） consume：消费；消耗 高频搭配：“on this occasion”（在这个场合）、“deal with the situation”（处理情况）。 2. 学习与工作 academic：学术的 course：课程 experiment：实验 project：项目 performance：表现；业绩 evaluate：评估；评价 accumulate：积累（经验、知识） 例句：“accumulate experience”（积累经验）、“evaluate the performance”（评估表现）。 3. 社会与情感 atmosphere：气氛 sympathy：同情 loyalty：忠实 prejudice：偏见 harmony：和谐 contribution：贡献 expectation：期待 4. 状态与特征 essential：必要的；本质的 unique：独一无二的 beneficial：有益的 tough：艰难的；坚强的 flexible：灵活的 sensitive：敏感的 constant：连续的；不变的 辨析：“essential to”（对… 必要）、“beneficial for”（对… 有益），如 “essential skills”（必备技能）。 五、自然与环境类：还原客观场景的 “氛围” 1. 自然现象 rain：下雨（v.）；雨（n.） snow：下雪（v.）；雪（n.） wind：刮风（v.）；风（n.） storm：暴风雨（n.） sunshine：阳光（n.） fog：雾（n.）；起雾（v.） thunder：打雷（v.）；雷声（n.） 搭配：“heavy rain”（大雨）、“strong wind”（大风）、“in the sunshine”（在阳光下），如 “The storm destroyed many houses in the village”（暴风雨摧毁了村里的许多房屋）。 2. 环境状态 clean：干净的 dirty：脏的 polluted：被污染的（因人类活动） natural：自然的（非人工的） wild：野生的；荒凉的 green：绿色的；环保的 辨析：“natural scenery”（自然风光）侧重 “非人工打造”，“green lifestyle”（绿色生活方式）侧重 “环保”，如 “We should protect the natural environment”（我们应保护自然环境）。 3. 地理与方位 mountain：山 river：河 forest：森林 ocean：海洋 desert：沙漠 east：东 west：西 south：南 north：北 六、时间与频率类：梳理事件的 “脉络” 1. 时间顺序 first：首先 then：然后 next：接下来 finally：最后 afterwards：之后 previously：之前 2. 时长与阶段 moment：片刻；瞬间 minute：分钟 hour：小时 day：天 week：周 month：月 year：年 period：时期；阶段 while：一段时间 搭配：“for a moment”（一会儿）、“during this period”（在这个时期），如 “He stayed in Beijing for a week last summer”（去年夏天他在北京待了一周）。 3. 频率 always：总是 usually：通常 often：经常 sometimes：有时 rarely：很少 hardly：几乎不 never：从不 辨析：频率从高到低为 “always> usually > often > sometimes > rarely > hardly > never”，如 “She usually gets up at 7 o'clock, but sometimes she wakes up late”（她通常 7 点起床，但有时会起晚）。 七、动词短语类：丰富动作的 “表达” 1. “动词 + up” 短语 wake up：醒来 get up：起床 pick up：捡起；接（人） give up：放弃 make up：编造；弥补 turn up：出现；调大（声音） 2. “动词 + out” 短语 find out：查明；弄清楚 work out：解决；算出 take out：取出；拿出 look out：小心；注意 figure out：理解；弄明白 搭配：“find out the truth”（查明真相）、“work out a math problem”（算出一道数学题），如 “She tried to figure out why her friend was angry with her”（她努力弄明白朋友为什么生她的气）。 3. “动词 + on” 短语 depend on：依靠；依赖 focus on：专注于 keep on：继续（做某事） carry on：继续进行 put on：穿上；上演 4. “动词 + off” 短语 take off：起飞；脱下（衣服） turn off：关掉（电器） set off：出发；动身 put off：推迟 give off：发出（光、热、气味） 辨析：“take off the coat”（脱下外套）、“turn off the TV”（关掉电视），如 “The plane will take off in ten minutes”（飞机十分钟后起飞）。 八、人物关系与情感互动类：传递人际 “温度” 1. 亲属与家庭关系 parent：父母（统称） father/dad：父亲 mother/mom：母亲 brother：兄弟 sister：姐妹 grandparent：祖父母 / 外祖父母 cousin：堂（表）兄弟姐妹 uncle：叔叔；舅舅 aunt：阿姨；姑姑 搭配：“get along with parents”（与父母相处）、“help my brother with homework”（帮弟弟做作业），如 “She often visits her grandparents on weekends”（她经常周末去看望祖父母）。 2. 社交与朋友关系 friend：朋友 classmate：同学 colleague：同事（职场场景） neighbor：邻居 stranger：陌生人 companion：同伴（侧重同行者） partner：搭档（侧重合作关系） 辨析：“friend” 强调情感联结，“partner” 强调合作目的，如 “He and his partner won the team competition”（他和搭档赢得了团队比赛）、“She has been friends with Mary since childhood”（她和玛丽从小就是朋友）。 3. 情感互动行为 help：帮助 support：支持（情感或行动上） comfort：安慰（因悲伤或困难） encourage：鼓励（因缺乏信心） praise：表扬（因表现好） criticize：批评（因错误或不足） forgive：原谅（因过错） 真题例句：“When she failed the exam, her best friend comforted her and encouraged her to try again”（她考试失利时，好友安慰她并鼓励她再试一次）。 九、物品与工具类：支撑场景 “功能” 1. 学习与办公物品 book：书 notebook：笔记本 pen：钢笔 pencil：铅笔 eraser：橡皮 ruler：尺子 paper：纸 computer：电脑 printer：打印机 file：文件；文件夹 搭配：“take notes in a notebook”（在笔记本上记笔记）、“print a file with a printer”（用打印机打印文件），如 “He forgot to bring his pen to the exam, so he borrowed one from his classmate”（他考试忘带钢笔，只好向同学借）。 2. 日常与家居物品 chair：椅子 table：桌子 sofa：沙发 bed：床 lamp：灯 clock：钟 fridge：冰箱 TV：电视 phone：手机；电话 umbrella：雨伞 3. 工具与设备 knife：刀（厨房或工具刀） scissors：剪刀 hammer：锤子 screwdriver：螺丝刀 camera：相机 radio：收音机 bike/bicycle：自行车 car：汽车 辨析：“knife” 可指厨房用的菜刀或日常小刀，“scissors” 需用复数形式，如 “She used scissors to cut the paper into a heart shape”（她用剪刀把纸剪成心形）。 十、副词与连词类：衔接语句 “逻辑” 1. 程度副词（修饰动作或状态） very：非常（强调程度高，修饰形容词 / 副词） quite：相当（程度适中，如 “quite good”） rather：颇；相当（可表褒贬，如 “rather difficult”） almost：几乎（接近完成，如 “almost finished”） nearly：差不多（与 “almost” 近义，可互换） hardly：几乎不（表否定，如 “hardly eat”） 辨析：“very” 修饰形容词原级（“very happy”），“quite” 可修饰原级或比较级（“quite better”），“almost” 与 “nearly” 在 “not” 前需用 “nearly”（“not nearly enough”，远不够）。 2. 方式副词（描述动作方式） carefully：仔细地 quickly：快速地 slowly：缓慢地 quietly：安静地 loudly：大声地 suddenly：突然地 gradually：逐渐地 3. 转折与让步连词（补充逻辑衔接） however：然而（需用逗号隔开，如 “However, he didn't come”） but：但是（直接连接句子，无逗号） though：尽管（可放句末，如 “He tried, though he failed”） although：尽管（不可放句末，如 “Although it rained, we went out”） yet：然而（可与 “though” 搭配，如 “Though tired, yet he worked on”） 用法提醒：“though” 与 “although” 不可与 “but” 同时使用，但可与 “yet” 连用，如 “Although she is young, yet she is very experienced”（她虽年轻，但经验丰富）。 4. 条件连词（表假设或条件） if：如果（引导真实条件句，如 “If it rains, we stay”） unless：除非（=if not，如 “Unless you work hard, you won't pass”） as long as：只要（引导充分条件，如 “As long as you try, you'll succeed”） in case：以防（表预防，如 “Take an umbrella in case it rains”） 高频搭配：“if necessary”（如有必要）、“unless otherwise stated”（除非另有说明），如 “In case you forget, I'll write down the address for you”（以防你忘记，我把地址写给你）。 十一、心理活动类：挖掘人物 “内心” 1. 思考与判断 think：思考（泛指，如 “think about a problem”） consider：考虑（强调慎重分析，如 “consider a plan”） believe：相信（主观认同，如 “believe his words”） trust：信任（侧重可靠感，如 “trust a friend”） doubt：怀疑（对真实性存疑，如 “doubt the result”） guess：猜测（无依据推断，如 “guess the answer”） conclude：推断（基于事实得出结论，如 “conclude from evidence”） 辨析：“believe” 侧重 “主观相信观点”，“trust” 侧重 “相信对方可靠”，如 “I believe his story is true, and I trust him to keep his promise”（我相信他的故事是真的，也信任他会信守承诺）。 2. 欲望与需求 want：想要（泛指，如 “want a book”） need：需要（客观必需，如 “need water”） desire：渴望（强烈愿望，如 “desire success”） hope：希望（对未来的期待，如 “hope to win”） expect：期望（对他人 / 事物的预期，如 “expect good grades”） wish：愿望（难实现的想法，如 “wish to fly”） 3. 情绪波动 cheer up：振作起来（从消极到积极，如 “cheer up after failure”） calm down：冷静下来（从激动到平稳，如 “calm down when angry”） feel down：情绪低落（因挫折，如 “feel down about the exam”） be nervous about：对… 紧张（如 “be nervous about the interview”） be anxious about：对… 焦虑（担忧结果，如 “be anxious about his health”） 十二、场景动作延伸类：细化 “行为” 场景 1. 校园场景动作 attend：参加（课程、会议，如 “attend class”） listen：听（讲座、课，如 “listen to the teacher”） take part in：参与（活动，如 “take part in the sports meeting”） hand in：上交（作业、试卷，如 “hand in homework”） correct：批改（作业，如 “correct students' papers”） explain：讲解（知识点，如 “explain a grammar rule”） 2. 购物场景动作 buy：买（泛指，如 “buy a shirt”） sell：卖（如 “sell fruits”） choose：挑选（如 “choose a gift”） pay：支付（如 “pay for the book”） spend：花费（时间 / 金钱，如 “spend 100 yuan on a bag”） save：节省（如 “save money by shopping online”） afford：买得起（如 “can afford a new phone”） 辨析：“spend” 主语是人（“I spend money”），“cost” 主语是物（“The book costs 20 yuan”），如 “She spent 50 yuan on the skirt, which cost her half a week's pocket money”（她花 50 元买了这条裙子，花了她半周的零花钱）。 3. 交通场景动作 drive：驾驶（车，如 “drive a car”） ride：骑（自行车、摩托车，如 “ride a bike”） take：乘坐（交通工具，如 “take a bus”） walk：步行（如 “walk to school”） wait：等待（车、人，如 “wait for the train”） arrive：到达（如 “arrive at the station”） leave：离开（如 “leave home at 7 a.m.”） 十三、易混淆名词辨析类：理清 “概念” 差异 1. 时间相关名词 time：时间（泛指，如 “spend time”） moment：时刻（短暂时间，如 “a happy moment”） period：时期（一段时间，如 “a period of three years”） chance：机会（偶然的机会，如 “a chance to travel”） opportunity：机遇（有利的机会，如 “an opportunity to work abroad”） 辨析：“chance” 侧重 “偶然发生”，“opportunity” 侧重 “可遇不可求的有利时机”，如 “He got a chance to meet the star, and it became a great opportunity for his career”（他偶然得到见明星的机会，这成了他事业的重要机遇）。 2. 情感相关名词 feeling：感觉（主观情绪，如 “a feeling of happiness”） emotion：情感（强烈的情绪，如 “mixed emotions”） mood：心情（暂时的情绪状态，如 “in a good mood”） affection：喜爱（对人 / 物的好感，如 “affection for animals”） sympathy：同情（对他人困境的共情，如 “sympathy for the poor”） 真题例句：“She was in a bad mood because she lost her favorite pen, and her friends showed sympathy for her”（她因为丢了心爱的钢笔心情不好，朋友们对她表示同情）。 3. 场所相关名词 place：地方（泛指，如 “a beautiful place”） location：位置（具体方位，如 “the location of the hotel”） spot：地点（特定小区域，如 “a quiet spot in the park”） area：区域（较大范围，如 “a residential area”） space：空间（可容纳的范围，如 “enough space for a desk”） 搭配：“We found a quiet spot by the lake to have a picnic”（我们在湖边找到一个安静的地方野餐）、“This area has many new shopping malls”（这个区域有很多新的购物中心）。 十四、抽象概念类：解读语篇 “深层含义” 1. 品质与品德 honesty：诚实（如 “honesty is the best policy”） kindness：善良（如 “show kindness to others”） courage：勇气（如 “have the courage to try”） patience：耐心（如 “with patience”） responsibility：责任（如 “take responsibility for”） fairness：公平（如 “seek fairness”） wisdom：智慧（如 “use wisdom to solve problems”） 辨析：“courage” 侧重 “面对困难不退缩”，“wisdom” 侧重 “用理性解决问题”，如 “He showed great courage to face the challenge, and used his wisdom to find a solution”（他展现出面对挑战的勇气，并用智慧找到解决办法）。 2. 状态与变化 success：成功（如 “achieve success”） failure：失败（如 “learn from failure”） progress：进步（如 “make progress”） change：变化（如 “a big change”） development：发展（如 “the development of technology”） growth：成长（如 “personal growth”） stability：稳定（如 “the stability of life”） 3. 理念与观点 idea：想法（泛指，如 “have an idea”） opinion：观点（个人看法，如 “in my opinion”） view：看法（较正式，如 “hold a view”） belief：信念（坚定的想法，如 “a strong belief”） principle：原则（行为准则，如 “follow one's principles”） value：价值观（如 “family values”） 搭配：“He shared his opinion on environmental protection”（他分享了对环境保护的看法）、“She never compromises on her principles”（她从不在原则问题上妥协）。 十五、日常交际类：还原对话 “真实场景” 1. 问候与告别 greet：问候（如 “greet a friend”） hello：你好（口语问候） hi：嗨（非正式问候） goodbye：再见（通用告别） bye：拜拜（非正式告别） see you：回头见（口语，如 “see you tomorrow”） take care：保重（告别时叮嘱，如 “take care on your way”） 2. 感谢与道歉 thank：感谢（如 “thank you”） appreciate：感激（较正式，如 “appreciate your help”） thanks：谢谢（口语，如 “many thanks”） sorry：对不起（通用道歉） apologize：道歉（较正式，如 “apologize for being late”） excuse：原谅（如 “excuse me”，打扰或道歉） 辨析：“thank” 后接人（“thank you”），“appreciate” 后接事物（“appreciate your support”），如 “I thank you for your help, and I really appreciate the time you spent”（感谢你的帮助，也很感激你付出的时间）。 3. 请求与回应 ask：请求（如 “ask for help”） request：请求（正式，如 “request a meeting”） beg：恳求（语气强烈，如 “beg for forgiveness”） agree：同意（如 “agree to a plan”） refuse：拒绝（如 “refuse an offer”） accept：接受（如 “accept an invitation”） 十六、特殊场景类：覆盖 “小众但高频” 语境 这类词汇针对高考完形填空偶尔出现的医疗、饮食、节日等场景，虽出现频率不如通用场景，但一旦涉及便是关键考点，需重点记忆核心词汇。 1. 医疗场景 doctor：医生（如 “see a doctor”） nurse：护士（如 “a kind nurse”） patient：病人（如 “a hospital patient”） illness：疾病（泛指，如 “have an illness”） disease：疾病（特指，如 “a serious disease”） treat：治疗（如 “treat a patient”） recover：恢复（如 “recover from illness”） 2. 饮食场景 eat：吃（泛指，如 “eat breakfast”） drink：喝（如 “drink water”） cook：烹饪（如 “cook a meal”） bake：烘焙（如 “bake a cake”） taste：尝（如 “taste the soup”） hungry：饿的（如 “feel hungry”） thirsty：渴的（如 “be thirsty”） 辨析：“cook” 泛指做饭（“cook rice”），“bake” 特指用烤箱烘焙（“bake bread”），如 “She cooked dinner for her family, and baked cookies for dessert”（她给家人做了晚饭，还烤了饼干当甜点）。 3. 节日场景 festival：节日（泛指，如 “a traditional festival”） holiday：假期（如 “summer holiday”） celebration：庆祝（如 “a celebration party”） gift：礼物（如 “give a gift”） decorate：装饰（如 “decorate a Christmas tree”） gather：聚集（如 “gather with family”） 十七、情感态度延伸类：捕捉 “复杂情绪” 这类词汇聚焦更细腻、多层次的情感表达，是近年高考完形填空的趋势考点，需区分情感的强度、指向及语境适配性，避免 “一刀切” 理解。 1. 正向情感进阶 delighted：欣喜的（因期待达成，如 “delighted with the result”） thrilled：极度兴奋的（比 “excited” 强烈，如 “thrilled to win the prize”） grateful：感激的（侧重 “因帮助而感恩”，如 “grateful for your support”） proud：自豪的（因自身 / 他人成就，如 “proud of his progress”） content：满足的（因 “足够” 而非 “完美”，如 “content with a simple life”） 辨析：“delighted” 侧重 “短期事件带来的喜悦”，“content” 侧重 “长期状态的满足”，如 “She was delighted to receive the gift, and content with her peaceful life”（收到礼物她很欣喜，也对平静生活感到满足）。 2. 负向情感细化 frustrated：沮丧的（因 “努力受阻”，如 “frustrated by repeated failures”） annoyed：恼怒的（因 “小事打扰”，如 “annoyed by the noise”） desperate：绝望的（因 “无解决方案”，如 “desperate for help”） guilty：愧疚的（因 “做错事”，如 “guilty about lying”） embarrassed：尴尬的（因 “失态或出糗”，如 “embarrassed by his mistake”） 3. 中性情感深化 curious：好奇的（对 “未知事物”，如 “curious about the new technology”） confused：困惑的（因 “信息混乱”，如 “confused by the instructions”） cautious：谨慎的（因 “潜在风险”，如 “cautious about making decisions”） indifferent：冷漠的（对 “事物无兴趣”，如 “indifferent to fame”） surprised：惊讶的（因 “意外发生”，如 “surprised by the sudden visit”） 十八、事件发展类：梳理 “逻辑链条” 此类词汇围绕事件的 “发生---发展---高潮---结局” 全流程，是记叙文类完形填空的 “骨架词汇”，需结合事件节奏判断词汇的先后逻辑与场景适配性。 1. 事件发生与开端 happen：发生（泛指，无被动，如 “an accident happened”） occur：发生（较正式，如 “a good idea occurred to him”） take place：发生（有计划的事件，如 “the meeting took place”） start：开始（泛指，如 “start a project”） begin：开始（与 “start” 近义，如 “begin to rain”） launch：发起（正式项目，如 “launch a campaign”） 辨析：“happen”“occur” 侧重 “偶然发生”，“take place” 侧重 “有组织的事件”，如 “A car accident happened on the road, while the charity event took place as planned”（路上发生了车祸，而慈善活动按计划举行）。 2. 事件发展与推进 develop：发展（如 “develop a story”） progress：进展（如 “the work progressed smoothly”） continue：继续（如 “continue to work”） expand：扩大（范围，如 “expand the business”） deepen：加深（程度，如 “deepen the understanding”） promote：推动（进程，如 “promote the cooperation”） 3. 事件转折与结局 change：转变（方向，如 “the situation changed suddenly”） shift：转变（侧重 “轻微调整”，如 “shift the focus”） turn：转向（如 “the tide turned”） end：结束（泛指，如 “the party ended at 10”） finish：完成（任务，如 “finish the work”） conclude：结束（正式，如 “the meeting concluded with a speech”） 十九、文化与习俗类：适配 “跨文化语境” 这类词汇针对高考中偶尔出现的文化差异、传统习俗等场景，虽不高频但易成为 “拉分点”，需了解基础文化背景，避免因文化盲区导致理解偏差。 1. 传统习俗相关 custom：习俗（特定群体，如 “local customs”） tradition：传统（代代相传，如 “family traditions”） ritual：仪式（宗教 / 文化，如 “wedding rituals”） festival：节日（文化专属，如 “the Mid-Autumn Festival”） celebration：庆祝（习俗活动，如 “harvest celebrations”） 例句：“In many countries, it's a tradition to exchange gifts during Christmas, and this custom has been passed down for centuries”（在许多国家，圣诞节交换礼物是传统，这一习俗已传承数百年）。 2. 文化符号相关 symbol：象征（如 “the dragon is a symbol of power in Chinese culture”） sign：标志（如 “traffic signs”） icon：偶像；象征（文化符号，如 “a cultural icon”） logo：标识（品牌 / 组织，如 “the company's logo”） emblem：徽章（官方象征，如 “national emblem”） 辨析：“symbol” 侧重 “抽象象征意义”，“sign” 侧重 “具体指示标志”，如 “The red rose is a symbol of love, while the 'no smoking' sign reminds people not to smoke”（红玫瑰是爱的象征，而 “禁止吸烟” 标志提醒人们不要吸烟）。 3. 跨文化交际相关 etiquette：礼仪（社交规范，如 “dining etiquette”） manners：礼貌（日常行为，如 “good manners”） respect：尊重（文化差异，如 “respect different cultures”） adapt：适应（文化环境，如 “adapt to a new culture”） communicate：交流（跨文化，如 “cross-cultural communication”） 真题例句：“When traveling abroad, it's important to learn about local etiquette and manners to show respect for the local culture”（出国旅行时，了解当地礼仪和礼貌规范以尊重当地文化很重要）。 二十、功能场景类：适配 “实用语境” 这类词汇聚焦教育、职场、服务等高频功能场景，是完形填空 “场景化解题” 的关键，需结合场景特征记忆词汇的搭配与用法，避免脱离语境误用。 1. 教育场景 teach：教（泛指，如 “teach English”） learn：学习（如 “learn a language”） study：学习（侧重 “系统钻研”，如 “study math”） attend：就读（如 “attend a university”） graduate：毕业（如 “graduate from college”） major：主修（如 “major in history”） lecture：讲座（如 “attend a lecture”） seminar：研讨会（如 “a research seminar”） 辨析：“learn” 侧重 “获取知识的结果”，“study” 侧重 “学习的过程”，如 “She learns quickly and studies hard every day”（她学得快，且每天努力学习）；“lecture” 侧重 “单向讲解”，“seminar” 侧重 “互动讨论”，如 “The professor gave a lecture first, then led a seminar on the topic”（教授先做了讲座，接着就该主题组织了研讨会）。 2. 职场场景 work：工作（泛指，如 “work in a company”） job：工作（具体职位，如 “find a job”） career：职业生涯（长期规划，如 “build a career”） interview：面试（如 “a job interview”） hire：雇佣（如 “hire a new employee”） fire：解雇（如 “be fired for being late”） promote：晋升（如 “promote to manager”） resign：辞职（如 “resign from the position”） 3. 服务场景 serve：服务（如 “serve customers”） help：帮助（如 “help with a problem”） assist：协助（较正式，如 “assist the manager”） support：支持（如 “support the customer's needs”） provide：提供（如 “provide service”） offer：提供（如 “offer help”） complain：投诉（如 “complain about the service”） satisfy：满足（如 “satisfy the customer”） 二十一、状态描述进阶类：细化 “特征与状态” 这类词汇聚焦事物的属性特征与人物的动态状态，是完形填空 “细节理解” 的核心，需区分词汇的程度、范围与情感倾向，避免模糊理解。 1. 事物特征 big：大的（泛指，如 “a big house”） large：大的（侧重 “面积 / 数量”，如 “a large population”） huge：巨大的（程度强于 “big/large”，如 “a huge mountain”） small：小的（泛指，如 “a small box”） tiny：极小的（程度强于 “small”，如 “a tiny insect”） long：长的（如 “a long road”） short：短的（如 “a short time”） wide：宽的（如 “a wide river”） narrow：窄的（如 “a narrow street”） 辨析：“big” 可形容具体事物或抽象概念（“a big mistake”），“large” 更侧重客观尺寸（“a large room”），“huge” 强调 “超出常规的大”（“a huge success”）；如 “She lives in a big house with a large garden, and there's a huge tree in the center of the garden”（她住在一栋带大花园的房子里，花园中央有一棵参天大树）。 2. 人物状态 healthy：健康的（身体状态，如 “keep healthy”） sick：生病的（如 “be sick in bed”） weak：虚弱的（如 “feel weak after illness”） strong：强壮的（如 “a strong body”） tired：疲惫的（如 “be tired from work”） energetic：精力充沛的（如 “feel energetic in the morning”） busy：忙碌的（如 “be busy with work”） free：空闲的（如 “be free on weekends”） 3. 环境状态 clean：干净的（如 “a clean room”） dirty：脏的（如 “dirty clothes”） tidy：整洁的（如 “a tidy desk”） messy：凌乱的（如 “a messy room”） quiet：安静的（如 “a quiet park”） noisy：吵闹的（如 “a noisy street”） safe：安全的（如 “a safe place”） dangerous：危险的（如 “a dangerous road”） 二十二、逻辑连接补充类：强化 “隐含逻辑” 这类词汇虽不直接标注逻辑关系，但隐含因果、转折、递进等逻辑，是完形填空 “深层理解” 的难点，需结合上下文挖掘其背后的逻辑关联。 1. 隐含因果 lead to：导致（结果，如 “lead to success”） result in：导致（如 “result in failure”） result from：由… 引起（原因，如 “result from carelessness”） cause：导致（如 “cause an accident”） because of：因为（如 “because of the rain”） due to：由于（如 “due to illness”） 辨析：“lead to”“result in”“cause” 均表 “前因后果”，主语为原因，宾语为结果；“result from” 表 “前果后因”，主语为结果，宾语为原因；如 “Carelessness caused the mistake, which led to a big loss; the loss resulted from his lack of attention”（粗心导致了错误，错误又引发了重大损失；这一损失源于他的疏忽）。 2. 隐含转折 instead of：而不是（如 “instead of staying home”） rather than：而不是（如 “rather than give up”） in spite of：尽管（如 “in spite of the difficulty”） despite：尽管（如 “despite the rain”） though：尽管（可放句末，如 “hard though it is”） 例句：“In spite of the heavy rain, he went out to help his neighbor instead of staying at home; though he got wet, he felt happy”（尽管下着大雨，他还是出门帮邻居，而不是待在家里；虽然淋湿了，但他很开心）。 3. 隐含递进 even more：甚至更（如 “even more important”） what's worse：更糟糕的是（如 “what's worse, he was late”） besides that：除此之外（如 “besides that, he also helped”） in addition：此外（如 “in addition, we need to prepare”） moreover：此外（较正式，如 “moreover, it's good for health”） 二十三、情感态度深化类：捕捉 “细腻情感” 这类词汇聚焦更复杂、更微妙的情感表达，是近年高考完形填空 “情感线索题” 的核心，需结合上下文判断情感的指向、强度与隐含态度，避免表层理解。 1. 正向情感细化 overjoyed：狂喜的（比 “delighted” 强烈，如 “overjoyed at the news”） relieved：释然的（因担忧消除，如 “relieved to hear the good result”） proud：自豪的（因自身 / 他人成就，如 “proud of her progress”） contented：满足的（因 “需求得到充分满足”，如 “contented with her simple life”） grateful：感激的（侧重 “因帮助而心怀感恩”，如 “grateful for your timely help”） 辨析：“overjoyed” 侧重 “超出预期的极度喜悦”，“relieved” 侧重 “紧张后的放松”，如 “She was overjoyed when she got the admission letter, and relieved that all her hard work paid off”（收到录取通知书时她狂喜不已，也因所有努力有了回报而倍感释然）。 2. 负向情感进阶 devastated：崩溃的（因重大打击，如 “devastated by the loss of her family”） annoyed：恼怒的（因 “反复打扰”，如 “annoyed by his constant complaints”） guilty：愧疚的（因 “过错或疏忽”，如 “guilty about forgetting her birthday”） frustrated：沮丧的（因 “努力受阻”，如 “frustrated by repeated failures”） embarrassed：尴尬的（因 “失态或出糗”，如 “embarrassed by her mistake in public”） 3. 中性情感拓展 curious：好奇的（对 “未知事物的探索欲”，如 “curious about how the machine works”） confused：困惑的（因 “信息混乱或逻辑不清”，如 “confused by the complex instructions”） cautious：谨慎的（因 “潜在风险”，如 “cautious about making hasty decisions”） indifferent：冷漠的（对 “事物无兴趣或不在意”，如 “indifferent to fame and wealth”） surprised：惊讶的（因 “意外发生”，如 “surprised by his sudden appearance”） 二十四、动作结果类：关联 “动作与影响” 这类词汇聚焦动作与其产生的结果、影响，是完形填空 “动作逻辑题” 的关键，需明确动作的目的、过程与最终结果的关联，避免脱离结果孤立理解动作。 1. 动作与积极结果 achieve：实现（目标，如 “achieve one's dream”） succeed：成功（如 “succeed in doing the task”） gain：获得（利益、知识，如 “gain experience”） obtain：取得（正式，如 “obtain a certificate”） accomplish：完成（任务，如 “accomplish the project”） 辨析：“achieve” 侧重 “长期努力后实现目标”，“succeed” 侧重 “达成预期结果”，“gain” 侧重 “通过努力获得具体事物”，如 “After years of hard work, she achieved her dream of becoming a doctor, succeeded in passing all the difficult exams, and gained valuable clinical experience”（经过多年努力，她实现了成为医生的梦想，成功通过所有难度极高的考试，也获得了宝贵的临床经验）。 2. 动作与消极结果 fail：失败（如 “fail to finish the work”） lose：失去（如 “lose the opportunity”） damage：损坏（如 “damage the equipment”） destroy：摧毁（彻底破坏，如 “destroy the old building”） waste：浪费（时间、资源，如 “waste time on games”） 例句：“He failed to take the important document, so he lost the chance to sign the contract; what's worse, he accidentally damaged the printer when he hurried back to get it, which wasted more time”（他忘了带重要文件，错失了签合同的机会；更糟的是，匆忙回去取文件时还不小心弄坏了打印机，浪费了更多时间）。 3. 动作与中性结果 complete：完成（任务，如 “complete the homework”） finish：结束（如 “finish the meeting”） reach：达到（目标、数量，如 “reach the destination”） attain：获得（较正式，如 “attain a high level of skill”） produce：产生（结果、产品，如 “produce good results”） 真题搭配：“They worked day and night to complete the project, and finally finished it ahead of schedule; their efforts produced excellent results, helping the company reach its annual target”（他们日夜奋战完成项目，最终提前竣工；努力带来了出色成果，助力公司达成年度目标）。 二十五、特殊场景延伸类：覆盖 “小众高频场景” 这类词汇针对高考中偶尔出现的艺术、科技、体育等小众场景，虽出现频率较低，但一旦涉及便是 “拉分题”，需提前储备核心词汇，避免因场景陌生导致理解偏差。 1. 艺术场景 create：创作（如 “create a painting”） design：设计（如 “design a costume”） paint：绘画（如 “paint a landscape”） draw：画画（如 “draw a sketch”） perform：表演（如 “perform a play”） appreciate：欣赏（如 “appreciate a piece of music”） exhibit：展览（如 “exhibit the artworks”） 例句：“The artist spent three months creating the painting, which he designed to show the beauty of nature; he later performed a live painting show and exhibited his works in the local gallery, allowing more people to appreciate his art”（这位艺术家花了三个月创作这幅画，他的设计初衷是展现自然之美；之后他举办了现场绘画表演，并在当地画廊展出作品，让更多人欣赏到他的艺术）。 2. 科技场景 invent：发明（如 “invent a new machine”） develop：研发（如 “develop new technology”） innovate：创新（如 “innovate in the field of AI”） operate：操作（如 “operate the computer”） update：更新（如 “update the software”） access：获取（信息，如 “access the internet”） apply：应用（如 “apply technology to daily life”） 辨析：“invent” 侧重 “创造全新事物”，“develop” 侧重 “在已有基础上改进”，“innovate” 侧重 “提出新方法 / 理念”，如 “Scientists invented the first computer, then developed more advanced models, and continued to innovate to make them smaller and more powerful”（科学家发明了第一台电脑，之后研发出更先进的型号，并不断创新让电脑体积更小、性能更强）。 3. 体育场景 compete：竞争（如 “compete in the race”） win：赢得（如 “win the championship”） lose：输掉（如 “lose the game”） score：得分（如 “score a goal”） train：训练（如 “train hard for the match”） coach：指导（如 “coach the team”） participate：参与（如 “participate in the sports meeting”） 真题例句：“The team trained hard for half a year to compete in the national competition; their coach encouraged them to stay focused, and finally they scored the winning goal in the last minute to win the championship”（这支队伍为参加全国比赛刻苦训练了半年；教练鼓励他们保持专注，最终他们在最后一分钟踢进制胜球，赢得了冠军）。 一、用所给词的适当形式或根据句意填空 1．Found in 2007, walls of the ruins and the surrounding water conservation system combined to display a massive infrastructure base, construction of which is estimated (take) 4,000 people a decade to accomplish. 2． (real) that they had lagged behind, Tom and Harry started to quicken their pace. 3． (expect) as she had appeared, not one of them felt that she was an intruder at all. 4．He suddenly appeared in class one day,   _____   (wear) sun glasses. 5．My plan for the activity was turned , which made me sad. 6．The thief went the train after me and stole my bag. 7．I was angry that my car was stuck the water and got damaged. 8．People in the south of China struggled the great floods. 9．It is wrong of you to treat your new classmates (cruel) . 10．You’ll need to complete three written (assign) per semester. 11．If the earth (stop) spinning someday in the future, we would not have the change of day and night. 12．Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the (belong). 13．If I (take) your advice, I could have passed the driving test. 14．He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, nor did he give to any difficulty. 15．When working for someone, you may not have the power to turn a project. 16．The boy is not really reading, just turning the pages. 17．Some famous Chinese artists will turn and perform at the exhibition. 18．The father is trying his best to prevent his son from abandoning (he) to the Internet. 19．The young man abandoned himself to (drink) all day because of his failure. 20．When he joined the club, he felt a sense of (belong). 21．Some of the stamps belong me, while the rest are his and hers. 22．They made a resolution (lose) all the weight gained during the Christmas holidays. 23．I’m writing to apply to join it, thinking that I’m well qualified the job. 24．She gained her (qualify) for the Olympic gymnastic competition. 25．Race walkers are conditioned athletes, because they’re (qualify) for the marathon. 26．The Student Union is organizing many physical activities, because health is associated exercise. 27．All the drawers stuffed letters and papers but she finally found them useless. 28．Mr. Bean constantly gets into awkward and absurd situations, which greatly amuses audiences regardless their nationalities and culture. 29．The medical team consisting three doctors and seven nurses, was ready to help those trapped. 30．The butcher sliced a thick steak and gave it to the poor lady. 31．Prior taking a working holiday abroad, you will need to do a number of things. 32． the time the night fell, Bernard had sold out all the popcorn. 33．The electricity industry consumes large amounts fossil fuels every day. 34．I think Mr. Smith is the (ideally) person to do this job. 35．Even if you’re taking a fishing trip, you’re burning more (calorie) than you’ll burn sitting indoors. 36．It’s not right to play (trick) on your teacher in public. 37．The researchers reported that long-term (expose) to air pollution can affect a person’s mental abilities. 38．Learning that you have large (quantity) of experience in playing basketball, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to join our basketball club. 39．The study shows that there is a close (associate) between smog and lung cancer. 40． (surprise) and happy, he stood up and accepted the prize. 二、语篇填空 1 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Buying tickets for museums easily may become a history. Nowadays, people feel it hard 41 (get) tickets for many museums during the tourist high seasons. According to data from the travel reservation site Ctrip.com, museum ticket bookings 42 (grow) 75 percent since 2019. One of the reasons is a growing interest 43 museums raised by popular TV shows on cultural heritage. Taking National Treasure for example, the program was 44 (wild) popular as soon as it was shown in December 2017 on the China Central Television. The show is 45 wonderful combination (结合) of knowledge and entertainment. Many museums have issued archaeological blind 46 (box), through which people can dig cultural relics as an archaeologist. The idea attracted many young people 47 most are sold out every day. Another happiness that museum-goers can experience is through ice cream bars in the shape of cultural relics, 48 has won over many younger-generation customers. Many historical sites have also introduced creative food and products to expand 49 (they) cultural reach. The public’s increasing love for museums reflects cultural self-confidence. Only by 50 (understand) the past can we better create the future. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hidden in the mountains of China’s Guizhou Province 51 (be) many small villages populated by Miao, Dong and other minority groups. These ethnic groups have unique, centuries-old 52 (tradition), including festivals, songs and dances. However, with the rapid social changes and urbanization in recent years, they are under severe threat and in some cases face extinction. With fund from the government, a project was launched in 2009, which involved 16 counties and focused on building capacity, 53 (improve) public facilities and protecting cultural heritage. To promote more 54 (effect) use of the investment, villagers were involved in 55 entire process of project selection and design. Li Zhengxue is one of the villagers 56 have benefited from the project. Li’s old house was built in 1957. It had no running water or a private toilet. With fund from the project, he built a new two-storied wooden house which is not only equipped with modern facilities, 57 can also serve as a homestay for tourists. “The distribution of fund was a joint decision. We held a village meeting 58 (inform) all villagers. Applications were reviewed by elected representatives of villagers, and the result was displayed 59 (public) for five days,” explained Li Shengsheng, head of Ganrong Village. “Priority was given to the poorer families.” “The project has raised local communities’ awareness of their own cultural heritage, promoted their sense of pride and confidence, and served as an encouragement for 60 (it) protection and preservation,” said Li Guang, director of the Guizhou Project Management Office. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since the pre-Qin period, Chengdu 61 (be) an important cultural town in China. But 62 really sets the city apart, culturally, is its opera. An important aspect of Sichuan Opera is 63 magic of “face changing” where vividly coloured masks are changed within the blink of an eye. In opera gardens and tea houses across the town, audiences 64 (want) a glimpse of the local culture love to drink tea while listening to Sichuan Opera and watching face changing. It is believed that “face changing” has its roots in evolution. Early humans needed 65 (survive) strategies to avoid fierce animals and foreign enemies. Often, aggressive facial gestures 66 non-verbal cues were part of it. The Sichuan Opera is said 67 (bring) this range of emotions on stage. Once the performance starts, the actor keeps pulling down one mask after 68 in swift movements to convey different emotions. 69 (astonish), no matter how close one is to the stage, they just can’t tell how the masks change. In fact, the different characters and personalities 70 Sichuan Opera shows can be found in our daily life. This is why its emotions will continue to have a lasting impact on people for a long time. 4 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yang Zhenning, one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025, at the age of 103. His life journey, 71 spanned two centuries, was closely tied to the progress of science and his motherland. In 1957, at 35, Yang became one of the first Chinese to win 72 Nobel Prize in Physics, together with Li Zhengdao. Their 73 (discover) of parity non-conservation in weak interactions brought a great liberation to human understanding of physics. Even more influential is his “Yang-Mills gauge theory” proposed in 1954, 74 (regard) as a cornerstone of modern physics comparable to Maxwell’s equations. Though living abroad for 75 (decade), Yang always had a deep affection for China. In 1971, he seized the first chance to return to his motherland after 26 years of separation. Deeply moved by China’s achievements in self-reliant development, he became a bridge for Sino-US academic exchanges, inspiring numerous overseas scholars 76 (visit) China. At 75, Yang joined Tsinghua University and 77 (initiate) the High Energy Physics Research Center. He donated his savings, raised funds, and even taught basic physics to freshmen in his 80s. 78 impressed people most was his adherence to “academics first” — in his center, only lasting academic achievements mattered. A towering figure in modern science, Yang made groundbreaking contributions to particle physics, field theory, statistical mechanics, and condensed matter physics, reshaping humanity’s understanding of the physical world. Devoted 79 his homeland, he also played a vital role in advancing China’s 80 (science) research and education 三、完形填空 1 At 44, I never thought I’d dive headfirst — literally — into learning to swim. Yet, here I was. I showed up for my first lesson, feeling 81 in my son’s old goggles (泳镜) and a bathing suit more suitable for hanging around. It turned out that the coach and my classmates were 82 . They told me by breaking the process down into 83 steps: first floating, then gliding, then kicking. By the end of my first class, I had not only learned the basics but also 84 something else: the beauty of the water. It was the first time for me to 85 the length of the pool. In the process, the sense of 86 was beyond words. With every cheer from my coach and classmates, I 87 that I wasn’t just learning to swim — I was proving to myself that I could face a lifelong fear and come out 88 . Long after the lesson ended, that feeling 89 me. I found myself 90 replaying it in my head: the cool water wrapping me, my arms and legs moving in a rhythm (节奏) I’d never thought I’d master, and the 91 I felt when I finally touched the opposite wall. For years, I’d 92 pools — even beach trips — because the fear of not knowing how to swim made me feel small, like I was 93 something everyone else took for granted. But that day, my life was 94 . So, to other adults hesitant to try something new, my advice is to start small. Begin in the shallow end and take it one step at a time — you just might give yourself a 95 . 81．A．proud B．inspired C．awkward D．bored 82．A．relaxed B．demanding C．cheerful D．supportive 83．A．familiar B．changeable C．necessary D．manageable 84．A．discovered B．investigated C．selected D．anticipated 85．A．record B．cover C．measure D．forget 86．A．belonging B．responsibility C．urgency D．accomplishment 87．A．insisted B．realized C．imagined D．signaled 88．A．quieter B．healthier C．stronger D．younger 89．A．protected B．stopped C．disturbed D．seized 90．A．randomly B．eventually C．constantly D．temporarily 91．A．relief B．freedom C．tiredness D．curiosity 92．A．avoided B．designed C．stressed D．explored 93．A．going through B．missing out on C．setting down D．making up for 94．A．scheduled B．transformed C．exposed D．mirrored 95．A．goal B．choice C．surprise D．promise 2 I often heard about people who became fluent in French within three months of moving to Paris. I 96 I’d do the same. But two years after arriving in Paris, I was 97 . I could get by, but I was still speaking English. Then, one day, I came across Le Bar Commun — a volunteer-run bar in the neighbourhood. I volunteered to work some 98 pulling pints and assembling cheese plates. The first nights were terrifying. There were so many nouns I hadn’t yet 99 , most to do with cleaning. When such items were 100 , I’d run into the kitchen to “check” if we had them, putting the words into Google Translate before dashing back out with my 101 . Slowly, my language skills improved, and eventually I stopped 102 from customers in the kitchen. When I was first asked to 103 a manager shift, I turned it down for lack of 104 , but my colleagues didn’t give up on me. I was soon running the show for three hours on Wednesday night, walking home with a warm sense of 105 . The most important thing I learned at the bar was to stop my habit of constantly 106 for my French. The customers 107 me as I was, which let me accept myself and 108 . It’s been a long time since I’ve put in a shift at Le Bar Commun. I moved away and life became 109 — I began working for French employers and joining a community gardening group. None of it would have been 110 without those nights spent behind the bar. 96．A．suspected B．assumed C．acknowledged D．demanded 97．A．struggling B．celebrating C．moving D．dreaming 98．A．wonders B．plans C．problems D．shifts 99．A．forgotten B．quoted C．encountered D．explained 100．A．requested B．promoted C．purchased D．consumed 101．A．payment B．response C．permission D．guidance 102．A．learning B．benefiting C．suffering D．hiding 103．A．stick to B．make out C．take on D．hand over 104．A．challenge B．confidence C．support D．safety 105．A．guilt B．tiredness C．satisfaction D．regret 106．A．apologizing B．complaining C．joking D．bothering 107．A．pardoned B．convinced C．accepted D．shaped 108．A．progress B．escape C．reflect D．wander 109．A．tough B．busy C．boring D．calm 110．A．risky B．complex C．intense D．possible 3 Most of us think of electricity only when something goes wrong. A storm 111 the power out, or there’s a short in the wiring, or the monthly bill is unexpectedly high. Normally, we switch on, the juice flows, and we think nothing of it. According to the International Energy Agency, rising overall demand for electricity is outstripping (超过) the world’s efforts to improve efficiency and boost renewables. The fact is, economic development will inevitably require greater 112 of electricity. It is increasingly clear that nuclear power plants must play an important role in this equation (制衡关系). Nuclear power is, in many ways, the most promising source of zero-carbon electricity. Unlike solar, wind and water power, electricity from nuclear plants is 113 . Generators keep running when the sun is not shining, the wind is not blowing and water levels are low. Nevertheless, the industry has an uncertain and dangerous 114 . Take the United States as an example. There are fewer commercial reactors (商用核反应堆) in 115 today in the country than there were a generation ago. This year could see three commercial reactors 116 . There are plans to shut down about 20 more over the coming years. The problem is a misunderstanding of 117 . Humans are constantly exposed to radiation — from the sun, from the universe, from the very ground we walk on. The alarming near-meltdown at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island plant in 1979 118 exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive from having a single X-ray. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is one of a growing number of 119 who believe that cheaper, smaller reactors must play a significant part in the post-carbon energy mix. His company Terra Power has announced plans to build a next-generation nuclear reactor at the site of a former coal-fired power plant in Wyoming. The goal is to prove that nuclear power can be 120 to the grid (输电网) at a competitive price and on a reasonable timeline. I’m an optimistic supporter of renewable energy sources. I’m also a (n) 121 student of the various impediments (阻碍) to the growth of these sources. I agree with Gates that the surest path to net-zero carbon emissions is one that 122 every non-carbon energy source, including nuclear power. The model to have in mind is not the hulking plant like Chernobyl. Instead, let’s consider the small, reliable reactors that have 123 the United States’ submarines and aircraft carriers. In 50-plus years of cruising, they have had no 124 . Carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases are the environmental challenge of our age. Nuclear power is one tool for 125 ourselves of them — while keeping the lights on. 111．A．breaks B．knocks C．moves D．sends 112．A．costs B．benefit C．qualities D．supplies 113．A．affordable B．movable C．predictable D．variable 114．A．impact B．potential C．reputation D．tendency 115．A．operation B．demand C．charge D．preparation 116．A．rebuilt B．refunded C．restored D．retired 117．A．instructions B．policies C．risks D．tasks 118．A．ultimately B．exceedingly C．critically D．privately 119．A．employers B．investors C．operators D．researchers 120．A．added B．compared C．exposed D．returned 121．A．idealistic B．ignorant C．primitive D．realistic 122．A．monitors B．fascinates C．maximizes D．composes 123．A．assembled B．powered C．developed D．resembled 124．A．accident B．function C．improvement D．performance 125．A．accusing B．ridding C．reminding D．warning 4 Is Animal Testing Defensible?YES Important differences between humans and animals mean animal testing is ethical (合乎道德的) if done properly. In fact, the benefits of conducting animal testing are so great that it would be wrong not to do it. Animals aren’t like people. With the possible 126 of higher mammals (哺乳动物), animals aren’t self-aware, don’t 127 consciousness or experience feelings like people do. That’s why it’s 128 when lions eat zebras, mantises kill their mates or when scientists use mice to test medicines. 129 any unnecessary suffering should be avoided. That’s why laws like the Animal Welfare Act strictly govern the treatment of the 26 million animals used in testing every year in the U. S. Nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has involved animal testing. Nothing can 130 the research value of using a living test subject. Would it be ethical to keep back 131 life-saving medicine from billions of people because 132 it would require animal testing? Scientific facts save us from making poor decisions 133 on the beliefs that animals behave like humans. The benefits of strictly regulated animal testing, however, are undeniable. Future generations will be thankful for the advantages they’ll enjoy as a result of animal testing today.NO “Ethical animal experimentation” is a 134 in terms. And even if it weren’t, the unnecessary suffering caused by this 135 regulated industry would still be unacceptable. Humans are member of the animal kingdom. Non-human animals also feel emotions such as joy, sadness and fear, just like humans do. Behaving as if people are more important than other animals is speciesism and no 136 for cruelty or exploitation. In the U.S. alone, chemical, drug, food and cosmetics experiments kill over 100 million animals every year! The Animal Welfare Act, meant to protect animals, does not 137 rats, mice, fish and birds, which account for about 95 percent of research animals. This enables what could be considered the torture of millions of animals. The benefits of animal experimentation are often 138 . Very little hard evidence has been linked to its supposed benefits upon closer 139 . On rare occasions when it has, the knowledge gained could have been obtained without the use of animals. Scientists have other avenues to obtain necessary data, two of which are lab-grown tissue and computer modeling. When future generations look back on the unnecessary way people treated research animals and for so little benefit — they’ll be 140 . 126．A．evolution B．exception C．reaction D．stimulation 127．A．recover B．raise C．possess D．contain 128．A．acceptable B．approachable C．available D．agreeable 129．A．Contrarily B．Instead C．Accordingly D．Regardless 130．A．replace B．deserve C．analyse D．restrict 131．A．optimistically B．potentially C．apparently D．physically 132．A．developing B．submitting C．preserving D．reforming 133．A．acted B．concentrated C．reflected D．based 134．A．contradiction B．qualification C．discrimination D．confusion 135．A．strictly B．randomly C．poorly D．emotionally 136．A．demand B．excuse C．guarantee D．doubt 137．A．relate to B．prefer to C．attach to D．apply to 138．A．overstated B．underestimated C．undervalued D．overloaded 139．A．discussion B．cooperation C．competition D．inspection 140．A．grateful B．horrified C．generous D．flexible 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $