第06讲 词汇填空之“钓鱼方略”（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题06 词汇填空之“钓鱼方略” 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 4 考点一：熟词生义题（重点） 4 考点二：一词多性题（难点） 9 考点三：构词法知识题（重点） 13 考点四：固定搭配题 17 实战精练与提升 34 考情解读 一、考试要求 · 主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词； · 动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。 · 名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。 · 副词考察较少，难度不大。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。 · 每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。要注意积累派生词。 特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。 二、近年命题难点分析 一词多义 一词多性 固定搭配 acknowledgement n.承认；感谢；确认 crack n.裂缝；爆裂声，噼啪声 v.破解；破裂；击中；发出爆裂声，噼啪声； log n.原木；日志 v.登录；记录 it is an acknowledgement that (我们)必须承认 be conscious of有意识的 log on 登录 acknowledge v.承认；感谢；确认 （acknowledged公认的） suspect n.嫌犯 v.怀疑 （suspected adj.可疑的） feature n.特征 v.以…为特色;以…为主要组成; 由…主演;起重要作用 suspected shoplifters 可疑的扒手 grow/be accustomed to 习惯于 commit v.犯罪；保证，承诺 superior n.上级；较好的人 adj.级别高的，年长的 contact n.联系；联系人；接触（者）；隐形眼镜 v.联系；接触 commit oneself to sth 致力于. evolve v.进化；演变 （evolving ad.j不断发展的;进化的） literacy n.读写能力；识字；有文化 alert adj.警觉的;警惕的 v.向…报警;使警觉; n.警惕;警报 challenge n./v.挑战 network n.网络；网状系统 v.将…连接成网络;建立联系 mental shift 心态的转变 determined adj.坚定的；确定的，决定的 perform v.表演，表现；履行 (performing adj.表现的) focus n.焦点 v.集中（on） visual worsening视力恶化 modified myopia （改良性）假性近视 知识梳理 · “钓鱼方略”及解题步骤： A. environment B. necessarily　 C. allowed　 D. cheated　 E. international F. admitted G. hardly　 H. necessary　 I. joy　 J. communication　 K. difficulty A friend of mine once asked me: “Why should a Chinese take time to learn a language that is not his own?” Obviously he has ___1____in learning a foreign language. He is not the only one who is mentally against English learning. One reason, as I suspect, is the way English is taught. The emphasis on memorization is such that no ___2____is left in the process of learning, only endless annoyance. What students are presented in the classroom is not the language in real-world ___3____. A Chinese student with extremely high scores for American standardized tests was ___4____ into one of the most famous universities. But his professors soon found out that he could___5____ understand the lesson. Suspecting that he___6____in the tests, the school demanded he repeat them. Again, he passed with high scores. Not till then did they realize that the student had mastered the techniques for dealing with the tests, not___7____the skills of using the language. 　　Many people take TOFEL, IELTS, GRE, annual Band 4 and Band 6 exams not because they work in areas where English is a(n)____8____tool,but because they have to do it for job promotion or enrolment in certain programs. 　　Must English learning be such a pain in the neck? 　 Create a(n)___9____ where learning English is natural and painless. Don't make it compulsory for people whose work or major does not require it. China will not become more___10___ by adding millions of people who can only say a simple “Hello”. 【Keys】: KIJFG DBHAE 【解析】: 第一步：词性分类 A. environment n. B. necessarily adv. C. allowed v./adj D. cheated v./adj. E. international adj. F. admitted v./adj. G. hardly adv. H. necessary adj. I. joy n J. communication n. K. difficulty n. 在进行这一步时要注意两个问题： 1. 在英文中有的单词不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的visit、access、approach、challenge、change等就即有名词词性又有动词词性。 2. 以-ing或-ed结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的形容词。例如：sleeping在“She is sleeping.”中就是动词，而在“sleeping beauty”中就是形容词，答题时以动词为首选进行判断。 第二步：抓住中心，略读文章 首先要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。建议使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。 第三步：确定空格词性，填词入空 首先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空的词性，然后按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑关系做出选择。 以示例中第一个空为例，空前面的词是has，这时出现两种情况： 1. has是及物动词后面可以加宾语，需要填入一个名词。 2. has是现在完成时的助动词，后面需要使用过去分词。 也就是说名词性的environment, joy, excitement, difficulty和过去分词形式的allowed, admitted, cheated都有可能。但是空后面的是一个介词in而allowed, admitted都是及物动词后面加宾语时不需要介词，所以空中只能从environment, joy, excitement, difficulty四个名词和cheated中选取。根据上下文，此空应为“困难”，而且符合句型have difficulty in doing，故选difficulty。然后请在difficulty的K处用笔作个记号，表示已用过了。 确认空格处词性的规律： 1.确定空格为名词 (1) 如果空格前面为冠词a /an/the、形容词adj.或者及物动词vt.，空格处应填入名词。示例第三空communication(交流) (2) 如果空格前面是介词，空格充当该介词的宾语，需填入一个名词。示例第二空joy (3) 如果空格后面是谓语动词的，且空格前没有句子主语，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)。示例第九空environment 2.确定空格为动词 (1) 如果空格前面已经有名词或代词做主语，后面又有名词或代词作为动词的宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应为及物动词。 (2) 如果空格处前面是be动词，后面又无宾语且句意为被动，空格中应填及物动词的过去 分词。示例第四空admitted (3) 如果空格前面是名词或代词做主语，后面没有宾语或有一个介词加宾语，且中间无谓语 动词，空格处应填不及物动词。示例第六空cheated (4) 如果空格处前面是名词或代词做主语，后面是形容词，空格应填入系动词或be动词。 (5) 如果空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。 3.确定空格为形容词 (1) 如果空格后面为名词的，空格处可能填入形容词。示例第八空necessary (2) 如果空格处前面是副词的，空格处可能填入形容词。 (3) 如果空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处可能填入形容词作表语。示例第十空international 4.确定空格为副词 (1) 如果空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处可能填入副词。示例第五空hardly (2) 如果空格处后面是形容词的，空格处可能填入副词。 第四步：跳读检查 只读有空格的句子，检查句意是否通顺。之后，再通读全文，进行再次检查。 考点精讲 解题策略 第一步，判断方框内单词词性 有些词具有多个词性，不认识的词要看后缀。构词法中,  前缀区分意思,  后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。词性无法确定的,  暂时搁置。 第二步，略读抓中心。 略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题词与了解文章大致内容。 第三步，填词入空。分为三小步： 1、确认空处可填词性， 2、同性词筛选， 3、按逻辑关系代入确认答案。 · 考点一：熟词生义 （2018上海春考） A. address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute to the lord. They would ___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. （2017上海春考模拟卷） A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate G. mirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization. （2025年闵行一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. display B. features C. home D. peak E. timing F. mass G. equivalent H. favor I. extensive J. upsets K. distinction The Atacama Desert stretches along the coast of northern Chile, covering over 40,000 square miles of dry land. It has a reputation as the harshest desert in the world, although that （11）________ technically belongs to the Antarctica desert. （2025年杨浦一模） A. energy B. choking C. conditional D. sandwiching E. primitively F. episode G. mean H. disproportionately I. spot J. intensified K. assured Tackle Christmas Conflicts Helen Snape, a healthy relationship coach says that there are signs to help easily ___13___ people pleasing. Some common signs include over-committing, avoiding conflict, and taking blame. Most people pleasers are deeply caring people. In order to avoid getting sucked into a(n) ___16___ that you’ll later hate, you must identify and communicate your boundaries in advance, advises Snape. For people pleasers, this is hard to do, because they worry it could make the family atmosphere feel oppressive or ___17___. “It’s going to feel uncomfortable setting those limits, but you can be well ___19___ that the discomfort is temporary and you will live through it,” Snape says. She recommends managing that emotional discomfort by ___20___ it between two regulating activities like nature walks, calming music, or talking with friends. Remember, prioritizing your needs enables healthier, happier holidays. · 考点二：一词多性 These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best. A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting 【答案】G 【解析】本句意为“这种要求要注意均衡内饰的需要和使得员工起到最好的作用，内饰在一定程度上，可以加强，建立或促进公司的形象。”结合搭配enable sb to do sth可以知道空格填动词形式，而且是原形。需注意function可以做名词（“功能”），也可做不及物动词动词用（“起作用”）。 （2019上海春考） For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to ___14___ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that ___15___ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together. （2025年徐汇一模） A. present B. accomplishment C. plug D. household E. defeated F. significant G. diagnose H. addicts I. amateur J. alerted K. picture · 考点三：构词法知识（派生/转化/合成/缀合） （2016上海高考） A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. （2017黄埔一模） A. administered B. assess C. evaluating D. externally E. improperly F. life-threatening G. measures H. original I. preexisting J. principles K. vital Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and __ preexisting___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. （2025年嘉定一模） A. access B. ended C. exchanged D. increased E. mirrored F. narrow G. non-judgmentally H. non-productively I. shame J. stranger K. understood As he had been instructed, Aaron “listened” openly and ___14___ to the young woman. He didn’t offer advice: he didn’t try to help her solve her problems. Mostly, his messages ___15___ back what he’d heard from her, occasionally emphasizing a strength that he’d noticed — like the fact that she’d taken this step to help herself even in the middle of her depression. （2025年浦东新区一模） A. accompany B. alternative C. diverse D. doubt E. predictable F. reflecting G. reframe H. reportedly I. seeking J. socially K. undesirable · 考点四：固定搭配 在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见。此外，非常重要的一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说的to, in , on , at ,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如： 1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. （account）（2016上海高考） 2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? (commit) (2014上海高考) 3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods as healthy or unhealthy. (classify) （2014上海高考） 实战训练 一、名校试题 Passage 01 【来源】上海市晋元中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．attached        B．dedicated        C． gains            D．inclusive        E. pressures F. profile            G. relatable        H. sacred            I. specific     J. stuck K. touch Faceless influencers Faceless influencers are becoming famous online. They are everywhere on social media. Just don’t ask what they look like. Meet faceless influencers, who are attracting millions of followers and are quietly conquering social media, turning their anonymity (匿名) into commercial 1 . Their aesthetic is usually soothing, minimalist and domestic. Hands with shiny nails hold iced coffees; nondescript (不起眼的) figures lie in cozy bedrooms. Some accounts may show fleeting glimpses of an influencer’s 2 . But all hide their identities as much as possible. On TikTok some 200,000 posts are tagged Faceless; they have a combined 1.1bn views. Facebook groups such as “Girls Gone Faceless” boast over 100,000 members. Faceless creators have the same 3 followings as traditional influencers. The only difference is that their followers are fascinated with their lifestyle, not their 4 life. Social media and influencer culture have always emphasized personal identity. But viewers are now seeking out these invisible influencers. Removing identity markers has made faceless influencing a more 5 space, because the content is neutral. This often means it is more 6 , because audiences can imagine themselves there. Two things changed to give rise to the new faceless trend. One was the success of Asia’s unnamed “silent vloggers”, whose cinematic videos of daily life while 7 at home during the pandemic went viral. The second was the desire of people to make money as influencers without devoting their whole lives to it. Faceless influencers may be thriving today, but they are not immune to 8 . Some wonder whether they are more likely to be displaced by those that use artificial intelligence to create content cheaply. There is also the risk of imitation by other influencers. “It can be challenging to differentiate myself since there’s no physical identity 9 , so it’s important for me to always add a personal 10 , such as a playful tone in my captions”, says Ms. Ortega. But there is no guarantee of success. After all, faceless influencers’ biggest competition is not other creators but the recommendation algorithm—the most important invisible influencer of them all. Passage 02 【来源】上海市延安中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．derived  B．chilled  C． evoked  D．festive  E. twist  F. disorienting  G. flashing   H. murderous   I. forming  J. properties  K. vegans A riotous (狂欢的) indulgence To the young trainees at West Point, the prospect of eggnog without whisky was unconscionable. Openly disregarding a ban on alcohol, a group took a boat across the Hudson river and obtained gallons of grog (一种烈酒). Around 90 trainees got so drunk that they spent Christmas morning smashing windows and 11 their weapons. Among the participants in the “Eggnog Riot” of 1826 was Jefferson Davis, who later became president of the Confederacy. Eggnog is a sweet beverage with a serious edge. It is probably 12 from “posset” — a mixture involving a combination of cream or milk, eggs, spices and ale or wine. Posset was believed to have medicinal 13 when King Charles I came down with a cold in the 1600s, his physician prescribed it. The annual flu probably established the drink’s association with winter. But Christmas has also given eggnog a boost. The spices used — cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg — are present in other 14 treats, such as ginger-bread. For centuries cream and fresh eggs were harder to acquire in winter, so were viewed as luxuries. Britons brought the drink to America in the 18th century. Stronger wine, traditionally used to add posset, was difficult to obtain, so Americans laced (掺) their version with bourbon, rum or whisky instead. Though eggnog is consumed in many English-speaking countries, Americans are the most keen on it. They consume around 15m gallons every year, the equivalent of one small cup per person. Many countries have added their own 15 . Germans make Eierpunsch with wine. Peruvians add pisco, a white brandy; South Africans opt for amarula, a liqueur. Eggnog has also been adapted for a health-conscious age, and 16 can forgo eggs and use almond, coconut or oat milk, which is less fatty, a single portion of the original can exceed 300 calories. Its creaminess is a reminder of the comforts of childhood, while the addition of booze is a grown-up pleasure. Unlike mulled wine, eggnog is often served 17 , so none of the alcohol evaporates. A recipe attributed to George Washington could take down an elephant: he called for adding brandy, rum, sherry and whisky. The 18 effect of eggnog was known long before the riot that bears its name. In Shakespeare’s play, the   19 Lady Macbeth drugs the servants’ posset in order to gain access to the king’s bedroom: “That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold.” Today the drink is associated with less serious crimes. A poem published in the American Beacon on Christmas Eve in 1817 20 ancient Greek mythology to suggest that the drink turned respectable people into beasts: “When Circe, the witch, caught Ulysses’s men/She gave each a dram (少量的酒) that soon made him a hog/The identical mixture — ‘tis now as’ twas then/So attend to the moral, beware of eggnog. Passage 03 【来源】2025届上海市嘉定区交大附中附属中学高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．decompose    B．identifiable    C． objective    D．plentiful    E. practice    F. previously       G. primitive    H. sculpt    I. signal    J. slice    K. systematically Bone tools invented much earlier than previously thought The Stone Age was the original Industrial Revolution, which began possibly as early as 3 million years ago. During the period, our human ancestors and their close cousins learned to 21 a wide range of tools from rocks. But despite the era’s name, at least some Stone Age toolmakers also made frequent use of bone. How early they did so and when the 22 became common, has been unclear. Now, a collection of bone tools from Tanzania’s Olduvai Gorge suggests early humans 23 worked on that art by 1.5 million years ago, fashioning heavy cutting tools from bones of hippos, elephants, and other large animals. The finding may 24 that these ancient craftsmen possessed the capability to transfer technological innovations from one material to another. “The most exciting aspect is that these bone tools were produced long before it was 25 thought,” says Lucinda Backwell, an archaeologist (考古学家) not involved in the study. For ancient toolmakers, bones offered an attractive raw material. They could be 26 in places lacking rocks typically used for tools. In addition, the leg bones of large animals were well-shaped for making cutting tools and far lighter than rocks of equal size. Deciding when exactly bone toolmaking became commonplace has remained difficult. Unlike stones, bones often 27 . It can be hard to distinguish 28 bony tools from the broken fossils (化石) typically found at archaeological sites. In 2015, a team from the Olduvai Gorge Archaeology Project, a site hosting a 2-million-year record of fossils, uncovered an elephant leg bone with clear signs of having been shaped and sharpened by human hands. Eventually, the team recovered 27 bone tools, mostly from giant animals such as elephants and hippos. Many were 29 as tools because toolmakers chipped off small pieces to shape the edges. Researchers believe the bones — along with stone tools also found around — were used as heavy cutting tools to 30 meat and smash open bones. “They were not only interested in animals just for foodstuff,” de la Torre says. “They were interested in animals as raw material sources.” Passage 04 【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．emergency   B．priceless   C． destroyed   D．fulfill   AB．unheard AC． populated   AD．interpret   BC． threat   BD．protests   CD．effective   ABC． outlined They threw paint and food on the glass exterior protecting famous paintings. Activists said they were conveying a powerful message — art cannot exist on a(n) 31 planet. When Georgia B．Smith recently walked into the Metropolitan Museum of Art on June 24, she felt nervous. The 34-year-old wasn’t there to admire 18th-century paintings alongside New York City’s summer tourists; with red marker on her hands and black tape on her mouth, she was there to voice her 32 concerns. Smith is part of a growing climate activist movement whose 33 center art and museums. Since at least May 2022, environmentalists with groups like Just Stop Oil and Extinction Rebellion have been using cake, soup, paint, and glue to capture the attention of museum visitors. Each time, their message is simple: there is no art on a dead planet. But these climate activists say they have no interest in damaging art. Instead, they want to raise awareness about the climate 34 and attract new members. “The function of art is for people to be able to understand the world that they live in and reflect on the human condition, but big art doesn’t 35 that function,” Mukhopadhyay said. “That’s the reason for us to be in museums: to tell people that we are in the middle of a crisis, and it is the time now for you to face that crisis.” Climate change is also itself a(n) 36 to art: Leading cultural institutions, the Foundation for Advancement in Conservation and the National Endowment for the Humanities, 37 in a June report the need for “immediate action” to address climate change given how it puts cultural heritage sites, art collections, and institutions at risk. Museums, however, say these behaviors are attacks on 38 artworks. One survey published in November of last year suggested public support of climate protests may drop after demonstrations such as pretending to spoil art. A larger set of data suggest the art museum protests might be a(n) 39 call to action, though it’s too early to tell. Dylan Bugden, an assistant professor of environmental sociology at Washington State University, researches the way people 40 social movements. “When we talk about climate change activism and social movement strategy, what really matters is not a one-off protest event and catching people’s attention here and there,” Bugden said. “It’s building grassroots activism and organizations that can mobilize people to vote, to protest, to take action. Building that kind of association is what it will take to do something about climate change.” Passage 05 【来源】2025届上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学高三下学期三模英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．complex B．form C． handful D．largely E. occasionally F. preferred G. resistant H. survived I. sensitive J. sporting K. suggesting Thermae Romae (罗马浴场) When considering the legacy of ancient Rome, most scholars focus on the gladiatorial (角斗) games and republican institutions. Often ignored are Rome’s countless baths. Although 41 abandoned by the Western world today, public bathing was a cornerstone of Roman civilization. The baths even 42 the fall of Rome itself, continuing to operate into the Early Middle Ages. But what was it about these places that made them so 43 to historical change? As it turns out, there’s a lot more to them than rest and relaxation. The oldest of the Thermae Romae dates to the 2nd century BC, and they increased in both size and numbers as time went on. In 33 BC, the number of baths in the Eternal City alone had risen from a(n) 44 to more than 170. By the early 5th century AD, that quantity had climbed to an astonishing 856. Though many baths prioritized 45 over function, the most impressive of them were architectural wonders. The greatest of the greatest, the Terme di Caracalla, rivals the Forum and Pantheon in scale. Spanning 11 hectares and decorated with mosaics and statues, the 46 seems to have been capable of accommodating as many as 2,500 guests. Roman baths were also marvels of engineering. Water, carried over by channels, was heated before being poured into various pools. Versatility was the name of the game, with even the smallest public baths 47 at least three different pools: a warm pool; a hot pool; and, finally, a cold pool. Medium-sized thermae also featured steam rooms, similar to saunas. The biggest thermae went even further, offering outdoor courtyards where people could socialize or exercise, as well as gardens and libraries. While the 48 sports varied from one Italian region to another, common activities included boxing, wrestling, discus throwing, and weightlifting. Besides evidence from written sources, archaeological evidence can give us an even clearer picture of what went on inside these places. The evidence includes not only the remains of the baths themselves, but also the objects that researchers have been able to recover from their 49 undamaged drainage systems. Archacologists recovered nail cleaners, needles, and food remains, 50 some baths may have been fitted with medical facilities, textile workshops, and food stands. 二、真题演练 （2019上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain ___11___. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career. But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s ___12___. The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker. Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then ___13___ adapt as situations change. For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to ___14___ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that ___15___ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together. To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in ___16___ circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams. It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can ___17___ problems and organize responses. Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back. The central ___18___ of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal ___19___. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success. Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of ___20___ shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps. （2018上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both ___31___ and well-fortified, the classic European castle is the pinnacle of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the ___32___ of our culture. Castles were ___33___ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror ___34___ through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English ___35___. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way castles served both ___36___ and defensive roles in military operations. Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute to the lord. They would ___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites ___39___ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily ___40___ of the lord's strength. 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 词汇填空之“钓鱼方略” 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 4 考点一：熟词生义题（重点） 4 考点二：一词多性题（难点） 9 考点三：构词法知识题（重点） 13 考点四：固定搭配题 17 实战精练与提升 34 考情解读 一、考试要求 · 主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词； · 动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。 · 名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。 · 副词考察较少，难度不大。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。 · 每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。要注意积累派生词。 特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。 二、近年命题难点分析 一词多义 一词多性 固定搭配 acknowledgement n.承认；感谢；确认 crack n.裂缝；爆裂声，噼啪声 v.破解；破裂；击中；发出爆裂声，噼啪声； log n.原木；日志 v.登录；记录 it is an acknowledgement that (我们)必须承认 be conscious of有意识的 log on 登录 acknowledge v.承认；感谢；确认 （acknowledged公认的） suspect n.嫌犯 v.怀疑 （suspected adj.可疑的） feature n.特征 v.以…为特色;以…为主要组成; 由…主演;起重要作用 suspected shoplifters 可疑的扒手 grow/be accustomed to 习惯于 commit v.犯罪；保证，承诺 superior n.上级；较好的人 adj.级别高的，年长的 contact n.联系；联系人；接触（者）；隐形眼镜 v.联系；接触 commit oneself to sth 致力于. evolve v.进化；演变 （evolving ad.j不断发展的;进化的） literacy n.读写能力；识字；有文化 alert adj.警觉的;警惕的 v.向…报警;使警觉; n.警惕;警报 challenge n./v.挑战 network n.网络；网状系统 v.将…连接成网络;建立联系 mental shift 心态的转变 determined adj.坚定的；确定的，决定的 perform v.表演，表现；履行 (performing adj.表现的) focus n.焦点 v.集中（on） visual worsening视力恶化 modified myopia （改良性）假性近视 知识梳理 · “钓鱼方略”及解题步骤： A. environment B. necessarily　 C. allowed　 D. cheated　 E. international F. admitted G. hardly　 H. necessary　 I. joy　 J. communication　 K. difficulty A friend of mine once asked me: “Why should a Chinese take time to learn a language that is not his own?” Obviously he has ___1____in learning a foreign language. He is not the only one who is mentally against English learning. One reason, as I suspect, is the way English is taught. The emphasis on memorization is such that no ___2____is left in the process of learning, only endless annoyance. What students are presented in the classroom is not the language in real-world ___3____. A Chinese student with extremely high scores for American standardized tests was ___4____ into one of the most famous universities. But his professors soon found out that he could___5____ understand the lesson. Suspecting that he___6____in the tests, the school demanded he repeat them. Again, he passed with high scores. Not till then did they realize that the student had mastered the techniques for dealing with the tests, not___7____the skills of using the language. 　　Many people take TOFEL, IELTS, GRE, annual Band 4 and Band 6 exams not because they work in areas where English is a(n)____8____tool,but because they have to do it for job promotion or enrolment in certain programs. 　　Must English learning be such a pain in the neck? 　 Create a(n)___9____ where learning English is natural and painless. Don't make it compulsory for people whose work or major does not require it. China will not become more___10___ by adding millions of people who can only say a simple “Hello”. 【Keys】: KIJFG DBHAE 【解析】: 第一步：词性分类 A. environment n. B. necessarily adv. C. allowed v./adj D. cheated v./adj. E. international adj. F. admitted v./adj. G. hardly adv. H. necessary adj. I. joy n J. communication n. K. difficulty n. 在进行这一步时要注意两个问题： 1. 在英文中有的单词不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的visit、access、approach、challenge、change等就即有名词词性又有动词词性。 2. 以-ing或-ed结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的形容词。例如：sleeping在“She is sleeping.”中就是动词，而在“sleeping beauty”中就是形容词，答题时以动词为首选进行判断。 第二步：抓住中心，略读文章 首先要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。建议使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。 第三步：确定空格词性，填词入空 首先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空的词性，然后按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑关系做出选择。 以示例中第一个空为例，空前面的词是has，这时出现两种情况： 1. has是及物动词后面可以加宾语，需要填入一个名词。 2. has是现在完成时的助动词，后面需要使用过去分词。 也就是说名词性的environment, joy, excitement, difficulty和过去分词形式的allowed, admitted, cheated都有可能。但是空后面的是一个介词in而allowed, admitted都是及物动词后面加宾语时不需要介词，所以空中只能从environment, joy, excitement, difficulty四个名词和cheated中选取。根据上下文，此空应为“困难”，而且符合句型have difficulty in doing，故选difficulty。然后请在difficulty的K处用笔作个记号，表示已用过了。 确认空格处词性的规律： 1.确定空格为名词 (1) 如果空格前面为冠词a /an/the、形容词adj.或者及物动词vt.，空格处应填入名词。示例第三空communication(交流) (2) 如果空格前面是介词，空格充当该介词的宾语，需填入一个名词。示例第二空joy (3) 如果空格后面是谓语动词的，且空格前没有句子主语，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)。示例第九空environment 2.确定空格为动词 (1) 如果空格前面已经有名词或代词做主语，后面又有名词或代词作为动词的宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应为及物动词。 (2) 如果空格处前面是be动词，后面又无宾语且句意为被动，空格中应填及物动词的过去 分词。示例第四空admitted (3) 如果空格前面是名词或代词做主语，后面没有宾语或有一个介词加宾语，且中间无谓语 动词，空格处应填不及物动词。示例第六空cheated (4) 如果空格处前面是名词或代词做主语，后面是形容词，空格应填入系动词或be动词。 (5) 如果空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。 3.确定空格为形容词 (1) 如果空格后面为名词的，空格处可能填入形容词。示例第八空necessary (2) 如果空格处前面是副词的，空格处可能填入形容词。 (3) 如果空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处可能填入形容词作表语。示例第十空international 4.确定空格为副词 (1) 如果空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处可能填入副词。示例第五空hardly (2) 如果空格处后面是形容词的，空格处可能填入副词。 第四步：跳读检查 只读有空格的句子，检查句意是否通顺。之后，再通读全文，进行再次检查。 考点精讲 解题策略 第一步，判断方框内单词词性 有些词具有多个词性，不认识的词要看后缀。构词法中,  前缀区分意思,  后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。词性无法确定的,  暂时搁置。 第二步，略读抓中心。 略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题词与了解文章大致内容。 第三步，填词入空。分为三小步： 1、确认空处可填词性， 2、同性词筛选， 3、按逻辑关系代入确认答案。 · 考点一：熟词生义 （2018上海春考） A. address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute to the lord. They would ___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. 【答案】 38. A [解析]动词并列表示一系列连贯的动作，前后时态一致。address v. “处理；解决”。address disputes解决纠纷。 （2017上海春考模拟卷） A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate G. mirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization. 【答案】 38. G [解析] 句意：你需要以一种反映他们公司标准的方式进行沟通；这将表明你能够融入那个组织。此处mirror用作动词，“照射”，“反映”。熟词生义。 （2025年闵行一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. display B. features C. home D. peak E. timing F. mass G. equivalent H. favor I. extensive J. upsets K. distinction The Atacama Desert stretches along the coast of northern Chile, covering over 40,000 square miles of dry land. It has a reputation as the harshest desert in the world, although that （11）________ technically belongs to the Antarctica desert. 【答案】11. K 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了阿塔卡马沙漠的相关情况，包括它虽条件恶劣但有着独特的沙漠开花现象，介绍了沙漠开花现象产生的原因、涉及的花卉特点以及厄尔尼诺现象对此现象可能产生的影响等内容。 【11 题详解】 考查名词。句意：它有着世界上最严酷沙漠的名声，尽管严格来说这一殊荣属于南极沙漠。此处作主语，需要一个名词，根据 “belongs to” 以及所给单词，“distinction”（荣誉，殊荣，区别）符合语境，指世界上最严酷沙漠这一荣誉，故填 “K”。考查熟词生义。 （2025年杨浦一模） A. energy B. choking C. conditional D. sandwiching E. primitively F. episode G. mean H. disproportionately I. spot J. intensified K. assured Tackle Christmas Conflicts Helen Snape, a healthy relationship coach says that there are signs to help easily ___13___ people pleasing. Some common signs include over-committing, avoiding conflict, and taking blame. Most people pleasers are deeply caring people. In order to avoid getting sucked into a(n) ___16___ that you’ll later hate, you must identify and communicate your boundaries in advance, advises Snape. For people pleasers, this is hard to do, because they worry it could make the family atmosphere feel oppressive or ___17___. “It’s going to feel uncomfortable setting those limits, but you can be well ___19___ that the discomfort is temporary and you will live through it,” Snape says. She recommends managing that emotional discomfort by ___20___ it between two regulating activities like nature walks, calming music, or talking with friends. Remember, prioritizing your needs enables healthier, happier holidays. 【答案】 13. I 16. F 20. D 【解析】 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：海伦·斯内普（Helen Snape）是一位健康的人际关系教练，她表示，有一些迹象可以帮助您轻松发现取悦他人的人。help sb. do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，此处应用动词原形，根据句意和上文“there are signs to help easily”可知，有一些迹象帮助人们轻松发现那些取悦他人的人，“发现”为动词spot，故选I。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：斯内普建议，为了避免陷入你以后讨厌的经历，你必须提前确定并传达你的界限。此处应用名词作宾语，由a可知，应用名词单数，根据句意可知，此处表示“一段时间；一段经历”，应用名词episode，故选F。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：她建议通过在大自然中散步、平静的音乐或与朋友交谈等两项调节活动中来控制这种情绪不适。根据句意可知，此处表示将调节这种不适夹在两项调节活动之间，即通过调节两项活动来缓解这种不适，表示“把……夹在……之间”，为动词sandwich，由by可知，应用动名词作宾语，故选D。 · 考点二：一词多性 These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best. A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting 【答案】G 【解析】本句意为“这种要求要注意均衡内饰的需要和使得员工起到最好的作用，内饰在一定程度上，可以加强，建立或促进公司的形象。”结合搭配enable sb to do sth可以知道空格填动词形式，而且是原形。需注意function可以做名词（“功能”），也可做不及物动词动词用（“起作用”）。 （2019上海春考） For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to ___14___ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that ___15___ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together. 【答案】 14. H 【解析】本文属于议论文，现在机器几乎可以做任何事情。新世界需要不同类型的人。德雷顿称这种新类型的人是变革者。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：他制作了一个软件叫Haus，能够把邻居组成一个网络。根据后文It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together可知，这个软件可以把邻居联系在一起，故用network（组建网络），故选H。 （2025年徐汇一模） A. present B. accomplishment C. plug D. household E. defeated F. significant G. diagnose H. addicts I. amateur J. alerted K. picture 【答案】 14. K 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：提到“黑客”这个词，我们中的许多人都会想象一个17岁的怪人坐在卧室里，非法侵入五角大楼的美国国防机密。根据句中“a seventeen-year-old geek (怪人) sitting in their bedroom, illegally hacking into the US’s defence secrets in the Pentagon (五角大楼)”可知，此处表示提到黑客时许多人想象的场景，空处应用动词picture ，表示“想象”。故选K。考查一词多性。 · 考点三：构词法知识（派生/转化/合成/缀合） （2016上海高考） A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. 【解析】以上两空均所填入单词均涉及到构词法知识。 43.J  形容词soulless 没有灵魂的；该词在本句中做定语修饰名词design。根据前半句“The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly...”可知美国建筑家Robert Venturi总结过，如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的； 47.B  形容词adjustable可调节的；本句中该词作为定语修饰名词desk lamp，意为“可调节的台灯”，与后句中“regular adjustments by the user” 形成呼应。 （2017黄埔一模） A. administered B. assess C. evaluating D. externally E. improperly F. life-threatening G. measures H. original I. preexisting J. principles K. vital Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and __ preexisting___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. 【解析】以上2空考查了构词法知识，分别是构词法中前缀与合成。preexisting 意思为“以前存在的”；life-threatening意思为 “威胁生命的”。 （2025年嘉定一模） A. access B. ended C. exchanged D. increased E. mirrored F. narrow G. non-judgmentally H. non-productively I. shame J. stranger K. understood As he had been instructed, Aaron “listened” openly and ___14___ to the young woman. He didn’t offer advice: he didn’t try to help her solve her problems. Mostly, his messages ___15___ back what he’d heard from her, occasionally emphasizing a strength that he’d noticed — like the fact that she’d taken this step to help herself even in the middle of her depression. 【答案】 14. G 【14题详解】考查副词。句意：按照指示，Aaron以开放和非评判的态度“倾听”这位年轻女士的心声。空处需要副词和空前的openly作并列状语，修饰动词listened。non-judgmentally为副词“不批评地”，符合语境。故选G。考查词法知识。 （2025年浦东新区一模） A. accompany B. alternative C. diverse D. doubt E. predictable F. reflecting G. reframe H. reportedly I. seeking J. socially K. undesirable 【答案】 18. G 考查动词。句意：研究人员越来越试图将许多老年人嗓音的 “障碍” 重新定义为衰老的自然组成部分。此处需要一个动词，“reframe”（重新构建，重新定义）符合语境，指改变对嗓音变化现象的看法，故填 “G”。 · 考点四：固定搭配 在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见。此外，非常重要的一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说的to, in , on , at ,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如： 1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. （account）（2016上海高考） 2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? (commit) (2014上海高考) 3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods as healthy or unhealthy. (classify) （2014上海高考） 【解析】以上均考察词汇固定搭配。take into account 意思为“把……考虑在内”。commit oneself to “使自己致力于做”；“使自己承担于……”。classify....as “将……分类或划分”。 实战训练 一、名校试题 Passage 01 【来源】上海市晋元中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．attached        B．dedicated        C． gains            D．inclusive        E. pressures F. profile            G. relatable        H. sacred            I. specific     J. stuck K. touch Faceless influencers Faceless influencers are becoming famous online. They are everywhere on social media. Just don’t ask what they look like. Meet faceless influencers, who are attracting millions of followers and are quietly conquering social media, turning their anonymity (匿名) into commercial 1 . Their aesthetic is usually soothing, minimalist and domestic. Hands with shiny nails hold iced coffees; nondescript (不起眼的) figures lie in cozy bedrooms. Some accounts may show fleeting glimpses of an influencer’s 2 . But all hide their identities as much as possible. On TikTok some 200,000 posts are tagged Faceless; they have a combined 1.1bn views. Facebook groups such as “Girls Gone Faceless” boast over 100,000 members. Faceless creators have the same 3 followings as traditional influencers. The only difference is that their followers are fascinated with their lifestyle, not their 4 life. Social media and influencer culture have always emphasized personal identity. But viewers are now seeking out these invisible influencers. Removing identity markers has made faceless influencing a more 5 space, because the content is neutral. This often means it is more 6 , because audiences can imagine themselves there. Two things changed to give rise to the new faceless trend. One was the success of Asia’s unnamed “silent vloggers”, whose cinematic videos of daily life while 7 at home during the pandemic went viral. The second was the desire of people to make money as influencers without devoting their whole lives to it. Faceless influencers may be thriving today, but they are not immune to 8 . Some wonder whether they are more likely to be displaced by those that use artificial intelligence to create content cheaply. There is also the risk of imitation by other influencers. “It can be challenging to differentiate myself since there’s no physical identity 9 , so it’s important for me to always add a personal 10 , such as a playful tone in my captions”, says Ms. Ortega. But there is no guarantee of success. After all, faceless influencers’ biggest competition is not other creators but the recommendation algorithm—the most important invisible influencer of them all. 【答案】 1．C 2．F 3．B 4．I 5．D 6．G 7．J 8．E 9．A 10．K 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“无脸网红”这一网络现象，阐述了其在社交媒体上的流行现状、内容特点、兴起原因，同时也提及了他们面临的挑战与竞争，指出其成功并非有绝对保障。 1．考查名词。句意：来认识一下无脸网红吧，他们吸引了数百万粉丝，正悄然征服社交媒体，将匿名身份转化为商业收益。根据形容词“commercial”可知，空处需填名词，结合上文的“who are attracting millions of followers and are quietly conquering social media”可知，选项中“gains(收益、所得)”符合语义，指把匿名身份转化为商业利益。故选C。 2．考查名词。句意：有些账号可能会短暂展示网红的侧面形象。根据上文“Just don’t ask what they look like”以及“fleeting glimpses(短暂一瞥)”可知，此处是指展示网红的部分外貌相关内容，“profile”有“侧面轮廓、外形”之意，符合语境，即偶尔露出一点外形，但仍隐藏身份。故选F。 3．考查形容词。句意：无脸创作者和传统网红一样，拥有忠实的粉丝群体。空处修饰名词“followings(粉丝群体)”，需用形容词，“dedicated”表示“忠诚的、献身的”，“dedicated followings”指忠实的粉丝，符合“和传统网红一样有忠实粉丝”的语义。故选B。 4．考查形容词。句意：唯一的区别是，他们的粉丝痴迷于他们的生活方式，而不是他们特定的个人生活。空处修饰名词“life”，结合前文“The only difference is that their followers are fascinated with their lifestyle”可知，此处是对比“特定的个人生活”，“specific(特定的、具体的)”符合语境，指粉丝不关注其特定的私人生活。故选I。 5．考查形容词。句意：去除身份标识让无脸网红模式成为一个更具包容性的领域，因为其内容是中立的。根据下文“because the content is neutral.”可知，这种模式会更包容，“inclusive(包容的、广泛的)”符合语义，指中立的内容使其成为更具包容性的空间。故选D。 6．考查形容词。句意：这通常意味着它更具代入感，因为观众可以想象自己身处其中。根据下文的“audiences can imagine themselves there(观众能想象自己在那种场景里)”可知，内容更易让观众产生共鸣、有代入感，“relatable”（可理解的、有共鸣的、能产生代入感的）符合语境。故选G。 7．考查形容词。句意：一是亚洲不知名的“无声视频博主”取得了成功，疫情期间他们待在家里拍摄的富有电影感的日常生活视频迅速走红。此处为状语从句中的省略结构，“while +形容词”在此处相当于“while they were + 形容词”，结合“during the pandemic(疫情期间)”可知，人们会被困在家里，“stuck(被困住的、无法移动的)”符合语境，指疫情期间待在家里。故选J。 8．考查名词。句意：如今无脸网红可能发展得很好，但他们也无法免受压力的影响。根据下文“Some wonder whether they are more likely to be displaced by those that use artificial intelligence to create content cheaply. There is also the risk of imitation by other influencers.(有些人担心，自己更有可能被那些利用人工智能低成本创作内容的人取代。此外，其他网红模仿（自己）的风险也同样存在。)”可知，他们面临压力，“pressures”（压力）符合语义，指无法摆脱压力。故选E。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：奥特加女士说：“由于没有附加的实体身份，要让自己与众不同可能很有挑战性，所以对我来说，总是加入个人特色非常重要，比如在标题中使用活泼的语气。”“identity”与“attach”（附加、关联）之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词作后置定语，“identity attached”指“附加的实体身份”，符合语境，即没有实体身份作为区分。故选A。 10．考查名词。句意：奥特加女士说：“由于没有附加的实体身份，要让自己与众不同可能很有挑战性，所以对我来说，总是加入个人特色非常重要，比如在标题中使用活泼的语气。”根据下文的“such as a playful tone in my captions(比如标题里活泼的语气)”可知，这是个人特色，“touch”有“风格、特色”之意，personal touch指“个人特色”，符合语境。故选K。 Passage 02 【来源】上海市延安中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．derived  B．chilled  C． evoked  D．festive  E. twist  F. disorienting  G. flashing   H. murderous   I. forming  J. properties  K. vegans A riotous (狂欢的) indulgence To the young trainees at West Point, the prospect of eggnog without whisky was unconscionable. Openly disregarding a ban on alcohol, a group took a boat across the Hudson river and obtained gallons of grog (一种烈酒). Around 90 trainees got so drunk that they spent Christmas morning smashing windows and 11 their weapons. Among the participants in the “Eggnog Riot” of 1826 was Jefferson Davis, who later became president of the Confederacy. Eggnog is a sweet beverage with a serious edge. It is probably 12 from “posset” — a mixture involving a combination of cream or milk, eggs, spices and ale or wine. Posset was believed to have medicinal 13 when King Charles I came down with a cold in the 1600s, his physician prescribed it. The annual flu probably established the drink’s association with winter. But Christmas has also given eggnog a boost. The spices used — cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg — are present in other 14 treats, such as ginger-bread. For centuries cream and fresh eggs were harder to acquire in winter, so were viewed as luxuries. Britons brought the drink to America in the 18th century. Stronger wine, traditionally used to add posset, was difficult to obtain, so Americans laced (掺) their version with bourbon, rum or whisky instead. Though eggnog is consumed in many English-speaking countries, Americans are the most keen on it. They consume around 15m gallons every year, the equivalent of one small cup per person. Many countries have added their own 15 . Germans make Eierpunsch with wine. Peruvians add pisco, a white brandy; South Africans opt for amarula, a liqueur. Eggnog has also been adapted for a health-conscious age, and 16 can forgo eggs and use almond, coconut or oat milk, which is less fatty, a single portion of the original can exceed 300 calories. Its creaminess is a reminder of the comforts of childhood, while the addition of booze is a grown-up pleasure. Unlike mulled wine, eggnog is often served 17 , so none of the alcohol evaporates. A recipe attributed to George Washington could take down an elephant: he called for adding brandy, rum, sherry and whisky. The 18 effect of eggnog was known long before the riot that bears its name. In Shakespeare’s play, the   19 Lady Macbeth drugs the servants’ posset in order to gain access to the king’s bedroom: “That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold.” Today the drink is associated with less serious crimes. A poem published in the American Beacon on Christmas Eve in 1817 20 ancient Greek mythology to suggest that the drink turned respectable people into beasts: “When Circe, the witch, caught Ulysses’s men/She gave each a dram (少量的酒) that soon made him a hog/The identical mixture — ‘tis now as’ twas then/So attend to the moral, beware of eggnog. 【答案】 11．G 12．A 13．J 14．D 15．E 16．K 17．B 18．F 19．H 20．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了Eggnog（蛋奶酒）的历史，文化传播及改良过程，并说明了其在历史上引发的骚乱事迹及文学描述。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：大约90名学员喝得酩酊大醉，以至于他们在圣诞节的早晨砸碎窗户并展示武器。空处与smashing并列，用-ing形式，构成spend time doing sth.结构，根据their weapons可知，此处用flashing“闪现”。故选G。 12．考查被动语态。句意：它可能源自“波塞特”这个词——这是一种由奶油或牛奶、鸡蛋、香料以及麦芽酒或葡萄酒混合而成的饮品。根据from “posset”可知，此处表示“来源于”用be derived from。故选A。 13．考查名词。句意：在17世纪，当国王查理一世患感冒时，人们认为波塞特饮品具有药用功效，于是他的医生便将其作为治疗药物推荐给患者。空处作have的宾语，根据后文可知，波塞特饮品具有药用功效，用properties“性质”，符合题意。故选J。 14．考查形容词。句意：所使用的香料——肉桂、丁香和肉豆蔻——也存在于其他节日食品中，比如姜饼。根据上文“But Christmas has also given eggnog a boost.(但圣诞节也让蛋奶酒的销量大增)”可知，空处用形容词作定语修饰treats，此处表示“节日性的”用festive。故选D。 15．考查名词。句意：许多国家都加入了各自独特的元素。下文描述了其他国家的改良，空处为名词作宾语，twist“转变”，符合题意。故选E。 16．考查名词。句意：蛋奶酒也适应了注重健康的消费群体的需求，素食者可以不使用鸡蛋，而是选用杏仁奶、椰奶或燕麦奶，因为这些奶类饮品的脂肪含量较低。而一份原味蛋奶酒的热量可能超过300卡路里。空处作主语，根据下文可知，此处表示需要能量较低的“素食者”，vegans符合题意。故选K。 17．考查形容词。句意：与热红酒不同，蛋奶酒通常是以冰镇状态供应的，因此其中的酒精不会挥发掉。空处作主语补足语，用形容词，根据下文“so none of the alcohol evaporates”可知，此处表示“冷的”，用chilled。故选B。 18．考查形容词。句意：早在以蛋酒命名的那场骚乱发生之前，人们就已经知道这种酒会让人感到头晕目眩了。空处修饰effect用形容词，根据下文“Lady Macbeth drugs the servants’ posset in order to gain access to the king’s bedroom(麦克白夫人给仆人们的牛奶饮品下了药，以便能够进入国王的卧室)”可知，此处表示“令人眩晕的”用disorienting。故选F。 19．考查形容词。句意：在莎士比亚的这部剧中，凶残的麦克白夫人给仆人们的麦酒里下了药，以便能够进入国王的卧室：“让他们喝醉的东西，也让我变得勇敢了。”空处修饰Lady Macbeth，根据下文可知，麦克白夫人下药，说明是凶残的。murderous意思为：凶残的，符合题意。故选H。 20．考查动词时态。句意：1817年圣诞前夕，《美国灯塔报》上发表的一首诗借用古希腊神话来暗示这种饮品会将正派人变成野兽：“当女巫西尔刻抓住尤利西斯的部下时/她每人赐了一杯酒，很快就把他变成了一头猪/同样的配方——如今依然如此/所以要记住其中的道理，别喝蛋酒。”可知，空处缺少动词作谓语，且描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，动词用过去式，evoked意思为：引起，唤起（感情、记忆或形象），符合题意。故选C。 Passage 03 【来源】2025届上海市嘉定区交大附中附属中学高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．decompose    B．identifiable    C． objective    D．plentiful    E. practice    F. previously       G. primitive    H. sculpt    I. signal    J. slice    K. systematically Bone tools invented much earlier than previously thought The Stone Age was the original Industrial Revolution, which began possibly as early as 3 million years ago. During the period, our human ancestors and their close cousins learned to 21 a wide range of tools from rocks. But despite the era’s name, at least some Stone Age toolmakers also made frequent use of bone. How early they did so and when the 22 became common, has been unclear. Now, a collection of bone tools from Tanzania’s Olduvai Gorge suggests early humans 23 worked on that art by 1.5 million years ago, fashioning heavy cutting tools from bones of hippos, elephants, and other large animals. The finding may 24 that these ancient craftsmen possessed the capability to transfer technological innovations from one material to another. “The most exciting aspect is that these bone tools were produced long before it was 25 thought,” says Lucinda Backwell, an archaeologist (考古学家) not involved in the study. For ancient toolmakers, bones offered an attractive raw material. They could be 26 in places lacking rocks typically used for tools. In addition, the leg bones of large animals were well-shaped for making cutting tools and far lighter than rocks of equal size. Deciding when exactly bone toolmaking became commonplace has remained difficult. Unlike stones, bones often 27 . It can be hard to distinguish 28 bony tools from the broken fossils (化石) typically found at archaeological sites. In 2015, a team from the Olduvai Gorge Archaeology Project, a site hosting a 2-million-year record of fossils, uncovered an elephant leg bone with clear signs of having been shaped and sharpened by human hands. Eventually, the team recovered 27 bone tools, mostly from giant animals such as elephants and hippos. Many were 29 as tools because toolmakers chipped off small pieces to shape the edges. Researchers believe the bones — along with stone tools also found around — were used as heavy cutting tools to 30 meat and smash open bones. “They were not only interested in animals just for foodstuff,” de la Torre says. “They were interested in animals as raw material sources.” 【答案】 21．H 22．E 23．K 24．I 25．F 26．D 27．A 28．G 29．B 30．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，坦桑尼亚奥杜威峡谷的骨制工具表明，早在150万年前早期人类就有系统地制作骨制工具，这比之前认为的时间更早。 21．考查动词。句意：在那个时期，我们人类祖先及其近亲学会了用石头雕刻各种各样的工具。根据后文“a wide range of tools from rocks”这一语境，可知此处描述的是利用石头来制造工具的方式，“雕刻”是合理的动作，动词sculpt意为“雕刻”，符合用石头制作工具的情境。故选H。 22．考查名词。句意：他们从多早开始这样做以及这种做法何时变得普遍，一直不清楚。前文讲述了人类制作骨制工具这一行为，这里需要一个词来概括这种行为，名词practice有“做法，实践”的意思，正好能指代制作骨制工具这一行为，作主语。故选E。 23．考查副词。句意：现在，来自坦桑尼亚奥杜威峡谷的一批骨制工具表明，早在150万年前早期人类就系统地从事这项技艺。根据后文“fashioning heavy cutting tools from bones of hippos, elephants, and other large animals”可知早期人类是有一定方式、有条理地用大型动物骨头制作工具，副词systematically意为“系统地”，体现了制作过程并非随意而为，作状语修饰动词短语worked on。故选K。 24．考查动词。句意：这一发现可能表明这些古代工匠有能力将技术创新从一种材料转移到另一种材料。后文“that these ancient craftsmen possessed the capability to transfer technological innovations from one material to another”是对发现内容的一种解读，这里需要一个表示“传达、表明”意思的词，动词signal意为“表明，发出信号”，符合发现与解读之间的逻辑关系。故选I。 25．考查副词。句意：“最令人兴奋的方面是，这些骨制工具的制作时间比之前认为的要早得多，”未参与这项研究的考古学家露辛达·巴克韦尔说。结合前文提到骨制工具制作时间早这一关键信息，可知这里是说比“之前”所认知的时间还要早，副词previously意为“以前，先前”，作状语修饰动词thought。故选F。 26．考查形容词。句意：在缺乏通常用于制作工具的岩石的地方，骨头可能很丰富。在“lacking rocks typically used for tools”的情况下，骨头成为了可替代的原材料，意味着骨头在这些地方数量上是“丰富的”，形容词plentiful意为“丰富的，大量的”，作表语。故选D。 27．考查动词。句意：与石头不同，骨头经常会分解。根据“Unlike stones”，石头相对稳定不易损坏，而骨头与之不同，容易“分解”，动词decompose意为“分解，腐烂”，符合骨头和石头特性对比的语境。故选A。 28．考查形容词。句意：很难将原始的骨制工具与考古遗址中通常发现的破碎化石区分开来。因为骨头容易分解，所以在考古遗址中要从众多破碎化石里区分出“原始的”骨制工具是有难度的，形容词primitive意为“原始的”，符合从化石中辨别骨制工具的情境，作定语修饰名词短语bony tools。故选G。 29．考查形容词。句意：许多骨制工具被识别为工具，因为工具制造者会削去小块来塑造边缘。后文“because toolmakers chipped off small pieces to shape the edges”说明这些骨头有被加工成工具的明显痕迹，所以能够被“识别”为工具，形容词identifiable意为“可识别的”，作表语。故选B。 30．考查动词。句意：研究人员认为，这些骨头——以及周围发现的石器——被用作重型切割工具来切片肉和砸开骨头。“meat”是动作的对象，结合前面提到的工具是切割工具，推测其用途是“切片”肉，动词slice意为“切片”。故选J。 Passage 04 【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．emergency   B．priceless   C． destroyed   D．fulfill   AB．unheard AC． populated   AD．interpret   BC． threat   BD．protests   CD．effective   ABC． outlined They threw paint and food on the glass exterior protecting famous paintings. Activists said they were conveying a powerful message — art cannot exist on a(n) 31 planet. When Georgia B．Smith recently walked into the Metropolitan Museum of Art on June 24, she felt nervous. The 34-year-old wasn’t there to admire 18th-century paintings alongside New York City’s summer tourists; with red marker on her hands and black tape on her mouth, she was there to voice her 32 concerns. Smith is part of a growing climate activist movement whose 33 center art and museums. Since at least May 2022, environmentalists with groups like Just Stop Oil and Extinction Rebellion have been using cake, soup, paint, and glue to capture the attention of museum visitors. Each time, their message is simple: there is no art on a dead planet. But these climate activists say they have no interest in damaging art. Instead, they want to raise awareness about the climate 34 and attract new members. “The function of art is for people to be able to understand the world that they live in and reflect on the human condition, but big art doesn’t 35 that function,” Mukhopadhyay said. “That’s the reason for us to be in museums: to tell people that we are in the middle of a crisis, and it is the time now for you to face that crisis.” Climate change is also itself a(n) 36 to art: Leading cultural institutions, the Foundation for Advancement in Conservation and the National Endowment for the Humanities, 37 in a June report the need for “immediate action” to address climate change given how it puts cultural heritage sites, art collections, and institutions at risk. Museums, however, say these behaviors are attacks on 38 artworks. One survey published in November of last year suggested public support of climate protests may drop after demonstrations such as pretending to spoil art. A larger set of data suggest the art museum protests might be a(n) 39 call to action, though it’s too early to tell. Dylan Bugden, an assistant professor of environmental sociology at Washington State University, researches the way people 40 social movements. “When we talk about climate change activism and social movement strategy, what really matters is not a one-off protest event and catching people’s attention here and there,” Bugden said. “It’s building grassroots activism and organizations that can mobilize people to vote, to protest, to take action. Building that kind of association is what it will take to do something about climate change.” 【答案】 31．C 32．AB 33．BD 34．A 35．D 36．BC 37．ABC 38．B 39．CD 40．AD 【导语】这是一篇说明文。阐述了气候活动家的行为目的、气候变化对艺术的威胁、博物馆的看法以及相关社会研究。 31．考查形容词。句意：他们往保护著名画作的玻璃外层扔颜料和食物。活动人士表示，他们在传达一个强烈的信息 —— 艺术无法在一个被破坏的星球上存在。此处需形容词修饰“planet”，destroyed“被破坏的”符合语境，说明星球的状态导致艺术难以存在，故选C。 32．考查形容词。句意：这位34岁的女士并非是为了与纽约市的夏季游客一起欣赏18世纪的画作而来；她手上涂着红色记号笔，嘴上缠着黑色胶带，来此是为了表达自己那些未曾被听到的忧虑。修饰名词concerns，表示“未被听到的，未被注意的”，用形容词unheard，作定语。故选AB。 33．考查名词。句意：史密斯是日益壮大的气候保护运动的一员，该运动的抗议活动主要针对艺术和博物馆领域。作定语从句主语，根据后文“center art and museums”以及上文“with red marker on her hands and black tape on her mouth, she was there to voice her _______ concerns.”可知此处指“抗议活动”，用名词protest，结合“part of a growing climate activist movement”可知，此处表复数含义，用复数protests，故选BD。 34．考查名词。句意：相反，他们希望借此提高人们对气候危机的认识，并吸引新成员加入。作宾语，结合上文“there is no art on a dead planet”以及“these climate activists”可知，此处指“气候危机”，名词emergency“危机”与climate构成“气候危机”，符合文意，故选A。 35．考查动词。句意：“艺术的功能是让人们能够理解他们生活的世界并反思人类的生存状况，但大型艺术作品并没有履行这一功能，” 穆克霍帕德亚说。根据上文“The function of art is for people to be able to understand the world that they live in and reflect on the human condition”以及“but”可知，大型艺术作品并没有履行让人们能够理解他们生活的世界并反思人类的生存状况这一功能，doesn’t后跟动词原形，作谓语，fulfill“履行”为动词，符合句意。故填D。 36．考查名词。句意：气候变化本身也是对艺术的一种威胁。作表语，根据后文阐述气候变化使文化遗产地等面临风险，可知名词 threat“威胁”符合句意，故填BC。 37．考查动词。句意：领先的文化机构，保护促进基金会和国家人文基金会在6月份的一份报告中概述了鉴于气候变化使文化遗产地、艺术收藏和机构面临风险，需要“立即采取行动”应对气候变化。作谓语，由“in a June report”可知，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，动词过去式outlined“概述”符合句意，与“report”搭配，符合在报告中阐述相关内容的语境，故填ABC。 38．考查形容词。句意：然而，博物馆表示这些行为是对无价艺术品的攻击。作定语，结合上文“They threw paint and food on the glass exterior protecting famous paintings.”可知，形容词priceless“无价的”修饰“artworks”，体现博物馆对著名艺术品价值的认定，符合语境，故填B。 39．考查形容词。句意：不过，一组更大的数据表明，艺术博物馆的抗议活动可能是一种有效的行动呼吁，尽管现在下结论还为时过早。作定语，形容词effective“有效的”符合句意，修饰“call to action”，说明从数据角度看这种抗议对呼吁行动可能产生的效果，故填CD。 40．考查动词。句意：华盛顿州立大学环境社会学助理教授迪伦・布格登研究人们如何解读社会运动。在定语从句中作谓语，动词interpret“解读”与“the way people...”搭配，符合研究人们对社会运动理解方式的语境，故填AD。 Passage 05 【来源】2025届上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学高三下学期三模英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．complex B．form C． handful D．largely E. occasionally F. preferred G. resistant H. survived I. sensitive J. sporting K. suggesting Thermae Romae (罗马浴场) When considering the legacy of ancient Rome, most scholars focus on the gladiatorial (角斗) games and republican institutions. Often ignored are Rome’s countless baths. Although 41 abandoned by the Western world today, public bathing was a cornerstone of Roman civilization. The baths even 42 the fall of Rome itself, continuing to operate into the Early Middle Ages. But what was it about these places that made them so 43 to historical change? As it turns out, there’s a lot more to them than rest and relaxation. The oldest of the Thermae Romae dates to the 2nd century BC, and they increased in both size and numbers as time went on. In 33 BC, the number of baths in the Eternal City alone had risen from a(n) 44 to more than 170. By the early 5th century AD, that quantity had climbed to an astonishing 856. Though many baths prioritized 45 over function, the most impressive of them were architectural wonders. The greatest of the greatest, the Terme di Caracalla, rivals the Forum and Pantheon in scale. Spanning 11 hectares and decorated with mosaics and statues, the 46 seems to have been capable of accommodating as many as 2,500 guests. Roman baths were also marvels of engineering. Water, carried over by channels, was heated before being poured into various pools. Versatility was the name of the game, with even the smallest public baths 47 at least three different pools: a warm pool; a hot pool; and, finally, a cold pool. Medium-sized thermae also featured steam rooms, similar to saunas. The biggest thermae went even further, offering outdoor courtyards where people could socialize or exercise, as well as gardens and libraries. While the 48 sports varied from one Italian region to another, common activities included boxing, wrestling, discus throwing, and weightlifting. Besides evidence from written sources, archaeological evidence can give us an even clearer picture of what went on inside these places. The evidence includes not only the remains of the baths themselves, but also the objects that researchers have been able to recover from their 49 undamaged drainage systems. Archacologists recovered nail cleaners, needles, and food remains, 50 some baths may have been fitted with medical facilities, textile workshops, and food stands. 【答案】 41．D 42．H 43．G 44．C 45．B 46．A 47．J 48．F 49．E 50．K 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了罗马浴场的历史、规模、构造、功能及相关证据。 41．考查副词。句意：尽管如今西方世界大体上已废弃公共浴场，但公共沐浴曾是罗马文明的基石。本空修饰动词abandoned，用副词，根据上文的“Often ignored are Rome’s countless baths.”可知，罗马无数的浴场常常被忽视，由此可知，此处表示“大体上”，用largely符合语境。故选D。 42．考查动词。句意：浴场甚至在罗马帝国灭亡后仍存在，一直运营到中世纪早期。本空作谓语，根据下文的“continuing to operate into the Early Middle Ages”可知，此处表示“幸存，继续存在”符合语境，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以此处使用survived。故选H。 43．考查形容词。句意：但这些地方为何如此能抵御历史变迁？本空作宾补，根据上文的“continuing to operate into the Early Middle Ages”可知，浴场一直运营到中世纪早期此处，由此可推测，此处表示“对……有抵抗力的”符合语境，用resistant作宾补，be resistant to“抵抗……”。故选G。 44．考查名词。句意：公元前33年，仅在这座永恒之城，浴场数量就从少数增加到170多个。本空作from的宾语，根据下文的“to more than 170.”可知，此处描述的是浴场数量上的变化，由此可知，此处表示“少量”，用handful“少数”符合语境。故选C。 45．考查名词。句意：尽管许多浴场优先考虑形式而非功能，但其中最令人印象深刻的是建筑奇观。本空作prioritized的宾语，与function（功能）相对，所以此处用form表示“形式”符合语境。故选B。 46．考查名词。句意：这座建筑群占地11公顷，装饰着马赛克和雕像，似乎能够容纳多达2500名客人。本空为名词作主语，根据下文的“seems to have been capable of accommodating as many as 2,500 guests”可知，看起来能容纳多达2500名客人，由此可知，此处表示“建筑群”为名词complex作主语，符合语境。故选A。 47．考查动词。句意：多功能性是关键，即使是最小的公共浴场也设有至少三种不同的泳池：温水池、热水池，以及冷水池。本空为非谓语动词作定语，根据下文的“at least three different pools”可知，此处表示“展示，设有”符合语境，所以此处使用sport表示“展示，设有”，与public baths之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故选J。 48．考查形容词。句意：尽管不同意大利地区偏好的运动各不相同，但常见的活动包括拳击、摔跤、掷铁饼和举重。本空作定语修饰sports，根据下文的“varied from one Italian region to another, common activities included boxing, wrestling, discus throwing, and weightlifting.”可知，常见的活动包括拳击、摔跤、掷铁饼和举重，由此可知，此处表示“更受喜爱的”运动，应使用preferred意为“优先的，偏好的”。故选F。 49．考查副词。句意：这些证据不仅包括浴场本身的遗迹，还包括研究人员从偶尔未受损的排水系统中能够回收的物品。本空修饰形容词undamaged，用副词形式，结合语境可知，此处表示“偶尔地”为副词occasionally，表示排水系统未受损的情况。故选E。 50．考查动词。句意：考古学家发现了指甲清洁器、针和食物残渣，表明一些浴场可能配备了医疗设施、纺织作坊和食品摊。本空为非谓语动词作状语，结合上文的“Archacologists recovered nail cleaners, needles, and food remains”以及下文的“some baths may have been fitted with medical facilities, textile workshops, and food stands.”可知，下文应是上文考古发现的结果，所以此处表示“表明”应为suggesting符合语境。故选K。 二、真题演练 （2019上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain ___11___. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career. But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s ___12___. The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker. Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then ___13___ adapt as situations change. For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to ___14___ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that ___15___ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together. To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in ___16___ circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams. It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can ___17___ problems and organize responses. Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back. The central ___18___ of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal ___19___. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success. Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of ___20___ shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps. 【答案】11. D 12. A 13. B 14. H 15. C 16. I 17. E 18. G 19. K 20. F 【解析】本文属于议论文，现在机器几乎可以做任何事情。新世界需要不同类型的人。德雷顿称这种新类型的人是变革者。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：几千年以来，大多数人的生活都有一个特定的模式。根据后一句You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.可知，去学校学商业或者学习一门技术，然后利用这门技术来过上幸福生活，故可以推出大部分的生活都有一定的模式，故选pattern（模式），故选D。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但是如今机器可以作所有重复性的事情。根据后文可知，现代社会需要的是能够解决问题，组建一个流畅的团队，因而可以得出，机器可以取代人类做重复性的事情，故用repetitive（重复性的），故选A。。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：变革者就是那些能够看清自己周围的模式，识别存在的问题，找到解决问题的办法，组建一个流利的团队，领导集体性行动，以及不断适应不断改变的环境。根据本句adapt as situations change可知，变革者需要不断适应环境，故用continually，故选B。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：他制作了一个软件叫Haus，能够把邻居组成一个网络。根据后文It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together可知，这个软件可以把邻居联系在一起，故用network（组建网络），故选H。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：这个软件有一个紧急按钮，当有犯罪行为发生的时候，按了按钮之后就能够及时提醒邻居。分析句子可知，本句讲述app的作用，故用alerts（警示）, 故选C。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：认知移情就是理解人们在不断进化的环境中感受的能力。分析文章可知，本文讲述随着时代的发展，我们需要的人才和能力也是不同的，因而选evolving（进化的），故选I。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果你现在在自助餐厅或者电站的检测线上工作，没关系，因为这些公司以后只会雇佣那些能够发现问题和解决问题的人。根据文章The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.可知，现在社会需要的是能够发现和解决问题的人，故用locate（定位），故选E。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：Drayton说，我们这个时代最主要的挑战就是让每个人都成为变革者。根据后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.可知，学校需要做出改变来培养变革者，这也是很大的挑战，故选G。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：他说，在早期时代，社会意识到大家都必需要具备读写能力。根据后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal.可知，学校必须做出改变，故选literacy（读写能力），故选K。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：Ashoka研究了社会变革来找出怎样才能促进这种精神转变。根据前文可知，本文主要讲述人们意识的改变，故用mental，故选F。 （2018上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both ___31___ and well-fortified, the classic European castle is the pinnacle of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the ___32___ of our culture. Castles were ___33___ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror ___34___ through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English ___35___. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way castles served both ___36___ and defensive roles in military operations. Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute to the lord. They would ___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites ___39___ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily ___40___ of the lord's strength. 【答案】31-40: DBFKH ECAGI 【解析】 31.D。【解析】根据句意:当涉及到建筑既雄伟又坚固的建筑，经典的欧洲城堡是设计的顶峰。imposing壮观的;令人印象深刻的，作表语修饰定语从句中的主语，构成主系表结构。 32.B。【解析】根据句意:他们仍然指挥着我们文化的魅力可知，应为fascination 魅力;吸引力。 33.F。【解析】根据句子结构可知，应填副词修饰 built。句意;城堡最初是诺曼入侵者于1066年在英国建造的。 34.K。【解析】as 引导的非限制性定语从句中缺少谓语动词。sweep through 横扫。 35.H。【解析】介词后加名词。根据句意他们受到了英国叛乱的威胁。 rebellion造反，叛乱。 36.E。【解析】and链接两个形容词修饰roles。offensive攻击的，冒犯的。 37.C。【解析】and 连接两个并列的动词，所以要用一般过去时。根据句意是他们管理的土地。 38.A。【解析】动词并列表示一系列连贯的动作，前后时态一致。address disputes地址纠纷。 39.G。【解析】考查伴随状语，主句句子完整，前为对主句句子的补充说明，不应构成句子，所以用 v-ing。 40.1。【解析】固定搭配，reminder of提醒。 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $