专题07 阅读理解-2025-2026学年沪教版（2024）英语八年级上册期中重难点专项训练

2025-2026学年沪教版（2024）英语八年级上册期中重难点专项训练 专题07 阅读理解 （1） If you go to the Gulf of Mexico, you can see there is a big hole. It is called the Chicxulub Crater. Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago. This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true. It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (熔化) of tons of rocks. The hit took away millions of lives around the Chicxulub Crater. The terrible story didn’t stop there. Minutes later, hot rocks started to rain down, and there was deadly dirt everywhere on the ground. More animals were burnt to death. After several hours, a super-hot wind knocked down anything still standing. In weeks, the sky was full of ash. Days became nights. This covered the sunlight for months or even years. Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortages, including almost all dinosaurs. Although this idea sounds possible, the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically. But as scientists discover more dinosaur fossils, we may know the truth one day. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The idea that a rock from space made a big hole on Earth. B．The thought that the asteroid made dinosaurs die out. C．The truth that all dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. D．The fact that the Chicxulub Crater is in the Gulf of Mexico. 2．According to the scientists, what happened when the asteroid hit Earth? A．A big hole appeared in North America. B．The asteroid hit Earth at 40,000 miles per second. C．The hit made lots of rocks melt. D．Millions of lives were lost in Mexico. 3．According to the idea, what was the reason for the death of almost all dinosaurs? A．Food shortages. B．No sunlight. C．Ash and dirt. D．The asteroid’s hit. 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The dirt after the hit didn’t hurt animals on the ground. B．Hours later, animals died because of harmful gases. C．We will surely know the truth from dinosaur fossils. D．There isn’t a scientific reason for the dinosaurs’ die-off. 5．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In a storybook about dinosaurs. B．In a science book about space. C．In an encyclopaedia of animals. D．In a travel magazine about Mexico. （2） Albert Einstein (1879—1955) Early Life Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. He had been an extraordinary person since he was born. He was always interested in things around him and full of imagination. He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers. Schooling Einstein started school in 1885. He did well in Maths and Science. Einstein finished grammar school in Germany and entered a university. He graduated (大学毕业) with the subject teacher diploma for Maths and Physics in 1900. Scientific Work After graduation, Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science, he still worked hard on scientific research. Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921. Later Life Einstein kept doing his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However, there was no answer. Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world. 1．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In an encyclopaedia. B．In an advertisement (广告). C．In a travel guide. D．In a dictionary. 2．From the passage, we can learn that Albert Einstein ________. A．was not good at asking questions B．did well in all his schoolwork C．worked as a doctor after he graduated D．had great achievements in Physics 3．What does the underlined word “extraordinary” mean in Chinese? A．幽默的 B．笨拙的 C．非凡的 D．普通的 4．Which of the following shows the order of Einstein’s experience? a. Albert Einstein asked a lot of questions about things. b. Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics. c. Albert Einstein started his school life in Germany. d. Albert Einstein became a top scientist in the world. e. Albert Einstein got a job at the Swiss Patent Office. A．a-c-b-e-d B．a-c-e-d-b C．c-a-b-e-d D．c-a-e-d-b 5．What can we know from the last two paragraphs? A．Nobody could be smarter than Albert Einstein. B．Scientists found out why Albert Einstein was so smart. C．Scientists showed great interest in Albert Einstein’s brain. D．Albert Einstein couldn’t keep on working in his later life. （3） Ants have the ability to smell out cancerous cells (癌细胞) in humans, which has been found by a study, suggesting that they could be used to find the cancer in the future. Scientists from The French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) found that some ants have a good sense of smell. “But more tests must be carried out before they could be used in hospitals,” the team said. The scientists did tests with 36 ants, smelling cells in the lab. First, they let the ants smell some cancerous human cells. Every time the ants smelt cancerous cells, they were rewarded with sugar solution (糖溶液). In the second step, the ants were put into two different smells. One was a new smell of healthy cells and the other was still the smell of the cancerous cells. Once the ants found the cancerous cells successfully, the researchers made them smell different cancerous cells. As such, the scientists found that ants could tell between cancerous and healthy cells and between two cancerous cells. This isn’t the first time that scientists have used the animals’ sense of smell to find cancerous cells. “Dogs are good at finding something with their noses. However, training dogs to do so needs several months or a year. On the other hand, ants can be easily raised in a short time. They are inexpensive, and hundreds of them can be trained with fewer times,” scientists pointed out. “This study shows that ants are able to learn very quickly. The way can be used for other tasks including finding danger or other illnesses,” scientists added. 1．What can we know from CNRS’s study? A．Ants help humans keep off cancer. B．Dogs are used to find people with cancer. C．Ants are able to smell out cancerous cells. D．Ants work better than dogs to find cancer. 2．Why are the ants better than dogs in the tests? ①They are cheaper.        ②They are easier to be raised. ③They are better at finding things.    ④They can be trained more quickly. ⑤They have a sharper sense of smell. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③⑤ 3．What’s the writing purpose (目的) of the text? A．To introduce ants that will be more useful than we imagine. B．To teach people to protect ants from now on. C．To show ants and dogs are both humans’ friends. D．To explain why ants are more important than dogs. （4） Encyclopaedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopaedias, such as the encyclopaedia of science, and the encyclopaedia of music. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from? a Philippe Bizot is a famous mime master (哑剧大师) from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when he was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people full of imagination. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情). b Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and sea otters (海獭) love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants. 1．When did Bizot start to learn mime? A．In 1975. B．In 1985. C．In 1987. D．In 1997. 2．What does the underlined word “gestures” probably mean in Chinese? A．语言 B．姿势 C．感受 D．态度 3．Which of the following is a fish? A．The dolphin. B．The whale. C．The seal. D．The shark. （5） How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English, or do you have to use your first language? Do you count on your fingers? Many people think that numbers are the same all over the world. But scientists have discovered that it is not true. People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers. In the United States, people begin counting with their first finger. They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb to count to five. Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten. In China, people count by using different finger positions. In this way, a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand. Besides ways of finger counting, scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers. Some languages have only a few words for numbers, and others have no words for numbers. For example, the aboriginal people (土著居民) in Australia don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers. They don’t even have words for numbers. However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers. Similarly, people of the Piraha tribe (部落) in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as “one” or “three”. They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees” “more trees” or “many trees”. Professor Edward Gibson from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology said that most people believe that everyone knows how to count. “But here is a group that does not count. They could learn, but it’s not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up.” 1．Why does the writer list the four questions at the beginning of the passage? A．To make a survey. B．To interest the readers. C．To give examples. D．To interview the readers. 2．What can we learn according to Paragraph 2? A．People from China can make use of different finger positions to do the counting. B．People from the US usually begin counting with their thumb. C．People from China count much faster than people from the US. D．People from the US use only one hand to count from one to ten. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about aboriginal Australians? A．There are ideas of numbers in their life. B．There is no “some trees” in their language. C．They have only a few words for numbers. D．They have hand movements to stand for numbers. 4．The study of the Piraha tribe shows that ________. A．people all over the world know how to count B．people of the tribe have words for numbers C．some groups of people are not smart enough to count D．counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．People from different cultures have different ideas about numbers. B．Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans. C．In some aboriginal cultures, people don’t even know how to count. D．Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers. （6） Numbers are not just numbers. They have cultural meanings. Let’s see some of the lucky and unlucky numbers across the world. ◆The number 3 People in Sweden think all good things come in threes. For example, there are three kinds of medals in a game. People in South Korea and Italy think the same way. But people in Japan and Vietnam have a different idea. They don’t like taking photos when there are only three people. They think death will come for the person in the middle. ◆The number 8 It is a lucky number in most countries. This number is very welcome among Chinese people because it has the similar pronunciation to “fa”. The Beijing Summer Olympics started at 8:00 pm on August 8th, 2008. 8 is also a lucky number in Japan. But it’s different in Bulgaria. People there think it can bring them bad luck. ◆The number 9 In China, it’s a lucky number. It has the same pronunciation as “jiu”, meaning everlasting (永恒的). In Norway, it’s a lucky number, too. There are many stories about it. But people in Japan don’t like this number. Why? Because when they say it in Japanese, it’s just like another word “ku”. ◆The number 13 How about the number 13? It’s an unlucky number in many countries, like Norway, Sweden and the UK. Lots of bad things happened on the 13th in history. However, in Italy, 13 is a lucky number. People think this number can help them live a happy life. 1．Which countries think the number 3 is a lucky number? A．Japan and Vietnam. B．South Korea and Japan. C．Vietnam and Sweden. D．South Korea and Sweden. 2．How does the writer start the paragraph about the number 13? A．By giving an example. B．By telling a story. C．By providing background information. D．By asking a question. 3．Which of the following is right according to the text? ①Jane from Italy loves taking photos of three people. ②Peter from Bulgaria is very happy to have eight balls. ③Bella from Norway is glad to collect nine model planes. ④John from Sweden would like to have a party on June 13. A．③④ B．②④ C．①③ D．①④ 4．How is the text organized? (①= Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2…) A． B． C． D． （7） Last week, a few students in our school made a survey (调查) about people’s free time. The following diagrams show the results of it. Diagram 1: Hours for people of different ages using the Internet in a month Diagram 2: The number of people to go to the reading room on different days Diagram 3: TV programmes people like best 1．People aged ________ spend the most time using the Internet in a month. A．7-16 B．17-30 C．31-55 D．over 55 2．On which day do most people go to the reading room? A．On Tuesday. B．On Wednesday. C．On Thursday. D．On Friday. 3．What kind of TV programme do people like best? A．News. B．Sports. C．Music. D．Cartoons. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to (根据) the diagrams? A．People in the survey are younger than 12. B．People always use the Internet on Fridays. C．People like going to the reading room on weekends. D．18 percent of the people like watching sports programmes. 5．The three diagrams show us ________. A．what people do every day B．people’s free time C．people’s different life D．people’s different habits （8） Do you know the numbers 0—9 well? They are Arabic numerals. People use them to mark numbers now. But it’s not the only number system that people use. About 2,500 years ago, people in Rome used their hands to count. In Roman numerals, one finger means 1, two fingers means 2, three fingers means 3, four fingers means 4. If you want to say five, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have ten. So in Rome, the numbers are “I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X”. Also, “L” means fifty, “C” means one hundred. “D” means five hundred and “M” means one thousand. But there is no zero in Roman numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see them on some watches and clocks. Today, most people use the Arabic numerals. They are easy to remember and write. They help people to count things every day. In fact, Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals. In the late 8th century, people in Arabic countries learned about them. Then the Arabic people took them into Europe. So people in Europe called them Arabic numerals. Today, people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot. 1．Which of the following means five in Roman numerals? A．L. B．M. C．V. D．X. 2．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Arabic numerals. B．Watches and clocks. C．Zero. D．Roman numerals. 3．What do we know about Arabic numerals? A．People in Rome didn’t use them. B．Arabic people taught the Indians about them. C．Only Arabic people use them today. D．“0” means “zero” in Arabic numerals. 4．Why are there few people using Roman numerals today? A．Because they are not easy to write and count. B．Because there are no Romans anymore. C．Because the numbers look stupid. D．Because they are hard to remember. 5．In what order did the following things happen? a. Arabic people learned about Arabic numerals. b. Indians created Arabic numerals. c. Arabic people took Arabic numerals into Europe. d. People all over the world use Arabic numerals. A．b—c—a—d B．b—a—c—d C．d—b—a—c D．d—c—b—a （9） Money is valuable. We use money to buy what we need and want. That is why we have to choose between things and spend our money wisely (明智地). Here is a survey about the monthly spending of two foreigners. Betty’s and Lucy’s monthly spending 1．Betty spends ________ of her money on food. A．31% B．50% C．14% D．20% 2．Betty and Lucy spend the same percentage (百分比) of money on ________. A．others B．books C．savings D．food 3．Lucy puts 40% of her money on ________. A．savings B．food C．books D．others 4.Where is the passage probably from? A．A storybook. B．A music magazine. C．A newspaper. D．A map. (10) Good news! If you want to see your favorite cartoon image in the School Sports and Arts Festival, it is your chance to choose it by voting (投票) now! Cartoon images for voting: Voting Time: From October 15th, 2024 to November 1st, 2024 You can help your favorite cartoon image become the mascot (吉祥物). If the cartoon image gets the most votes, students can show it in the following ways: ·Dress up as the mascot. ·Make some lovely mascot dolls as free gifts. ·Draw the mascot on large posters. How to Vote?1. Visit our official website at www.voteforfun.com. 2. Choose your favorite cartoon image from the list. 3. Vote on WeChat mini program. Rules: ·Each person can vote twice a day. ·Only open to the students at our school. 1．Which cartoon image has the longest history? A．Peppa Pig. B．Xi Yangyang. C．Tom & Jerry. D．Sponge Bob. 2．Which of the following is NOT a way to show the mascot? A．Dressing-up. B．Posters. C．Dolls. D．Songs. 3．If a student votes for Peppa Pig twice a day for two weeks, how many votes can Peppa Pig get? A．24. B．28. C．30. D．32. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．By voting, one cartoon image can become a mascot in the Science Festival. B．People can pick the cartoon images in just two ways. C．People can vote on Alipay mini program if they like. D．Teachers at the school can’t vote for the mascot. 5．We can read this passage _________. A．on a school notice board B．on a medicine website C．in a newspaper D．in a food magazine (11) These days, short videos have become popular online. Many people make and share short videos on popular video apps like Little Red Book and Douyin. A video usually lasts 15 seconds to a few minutes. It shows people’s daily activities like cooking, exercising and singing. So many people are interested in it. Teenagers enjoy these videos very much. More than 50 percent of middle school students enjoy watching these short videos. About 47 percent of them have shared their own videos on Douyin, according to a recent report by the China National Youth Palace Association. The videos let teenagers see a lot of funny and exciting things. Many teenagers like sharing the fun things they do with others, too. For example, a student named Xiaoqianyu has shared videos about her dancing. They make her win many fans. However, the videos can also cause troubles. Some students watch short videos for too long and do not have enough time to study. Besides, there are some videos that are not appropriate for teenagers. They may learn bad things from them. To solve (解决) these problems, Douyin added some new functions (功能). Teenagers under 14 can only use it for at most 40 minutes a day. Besides, the app won’t work if they use it from 23:00 to 6:00. In the same month, the government asked companies to control these apps and take out harmful (有害的) videos. The apps have been checked and controlled more strictly since then, the Beijing News reported. 1．According to the article, what can people do on popular video apps? A．Cook, exercise and sing. B．Make money and attract a lot of fans. C．Create some funny videos and share them. D．Study online and learn something useful. 2．How many percentages of middle school students have shared their own videos on Douyin? A．About 53% B．Less than 50% C．About 47% D．97% 3．What does the underlined word “appropriate” mean? A．enough B．exciting C．new D．right 4．Teenagers under 14 can’t use Douyin at ________. A．11:00 B．3:00 C．18:00 D．20:00 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The person who makes the popular videos B．Discussion about popular short video apps C．The reasons why video apps become popular D．How to use video apps in a right way (12) When you use a computer, do you think about the importance of the mouse? This little plastic tool makes using computers so much easier. It has a history of more than 50 years. In 1964, American computer pioneer Douglas Engelbart invented the prototype (原型) of the mouse. On April 27, 1981, the first computer system with a mouse and the user interface (界面) appeared. This design plays an important part in the personal computing world even today. The invention of the mouse was the beginning of a new age. Before the mouse, computer users had to use complex (复杂的) tools and difficult code (编码) to connect to their computers. Some say developments like the touchscreen will mean the end of the mouse, but others believe the mouse will be around for a while longer. “It’s easy to learn, and you don’t need to take your eyes off the screen to use it. These are the reasons for its long life,” says Ken Perlin, a professor at New York University. Scientists are now working on adding new things to the mouse. Recently, they made a “soft mouse”, which is made of a soft plastic material. Using it is like touching a cat, so some computer users have started calling it the “cat”. There is an Internet saying: One day the “cat” may eat the “mouse”. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking a question. B．By giving an example. C．By using an old saying. D．By giving a fact. 2．It was ______ for computer users to connect to their computers before the invention of the mouse. A．impossible B．interesting C．easy D．difficult 3．What can we know from the text? A．Scientists have invented a “soft mouse” made of cloth. B．The touchscreen will surely end the use of the mouse. C．We can use the computer without looking at the mouse. D．The mouse was invented by a Japanese scientist. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．An American computer pioneer. B．A useful tool—the mouse. C．The history of the computer. D．A new tool—the “cat”. 5．The text is probably taken from a ______. A．science book B．storybook C．geography book D．picture book 参考答案 （1） 【导语】本文围绕墨西哥湾的希克苏鲁伯陨石坑展开，介绍了小行星撞击地球导致恐龙灭绝的假说，包括撞击后的一系列灾难及恐龙灭绝的原因，最后指出恐龙灭绝之谜尚未完全解开。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago.”及“This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true.”可知，“it”指代前文提到的“小行星撞击导致恐龙灭绝”这一观点。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (熔化) of tons of rocks.”可知，小行星撞击地球时导致大量岩石熔化。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortages, including almost all dinosaurs.”可知，几乎所有恐龙灭绝的原因是食物短缺。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically.”可知，恐龙灭绝尚无科学定论。故选D。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕小行星撞击地球导致恐龙灭绝的科学假说展开，涉及太空（小行星）与科学知识，因此可能出现在关于太空的科学书中。故选B。 （2） 【导语】本文主要介绍了阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的生平。 1．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平，可能在百科全书中出现。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921.”可知，爱因斯坦在物理方面有很大的成就。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“He was always interested in things around him and full of imagination. He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers.”可知，爱因斯坦总是对周围的事情感兴趣，并且充满了想象力。他喜欢认真地观看事物并且问许多有关的问题。他的问题对于老师来说经常很难回答。由此可知，爱因斯坦是一个不同寻常的人，因此画线单词的意思是“非凡的”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them.”，“Einstein started school in 1885.”，“After graduation, Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office.”，“By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist.”和“Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921.”可知，正确的顺序是a-c-e-d-b。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“Scientists studied his brain after his death to see if there was anything special about it.”可知，科学家们对爱因斯坦的大脑很感兴趣。故选C。 （3） 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一项研究发现——蚂蚁能够通过嗅觉识别癌细胞，未来可能用于癌症检测。 1．细节理解题。根据“Ants have the ability to smell out cancerous cells (癌细胞) in humans, which has been found by a study, suggesting that they could be used to find the cancer in the future.”可知，研究发现，蚂蚁具有嗅出人体癌细胞的能力，即蚂蚁能够嗅出癌细胞。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“On the other hand, ants can be easily raised in a short time. They are inexpensive, and hundreds of them can be trained with fewer times,”可知，蚂蚁可以在短时间内轻松饲养，价格低廉，用更少的次数就可以训练出数百只。所以与狗相比，蚂蚁更容易喂养，很便宜且能被更快地训练。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了法国国家科学研究中心的研究人员发现蚂蚁的嗅觉很灵敏。只需通过短时间的训练，蚂蚁就能识别出人体的癌细胞，甚至还能区分不同的癌细胞，未来或可被大量地应用于临床诊断。所以作者的目的是介绍蚂蚁会比想象的更有用。故选A。 （4） 【导语】本文介绍了百科全书能提供不同类型的信息和知识，并给出了两篇来自百科全书的文章。 1推理判断题。根据“He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when he was just eight years old.”可知，Bizot出生于1967年，在8岁的时候就开始学习哑剧，1967+8=1975，也就是1975年开始学习哑剧。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Philippe Bizot is a famous mime master (哑剧大师) from France.”和“Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people full of imagination. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情).”可知，此处介绍他所使用的肢体语言，所以推测“gestures”应是“手势”的意思。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“For example, the whale is not a fish...There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin...Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and sea otters (海獭) love the sea.”可知，海豚、鲸鱼、海豹是动物，不是鱼。由此可知，鲨鱼是鱼。故选D。 （5） 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要探讨了不同文化背景下人们对数字的理解和计数方式存在差异。通过举例不同地区的人们手指计数的方法，以及一些没有数字词汇的部落，说明文化和语言对数字认知的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English, or do you have to use your first language? Do you count on your fingers?”可知，作者在文章开头列出了四个问题，这些问题与读者的日常生活相关，且具有一定的趣味性，其目的是吸引读者的兴趣，引导读者继续阅读。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In China, people count by using different finger positions. In this way, a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand.”可知，中国人可以通过使用不同的手指位置来进行计数，因此，中国人可以利用不同的手指位置来进行计数。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For example, the aboriginal people in Australia don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers. They don’t even have words for numbers. However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers.”可知，澳大利亚的土著居民没有代表数字的手势，甚至没有代表数字的词汇，但他们仍然能够理解关于数字的不同概念，说明他们的生活中有数字的概念。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Professor Edward Gibson from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology said that most people believe that everyone knows how to count. ‘But here is a group that does not count. They could learn, but it’s not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up.’”可知，麻省理工学院的Edward Gibson教授表示，大多数人认为每个人都知道如何计数，但有一个群体不会计数，他们可以学习，但在他们的文化中没有用，所以他们从来没有学过，这说明计数在该部落的文化中没有用。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Besides ways of finger counting, scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要探讨了不同文化背景下人们对数字的理解和计数方式存在差异，通过举例不同地区的人们手指计数的方法，以及一些没有数字词汇的部落，说明文化和语言对数字认知的影响，因此文章的主旨大意是不同文化背景的人对数字有不同的理解。故选A。 （6） 【导语】本文主要介绍了几个数字在不同国家所代表的不同意义。 1．细节理解题。根据“The number 3”部分“People in Sweden think all good things come in threes. For example, there are three kinds of medals in a game. People in South Korea and Italy think the same way.”可知，瑞典、韩国认为数字3是幸运数字。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“How about the number 13?”可知，作者通过提问的方式开启该段。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“The number 3”部分“People in Sweden think all good things come in threes....People in South Korea and Italy think the same way.”可知，意大利人认为数字3是幸运数字，所以来自意大利的简喜欢拍三个人的照片，①正确；根据“The number 9”部分“In Norway, its a lucky number, too.”可知，挪威人认为数字9是幸运数字，所以来自挪威的贝拉很高兴收集九个飞机模型，③正确。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出话题，第二至五段分别介绍了四个数字在不同国家的不同意义，因此本文是“总—分”的结构。故选C。 （7） 【导语】本文通过统计图的形式展示了人们空闲时间的一些信息。 1．细节理解题。根据Diagram 1“Hours for people of different ages using the Internet in a month”中的柱状图，31-55岁对应的柱子最高，可知31-55岁的人每月上网时间最长。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Diagram 2“The number of people to go to the reading room on different days”中的折线图可知，星期三（Wed.）对应的人数是90，为最多。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Diagram 3“TV programmes people like best”中的饼图可知，新闻（news）占比37%，是占比最高的。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据Diagram 3“TV programmes people like best”中的饼图“sports 18%”可知，18%的人喜欢看体育节目。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“a few students in our school made a survey (调查) about people’s free time. The following diagrams show the results of it.”及三个图表的内容可知，这三个图表向我们展示了人们空闲时间的一些信息。故选B。 （8） 【导语】本文主要介绍了罗马数字和阿拉伯数字的相关信息，包括罗马数字的计数方式、阿拉伯数字的起源与传播等。 1．细节理解题。根据“Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have ten. So in Rome, the numbers are ‘I, II, III, IV, V...’”可知，罗马数字中“V”表示5。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“But there is no zero in Roman numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see them on some watches and clocks.”可知，them指代前文提到的“Roman numerals (罗马数字)”，因为罗马数字没有零，且难以书写和计数，所以现在很少有人使用。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Do you know the numbers 0—9 well? They are Arabic numerals.”以及“But there is no zero in Roman numerals.”可知，阿拉伯数字中包含“0”，而罗马数字中没有。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count.”可知，如今很少有人使用罗马数字是因为它们难以书写和计数。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“In fact, Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals. In the late 8th century, people in Arabic countries learned about them. Then the Arabic people took them into Europe. So people in Europe called them Arabic numerals. Today, people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot.”可知，印度人首创阿拉伯数字，阿拉伯人后来了解了它们，并将其带入欧洲，最后全世界都在使用阿拉伯数字。因此，正确顺序为b—a—c—d。故选B。 （9） 【导语】本文是一份关于两个外国人每月消费的调查。 1．细节理解题。根据图片中“Food 20%”可知，贝蒂把20%的钱花在食物上。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据图片中“Books 14% 14%”可知，二人花费在书上的占比相同。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据图片中“Savings 40%”可知，露西把40%的钱放在储蓄上。故选A。 4．推理判断题。本文是一份关于两个外国人每月消费的调查，所以可能来自一份报纸。故选C。 （10） 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了学校体育艺术节中关于卡通形象投票活动的相关信息，包括投票时间、展示方式、投票方法和规则等。 1．细节理解题。根据“Peppa Pig”、“Born in: 2004”、“Xi Yangyang”、“Born in: 2005”、“Tom & Jerry”和“Born in: 1940”、“Sponge Bob”和“Born in: 1999”可知，汤姆和杰瑞是这些卡通形象中历史最悠久的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“If the cartoon image gets the most votes, students can show it in the following ways:”、“Dress up as the mascot.”、“Make some lovely mascot dolls as free gifts.”和“Draw the mascot on large posters.”可知，可以通过装扮成吉祥物，制作一些可爱的吉祥物玩偶以及在海报上绘制吉祥物来展示吉祥物。歌曲不是展示吉祥物的方式。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Each person can vote twice a day.”可知，每人每天可以投票两次，投票两周，即14天。小猪佩奇可获得2×14=28票。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Only open to the students at our school.”可知，投票仅对学校的学生开放。学校的老师不能投票。故选D。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章内容主要涉及学校体育艺术节的卡通形象投票活动，这种通知通常出现在学校公告板上。故选A。 （11） 【导语】本文主要讨论了流行的短视频应用。 1．细节理解题。根据“Many people make and share short videos on popular video apps like Little Red Book and Douyin.”以及“Many teenagers like sharing the fun things they do with others, too.”可知，人们可以在流行的视频应用上制作并分享一些有趣的视频。选项C“Create some funny videos and share them.”符合文意。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“About 47 percent of them have shared their own videos on Douyin, according to a recent report by the China National Youth Palace Association.”可知，大约47%的中学生在抖音上分享过自己的视频。选项C“About 47%”符合文意。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Some students watch short videos for too long and do not have enough time to study. Besides, there are some videos that are not appropriate for teenagers. They may learn bad things from them.”可知，一些学生看短视频的时间太长，没有足够的时间学习。此外，还有一些视频不适合青少年，他们可能会从中学到不好的东西。由此可知，appropriate意思是“合适的”。选项D“right”符合文意。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Teenagers under 14 can only use it for at most 40 minutes a day. Besides, the app won’t work if they use it from 23:00 to 6:00.”可知，14岁以下的青少年每天最多只能使用40分钟，并且如果他们在23:00到6:00之间使用，该应用将无法工作。因此，14岁以下的青少年不能在凌晨3点使用抖音。选项B“3:00”符合文意。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“These days, short videos have become popular online.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了流行的短视频应用。选项B“Discussion about popular short video apps”符合文意。故选B。 （12） 【导语】本文主要介绍了鼠标的发展历程。 1．推理判断题。根据“When you use a computer, do you think about the importance of the mouse?”可知，作者通过提问的方式引入话题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Before the mouse, computer users had to use complex (复杂的) tools and difficult code (编码) to connect to their computers.”可知，鼠标发明前操作电脑非常困难。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“It’s easy to learn, and you don’t need to take your eyes off the screen to use it.”可知，使用鼠标时可以不看鼠标本身。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕鼠标的历史、作用及未来发展展开，重点介绍鼠标作为一种实用工具的重要性。故选B。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章内容涉及科技发明和计算机工具，语言风格和内容适合科学类书籍。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $