专题03 介词动词（复习讲义）（江苏专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题03 语法知识之介词动词 介词考情 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 3 考点一：in/on/at、for/since/from、after/in/within的辨析（难点） 3 考点二：in/on/to、over/above/on、under/below/beneath的辨析（重点） 5 考点三：by/with/in 的辨析与固定搭配（重点） 6 实战精练与提升 7 一、考试要求 在江苏高三春季高考英语试卷中，介词是语法考查的基础且高频考点，主要集中在语法填空。语法填空中，介词考查多以纯空格题 形式出现，一是当空格后为带修饰词（冠词、代词）的名词 / 代词，且该成分不充当主语、表语或动词宾语时，需填介词；二是依托固定短语搭配设空，考查考生对介词固定用法的掌握。 二、命题分析 近五年江苏高考及模拟题中，介词考查呈现以下趋势： 语境化：单纯考记忆的题目减少，更多题目要求考生在完整的语境中判断应使用的介词或动词短语。 综合化：一道题可能同时考查多个知识点，例如，在语法填空中，一个空格可能同时涉及时态、语态和介词搭配。 高频短语重现率高：对于 in, on, at, for, with等核心介词的搭配，是每年考查的重点。 贴近生活：选题素材常来源于现实生活、科技发展和社会热点，要求考生具备将语法知识应用于真实场景的能力。 备考策略：摒弃死记硬背，重在理解核心含义，通过大量例句和练习培养语感。 知识点1、介词的概览​ 介词不能单独使用，必须后跟宾语，构成介词短语。介词短语在句中可作状语、定语、表语和补足语。 ①时间介词 时间介词是高考高频考点，核心在于根据时间表达的具体类型（时间段、时间点、特定日期等）选择正确介词，同时区分易混淆介词在时态搭配上的差异。 ②地点、方位介词 此类介词考查重点在于根据位置关系（内部、相邻、不相邻）和空间高度（垂直、非垂直、是否接触）选择正确介词，常结合地理常识或具体场景设题。 ③工具、方式、手段介词 该考点侧重考查不同工具 / 方式对应的介词选择，以及介词与交通方式、语言、材料等名词的固定搭配，是单项选择和语法填空的高频设题点。 知识点2、介词固定搭配（重难点：介词与名词、动词、形容词的搭配） 名词+介词 She has a great interest in music, and she has made much progress in playing the violin; her success in music is due to her love for it and her hard work. interest in 表示对…… 的兴趣，progress in 表示在…… 方面的进步，success in 表示在…… 方面的成功，love for 表示对…… 的爱。 He made an apology to his friend for his mistake, and he received a reply to his letter; he has a good knowledge of history, and he has a talent for solving difficult problems. apology to 表示对…… 的道歉，reply to 表示对…… 的回复，knowledge of 表示对…… 的知识，talent for 表示对…… 的天赋。 There is a need for more doctors in this hospital, and there is a shortage of medicine; the government has taken measures to protect the environment, and it has made a contribution to reducing pollution. need for 表示对…… 的需求，shortage of 表示…… 的短缺，contribution to 表示对…… 的贡献。 动词+介词 She listens to music every night, and she often talks to her friends about her hobbies; he depends on his parents for support, and he relies on his friends for help. listen to 表示听，talk to 表示和…… 谈话，depend on 表示依靠，rely on 表示依赖。 They agreed to the plan, and they decided to carry out the plan; he admitted to his mistake, and he promised to correct it. agree to 表示同意，carry out 表示执行，admit to 表示承认，promise to 表示承诺。 She looks forward to meeting her grandparents, and she has been waiting for them for a long time; he gave up smoking, and he has kept on exercising every day. look forward to 表示期待，wait for 表示等待，give up 表示放弃，keep on 表示坚持。 形容词+介词 She is good at English, and she is interested in English literature; he is afraid of heights, and he is careful with his work. good at 表示擅长，interested in 表示对…… 感兴趣，afraid of 表示害怕，careful with 表示对…… 小心。 The book is full of interesting stories, and it is popular with students; he is proud of his achievements, and he is satisfied with his life. full of 表示充满，popular with 表示受…… 欢迎，proud of 表示为…… 骄傲，satisfied with 表示对…… 满意。 She is strict with her students, and she is kind to them; he is responsible for his work, and he is loyal to his company. strict with 表示对…… 严格，kind to 表示对…… 友好，responsible for 表示对…… 负责，loyal to 表示对…… 忠诚。 · 考点一：in/on/at、for/since/from、after/in/within的辨析 · in/on/at的用法 in 用于世纪、年、季节、月、周以及泛指的上午 / 下午 / 晚上。 on 用于具体某一天” 或 某天的上午 / 下午 / 晚上（带修饰词）。 at 用于具体时间点、固定时间短语（如正午、黄昏、时刻）。 She was born in 2005 and started learning English in primary school in 2011. 2005 年是年份，用 in；primary school 阶段是泛指的时间段，用 in。 We will have a picnic on Sunday morning, but if it rains, we’ll stay at home on that cold day. Sunday morning 是 “某天的上午”，用 on；that cold day 是 “具体某一天”，用 on。The train to Beijing will leave at 8:30 a.m., so we need to arrive at the station at dawn. 8:30 a.m. 是具体时间点，用 at；dawn 是固定时间短语，用 at。 特别注意：当时间名词前有 last、next、this、that 等修饰时，不加介词，如 last Friday（上周五）、this evening（今晚）。 · for/since/from的用法 for 后接时间段，表示动作持续的时长，可用于过去、现在、将来时态。 since 后接过去时间点，表示从该时间点至今，需与现在完成时连用。 from 后接时间点，仅表示动作的起始点，不涉及持续时长，常与 to 搭配构成 from...to... 结构。 Mr. Wang has taught English in this school for 20 years, and he plans to keep teaching here for another 10 years. 20 years 和 10 years 是时间段，用 for；前半句教了 20 年用现在完成时，后半句 “再教 10 年” 用将来时，for 均适用。 They have been good friends since they met at the college entrance examination in 2021. 2021 年高考是过去时间点，从那时起成为朋友持续至今，用 since，搭配现在完成时。 The library is open from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. on weekdays, and from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on weekends. 8:00 a.m. 和 9:00 a.m. 是时间点，用 from，与 to 搭配表示从…… 到……。 例题The new school year will begin ______ September 1st, and classes start ______ 8:00 AM. 【答案】on, at​ 【解析】考查时间介词辨析。September 1st是具体日期，用on；8:00 AM是具体时间点，用at。句意：新学期将于9月1日开始，上午8点上课。 【变式训练】She has been learning piano ______ 2020, and practices ______ two hours every day. 【答案】since, for 【解析】考查时间介词。since后接过去时间点（2020年），与现在完成时连用；for后接时间段（two hours），表示持续时长。句意：她从2020年开始学钢琴，每天练习两小时。 · 考点二：in/on/to、over/above/on、under/below/beneath的辨析 · in/on/to的用法（表示 在…… 方位） in 表示在某范围之内。 on 表示与某范围相邻（接壤）。 to 表示在某范围之外（不接壤）。 Jiangsu Province lies in the eastern part of China, and it is on the north of Zhejiang Province. 江苏在中国范围内，用 in；与浙江接壤，用 on。 Japan is to the east of China, while Russia is on the north of China and Mongolia is in the north of Asia. 日本在中国之外且不接壤，用 to；俄罗斯与中国接壤，用 on；蒙古在亚洲范围内，用 in。 The new library is in the center of our school, and the playground is to the west of the library, with a small garden on the south of the playground. 图书馆在学校范围内，用 in；操场在图书馆之外，用 to；花园与操场相邻，用 on。 · over/above/on的用法（表示 在…… 之上） over 表示 “垂直在…… 正上方”，无接触。 above 表示 “在…… 上方”，非垂直，无接触。 on 表示 “在…… 之上”，有接触。 There is a bridge over the river, and you can see a bird flying above the bridge 桥垂直在河上方，用 over；鸟在桥的上方，非垂直，用 above。 She put her books on the desk, and there is a lamp above the desk, with a picture hanging over the lamp. 书在桌子上，有接触，用 on；灯在桌子上方，非垂直，用 above；画垂直在灯上方，用 over。 The plane flew over the city, and we could see many tall buildings below, with some flags on the top of the buildings. 飞机垂直在城市上方，用 over；建筑在飞机下方，用 below；旗帜在建筑顶部，有接触，用 on。 · under/below/beneath的用法（表示 在…… 之下） under 表示 “垂直在…… 正下方”，无接触。 below 表示 “在…… 下方”，非垂直，无接触。 beneath 表示 “在…… 之下”，可接触或非接触，更正式。 The cat is under the chair, and there is a box below the chair, with a book beneath the box. 猫垂直在椅子下方，用 under；盒子在椅子下方，非垂直，用 below；书在盒子之下，用 beneath，更正式。 The temperature today is below 0℃, so the water in the lake is under the ice, and we can see some fish beneath the ice. 温度在 0℃以下，用 below；水在冰的正下方，用 under；鱼在冰之下，用 beneath。 He hid the key beneath the stone, and the stone is under the big tree, with some grass below the tree. 钥匙在石头之下，用 beneath；石头在树的正下方，用 under；草在树的下方，非垂直，用 below。 例题Shanghai is ______ the east of China, while Japan is ______ the east of China across the sea. 【答案】in, to 【解析】考查方位介词。上海在中国范围内，用in；日本在中国之外不接壤，用to。句意：上海位于中国东部，而日本在中国东部的海上。 【变式训练】The helicopter flew ______ the city, and we could see clouds ______ the mountains. 【答案】over, above 【解析】考查方位介词。over表示垂直正上方（城市上空）；above表示非垂直上方（山上的云）。句意：直升机飞过城市上空，我们看到山上的云朵。 · 考点三：by/with/in 的辨析与固定搭配 · by/with/in的用法 by 后接 “交通工具（无冠词）”“方式 / 手段（抽象）”“计算单位”。 with 后接 “有形工具”“身体器官”“情感态度名词”。 in 后接 “语言”“材料”“颜色”“情绪状态”。 She usually goes to work by bus, but today she went by bike because her bus was late; she often writes letters in English and signs her name with a pen. by bus/by bike 表示交通方式，无冠词；in English 表示用英语，in 后接语言；with a pen 表示用钢笔，with 后接工具。 They made the table with wood, and the table is painted in red; he earns money by working as a teacher, and he is paid by the month. with wood 表示用木头，with 后接材料；in red 表示红色，in 后接颜色；by working 表示通过工作，by 后接方式；by the month 表示按月，by 后接计算单位。 The little girl looked at her mother with excitement, and she told her mother a story in a low voice; they communicated with each other by email, and they often discuss problems in math with their teacher. with excitement 表示带着兴奋，with 后接情感名词；in a low voice 表示用低声，in 后接状态；by email 表示通过邮件，by 后接方式；in math 表示在数学方面，in 后接学科。 · 固定搭配 This sweater was made by hand, and it was sold on the Internet; he learned to play the piano in this way, and he improved his skills by practicing every day. by hand 表示手工，on the Internet 表示通过网络，in this way 表示用这种方式，by practicing 表示通过练习。 She heard the news on the radio, and she told her friends about it by phone; they solved the problem by this means, and they finished the task with this method. on the radio 表示通过广播，by phone 表示通过电话，by this means 表示用这种手段，with this method 表示用这种方法。 The report was written in ink, and it was printed in black and white; he made a living by selling vegetables, and he saved money by cutting down unnecessary expenses. in ink 表示用墨水，in black and white 表示用黑白颜色。by selling 表示通过卖，by cutting down 表示通过减少。 例题He sent the report ______ email, and wrote it ______ English. 【答案】by, in 【解析】考查方式介词。by后接方式（email），无冠词；in后接语言（English）。句意：他通过邮件发送报告，并用英语撰写。 【变式训练】She cut the paper ______ scissors, and decorated it ______ red ink. 【答案】with, with 【解析】考查工具介词。with后接有形工具（scissors）或材料（ink）。句意：她用剪刀剪纸，并用红墨水装饰。 一、单句语法填空 1. Tom Hanks’ performance in the movie left a deep impression ________ him. 【答案】on 【解析】考查介词。句意：汤姆·汉克斯在这部电影中的表演给他留下了深刻的印象。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语leave an impression on sb.“给某人留下印象”。故填on。 2. My friend warned me the street-side cafe might be disappointing, but its fresh cakes, warm staff, and cheap drinks were completely ________ our expectations. 【答案】beyond 【解析】考查介词。句意：我的朋友提醒我那家街边咖啡馆可能会让人失望，但它新鲜的蛋糕、热情的店员和便宜的饮品完全超出了我们的预期。分析句子结构可知，此空考查介词，结合前文“朋友提醒可能失望”与后文“实际有新鲜蛋糕、热情店员和便宜饮品”的对比，需体现“实际情况超出预期”的语义；beyond作为介词，有“超出……范围”的含义，beyond our expectations为固定搭配，意为“超出我们的预期”，符合语境。故填beyond。 3. It is reported that an expressway from Lanzhou to Kunming is construction. 【答案】under 【解析】考查介词。句意：据报道，一条从兰州到昆明的高速公路正在建设中。“under construction”是固定短语，意为“在建设中”，其中介词under意为“在……过程中”。故填under。 4. The government has issued a total ban ________ smoking in school. 【答案】on 【解析】考查介词。句意：政府已颁布学校内全面禁止吸烟的禁令。分析句子结构可知，这里考查“a ban on sth.”，表示“关于……的禁令”，为固定搭配，符合语境。故填on。 5. The new trade agreement remains ________ negotiation, with both parties working to resolve key differences in market access regulations. 【答案】under 【解析】考查介词。句意：新的贸易协定仍在谈判中，双方正努力解决市场准入规则方面的关键分歧。under negotiation为常用搭配，意为“在谈判中、处于谈判状态”，其中介词under表示“处于……（过程或状态）中”，符合“协定尚未谈成，仍在进行中”的语境。故填under。 6. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. 【答案】by/from 【解析】考查介词。句意：今天，非洲16个国家的80多万人受益于清洁、安全的水这一改变生活的礼物。结合句意，表达“受益于……”用短语benefit by/from。故填by/from。 7. As he was not allowed to accompany her the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意：由于他不能陪她一起去商店，所以他便为她列了一份购物清单。accompany sb to...为固定搭配，意为“陪伴某人去某地”，设空处填介词to，the shops作其宾语。故填to。 8. As time went ________ , I realized how important it was to learn English well. 【答案】by 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：随着时间的流逝，我意识到学好英语是多么重要。as time went by意为“随着时间的流逝”，go by意为“经过，流逝”，因此空格处是by，故填by。 9. These units exposed children ________ many viewpoints of a given issue. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意：这些单元让孩子们接触到一个特定问题的许多观点。本题考查固定搭配expose sb. to sth.，意为“使某人暴露于某物；使某人接触到某物；使某人了解某物”。故填to。 10. He is a man worthy ________ praise. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。句意：他是一个值得赞扬的人。worthy of+名词是固定结构，表示“值得……的”。故填of。 11. She spoke ________ a whisper in case of waking her delicate baby up. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词。句意：她低声说话，以防吵醒她娇嫩的宝宝。“in a whisper”是固定搭配，意为“低声地、悄声地”，符合“为避免吵醒宝宝而小声说话”的语境。故填in。 12. Most Western languages have some forms of distinction, with some of them adding ingredients for ________ good measure. 【答案】for 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：大多数西方语言都有某种形式的区分，其中一些还额外添加了要素。根据 good measure可知，此处是固定短语for good measure，意为“额外地；额外添加；作为补充”，在句中作状语。故填for。 13. While she was singing on the stage, her mother was accompanying her the piano. 【答案】on/at 【解析】考查介词。句意：她在舞台上唱歌时，她的母亲正用钢琴为她伴奏。这里考查“accompany sb. on/at+乐器”，为固定搭配，意为“用某种乐器为某人伴奏”，此处on或at用于连接伴奏的乐器（piano），符合语境。故填on或at。 14. You will take possession ________ the house immediately if you pay now. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。句意：如果你现在付款，你将立即取得这所房子的所有权。“take possession of”是固定搭配，意为“占有；拥有；取得……的所有权”，故填of。 15. Both sides are convinced that they are the right. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：双方都坚信自己是正确的。in the right是固定搭配，意为“正确、有理”。在句中“in the right”作表语。 故填in。 16. Here are some tips on how to go the writing task. 【答案】about 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：这里有一些关于如何完成写作任务的建议。go about是固定短语，意为“处理（问题或任务）”，因此空格处是about。故填about。 17. You can’t go ________ the government. If you do, they’ll force you to move. 【答案】against 【解析】考查介词。句意：你不能违背政府。如果你这么做了，他们会强迫你搬走。根据下文If you do, they’ll force you to move.可知，空处表达的是“违背”，go against是固定短语，意为“违背，违反”。故填against。 18. He joined the army in defence ________ his country. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。句意：他参军保卫祖国。in defence of“为了保卫，为……辩护”，故填of。 19. Five years older than the majority of officers of his same rank, he was determined to make up ________ lost time. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。句意：他比同职级的大多数军官都年长五岁，因此决心弥补逝去的时光。结合句意，表达“弥补”用短语make up for。故填for。 20. I rely ________ him for everything; he's my right arm. 【答案】on/upon 【解析】考查介词。句意：我事事都依赖他；他是我的得力助手。rely on/upon依靠，依赖。故填on/upon。 二、语法填空 The Wisdom of the Ancients in Modern Life​​ In today’s rapidly developing world, there is a growing trend 1.________ young people returning to traditional culture. 2.________ the past decade, programs like "National Treasure" have sparked widespread interest 3. ________ Chinese history and art. A group 4.________ university students in Nanjing is a prime example. They are working 5.________ a project to create digital models of ancient buildings. Instead of just reading 6. ________ these structures in books, they travel to historical sites to take measurements. 7. ________ their hard work, they have managed to preserve detailed records of many endangered sites. The team often works 8.________ the early morning until late at night. 9. ________ weekdays, they focus 10. ________ data analysis. 11.________ weekends, they go out for field research. They share their progress 12. ________ their teachers and the public 13. ________ holding monthly online seminars. “This project is not just 14. ________ us,” said the team leader. “It’s 15.________ future generations. We hope to bridge the gap between the past and the present.” 【答案】1. among 2. Over / During / In 3. in 4. of 5. on 6. about​7. Through / Because of / With 8. from 9.On 10.on 11. On 12. with 13. by 14. for 15. for 【解析】 1.考查介词辨析。trend among... 表示“在……群体中的趋势”。句意为“在年轻人中，回归传统文化的趋势日益增长”。 ​2.考查时间介词。Over / During / In the past decade 是固定搭配，表示“在过去的十年里”，与现在完成时连用。 ​3.考查固定搭配。interest in sth. 表示“对……的兴趣”，是高频考点。 ​4. 考查表示“的”的介词。a group of... 表示“一群……”，表示所属关系。 ​5.考查固定搭配。work on a project 表示“从事一个项目”，on 在此表示“从事于”。 ​6.考查介词辨析。read about sth. 表示“通过阅读了解某事”，区别于 read sth.（阅读某物）。句意为“不仅仅是读书了解这些建筑”。 ​7.考查方式或原因介词。Through / Because of / With their hard work 表示“通过/因为他们的努力工作”，在句中作状语。Through 强调“通过（方法）”，Because of 强调原因，With 强调“凭借”。 ​8.考查固定搭配。from... until/till... 表示“从……到……”，描述时间段。 ​9.考查时间介词。On weekdays/weekends 表示“在工作日/周末”，指具体的某几天。 ​10.考查固定搭配。focus on... 表示“专注于……”，是核心动词短语。 ​11.考查时间介词。同上题，On weekends 是固定搭配。 ​12.考查介词辨析。share sth. with sb. 表示“与某人分享某物”。 ​13.考查方式介词。by doing sth. 表示“通过做某事的方式”，在句中作方式状语。 ​14.考查介词辨析。for us 表示“为了我们”，表示目的或对象。 ​15.考查介词辨析。同上题，for future generations 表示“为了子孙后代”。 三、真题演练 1.（2025年新高考卷I）A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ________ no more than one or two points as a gesture （姿态） of respect for the other side. 【答案】by 【解析】考查介词。beat 打败，战胜，与 by 搭配意为“以……之差或以…程度战胜某人”。句意为：一个有风度的胜者总是尽量只以一分或两分的优势击败对手，以此作为对对方的一种尊重。因此应填介词by。 2.（2025年新高考卷Ⅱ）Nothing in my life before prepared me ________ this one - and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this home or area. 【答案】for 【解析】 考查介词。句意：我过去的生活从未让我为现在的生活做好准备。固定搭配 prepare sb for sth（使某人对某事有准备）。故填for。类似结构：equip sb for, train sb for。 3.（2025年北京卷）After all, exploring the world shouldn't come ________ the planet's expense. 【答案】at 【解析】考查介词。句意：毕竟，探索这个世界不应以破坏地球为代价。come at ……expense 以……为代价）。这个空我们推测填介词，但是如果没有见过这个搭配就属于非常难的了。expense是费用，花销，the planet's expense=the expense of the planet，就相当于at the cost of ...。 4.（2020年秋考） Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ________the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes（衣柜） or contributing to landfill. 【答案】on 【解析】考查介词。句意：如今的消费者不再在意某件物品是二手的这一事实，而是更关注自己拥有了独一无二的衣物这一事实，同时也不会让自己的衣橱过于臃肿，也不会因此造成垃圾堆积。focus on是固定短语，意为“聚焦于，专注于”。  5.（2024年全国甲卷）This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _________ all people of the nation to enjoy-as a national park. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。句意：必须被妥善保存供全国人民欣赏。介词for表目的，表示“为了”。 动词考情 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 13 知识体系构建 14 考点精析与突破 15 考点一：规则动词与不规则动词的过去式、过去分词变化（常考点） 15 考点二：系动词的分类与用法（重点） 16 考点三：及物动词和不及物动词的用法（重点） 18 考点四：助动词的用法（难点） 19 考点五：高频动词短语的词义辨析（常考点） 21 实战精练与提升 23 一、考试要求 动词是英语语法的核心，在江苏高三春季高考中占据极高分值，考查范围涵盖动词基本形式、系动词及物 / 不及物动词、助动词、动词短语等，题型涉及语法填空、完形填空甚至书面表达。语法填空侧重考查动词的时态、语态变化以及非谓语动词（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）的运用；完形填空则重点考查动词词义辨析、动词短语辨析（如 break、get、take、turn 等高频动词构成的短语），要求考生结合语境判断动词的含义与用法；书面表达则要求考生正确运用动词的时态、语态和搭配，确保句子语法正确、表达准确。 二、命题分析 近五年江苏高考及模拟题中，动词的考查呈现以下趋势： 语境化：单纯考记忆的题目减少，更多题目要求考生在完整的语境中判断应使用的介词或动词短语。 综合化：一道题可能同时考查多个知识点，例如，在语法填空中，一个空格可能同时涉及时态、语态和介词搭配。 高频短语重现率高：对于 look, make, take, get, put等核心动词构成的短语，以及 in, on, at, for, with等核心介词的搭配，是每年考查的重点。 贴近生活：选题素材常来源于现实生活、科技发展和社会热点，要求考生具备将语法知识应用于真实场景的能力。 备考策略：摒弃死记硬背，重在理解核心含义，通过大量例句和练习培养语感，建立自己的“搭配库”。 知识梳理 知识点1、动词的基本形式​ 动词基本形式是语法填空的基础考点，需掌握规则动词的变化规律（加 - s/-es、加 - ed、加 - ing）和不规则动词的特殊变化（需逐个记忆），同时注意第三人称单数形式在一般现在时中的运用。 知识点2、系动词 系动词本身无完整词义，需后接表语（名词、形容词、介词短语等）构成系表结构，说明主语的性质、状态或身份。高考常考查系动词的辨析（如 look、sound、smell、taste、feel 等感官系动词；become、get、grow、turn 等变化系动词）以及系动词后接表语的正确形式。 知识点3、及物动词和不及物动词 及物动词必须接宾语才能表达完整意思，可接简单宾语、双宾语或复合宾语；不及物动词不接宾语，若需接宾语，需先加介词。高考常考查及物动词与不及物动词的辨析（如 arrive、reach；listen、hear 等）以及双宾语及物动词的搭配（如 give、pass、buy、make 等）。 知识点4、助动词 助动词本身无词义，用于帮助实义动词构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句，常见助动词有 be（am/is/are/was/were）、have（has/had）、do（does/did）、will（would）、shall（should）。高考常考查助动词在不同时态（如现在完成时、现在进行时、一般过去时）和语态（被动语态）中的运用，以及助动词 do 在否定句和疑问句中的用法。 知识点5、动词短语 动词短语是高考单项选择和完形填空的核心考点，由 “动词 + 介词”“动词 + 副词”“动词 + 名词 + 介词” 等构成，需重点记忆高频动词（如 break、get、take、turn、put、look、come、go 等）构成的短语，结合语境判断其含义。 考点精讲 · 考点一：规则动词与不规则动词的过去式、过去分词变化 · 规则动词变化 ①一般现在时第三人称单数：一般在动词原形后加 - s；以 s、x、ch、sh、o 结尾的动词加 - es；以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 加 - es。 He usually gets up early in the morning, and he washes his face and brushes his teeth before breakfast; he goes to school by bike every day. get→gets，wash→washes，brush→brushes，go→goes，均为第三人称单数形式。 She teaches English in a middle school, and she watches English movies in her free time; she studies hard and always passes the exams. teach→teaches，watch→watches，study→studies，pass→passes，均为第三人称单数形式。 The factory produces cars, and it exports them to many countries; the manager checks the production every week and reports to the boss. produce→produces，export→exports，check→checks，report→reports，均为第三人称单数形式。 ②过去式 / 过去分词 一般在动词原形后加 - ed；以 e 结尾的动词加 - d；以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 加 - ed；以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写末尾辅音字母加 - ed。 He worked in this company last year, and he finished many important projects; he visited his parents last weekend and stayed with them for two days. work→worked，finish→finished，visit→visited，stay→stayed，均为规则动词过去式。 She lived in Beijing when she was young, and she studied at Peking University; she loved reading and wrote many articles. live→lived，study→studied，love→loved，write→wrote，write 为不规则动词，其余为规则动词。 They planned to go on a trip, and they booked tickets and hotels in advance; they started their trip last Monday and returned yesterday. plan→planned，book→booked，start→started，return→returned，plan 为双写末尾辅音字母加 - ed，其余为规则变化。 · 不规则动词变化 需重点记忆高频不规则动词，如 be、have、do、go、come、take 等。 He has been to Shanghai many times, and he went there last month; he saw many interesting places and met some old friends. be→been，go→went，see→saw，meet→met，均为不规则动词过去分词 / 过去式。 She did her homework last night, and she found a difficult problem; she asked her teacher for help and got the answer. do→did，find→found，ask→asked，get→got，do、find、get 为不规则动词，ask 为规则动词。 They took a bus to the park, and they came back home at 5 p.m.; they ate dinner together and talked about their day. take→took，come→came，eat→ate，talk→talked，take、come、eat 为不规则动词，talk 为规则动词。 例题Last week, he ______ (go) to the library and ______ (borrow) three books. 【答案】went, borrowed 【解析】考查不规则动词go的过去式和规则动词borrow的过去式。 【变式训练】She often ______ (study) in the evening, and yesterday she ______ (finish) her homework early. 【答案】studies, finished 【解析】考查第三人称单数形式和规则动词过去式。 · 考点二：系动词的分类与用法 · 感官系动词 look、sound、smell、taste、feel：后接形容词作表语，不接副词。 The flowers look beautiful, and they smell sweet; the music sounds wonderful, and it makes me feel happy. look beautiful 表示看起来漂亮，smell sweet 表示闻起来香，sound wonderful 表示听起来美妙，feel happy 表示感觉开心，均接形容词作表语。 The cake tastes delicious, and it feels soft; the shirt looks nice, and it feels comfortable. taste delicious 表示尝起来美味，feel soft 表示摸起来软，look nice 表示看起来好看，feel comfortable 表示摸起来舒服，均接形容词作表语。 The story sounds interesting, and it makes me feel excited; the soup smells good, and it tastes hot. sound interesting 表示听起来有趣，feel excited 表示感觉兴奋，smell good 表示闻起来香，taste hot 表示尝起来辣，均接形容词作表语。 · 变化系动词 become、get、grow、turn：表示主语从一种状态变为另一种状态，后接形容词或名词作表语。 She became a doctor after graduating from college, and she got busy with her work; she grew older, but she still kept a young heart. become a doctor 表示成为一名医生，接名词；get busy 表示变得忙碌，接形容词；grow older 表示变老，接形容词。 The leaves turn yellow in autumn, and the weather gets cold; he became more confident after winning the competition. turn yellow 表示变黄，接形容词；get cold 表示变冷，接形容词；become more confident 表示变得更自信，接形容词比较级。 The little boy grew tall quickly, and he became a student in a primary school; the water turned into ice because of the low temperature. grow tall 表示长高，接形容词；become a student 表示成为一名学生，接名词；turn into ice 表示变成冰，接名词短语。 · 状态系动词 be、keep、stay、remain：表示主语的持续状态，be 动词可接名词、形容词、介词短语等作表语；keep、stay、remain 后接形容词作表语。 He is a student, and he is good at math; he keeps quiet in class, and he stays focused on his studies. is a student 表示是一名学生，接名词；is good at math 表示擅长数学，接介词短语；keep quiet 表示保持安静，stay focused 表示保持专注，均接形容词。 The room remains clean, and it stays tidy all the time; she is happy, and she is in a good mood. remain clean 表示保持干净，stay tidy 表示保持整洁，均接形容词；is happy 表示开心，接形容词；is in a good mood 表示心情好，接介词短语。 The problem remains unsolved, and it keeps being discussed; he is from China, and he is interested in Chinese culture. remain unsolved 表示仍未解决，keep being discussed 表示持续被讨论，均接形容词 / 过去分词；is from China 表示来自中国，接介词短语；is interested in 表示对…… 感兴趣，接介词短语。 例题The flowers in the garden ______ (smell) sweet after the rain. 【答案】smell 【解析】考查感官系动词。smell后接形容词sweet，表示闻起来香，主语第三人称复数，用原形。 【变式训练】After the training, he ______ (become) more confident in public speaking. 【答案】became 【解析】考查变化系动词。become后接形容词短语，过去式用became。句意：培训后，他对公开演讲变得更自信。 · 考点三：及物动词和不及物动词的用法 · 及物动词 及物动词后接简单宾语 She loves reading, and she reads many books every month; she enjoys music, and she listens to music every night. love后接 reading 作宾语，read 后接 many books 作宾语，enjoy 后接 music 作宾语，均为及物动词接简单宾语。 He bought a new phone yesterday, and he gave the old one to his brother; he wrote a letter to his friend, and he posted it this morning. buy后接 a new phone 作宾语，give 后接 the old one 作宾语，write 后接 a letter 作宾语，post 后接 it 作宾语，均为及物动词接简单宾语。 They found a solution to the problem, and they solved it quickly; they discovered a new place, and they visited it last weekend. find后接 a solution 作宾语，solve 后接 it 作宾语，discover 后接 a new place 作宾语，visit 后接 it 作宾语，均为及物动词接简单宾语。 及物动词后接双宾语 分为 “间接宾语 + 直接宾语”，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物；部分动词间接宾语可改为 “to/for + 间接宾语”（to 表示 “给”，for 表示 “为”）。 She gave me a book, and I gave a pen to her in return; he passed her a cup of tea, and she thanked him. give me a book=give a book to me，pass her a cup of tea=pass a cup of tea to her，均为 “动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”，间接宾语可改为 “to + 间接宾语”。 My mother bought me a new dress, and she made a cake for me on my birthday; he cooked me a delicious meal, and he fetched a glass of water for me. buy me a new dress=buy a new dress for me，make a cake for me，cook me a meal=cook a meal for me，均为 “动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”，间接宾语可改为 “for + 间接宾语”。 The teacher taught us English, and she told us a story; he showed me his photos, and he read me a poem. teach us English=teach English to us，tell us a story=tell a story to us，show me his photos=show his photos to me，read me a poem=read a poem to me，均为 “动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”，间接宾语可改为 “to + 间接宾语”。 · 不及物动词 不接宾语或加介词后接宾语 He arrived in Beijing yesterday, and he will leave for Shanghai tomorrow; the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. arrive 为不及物动词，后接介词 in + 宾语 Beijing；leave 为不及物动词，后接介词 for + 宾语 Shanghai；rise 和 set 为不及物动词，不接宾语。 She works in a hospital, and she studies in her free time; they talked about the problem, and they agreed with each other. work 为不及物动词，后接介词 in + 宾语 a hospital；study 为不及物动词，不接宾语；talk 为不及物动词，后接介词 about + 宾语 the problem；agree 为不及物动词，后接介词 with + 宾语 each other。 The rain stopped at noon, and the wind died down slowly; he laughed loudly, and he cried because of sadness. stop 和 die down 为不及物动词，不接宾语；laugh 为不及物动词，不接宾语；cry 为不及物动词，后接介词 because of + 宾语 sadness。 例题They ______ (discuss) the environmental issue for hours yesterday. 【答案】discussed 【解析】考查及物动词。discuss是及物动词，后接宾语the environmental issue，过去式用discussed。 【变式训练】She ______ (arrive) at the airport early, and then ______ (wait) for her friend. 【答案】arrived, waited 【解析】考查不及物动词arrive（后接at）和及物动词wait（后接for）。 · 考点四：助动词的用法 · be动词 构成进行时态和被动语态 ①现在进行时：am/is/are+doing He has lived in this city for 10 years, and he has made many friends here; she has read this book twice, and she likes it very much. has lived 表示已经住了，has made 表示已经交了，has read 表示已经读了，均为现在完成时。 They have visited Beijing many times, and they have seen the Great Wall; I have finished my homework, and I can go out to play. have visited 表示已经参观了，have seen 表示已经看了，have finished 表示已经完成了，均为现在完成时。 The company has developed a new product, and it has sold well; my father has worked in this factory since 2000.has developed 表示已经研发了，has sold 表示已经卖得好，has worked 表示已经工作了，均为现在完成时。 ②被动语态：am/is/are/was/were+done The book is written by a famous writer, and it was published last year; the letters are delivered by the postman every day. is written 表示被写，was published 表示被出版，are delivered 表示被投递，均为被动语态。 The room was cleaned by my sister yesterday, and it is being cleaned now; the problem will be solved by the teacher. was cleaned 表示被打扫，is being cleaned 表示正在被打扫，will be solved 表示将被解决，均为被动语态。 The trees are planted by the students every spring, and the flowers were watered by my mother this morning; the report has been finished by him. are planted 表示被种植，were watered 表示被浇水，has been finished 表示已经被完成，均为被动语态。 · have动词 构成完成时态。 ①现在完成时：have/has+done He has lived in this city for 10 years, and he has made many friends here; she has read this book twice, and she likes it very much. has lived 表示已经住了，has made 表示已经交了，has read 表示已经读了，均为现在完成时。 They have visited Beijing many times, and they have seen the Great Wall; I have finished my homework, and I can go out to play. have visited 表示已经参观了，have seen 表示已经看了，have finished 表示已经完成了，均为现在完成时。 The company has developed a new product, and it has sold well; my father has worked in this factory since 2000.has developed 表示已经研发了，has sold 表示已经卖得好，has worked 表示已经工作了，均为现在完成时。 ②过去完成时：had+done He had finished his work before he went home, and he had called his wife to tell her. had finished 表示在回家前已经完成了，had called 表示在回家前已经打电话了，均为过去完成时。 They had left the park before it started to rain, and they had taken an umbrella with them. had left 表示在下雨前已经离开了，had taken 表示在下雨前已经带了伞，均为过去完成时。 She had learned English for 5 years before she went to England, and she had made some English friends online.had learned 表示在去英国前已经学了，had made 表示在去英国前已经交了，均为过去完成时。 · do动词 构成否定句、疑问句和强调句 否定句：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t + 动词原形 I don’t like coffee, and my brother doesn’t like tea either; they didn’t go to the party last night. don’t like 表示不喜欢，doesn’t like 表示不喜欢，didn’t go 表示没去，均为否定句。 She doesn’t watch TV every day, and she doesn’t play computer games; he didn’t finish his homework yesterday. doesn’t watch 表示不看，doesn’t play 表示不玩，didn’t finish 表示没完成，均为否定句。 We don’t have class on weekends, and they don’t have to get up early; you didn’t tell me the truth. don’t have 表示没有，don’t have to 表示不必，didn’t tell 表示没告诉，均为否定句。 疑问句：Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词原形 Do you like reading books? Does he often go to the library? Did they have a good time yesterday? Do you like 表示你喜欢吗，Does he often go 表示他经常去吗，Did they have 表示他们玩得开心吗，均为疑问句。 Do they usually play basketball after school? Does she speak English well? Did you finish your homework on time? Do they usually play 表示他们通常放学后打篮球吗，Does she speak 表示她英语说得好吗，Did you finish 表示你按时完成作业了吗，均为疑问句。 Do we need to bring our books to class? Does he know the answer to the problem? Did they visit the museum last week? Do we need 表示我们需要带书去上课吗，Does he know 表示他知道问题的答案吗，Did they visit 表示他们上周参观博物馆了吗，均为疑问句。 例题______ you ever ______ (visit) the Great Wall? It is a famous tourist attraction. 【答案】Have, visited 【解析】考查助动词have构成现在完成时。疑问句中助动词提前，过去分词用visited。 【变式训练】He ______ (not finish) the project yet, but he will soon. 【答案】has not finished 【解析】考查助动词has的否定式。现在完成时否定句用has not + 过去分词。 · 考点五：高频动词短语的词义辨析 · break短语 break down、break up、break out、break in The car broke down on the way to the airport, so we had to take a taxi; the talks between the two countries broke down because of some differences. break down表示出故障、失败。 Their marriage broke up after 10 years, and they decided to live separately; the students broke up for the summer vacation. break up表示破裂、解散。 A fire broke out in the building last night, and the firefighters arrived quickly; a war broke out between the two countries in 1990. break out表示爆发。 Someone broke in last night and stole a lot of money; he broke in without knocking at the door. break in表示闯入、打断。 · get 短语 get up、get on、get off、get along、get over He usually gets up at 6:30 a.m., and he gets on the bus at 7:10 a.m. get up表示起床，get on表示上车。 She got off the train at the station, and she got along well with her new classmates. get off表示下车，get along well with表示与…… 相处融洽。 He got over his illness after a month of treatment, and he got back to work. get over表示克服、恢复，get back表示回到。 They got together to celebrate Christmas, and they got ready for the new year. get together表示聚集，get ready for表示为…… 做准备。 · take 短语 take up、take off、take on、take over、take care of He took up painting as a hobby, and he took off his coat when he entered the room. take up表示开始从事，take off表示脱下、起飞。 The company took on more workers to finish the project, and it took over a small company last year. take on 示雇佣、承担，take over表示接管。 She took care of her sick mother, and she took part in the English competition. take care of表示照顾，take part in表示参加。 He took down the notes carefully, and he took away the books from the desk. take down表示记下，take away表示拿走。 · turn 短语 turn on、turn off、turn up、turn down、turn out She turned on the light when it got dark, and she turned off the TV before going to bed. turn on表示打开，turn off表示关。 He turned up the radio to listen to the news, and she turned down his invitation to the party. turn up表示调大，turn down表示调小、拒绝。 The party turned out to be a great success, and he turned into a kind man after the experience. turn out 表示结果是，turn into表示变成。 They turned to the teacher for help, and the road turned left at the corner. turn to表示求助于，turn left 表示向左转。 例题Please ______ the lights when you leave the room to save energy. 【答案】turn off 【解析】考查动词短语。turn off表示关闭，后接宾语the lights。 【变式训练】She decided to ______ smoking for the sake of her health. 【答案】give up 【解析】考查动词短语。give up表示放弃，后接动名词smoking。 练 一、单句语法填空（注意动词时态语态与非谓语动词） 1. Don’t worry. I can ________ (defence) myself from my enemies. 【答案】defend 【解析】考查动词。句意：别担心。我可以保护自己免受敌人的攻击。空前有情态动词can，所以空处应用动词原形。defend意为“保卫”，为及物动词。defend sb. from...意为“保护某人免受……”。 2. This book ________ (sell) well in our province. 【答案】sells 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这本书在我们省卖得很好。设空处为谓语，此处的sell（卖得……样）为不及物动词，描述一般事实用一般现在时，主语This book，谓语用第三人称单数， 3. Being exposed to English frequently ________ (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language. 【答案】enables 【解析】考查动词、时态和主谓一致。句意：频繁接触英语能够使我们更好地掌握这门语言。空处作句子的谓语，应用动词。enable意为“使能够”，为及物动词。本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语Being exposed to English frequently为动名词短语，所以谓语用单数。 4. Little ________(do) I think that I would pursue fashion design as my job and qualify as a fashion designer eventually. 【答案】did 【解析】考查倒装句和时态。句意：我几乎没有想过我会把时装设计作为我的工作，并最终成为一名合格的时装设计师。否定副词little位于句首，使用部分倒装，将助动词置于主语之前，结合“would pursue”可知，使用一般过去时，助动词用did。 5. A “hat trick”________(occur) in football when a player scores three goals in a single game. 【答案】occurs 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在足球比赛中，当一名球员在一场比赛中打进三个球时，这被称为“帽子戏法”。根据“when a player scores three goals in a single game. ”可知，用一般现在时态，表示客观事实，空处作谓语，主语A “hat trick”表示单数意义，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，occur意为“发生”，为不及物动词。 6. Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll ________(fright) the customers away. 【答案】frighten 【解析】考查动词。句意：别把价格定得太高，否则你会吓跑顾客的。空前有助动词will，所以空处应用动词原形。frighten意为“使惊吓”，frighten away表示“把……吓跑”。故填frighten 7. China is a developing country that ________(belong) to the Third World. 【答案】belongs 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：中国是一个属于第三世界的发展中国家。分析句子成分可知，这是一个由that引导的限制性定语从句，country是先行词，that在定语从句中充当主语成分，空格处需填谓语动词；结合定语从句的主谓一致原则，即谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致，再结合主句时态为一般现在时，所以此空应填一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。 8. The boy can (memory) the data easily. 【答案】memorize 【解析】考查动词。句意：这个男孩能很容易地记住这些数据。根据空前的can可知，空处应用动词原形。memorize意为“记忆，记住”，为及物动词。故填memorize。 9. Some students agree to hold a party for Christmas, but others (agree) because it’s not a Chinese traditional festival. 【答案】disagree 【解析】考查动词。句意“有些学生同意举办一个圣诞派对，但另外的学生不同意，因为他们认为圣诞节并不是中国节日。根据“but”可知，两个分句之间呈转折关系，所以横线处填的应该是agree的反义词。agree是动词，意思是“同意”，其反义词是“disagree”，意思是“不同意”；根据agree判断本句属于一般现在时，所以disagree也应使用一般现在时，无需变形。 10. I made my decision. Nothing will make me (change) my mind. 【答案】change 【解析】考查使役动词。句意：我做了决定。没有什么能让我改变主意。make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，其中do前省略了不定式符号to，故change“改变”用动词原形。 11. Don’t let yourself (pressure) into making a hasty decision. 【答案】be pressured 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子，句中pressure与yourself之间是被动关系，句中let sb do为固定短语，故应该使用let sb be done的结构，意为“让……被……”。 12. This can (deep) their knowledge about the history of the moon and the solar system. 【答案】deepen 【解析】考查动词。句意：这可以加深他们对月球和太阳系历史的了解。根据空前的can可知，空处应用动词原形。deep的动词形式是deepen，意为“增长（知识），加深（理解）”，为及物动词。 13. I had to make important decisions that would (effect) me for the rest of my life. 【答案】affect 【解析】考查动词。句意：我必须做出影响我余生的重要决定。作从句的谓语应用动词affect，结合would可知填原形。 14. The coal miners should have their lungs  (examine) regularly to ensure their health. 【答案】examined 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：煤矿工人应该定期检查肺部，以确保他们的健康。动词examine意为“检查”；此处考查have sth done，意为“让……被做”，设空处为非谓语动词，examine与逻辑主语their lungs之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词examined，作补语。 15. The foreigner tried to make himself (understand), but failed. 【答案】understood 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：那个外国人试图让别人听懂他的话，但没有成功。句子的主语为tried。设空处应用非谓语动词，understand与逻辑主语himself之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作宾补。 16. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able (select) the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. 【答案】to select 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：实验中，在大多数情况下Goffin的凤头鹦鹉仅通过视觉识别，就能够选择正确的工具。根据固定结构be able to do sth. 能够做某事，可知，此处需使用to select。 17. But Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him (put) his hand in cold water. 【答案】put 【解析】考查动词。句意：但是杰夫的手碰到了灼热的炉子，他痛苦地叫了一声。珍娜让他把手放进冷水里。结合句意此处make为使役动词，make sb do sth意为“使某人做某事，让某人做某事”。 18. The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 【答案】felt 【解析】考查时态。句意：当我跳进游泳池晨练时，水感觉很凉。根据句意和句中“jumped”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“feel”意为“感觉”，为感官动词，用主动形式表示被动含义，“feel”的过去式为“felt”。 19. China’s deadliest earthquake in recent years ((be)a 7.9 magnitude quake in 2008 that killed nearly 90, 000 people in Sichuan. 【答案】was 【解析】考查系动词。句意：中国近年来死亡人数最多的地震是2008年发生的7.9级地震，导致四川近9万人丧生。分析句子可知，空处是系动词，表示“是”；该地震发生在过去，故用一般过去时；由主语earthquake可知be用单数形式；故填was。 20. He is the only one of the boys who (have) helped me. 【答案】has 【解析】考查动词。句意：他是男孩中唯一帮助过我的人。分析句子可知，此处是who引导的定语从句，指代先行词the boys，而先行词前有the only修饰，故空处应用动词的第三人称单数形式，此处时态为一般现在时，故应用has。故填has 二、语法填空 China’s Space Dream: From Earth to the Stars​​ China’s space program 1. ________ (achieve) remarkable success in the past few years. The Chang'e-6 mission, which 2. ________ (return) to Earth with samples from the far side of the moon not long ago, is a perfect example. The journey of exploration 3. ________ (begin) decades ago. Back then, a team of scientists 4. ________ (work) in extremely difficult conditions with limited resources. They 5. ________ (determine) to make a difference, and they did. Currently, a new crew of astronauts 6. ________ (train) for the next manned mission. They 7. ________ (expect) to conduct more complex experiments on the space station. Before 8. ________ (send) into space, they must go through countless simulations. Looking ahead, China 9. ________ (build) a lunar research station in the future. This grand dream 10. ________ (realize) through the efforts of every dedicated scientist and engineer. 【答案】1. has achieved​2. returned​​3. began​4. worked / were working 5.were determined 6. is training / are training​7. are expected​​8. being sent 9. will build / is going to build 10. will be realized / is going to be realized​ 【解析】 1.考查动词的时态（现在完成时）。由时间状语“in the past few years”（在过去的几年里）可知，动作从过去持续到现在并对现在有影响，应用现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）。主语是第三人称单数“program”， 2.考查动词的时态（一般过去时）。定语从句“which...”描述的是“不久前”已经完成的动作“返回地球”，这是一个明确的过去时间点，应用一般过去时。 3.考查动词的时态（一般过去时）。本句的主干描述的是“探索之旅开始于几十年前”，这是一个纯粹的过去动作，应用一般过去时。 4.考查动词的时态（一般过去时/过去进行时）。描述过去某个时间段（Back then）持续的状态或进行的动作，可以用一般过去时 worked，强调状态；也可以用过去进行时 were working，强调动作的持续性。两者皆可接受。 5.考查系表结构和被动语态。形容词“determined”（下定决心的）常用于“be determined to do”结构，表示状态。主语“They”与determine构成被动关系（他们被决心驱使/他们怀有决心），且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态 were determined。 6.考查动词的时态（现在进行时）和主谓一致。由时间状语“Currently”（目前）可知，动作正在进行。主语“crew”作为集体名词，强调整体时谓语用单数（is training），强调个体成员时可用复数（are training）。两者在语境中皆可接受。 ​7.考查动词的时态和语态（一般现在时的被动语态）。主语“They”（宇航员）与动词“expect”之间是被动关系（被期望）。这是一种客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。 ​8.考查非谓语动词（动名词的被动式）。介词“before”后需接动词的-ing形式作宾语。主语“they”与动词“send”之间是被动关系（被送入太空），故用动名词的被动式 being sent。 9.考查动词的时态（一般将来时）。由时间状语“in the future”可知，此动作为将来计划或打算。故用一般将来时，可用 will build 或 is going to build。 ​10.考查动词的时态和语态（一般将来时的被动语态）。主语“This grand dream”与动词“realize”之间是被动关系（梦想被实现），且动作发生在将来，故应用一般将来时的被动语态，填 will be realized 或 is going to be realized。 三、真题演练 1.（2025全国高考I卷）“The players’ personalities ________ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture（姿态） of respect for the other side. ” 【答案】are revealed；tries 【57解析】考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。 2.（2025全国高考Ⅱ卷）I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent（香味）” of freshly sunned clothes ________ (be) one of them. 【答案】is 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent（香味）” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。 3.（2025全国高考Ⅱ卷）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】left 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。 4.（2025 1月浙江首考） The concept ________(be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. 【答案】is 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。 5.（2025 1月浙江首考）By the time you brushed your teeth, you ________(make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ________(achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【答案】had made， are achieved 【解析】考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。句意：根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 语法知识之介词动词 介词考情 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 3 考点一：in/on/at、for/since/from、after/in/within的辨析（难点） 3 考点二：in/on/to、over/above/on、under/below/beneath的辨析（重点） 4 考点三：by/with/in 的辨析与固定搭配（重点） 6 实战精练与提升 7 一、考试要求 在江苏高三春季高考英语试卷中，介词是语法考查的基础且高频考点，主要集中在语法填空。语法填空中，介词考查多以纯空格题 形式出现，一是当空格后为带修饰词（冠词、代词）的名词 / 代词，且该成分不充当主语、表语或动词宾语时，需填介词；二是依托固定短语搭配设空，考查考生对介词固定用法的掌握。 二、命题分析 近五年江苏高考及模拟题中，介词考查呈现以下趋势： 语境化：单纯考记忆的题目减少，更多题目要求考生在完整的语境中判断应使用的介词或动词短语。 综合化：一道题可能同时考查多个知识点，例如，在语法填空中，一个空格可能同时涉及时态、语态和介词搭配。 高频短语重现率高：对于 in, on, at, for, with等核心介词的搭配，是每年考查的重点。 贴近生活：选题素材常来源于现实生活、科技发展和社会热点，要求考生具备将语法知识应用于真实场景的能力。 备考策略：摒弃死记硬背，重在理解核心含义，通过大量例句和练习培养语感。 知识点1、介词的概览​ 介词不能单独使用，必须后跟宾语，构成介词短语。介词短语在句中可作状语、定语、表语和补足语。 ①时间介词 时间介词是高考高频考点，核心在于根据时间表达的具体类型（时间段、时间点、特定日期等）选择正确介词，同时区分易混淆介词在时态搭配上的差异。 ②地点、方位介词 此类介词考查重点在于根据位置关系（内部、相邻、不相邻）和空间高度（垂直、非垂直、是否接触）选择正确介词，常结合地理常识或具体场景设题。 ③工具、方式、手段介词 该考点侧重考查不同工具 / 方式对应的介词选择，以及介词与交通方式、语言、材料等名词的固定搭配，是单项选择和语法填空的高频设题点。 知识点2、介词固定搭配（重难点：介词与名词、动词、形容词的搭配） 名词+介词 She has a great interest in music, and she has made much progress in playing the violin; her success in music is due to her love for it and her hard work. interest in 表示对…… 的兴趣，progress in 表示在…… 方面的进步，success in 表示在…… 方面的成功，love for 表示对…… 的爱。 He made an apology to his friend for his mistake, and he received a reply to his letter; he has a good knowledge of history, and he has a talent for solving difficult problems. apology to 表示对…… 的道歉，reply to 表示对…… 的回复，knowledge of 表示对…… 的知识，talent for 表示对…… 的天赋。 There is a need for more doctors in this hospital, and there is a shortage of medicine; the government has taken measures to protect the environment, and it has made a contribution to reducing pollution. need for 表示对…… 的需求，shortage of 表示…… 的短缺，contribution to 表示对…… 的贡献。 动词+介词 She listens to music every night, and she often talks to her friends about her hobbies; he depends on his parents for support, and he relies on his friends for help. listen to 表示听，talk to 表示和…… 谈话，depend on 表示依靠，rely on 表示依赖。 They agreed to the plan, and they decided to carry out the plan; he admitted to his mistake, and he promised to correct it. agree to表示同意，carry out 表示执行，admit to 表示承认，promise to 表示承诺。 She looks forward to meeting her grandparents, and she has been waiting for them for a long time; he gave up smoking, and he has kept on exercising every day. look forward to 表示期待，wait for 表示等待，give up 表示放弃，keep on 表示坚持。 形容词+介词 She is good at English, and she is interested in English literature; he is afraid of heights, and he is careful with his work. good at 表示擅长，interested in 表示对…… 感兴趣，afraid of 表示害怕，careful with 表示对…… 小心。 The book is full of interesting stories, and it is popular with students; he is proud of his achievements, and he is satisfied with his life. full of 表示充满，popular with 表示受…… 欢迎，proud of 表示为…… 骄傲，satisfied with 表示对…… 满意。 She is strict with her students, and she is kind to them; he is responsible for his work, and he is loyal to his company. strict with 表示对…… 严格，kind to 表示对…… 友好，responsible for 表示对…… 负责，loyal to 表示对…… 忠诚。 · 考点一：in/on/at、for/since/from、after/in/within的辨析 · in/on/at的用法 in 用于世纪、年、季节、月、周以及泛指的上午 / 下午 / 晚上。 on 用于具体某一天” 或 某天的上午 / 下午 / 晚上（带修饰词）。 at 用于具体时间点、固定时间短语（如正午、黄昏、时刻）。 She was born in 2005 and started learning English in primary school in 2011. 2005 年是年份，用 in；primary school 阶段是泛指的时间段，用 in。 We will have a picnic on Sunday morning, but if it rains, we’ll stay at home on that cold day. Sunday morning 是 “某天的上午”，用 on；that cold day 是 “具体某一天”，用 on。The train to Beijing will leave at 8:30 a.m., so we need to arrive at the station at dawn. 8:30 a.m. 是具体时间点，用 at；dawn 是固定时间短语，用 at。 特别注意：当时间名词前有 last、next、this、that 等修饰时，不加介词，如 last Friday（上周五）、this evening（今晚）。 · for/since/from的用法 for 后接时间段，表示动作持续的时长，可用于过去、现在、将来时态。 since 后接过去时间点，表示从该时间点至今，需与现在完成时连用。 from 后接时间点，仅表示动作的起始点，不涉及持续时长，常与 to 搭配构成 from...to... 结构。 Mr. Wang has taught English in this school for 20 years, and he plans to keep teaching here for another 10 years. 20 years 和 10 years 是时间段，用 for；前半句教了 20 年用现在完成时，后半句 “再教 10 年” 用将来时，for 均适用。 They have been good friends since they met at the college entrance examination in 2021. 2021 年高考是过去时间点，从那时起成为朋友持续至今，用 since，搭配现在完成时。 The library is open from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. on weekdays, and from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on weekends. 8:00 a.m. 和 9:00 a.m. 是时间点，用 from，与 to 搭配表示从…… 到……。 例题The new school year will begin ______ September 1st, and classes start ______ 8:00 AM. 【变式训练】She has been learning piano ______ 2020, and practices ______ two hours every day. · 考点二：in/on/to、over/above/on、under/below/beneath的辨析 · in/on/to的用法（表示 在…… 方位） in 表示在某范围之内。 on 表示与某范围相邻（接壤）。 to 表示在某范围之外（不接壤）。 Jiangsu Province lies in the eastern part of China, and it is on the north of Zhejiang Province. 江苏在中国范围内，用 in；与浙江接壤，用 on。 Japan is to the east of China, while Russia is on the north of China and Mongolia is in the north of Asia. 日本在中国之外且不接壤，用 to；俄罗斯与中国接壤，用 on；蒙古在亚洲范围内，用 in。 The new library is in the center of our school, and the playground is to the west of the library, with a small garden on the south of the playground. 图书馆在学校范围内，用 in；操场在图书馆之外，用 to；花园与操场相邻，用 on。 · over/above/on的用法（表示 在…… 之上） over 表示 “垂直在…… 正上方”，无接触。 above 表示 “在…… 上方”，非垂直，无接触。 on 表示 “在…… 之上”，有接触。 There is a bridge over the river, and you can see a bird flying above the bridge 桥垂直在河上方，用 over；鸟在桥的上方，非垂直，用 above。 She put her books on the desk, and there is a lamp above the desk, with a picture hanging over the lamp. 书在桌子上，有接触，用 on；灯在桌子上方，非垂直，用 above；画垂直在灯上方，用 over。 The plane flew over the city, and we could see many tall buildings below, with some flags on the top of the buildings. 飞机垂直在城市上方，用 over；建筑在飞机下方，用 below；旗帜在建筑顶部，有接触，用 on。 · under/below/beneath的用法（表示 在…… 之下） under 表示 “垂直在…… 正下方”，无接触。 below 表示 “在…… 下方”，非垂直，无接触。 beneath 表示 “在…… 之下”，可接触或非接触，更正式。 The cat is under the chair, and there is a box below the chair, with a book beneath the box. 猫垂直在椅子下方，用 under；盒子在椅子下方，非垂直，用 below；书在盒子之下，用 beneath，更正式。 The temperature today is below 0℃, so the water in the lake is under the ice, and we can see some fish beneath the ice. 温度在 0℃以下，用 below；水在冰的正下方，用 under；鱼在冰之下，用 beneath。 He hid the key beneath the stone, and the stone is under the big tree, with some grass below the tree. 钥匙在石头之下，用 beneath；石头在树的正下方，用 under；草在树的下方，非垂直，用 below。 例题Shanghai is ______ the east of China, while Japan is ______ the east of China across the sea. 【变式训练】The helicopter flew ______ the city, and we could see clouds ______ the mountains. · 考点三：by/with/in 的辨析与固定搭配 · by/with/in的用法 by 后接 “交通工具（无冠词）”“方式 / 手段（抽象）”“计算单位”。 with 后接 “有形工具”“身体器官”“情感态度名词”。 in 后接 “语言”“材料”“颜色”“情绪状态”。 She usually goes to work by bus, but today she went by bike because her bus was late; she often writes letters in English and signs her name with a pen. by bus/by bike 表示交通方式，无冠词；in English 表示用英语，in 后接语言；with a pen 表示用钢笔，with 后接工具。 They made the table with wood, and the table is painted in red; he earns money by working as a teacher, and he is paid by the month. with wood 表示用木头，with 后接材料；in red 表示红色，in 后接颜色；by working 表示通过工作，by 后接方式；by the month 表示按月，by 后接计算单位。 The little girl looked at her mother with excitement, and she told her mother a story in a low voice; they communicated with each other by email, and they often discuss problems in math with their teacher. with excitement 表示带着兴奋，with 后接情感名词；in a low voice 表示用低声，in 后接状态；by email 表示通过邮件，by 后接方式；in math 表示在数学方面，in 后接学科。 · 固定搭配 This sweater was made by hand, and it was sold on the Internet; he learned to play the piano in this way, and he improved his skills by practicing every day. by hand 表示手工，on the Internet 表示通过网络，in this way 表示用这种方式，by practicing 表示通过练习。 She heard the news on the radio, and she told her friends about it by phone; they solved the problem by this means, and they finished the task with this method. on the radio 表示通过广播，by phone 表示通过电话，by this means 表示用这种手段，with this method 表示用这种方法。 The report was written in ink, and it was printed in black and white; he made a living by selling vegetables, and he saved money by cutting down unnecessary expenses. in ink 表示用墨水，in black and white 表示用黑白颜色。by selling 表示通过卖，by cutting down 表示通过减少。 例题He sent the report ______ email, and wrote it ______ English. 【变式训练】She cut the paper ______ scissors, and decorated it ______ red ink. 一、单句语法填空 1. Tom Hanks’ performance in the movie left a deep impression ________ him. 2. My friend warned me the street-side cafe might be disappointing, but its fresh cakes, warm staff, and cheap drinks were completely ________ our expectations. 3. It is reported that an expressway from Lanzhou to Kunming is construction. 4. The government has issued a total ban ________ smoking in school. 5. The new trade agreement remains ________ negotiation, with both parties working to resolve key differences in market access regulations. 6. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. 7. As he was not allowed to accompany her the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her. 8. As time went ________ , I realized how important it was to learn English well. 9. These units exposed children ________ many viewpoints of a given issue. 10. He is a man worthy ________ praise. 11. She spoke ________ a whisper in case of waking her delicate baby up. 12. Most Western languages have some forms of distinction, with some of them adding ingredients for good measure. 13. While she was singing on the stage, her mother was accompanying her the piano. 14. You will take possession ________ the house immediately if you pay now. 15. Both sides are convinced that they are the right. 16. Here are some tips on how to go the writing task. 17. You can’t go ________ the government. If you do, they’ll force you to move. 18. He joined the army in defence ________ his country. 19. Five years older than the majority of officers of his same rank, he was determined to make up ________ lost time. 20. I rely ________ him for everything; he's my right arm. 二、语法填空 The Wisdom of the Ancients in Modern Life​​ In today’s rapidly developing world, there is a growing trend 1.________ young people returning to traditional culture. 2.________ the past decade, programs like "National Treasure" have sparked widespread interest 3. ________ Chinese history and art. A group 4.________ university students in Nanjing is a prime example. They are working 5.________ a project to create digital models of ancient buildings. Instead of just reading 6. ________ these structures in books, they travel to historical sites to take measurements. 7. ________ their hard work, they have managed to preserve detailed records of many endangered sites. The team often works 8.________ the early morning until late at night. 9. ________ weekdays, they focus 10. ________ data analysis. 11.________ weekends, they go out for field research. They share their progress 12. ________ their teachers and the public 13. ________ holding monthly online seminars. “This project is not just 14. ________ us,” said the team leader. “It’s 15.________ future generations. We hope to bridge the gap between the past and the present.” 三、真题演练 1.（2025年新高考卷I）A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ________ no more than one or two points as a gesture （姿态） of respect for the other side. 2.（2025年新高考卷Ⅱ）Nothing in my life before prepared me ________ this one - and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this home or area. 3.（2025年北京卷）After all, exploring the world shouldn't come ________ the planet's expense. 4.（2020年秋考） Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ________the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes（衣柜） or contributing to landfill. 5.（2024年全国甲卷）This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _________ all people of the nation to enjoy-as a national park. 动词考情 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 9 知识体系构建 10 考点精析与突破 11 考点一：规则动词与不规则动词的过去式、过去分词变化（常考点） 11 考点二：系动词的分类与用法（重点） 12 考点三：及物动词和不及物动词的用法（重点） 13 考点四：助动词的用法（难点） 15 考点五：高频动词短语的词义辨析（常考点） 17 实战精练与提升 18 解读 一、考试要求 动词是英语语法的核心，在江苏高三春季高考中占据极高分值，考查范围涵盖动词基本形式、系动词及物 / 不及物动词、助动词、动词短语等，题型涉及语法填空、完形填空甚至书面表达。语法填空侧重考查动词的时态、语态变化以及非谓语动词（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）的运用；完形填空则重点考查动词词义辨析、动词短语辨析（如 break、get、take、turn 等高频动词构成的短语），要求考生结合语境判断动词的含义与用法；书面表达则要求考生正确运用动词的时态、语态和搭配，确保句子语法正确、表达准确。 二、命题分析 近五年江苏高考及模拟题中，动词的考查呈现以下趋势： 语境化：单纯考记忆的题目减少，更多题目要求考生在完整的语境中判断应使用的介词或动词短语。 综合化：一道题可能同时考查多个知识点，例如，在语法填空中，一个空格可能同时涉及时态、语态和介词搭配。 高频短语重现率高：对于 look, make, take, get, put等核心动词构成的短语，以及 in, on, at, for, with等核心介词的搭配，是每年考查的重点。 贴近生活：选题素材常来源于现实生活、科技发展和社会热点，要求考生具备将语法知识应用于真实场景的能力。 备考策略：摒弃死记硬背，重在理解核心含义，通过大量例句和练习培养语感，建立自己的“搭配库”。 知识梳理 知识点1、动词的基本形式​ 动词基本形式是语法填空的基础考点，需掌握规则动词的变化规律（加 - s/-es、加 - ed、加 - ing）和不规则动词的特殊变化（需逐个记忆），同时注意第三人称单数形式在一般现在时中的运用。 知识点2、系动词 系动词本身无完整词义，需后接表语（名词、形容词、介词短语等）构成系表结构，说明主语的性质、状态或身份。高考常考查系动词的辨析（如 look、sound、smell、taste、feel 等感官系动词；become、get、grow、turn 等变化系动词）以及系动词后接表语的正确形式。 知识点3、及物动词和不及物动词 及物动词必须接宾语才能表达完整意思，可接简单宾语、双宾语或复合宾语；不及物动词不接宾语，若需接宾语，需先加介词。高考常考查及物动词与不及物动词的辨析（如 arrive、reach；listen、hear 等）以及双宾语及物动词的搭配（如 give、pass、buy、make 等）。 知识点4、助动词 助动词本身无词义，用于帮助实义动词构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句，常见助动词有 be（am/is/are/was/were）、have（has/had）、do（does/did）、will（would）、shall（should）。高考常考查助动词在不同时态（如现在完成时、现在进行时、一般过去时）和语态（被动语态）中的运用，以及助动词 do 在否定句和疑问句中的用法。 知识点5、动词短语 动词短语是高考单项选择和完形填空的核心考点，由 “动词 + 介词”“动词 + 副词”“动词 + 名词 + 介词” 等构成，需重点记忆高频动词（如 break、get、take、turn、put、look、come、go 等）构成的短语，结合语境判断其含义。 考点精讲 · 考点一：规则动词与不规则动词的过去式、过去分词变化 · 规则动词变化 ①一般现在时第三人称单数：一般在动词原形后加 - s；以 s、x、ch、sh、o 结尾的动词加 - es；以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 加 - es。 He usually gets up early in the morning, and he washes his face and brushes his teeth before breakfast; he goes to school by bike every day. get→gets，wash→washes，brush→brushes，go→goes，均为第三人称单数形式。 She teaches English in a middle school, and she watches English movies in her free time; she studies hard and always passes the exams. teach→teaches，watch→watches，study→studies，pass→passes，均为第三人称单数形式。 The factory produces cars, and it exports them to many countries; the manager checks the production every week and reports to the boss. produce→produces，export→exports，check→checks，report→reports，均为第三人称单数形式。 ②过去式 / 过去分词 一般在动词原形后加 - ed；以 e 结尾的动词加 - d；以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 加 - ed；以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写末尾辅音字母加 - ed。 He worked in this company last year, and he finished many important projects; he visited his parents last weekend and stayed with them for two days. work→worked，finish→finished，visit→visited，stay→stayed，均为规则动词过去式。 She lived in Beijing when she was young, and she studied at Peking University; she loved reading and wrote many articles. live→lived，study→studied，love→loved，write→wrote，write 为不规则动词，其余为规则动词。 They planned to go on a trip, and they booked tickets and hotels in advance; they started their trip last Monday and returned yesterday. plan→planned，book→booked，start→started，return→returned，plan 为双写末尾辅音字母加 - ed，其余为规则变化。 · 不规则动词变化 需重点记忆高频不规则动词，如 be、have、do、go、come、take 等。 He has been to Shanghai many times, and he went there last month; he saw many interesting places and met some old friends. be→been，go→went，see→saw，meet→met，均为不规则动词过去分词 / 过去式。 She did her homework last night, and she found a difficult problem; she asked her teacher for help and got the answer. do→did，find→found，ask→asked，get→got，do、find、get 为不规则动词，ask 为规则动词。 They took a bus to the park, and they came back home at 5 p.m.; they ate dinner together and talked about their day. take→took，come→came，eat→ate，talk→talked，take、come、eat 为不规则动词，talk 为规则动词。 例题Last week, he ______ (go) to the library and ______ (borrow) three books. 【变式训练】She often ______ (study) in the evening, and yesterday she ______ (finish) her homework early. · 考点二：系动词的分类与用法 · 感官系动词 look、sound、smell、taste、feel：后接形容词作表语，不接副词。 The flowers look beautiful, and they smell sweet; the music sounds wonderful, and it makes me feel happy. look beautiful 表示看起来漂亮，smell sweet 表示闻起来香，sound wonderful 表示听起来美妙，feel happy 表示感觉开心，均接形容词作表语。 The cake tastes delicious, and it feels soft; the shirt looks nice, and it feels comfortable. taste delicious 表示尝起来美味，feel soft 表示摸起来软，look nice 表示看起来好看，feel comfortable 表示摸起来舒服，均接形容词作表语。 The story sounds interesting, and it makes me feel excited; the soup smells good, and it tastes hot. sound interesting 表示听起来有趣，feel excited 表示感觉兴奋，smell good 表示闻起来香，taste hot 表示尝起来辣，均接形容词作表语。 · 变化系动词 become、get、grow、turn：表示主语从一种状态变为另一种状态，后接形容词或名词作表语。 She became a doctor after graduating from college, and she got busy with her work; she grew older, but she still kept a young heart. become a doctor 表示成为一名医生，接名词；get busy 表示变得忙碌，接形容词；grow older 表示变老，接形容词。 The leaves turn yellow in autumn, and the weather gets cold; he became more confident after winning the competition. turn yellow 表示变黄，接形容词；get cold 表示变冷，接形容词；become more confident 表示变得更自信，接形容词比较级。 The little boy grew tall quickly, and he became a student in a primary school; the water turned into ice because of the low temperature. grow tall 表示长高，接形容词；become a student 表示成为一名学生，接名词；turn into ice 表示变成冰，接名词短语。 · 状态系动词 be、keep、stay、remain：表示主语的持续状态，be 动词可接名词、形容词、介词短语等作表语；keep、stay、remain 后接形容词作表语。 He is a student, and he is good at math; he keeps quiet in class, and he stays focused on his studies. is a student 表示是一名学生，接名词；is good at math 表示擅长数学，接介词短语；keep quiet 表示保持安静，stay focused 表示保持专注，均接形容词。 The room remains clean, and it stays tidy all the time; she is happy, and she is in a good mood. remain clean 表示保持干净，stay tidy 表示保持整洁，均接形容词；is happy 表示开心，接形容词；is in a good mood 表示心情好，接介词短语。 The problem remains unsolved, and it keeps being discussed; he is from China, and he is interested in Chinese culture. remain unsolved 表示仍未解决，keep being discussed 表示持续被讨论，均接形容词 / 过去分词；is from China 表示来自中国，接介词短语；is interested in 表示对…… 感兴趣，接介词短语。 例题The flowers in the garden ______ (smell) sweet after the rain. 【变式训练】After the training, he ______ (become) more confident in public speaking. · 考点三：及物动词和不及物动词的用法 · 及物动词 及物动词后接简单宾语 She loves reading, and she reads many books every month; she enjoys music, and she listens to music every night. love 后接 reading 作宾语，read 后接 many books 作宾语，enjoy 后接 music 作宾语，均为及物动词接简单宾语。 He bought a new phone yesterday, and he gave the old one to his brother; he wrote a letter to his friend, and he posted it this morning. buy 后接 a new phone 作宾语，give 后接 the old one 作宾语，write 后接 a letter 作宾语，post 后接 it 作宾语，均为及物动词接简单宾语。 They found a solution to the problem, and they solved it quickly; they discovered a new place, and they visited it last weekend. find 后接 a solution 作宾语，solve 后接 it 作宾语，discover 后接 a new place 作宾语，visit 后接 it 作宾语，均为及物动词接简单宾语。 及物动词后接双宾语 分为 “间接宾语 + 直接宾语”，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物；部分动词间接宾语可改为 “to/for + 间接宾语”（to 表示 “给”，for 表示 “为”）。 She gave me a book, and I gave a pen to her in return; he passed her a cup of tea, and she thanked him. give me a book=give a book to me，pass her a cup of tea=pass a cup of tea to her，均为 “动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”，间接宾语可改为 “to + 间接宾语”。 My mother bought me a new dress, and she made a cake for me on my birthday; he cooked me a delicious meal, and he fetched a glass of water for me. buy me a new dress=buy a new dress for me，make a cake for me，cook me a meal=cook a meal for me，均为 “动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”，间接宾语可改为 “for + 间接宾语”。 The teacher taught us English, and she told us a story; he showed me his photos, and he read me a poem. teach us English=teach English to us，tell us a story=tell a story to us，show me his photos=show his photos to me，read me a poem=read a poem to me，均为 “动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”，间接宾语可改为 “to + 间接宾语”。 · 不及物动词 不接宾语或加介词后接宾语 He arrived in Beijing yesterday, and he will leave for Shanghai tomorrow; the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. arrive 为不及物动词，后接介词 in + 宾语 Beijing；leave 为不及物动词，后接介词 for + 宾语 Shanghai；rise 和 set 为不及物动词，不接宾语。 She works in a hospital, and she studies in her free time; they talked about the problem, and they agreed with each other. work 为不及物动词，后接介词 in + 宾语 a hospital；study 为不及物动词，不接宾语；talk 为不及物动词，后接介词 about + 宾语 the problem；agree 为不及物动词，后接介词 with + 宾语 each other。 The rain stopped at noon, and the wind died down slowly; he laughed loudly, and he cried because of sadness. stop 和 die down 为不及物动词，不接宾语；laugh 为不及物动词，不接宾语；cry 为不及物动词，后接介词 because of + 宾语 sadness。 例题They ______ (discuss) the environmental issue for hours yesterday. 【变式训练】She ______ (arrive) at the airport early, and then ______ (wait) for her friend. · 考点四：助动词的用法 · be动词 构成进行时态和被动语态 ①现在进行时：am/is/are+doing He has lived in this city for 10 years, and he has made many friends here; she has read this book twice, and she likes it very much. has lived 表示已经住了，has made 表示已经交了，has read 表示已经读了，均为现在完成时。 They have visited Beijing many times, and they have seen the Great Wall; I have finished my homework, and I can go out to play. have visited 表示已经参观了，have seen 表示已经看了，have finished 表示已经完成了，均为现在完成时。 The company has developed a new product, and it has sold well; my father has worked in this factory since 2000.has developed 表示已经研发了，has sold 表示已经卖得好，has worked 表示已经工作了，均为现在完成时。 ②被动语态：am/is/are/was/were+done The book is written by a famous writer, and it was published last year; the letters are delivered by the postman every day. is written 表示被写，was published 表示被出版，are delivered 表示被投递，均为被动语态。 The room was cleaned by my sister yesterday, and it is being cleaned now; the problem will be solved by the teacher. was cleaned 表示被打扫，is being cleaned 表示正在被打扫，will be solved 表示将被解决，均为被动语态。 The trees are planted by the students every spring, and the flowers were watered by my mother this morning; the report has been finished by him. are planted 表示被种植，were watered 表示被浇水，has been finished 表示已经被完成，均为被动语态。 · have动词 构成完成时态。 ①现在完成时：have/has+done He has lived in this city for 10 years, and he has made many friends here; she has read this book twice, and she likes it very much. has lived 表示已经住了，has made 表示已经交了，has read 表示已经读了，均为现在完成时。 They have visited Beijing many times, and they have seen the Great Wall; I have finished my homework, and I can go out to play. have visited 表示已经参观了，have seen 表示已经看了，have finished 表示已经完成了，均为现在完成时。 The company has developed a new product, and it has sold well; my father has worked in this factory since 2000.has developed 表示已经研发了，has sold 表示已经卖得好，has worked 表示已经工作了，均为现在完成时。 ②过去完成时：had+done He had finished his work before he went home, and he had called his wife to tell her. had finished 表示在回家前已经完成了，had called 表示在回家前已经打电话了，均为过去完成时。 They had left the park before it started to rain, and they had taken an umbrella with them. had left 表示在下雨前已经离开了，had taken 表示在下雨前已经带了伞，均为过去完成时。 She had learned English for 5 years before she went to England, and she had made some English friends online.had learned 表示在去英国前已经学了，had made 表示在去英国前已经交了，均为过去完成时。 · do动词 构成否定句、疑问句和强调句 否定句：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t + 动词原形 I don’t like coffee, and my brother doesn’t like tea either; they didn’t go to the party last night. don’t like 表示不喜欢，doesn’t like 表示不喜欢，didn’t go 表示没去，均为否定句。 She doesn’t watch TV every day, and she doesn’t play computer games; he didn’t finish his homework yesterday. doesn’t watch 表示不看，doesn’t play 表示不玩，didn’t finish 表示没完成，均为否定句。 We don’t have class on weekends, and they don’t have to get up early; you didn’t tell me the truth. don’t have 表示没有，don’t have to 表示不必，didn’t tell 表示没告诉，均为否定句。 疑问句：Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词原形 Do you like reading books? Does he often go to the library? Did they have a good time yesterday? Do you like 表示你喜欢吗，Does he often go 表示他经常去吗，Did they have 表示他们玩得开心吗，均为疑问句。 Do they usually play basketball after school? Does she speak English well? Did you finish your homework on time? Do they usually play 表示他们通常放学后打篮球吗，Does she speak 表示她英语说得好吗，Did you finish 表示你按时完成作业了吗，均为疑问句。 Do we need to bring our books to class? Does he know the answer to the problem? Did they visit the museum last week? Do we need 表示我们需要带书去上课吗，Does he know 表示他知道问题的答案吗，Did they visit 表示他们上周参观博物馆了吗，均为疑问句。 例题______ you ever ______ (visit) the Great Wall? It is a famous tourist attraction. 【变式训练】He ______ (not finish) the project yet, but he will soon. · 考点五：高频动词短语的词义辨析 · break短语 break down、break up、break out、break in The car broke down on the way to the airport, so we had to take a taxi; the talks between the two countries broke down because of some differences. break down 表示出故障、失败。 Their marriage broke up after 10 years, and they decided to live separately; the students broke up for the summer vacation. break up 表示破裂、解散。 A fire broke out in the building last night, and the firefighters arrived quickly; a war broke out between the two countries in 1990. break out 表示爆发。 Someone broke in last night and stole a lot of money; he broke in without knocking at the door. break in 表示闯入、打断。 · get 短语 get up、get on、get off、get along、get over He usually gets up at 6:30 a.m., and he gets on the bus at 7:10 a.m. get up 表示起床，get on 表示上车。 She got off the train at the station, and she got along well with her new classmates. get off 表示下车，get along well with 表示与…… 相处融洽。 He got over his illness after a month of treatment, and he got back to work. get over 表示克服、恢复，get back 表示回到。 They got together to celebrate Christmas, and they got ready for the new year. get together 表示聚集，get ready for 表示为…… 做准备。 · take 短语 take up、take off、take on、take over、take care of He took up painting as a hobby, and he took off his coat when he entered the room. take up 表示开始从事，take off 表示脱下、起飞。 The company took on more workers to finish the project, and it took over a small company last year. take on 表示雇佣、承担，take over 表示接管。 She took care of her sick mother, and she took part in the English competition. take care of 表示照顾，take part in 表示参加。 He took down the notes carefully, and he took away the books from the desk. take down 表示记下，take away 表示拿走。 · turn 短语 turn on、turn off、turn up、turn down、turn out She turned on the light when it got dark, and she turned off the TV before going to bed. turn on 表示打开，turn off 表示关。 He turned up the radio to listen to the news, and she turned down his invitation to the party. turn up 表示调大，turn down 表示调小、拒绝。 The party turned out to be a great success, and he turned into a kind man after the experience. turn out表示结果是，turn into 表示变成。 They turned to the teacher for help, and the road turned left at the corner. turn to 表示求助于，turn left 表示向左转。 例题Please ______ the lights when you leave the room to save energy. 【变式训练】She decided to ______ smoking for the sake of her health. 一、单句语法填空（注意动词时态语态与非谓语动词） 1. Don’t worry. I can ________ (defence) myself from my enemies. 2. This book ________ (sell) well in our province. 3. Being exposed to English frequently ________ (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language. 4. Little ________(do) I think that I would pursue fashion design as my job and qualify as a fashion designer eventually. 5. A “hat trick”________(occur) in football when a player scores three goals in a single game. 6. Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll ________(fright) the customers away. 7. China is a developing country that ________(belong) to the Third World. 8. The boy can (memory) the data easily. 9. Some students agree to hold a party for Christmas, but others (agree) because it’s not a Chinese traditional festival. 10. I made my decision. Nothing will make me (change) my mind. 11. Don’t let yourself (pressure) into making a hasty decision. 12. This can (deep) their knowledge about the history of the moon and the solar system. 13. I had to make important decisions that would (effect) me for the rest of my life. 14. The coal miners should have their lungs  (examine) regularly to ensure their health. 15. The foreigner tried to make himself (understand), but failed. 16. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able (select) the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. 17. But Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him (put) his hand in cold water. 18. The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 19. China’s deadliest earthquake in recent years ((be)a 7.9 magnitude quake in 2008 that killed nearly 90, 000 people in Sichuan. 20. He is the only one of the boys who (have) helped me. 二、语法填空 China’s Space Dream: From Earth to the Stars​​ China’s space program 1. ________ (achieve) remarkable success in the past few years. The Chang'e-6 mission, which 2. ________ (return) to Earth with samples from the far side of the moon not long ago, is a perfect example. The journey of exploration 3. ________ (begin) decades ago. Back then, a team of scientists 4. ________ (work) in extremely difficult conditions with limited resources. They 5. ________ (determine) to make a difference, and they did. Currently, a new crew of astronauts 6. ________ (train) for the next manned mission. They 7. ________ (expect) to conduct more complex experiments on the space station. Before 8. ________ (send) into space, they must go through countless simulations. Looking ahead, China 9. ________ (build) a lunar research station in the future. This grand dream 10. ________ (realize) through the efforts of every dedicated scientist and engineer. 三、真题演练 1.（2025全国高考I卷）“The players’ personalities ________ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture（姿态） of respect for the other side. ” 2.（2025全国高考Ⅱ卷）I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent（香味）” of freshly sunned clothes ________ (be) one of them. 3.（2025全国高考Ⅱ卷）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 4.（2025 1月浙江首考） The concept ________(be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. 5.（2025 1月浙江首考）By the time you brushed your teeth, you ________(make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ________(achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $