专题6 动词、动词短语（讲义）-2026版云南省（职教高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》

易混动词词义辨析

能区分含义相近动词（如receive/accept、borrow/keep、bring/take）的语义差异，结合语境选择正确动词。

考查“近义词辨析”（如 receive表“收到”，accept表“接受”），是词汇语法题的高频考点，易因语义混淆失分。

(2022.9) I have received a gift from him, but I’m not going to accept it.

高频动词短语搭配

能掌握“turn/look/take/have/go” 等核心动词构成的固定短语，理解其语义及语境应用。

考查“动词+介词/副词”构成的短语（如turn off/on、look up、take part in）.

(2023.24) We should turn off lights in time if we don’t need them.

(2022.69) Don’t forget to hand in your homework tomorrow.

情态动词

能掌握can（能力/许可）、must（必须/肯定推测）、should（应该）、may（可能）的语义，区分 “肯定/否定/疑问”的推测语气。

考查“情态动词表义务（must/should）”“表推测（must be 一定是/may be 可能是）”，易混淆“mustn’t（禁止）与don’t have to（不必）”。

(2022.27) The baby is in danger, so a doctor must be sent for at once.

(2021.29) Children would better not play on the road.

连系动词

能识别连系动词（be动词、感官动词sound/taste/feel、变化动词 become/get），掌握“连系动词+形容词”的结构。

考查“连系动词后接形容词作表语”。

(2024.20) It sounds wonderful.

(2022.16) I was surprised about it.

(2023.20) Winter is coming. It’s getting colder and colder.

瞬间动词与延续性动词

能掌握瞬间动词（borrow/buy）与延续性动词（keep/have）的转换，匹配现在完成时的“for+时间段”标志。

考查“瞬间动词不可与延续性时间状语连用”，需转换为延续性动词，是现在完成时的高频易错点。

(2021.25) Her grandmother has been dead for three years.

(2022.26) How many English movies have you seen since last year?

receive VS accept

receive：收到（客观动作，无需主观意愿）；

accept：接受（主观同意，主动选择）

- I received a gift（收到礼物）, but I didn’t accept it（没接受）.

borrow VS lend VS keep

borrow：借入（从他人处拿，短暂）；

lend：借出（给他人，短暂）；

keep：保留（持续，延续性）

- Can I borrow your pen?（借入）

- I’ll lend you mine.（借出）

- You can keep it for 3 days.（保留）

bring VS take VS carry

bring：带来（从别处到说话地）；

take：带走（从说话地到别处）；

carry：搬运（无方向，强调负重）

- Bring your book here（带来）.

- Take the trash away（带走）.

- He carries a heavy box（搬运）.

die VS be dead

die：死亡（瞬间动词，不可延续）；

be dead：死亡状态（延续性，可与for/since连用）

- His grandfather died in 2020（瞬间）.

- His grandfather has been dead for 5 years（延续）.

look VS see VS

look：看（动作，不及物，需加 at）；

- Look at the blackboard（看动作）.

watch

see：看见（结果）；watch：观看（专注地看，如电视/比赛）

- I see a bird（看见结果）.

- Watch TV（观看）.

turn on

打开（电器、水/煤气等）

Turn on the light.

turn off

关闭（电器、水/煤气等）

Turn off the TV when you leave.（2023.24）

turn up

调大（音量、温度等）；出现

Turn up the volume./He turned up late.

turn down

调小（音量、温度等）；拒绝

Turn down the radio./She turned down his invitation.

look up

查阅（字典/资料）；抬头看

Look up the word in the dictionary.

look for

寻找（强调过程）

She is looking for her keys.

look after

照顾；照料

Look after your little sister.

look forward to

期待（to 为介词，后接 doing）

I’m looking forward to seeing you.

take part in

参加（活动、比赛等）

He took part in the sports meeting.

take care of

照顾；处理

Take care of yourself.

take off

脱下（衣服）；起飞

Take off your coat./The plane took off.

take place

发生（无被动）

The accident took place yesterday.