Module12 语法讲练：构词法的用法- 2025-2026学年外研版英语（2024）九年级上册

该初中英语构词法复习讲义通过分类梳理合成法、派生法、转化法三大构词方法构建知识体系，以层级框架呈现派生法中的常见前缀（如dis-表“不”、re-表“再”）和后缀（按名词、形容词等词性分类），并用例词表格归纳合成词（如afternoon）、派生词（如unhappy）及转化词（如water）的构成规律，清晰呈现重难点及内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“阶梯式练习设计”，从基础的构词法识别（习题一）到综合的派生词系列（习题五），如通过interest派生出interesting、uninterested等，培养学习能力（掌握构词规律提升词汇记忆效率）和语言能力（理解词性转化提升表达准确性）。基础题巩固方法，综合题拓展思维，学生可自主核对答案复习，教师据此实施分层教学，提升复习效率。

Module 12 构词法 1. 合成法 将两个或两个以上独立且语义不同的单词合在一起构成新词的方法称作合成法。合成法是一种比较灵活的构词方法，可以合成名词、形容词、副词、代词、动词等。例如，afternoon, sportsman, blackboard, sportsperson, newspaper, airplane, classmate, grandfather 等就是通过合成构词法构成的名词，kind-hearted, middle-aged, hard-working 等为合成形容词；however, maybe, himself, everyone, nothing, overlook 等也都是通过合成法构成的单词。掌握合成法有助于我们理解和记忆更多单词。 2. 派生法 通过在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个新词的方法称作派生法。要通过派生法理解和记忆单词，我们需要掌握常见的前缀和后缀及派生规律。我们先来介绍一些常见的前缀和后缀。 (1) 常见前缀 前缀 dis- 表示"不"，例词：disagree, dislike 前缀 en- 表示"使……处于某种状态"，例词：enable, enrich 前缀 im-, in- 表示"不"，例词：impossible, impatient, inexpensive 前缀 inter- 表示"在……之间，相互"，例词：international, interconnect 前缀 mis- 表示"错误地"，例词：mislead, misunderstand 前缀 non- 表示"不，非"，例词：non-smoker, non-native 前缀 re- 表示"再，重复"，例词：rewrite, retell 前缀 un- 表示"不"，例词：unable, unhappy, unpopular (2) 常见后缀 构成名词的后缀： -er, -or，例词：teacher, worker, visitor -ian，例词：musician -ing，例词：building, painting, shopping, meaning -ist，例词：artist, scientist -ment，例词：agreement, government -ness，例词：coldness, happiness, illness -th，例词：truth, warmth -tion，例词：competition, education, information, invitation -ty，例词：activity, safety 构成形容词的后缀： -able, -ible，例词：comfortable, eatable, enjoyable, possible -al，例词：environmental, international, national, traditional -ful，例词：careful, helpful, useful -ive，例词：active, expensive -less，例词：careless, helpless, homeless, useless -ly，例词：friendly, lovely, monthly, weekly -ous，例词：dangerous, famous 构成数词的后缀： -teen，例词：eighteen, fifteen, seventeen -th，例词：fifteenth, fifth, fortieth, seventh -ty，例词：forty, sixty, twenty 构成副词的后缀： -ly，例词：badly, carefully, carelessly, happily, quickly (3) 派生规律 由一个词根加上相应的词缀可以派生出名词、形容词、副词等，掌握派生规律对扩充词汇有很大帮助。例如： 由 interest 可以派生出：interesting, uninteresting, interestingly, interested, uninterested 由 help 可以派生出：helpless, helplessly, helpful, helpfully 由 able 可以派生出：enable, unable, ability, disable 3. 转化法 英语构词法中把一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变的方法称作转化法。常见的转化有： (1) 动词转化为名词 — Let's talk about it more. 咱们再谈谈这件事吧。 — I think we'd better finish the talk now. 我想我们最好现在结束谈话。 (2) 名词转化为动词 She gave me a cup of water. 她给了我一杯水。 You should water the flowers twice a day. 你应该每天给这些花浇两次水。 (3) 形容词转化为名词 She was wearing a black dress. 她穿着一条黑色的裙子。 The girl in black looks very beautiful. 那个穿黑衣服的女孩看上去很漂亮。 习题部分 习题一：识别构词法类型 判断下列单词是通过哪种构词法构成的： 1. classroom 2. unhappy 3. teacher 4. blackboard 5. retell 6. carefully 7. impossible 8. football 9. friendship 10. misunderstand 习题二：合成词构成 将下列单词组合成合适的合成词： 1. after + noon 2. news + paper 3. class + mate 4. grand + father 5. kind + hearted 6. middle + aged 7. hard + working 8. every + one 9. him + self 10. over + look 习题三：前缀运用 为下列单词加上合适的前缀构成反义词： 1. agree 2. able 3. possible 4. patient 5. lead 6. understand 7. smoker 8. write 9. happy 10. popular 习题四：后缀运用 为下列词根加上合适的后缀构成新词： 1. teach (表人的名词) 2. music (表人的名词) 3. build (表事物的名词) 4. art (表人的名词) 5. agree (表抽象名词) 6. happy (表抽象名词) 7. true (表抽象名词) 8. compete (表抽象名词) 9. care (表形容词，意为"小心的") 10. friend (表形容词) 习题五：派生词系列 根据所给词根，写出其派生词： 1. interest: ______, ______, ______, ______, ______ 2. help: ______, ______, ______, ______ 3. able: ______, ______, ______, ______ 习题六：词性转化 分析下列句子中划线单词的词性转化： 1. Let's talk about it. (动词) / We had a long talk. (______) 2. She gave me some water. (名词) / I water the plants every day. (______) 3. She wears a red dress. (形容词) / The girl in red is my sister. (______) 4. Please hand me the book. (______) / He has a small hand. (名词) 5. We lunch at school. (______) / We have lunch at 12 o'clock. (名词) 6. It's a clean room. (形容词) / I clean my room every day. (______) 7. He made a wish. (名词) / I wish you happiness. (______) 8. Don't laugh at him. (动词) / She said with a laugh. (______) 9. It's an empty box. (形容词) / I empty the box. (______) 10. We walk to school. (动词) / Let's go for a walk. (______) 答案 习题一： 1. 合成法 2. 派生法 3. 派生法 4. 合成法 5. 派生法 6. 派生法 7. 派生法 8. 合成法 9. 派生法 10. 派生法 习题二： 1. afternoon 2. newspaper 3. classmate 4. grandfather 5. kind-hearted 6. middle-aged 7. hard-working 8. everyone 9. himself 10. overlook 习题三： 1. disagree 2. unable 3. impossible 4. impatient 5. mislead 6. misunderstand 7. non-smoker 8. rewrite 9. unhappy 10. unpopular 习题四： 1. teacher 2. musician 3. building 4. artist 5. agreement 6. happiness 7. truth 8. competition 9. careful 10. friendly 习题五： 1. interesting, uninteresting, interestingly, interested, uninterested 2. helpless, helplessly, helpful, helpfully 3. enable, unable, ability, disable 习题六： 1. 名词 2. 动词 3. 名词 4. 动词 5. 动词 6. 动词 7. 动词 8. 名词 9. 动词 10. 名词 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $