Unit 1 Laugh out Loud! Using language Grammar 课件-2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第一册

I love you. 主语 一个句子的核心（名词/代词） 谓语 主语的动作/状态（动词） 宾语 表示动作的承受者（名词/代词） The boy is called Xiaopang. 主语 谓语 宾语 I like popular music. 主语 谓语 定语 宾语 2. I like music that I can dance to. 主 语 谓 语 宾 语 定语从句 Review The woman who is receiving the prize is Tu Youyou. 先行词 定语从句 关系词 关系代词 关系副词 who/whom which/that whose/as where when why 引导作用(引导定语从句) 替代作用(替代先行词) 在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用 作用 1. Look at the girl _________ is singing so beautifully. 2. He gave me a pen ___________ he bought last week. 3. Mary has read all the books ______ I lent her. 4. Jim is the boy ______ hat is red. 5. Do you know the woman ______________ our teacher is talking to? 6. ____ everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history. who/that that/which that whose who/whom/that As 关系代词在定语从句中代替先行词做主语、宾语、表语或定语。先行词做主宾表, 是人时用 _____, ______ 或 _____; 是物时用 ______ 或 ______。先行词作定语, 表示“…… 的”时, 用 ______。修饰句子且表示“正如......”时，用_______。 who whom that which that as whose 7. Is it the reason ______________ you were late? 8. I remember that day _______________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. 9. We walked in a garden _______________ many trees and flowers had been planted. 10. 2001-2005 are the years __________________ I studied in the university. why/for which when/during which where/in which when/on which 关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词做状语。先行词作原因状语时用_____；作地点状语时用 _______；作时间状语时, 用 ______。还可以用____________来替换关系副词。 why where when 介词+which 1. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一个在医院工作的姐姐/妹妹。 2.I have a sister, who works in a hospital. 我有一个姐姐/妹妹，她在医院工作。 不只有一个姐姐/妹妹 只有一个姐姐/妹妹 思考：是什么造成了这样的区别？ 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整 翻译 翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句 翻译成两个分句 关系代词的使用 1.做宾语时可省略 2. 可用that 3.可用who代替whom 1.不可省 2. 不用that 3. 不用who代替whom 意义不同 1. I saw the guy who delivers my mail yesterday. 2. I'll always remember the river where we learned to swim. which guy? which river? 1. Paris, where I spent six months studying, is the most beautiful city in the world. 2. The woman , whose children are the same age as yours, invited us over for dinner next week. 若去掉，句子含义不明确 若去掉，不影响句子含义 Restrictive relative clause Non-restrictive relative clause 先行词不同 限制性定从的先行词一般是名词或代词， 非限制性定从的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可是整个句子。 Mexico is a city which has a lot of attractions. He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy. 翻译不同 He is the man who lives next to me. He is a warm-hearted man, who lives next to me. 限制性定从译成先行词的定语：“……的 ”。 非限制性定从通常先译主句, 后译从句, 翻译成两个分句 他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。 他是个热心肠的人, 住在我的隔壁。 关系词不同 判断下列句子正误 In our class there are 39 students, of who half wear glasses. whom 1. 在非限制性定从中，关系代词指人作主语时，只能用who；作宾语时，用whom/who，若介词提前，则必须用 whom。 Wang Fang passed her exam, that surprised me a great deal. which 2. that不能引导非限制性定从。 This is the girl whom/that/who I met in the street. I have told them the reason, why I didn’t come to the party. for which 3. why不能引导非限制性定从，要用for which代替。 The car which/that I bought last year does not work. 4. 限制性定从中，关系词作宾语，可省略。 非限制性定从中，关系词作宾语，不可省略。 。 The car I bought last year does not work. The car, which I bought last year, does not work. The car, I bought last year, does not work. as We have found such materials as are used in their factory. These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. He is not the same man as he was. 思考： as是哪一类关系词？ 这类句子有什么特点？ as We have found such materials as are used in their factory. These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. He is not the same man as he was. 1. as引导限制性定语从句时，主要用于the same… as…，such… as…，so… as… 结构中。as在定语从句中既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。 as常见搭配 众所周知 正如你所知道的那样 正如所预料的那样 正如我们所期待的 正如上面所提到的 正如报道/所说的那样 正如一句谚语所说/俗话说 正如指出的 正如你所看见的 情况通常如此 ① is reported, the pop star will come to Xiushui next month. ②The pop star will come to Xiushui next month, is reported. ③It was the fourth time that he had got first prize, surprised all of us. ④He published so many books, some of are still popular. ⑤Look! He wears the same kind of shoes you do. As as which which as PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT As or Which？ whose 1. The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class. The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class. 2. The house is mine. The window of the house is broken. The house whose window is broken is mine. whose引导定语从句时，相当于先行词的所有格，在从句中做定语，后面必须跟一个名词。 whose 2. The house is mine. The window of the house is broken. The house whose window is broken is mine. whose+名词可以换成the + 名词+ of which/whom。 The house，the window of which is broken, is mine. 3. Look at the girl. Her hair is long and wavy. Look at the girl whose hair is long and wavy. Look at the girl, the hair of whom is long and wavy. 1. 当先行词既包括人又包括物时 He talked about the men and the books that attracted him. 2. 指物先行词被the very, just, the right, the only, the last等修饰时 These are the very points that interest me. The train is the last that will go to Beijing. 3. 先行词是指物的不定代词all, any, every, much, some, few, little, no及something, everything, anything, nothing, none 或这些词被 修饰时 There is still much that can be done about it. that vs which 只能用that的情况 4. 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 The first step that we are to take is very difficult. This is the best way that has been used to deal with pollution. 5. 主句主语是who或which时 Who that have seen him does not like him? Which is the bike that you lost? 6. 有两个定语从句，为了避免重复，一个用which，一个用that They built a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution. that vs which 只能用that的情况 1. 非限制性定语从句中 He talked about his success, which bored others. 2. 紧跟介词后 The is the house in which I lived for 10 years. 3. 先行词本身就是that What’s that which flashed through the sky just now? that vs which 只能用which的情况 特殊情况 – way What surprised me was not what he said but the way ______________ he said it. The way _________________ he explained to us was quite simple. The way __________________ he explained the sentence was easy to understand. in which/that/不填 which/that/不填 in which/that/不填 特殊情况 – way: way作从句中的主、宾、表 – that/which/省略 way 做状语– that/in which/省略 补充2：“名词/代词/数词/形容词最高级/介词短语+of+关系代词(which/whom)”结构 Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. China has 34 provinces, some of which are pretty poor. tip: 以上结构一般用于引导非限制性定语从句。 真题体验 1.(2023·全国乙卷)Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones,and you get to care for them as they mature—　　　　 is part of the joy of owning plants.  which 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。由句意可知,空处代指整个主句在定语从句中作主语。故填which。 真题体验 2.(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,　　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.  考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,且在从句中作主语。故填who。 who （2018 全国卷I）The book, ______ I bought yesterday, will be a gift for my sister. which 介词 + whose + 名词 1.I wish to thank professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far. 2.The Dragon Tower, from top visitors can enjoy a good sight of Harbin,attracts hundreds of tourists every day. whose whose Try to translate 1. My sister who works in Shanghai sends me email almost every day. 2. He is the man whose car was stolen. 3. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 4. They rely on themselves, which is much better. 我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 Charles Smith 去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 他们依靠自己，这样好的多。 The sentence doesn't make sense. The two sentences still make sense. 2. Which sentences contain a clause with essential(必不可少)information and which with extra(额外的) information? If you take away the clauses, do the sentences still make sense(有意义)? 3. Which clauses are separated by a comma(逗号), the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information? Sentences (a) and (b) with extra information are separated by commas. Read the passage (P6) and rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses. Check the answers Go for a walk in the countryside, where you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere. Spend time with your family and friends, which will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier. Check the answrs Try to accept your mistakes, where / through which you can learn a lot. Check the answers Close your eyes and picture the future, where you’ve made your dreams come true. Check the answers Complete the joke(P7) with the sentence parts in the box using who / which and put commas in the correct position. One day, Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson go camping. They put up their tent under the stars and go to sleep. Suddenly, in the middle of the night, Watson is woken up by Holmes1______________________. , who is lying next to him “Watson,” Holmes says, “look up at the stars, and tell me what they tell you." Not quite sure what he means, Watson thinks Holmes is joking 2___________________ , which he finds annoying Check the answers at this time of night. Even so, he replies, “I see millions of stars and it’s quite likely there are some planets like Earth. And if so, this means that there might also be life on other planets.” Watson is pleased with his answer 3______________________________. But Holmes , which he thinks will impress Holmes , who has lost his patience by now 4______________________________ shouts, “Watson, look around you! Use your eyes! Somebody’s stolen our tent!” $