Unit 8 Detective stories 定语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语牛津译林版九年级上册

Unit 8 Detective stories 核心语法精练（定语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单词拼写 2 二、完成句子 5 三、单项选择 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语法选择 10 题型二 语法填空 12 分类 引导词 例句 　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。根据关系词在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词（that，which，who，whom， whose）和关系副词（when指代时间，where指代地点，why指代原因）。 定语从句结构：先行词＋关系词＋从句（其中使用关系代词时，先行词可以直接代入从句） 河南中考要求学生能辨认出关系代词who， which， that引导的定语从句并能理解句子即可。它们在从句中作主语时不可省略，作宾语时通常可省略。 1.关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 用法 例句 who/whom 指人，在从句中who作主语或宾语，whom作宾语 ①The foreigner who/that visited our school yesterday is from Canada. ②The boy （who/whom/that） we met is Li Ming’s brother. ③The person to whom you just spoke is Mr. Li. which 指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语 ①The book which/that is on the table is mine. ②The fish （which/that） we bought were not fresh. that 既可指人又可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等 ①A plane is a machine that/which can fly. ②Everything （that） you learn becomes a part of you and changes you. ③That’s the man （that/who/whom） you are looking for. 2.关系代词只能用that的几种情况（不要求掌握） 特殊情况 例句 当先行词为all，much，little，few，something，anything，everything，none，nothing等不定代词时 I did nothing that might hurt you. 我没做过可能伤害你的事。 当先行词被the only，the same，the very，the last或few， little， much， no， some， any等词修饰时 Shopping is the only thing that interests her. 购物是唯一让她感兴趣的事情。 Please send us any information that you have about the subject. 有关这个专题的任何资料都请寄给我们。 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的电影。 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the boy that is reading in the sun？ 正在阳光下看书的那个男孩是谁？ 当先行词既有人又有物时 She took photos of the things and people that she was interested in. 她把她感兴趣的人和物拍了下来。 3.关系代词只能用which的情况（不要求掌握） 特殊情况 例句 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且位于介词后时 I prefer TV shows from which I can learn a lot. 我更喜欢那些我可以从中学到很多东西的电视节目。 先行词是that，those时 Those which are on the desk are my books. 那些在桌子上的是我的书。 一、单词拼写 1．Last night a thief broke into the office and (偷) 2000 yuan. 【答案】stole 【详解】句意：昨晚一个小偷闯入办公室，偷走了2000元。根据空前的“a thief broke into the office and…”和提示含义“偷”可知，and并列两个相同的句子成分，时态为一般过去时，此处需填动词的过去式作谓语，“偷”对应的英文动词是“steal”，其过去式为“stole”，故填stole。 2．Food (安全) plays an important role in people’s health and life. 【答案】safety 【详解】句意：食品安全在人们的健康和生活中扮演着重要角色。根据“Food…plays an important role in people’s health and life”可知，这里需要一个表示“安全”且能与“Food”搭配作主语的名词，“安全”对应的英文名词是safety，为不可数名词，符合语境，指食品领域的安全问题。故填safety。 3．When you go out, you’d better not talk to (陌生人). 【答案】strangers 【详解】句意：当你在外时，你最好不要和陌生人说话。stranger“陌生人”，此处表示泛指，应用名词的复数形式。故填strangers。 4．After the earthquake, many people donated money and supplies to help the (受害者). 【答案】victims 【详解】句意：地震过后，许多人捐款捐物帮助受害者。结合语境，地震后的 “受害者” 通常指多个受影响的人，需用复数形式，“受害者” 对应的英文复数名词是 “victims”，该词符合 “人们帮助地震中受灾人群” 的场景，故填victims。 5．Although he was an honest (诚实的) boy, he didn’t want to tell me the (事实). 【答案】truth 【详解】句意：尽管他是个诚实的男孩，但他不想告诉我事实。根据“he didn’t want to tell me the...”及汉语提示可知，truth表示“事实”，符合语境。故填truth。 6．Don’t (仓促) into a decision. Let’s have a discussion on the plan together. 【答案】rush/hurry 【详解】句意：不要仓促做决定。我们一起讨论一下这个计划吧。根据汉语提示可知，rush/hurry“仓促”，为动词。本句为祈使句的否定形式，助动词Don’t后接动词原形。故填rush/hurry。 7．It turned out that he had more than one (敌人，仇人) in his company. 【答案】enemy 【详解】句意：结果证明在他的公司里，他不只有一个敌人。enemy“敌人”可数名词。more than one +名词单数。more than one enemy“不止一个敌人”。故填enemy。 8．There must be (在某处) to eat cheaply in this town. 【答案】somewhere 【详解】句意：在这个镇上一定有某个地方可以便宜地吃饭。根据中文提示，somewhere“在某处”符合题意，为副词。故填somewhere。 9．A (单个的) tree doesn’t make a forest. 【答案】single 【详解】句意：独木不成林。根据所给汉语提示，单个的：single，形容词，作定语修饰tree。A single tree doesn’t make a forest表示 “独木不成林”。故填single。 10．At about 0:30 a.m., when everybody was asleep, two burglars broke into the home of an old (夫妇). 【答案】couple 【详解】句意：大约在凌晨0:30，当大家都睡着的时候，两个小偷闯进了一对老夫妇的家。根据中文提示可知，此处应填入“夫妇”，英文为“couple”，根据空格前的冠词“an”可知，此处“couple”应用单数形式。故填couple。 11．Tom is sleepy all day. I s that he must have stayed up late last night. 【答案】(s)uppose 【详解】句意：汤姆一整天都很困。我想他昨晚肯定熬夜了。根据首字母提示及“Tom is sleepy all day. I…that he must have stayed up late last night.”可知，此处是指猜测，应用动词suppose表示“猜测”，时态为一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词应用原形。故填(s)uppose。 12．The big key is used for l the red door. 【答案】(l)ocking 【详解】句意：那把大钥匙是用来锁那扇红门的。根据“The big key is used for … the red door.”以及首字母提示可知，此处应表示钥匙是用来锁门的，lock“锁”，动词，be used for doing sth.“被用来做某事”，因此应用动名词形式locking。故填(l)ocking。 13．The old man has trouble b . We should take him to see a doctor. 【答案】(b)reathing 【详解】句意：这位老人呼吸困难。我们应该带他去看医生。根据“We should take him to see a doctor.”以及首字母可知，这个老人呼吸困难，breathe“呼吸”，动词；have trouble (in) doing“做某事有困难”。故填(b)reathing。 14．I g that he may be a doctor, but I’m not sure. 【答案】(g)uess 【详解】句意：我猜他可能是一名医生，但是我不确定。根据首字母提示以及“but I’m not sure.”可知，动词guess“猜测”符合语境，此处作谓语；再结合“but I’m not sure.”，题干使用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词用原形。故填(g)uess。 15．Would you mind s the door? It’s really cold outside. 【答案】(s)hutting 【详解】句意：你介意把门关上吗？外面真的很冷。由“It’s really cold outside”及首字母可知，此处指关门，shut“关”，mind doing sth.“介意做某事”。故填(s)hutting。 2、 完成句子 1．他的妈妈总是担心他的安全。 His mother is always his . 【答案】 worried about safety 【详解】对照中英文可知，缺少“担心”和“安全”。“担心”可以用形容词短语be worried about；“安全”位于形容词性物主代词“his”后，用不可数名词safety，作宾语。故填worried；about；safety。 2．卡拉更喜欢那种带给她思考的电影。 Carla prefers movies her something to think about. 【答案】 that/which give 【详解】句子是定语从句，先行词movies指物，用that或which引导定语从句，“带给”give，根据“prefers”可知用一般现在时，movies是复数，从句中谓语用动词原形。故填that/which；give。 3．今天早上，一个戴墨镜的男子闯入一家商店，拿走了所有的钱。 This morning, a man with dark glasses a shop and took away all the money. 【答案】broke into 【详解】break into“闯入”，根据This morning“今天早上”可知，时态是一般过去时，因此谓语动词break需用过去式“broke”。故填broke into。 4．成就属于那些坚持梦想的人。 Achievements belong to those to their dreams. 【答案】 who stick 【详解】分析句子成分可知，第一空为定语从句引导词，从句缺主语，先行词是those，所以用who引导定语从句；stick to“坚持”，由于先行词those是复数人称，句子时态为一般现在时，故谓语动词需用原形。故填who；stick。 5．对不起，我在赶时间。 I’m sorry. I’m . 【答案】in a rush/in a hurry 【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为 “赶时间”；in a rush/in a hurry “匆忙”，固定词组。故填in a rush/in a hurry。 6．眼神交流可以是交流的关键。 Eye be communication. 【答案】 contact can the key to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，名词短语eye contact表示“眼神交流；can be谓语部分“可以是”；the key to“……的关键”。故填contact；can；the；key；to。 7．犯罪嫌疑人坚持说他和盗窃案无关。 The suspect insisted that the theft. 【答案】he had nothing to do with 【详解】分析英文句子可知，insist后跟宾语从句，that作为引导词，主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去时，空格处意为“他和……无关”，从句主语是he“他”，have nothing to do with意为“与……无关”，have应用过去式had。故填he had nothing to do with。 8．那个正在帮忙做志愿工作的女孩子是我的好朋友。 The girl the voluntary work is my best friend. 【答案】 who/that is helping with 【详解】根据汉语意思和所给英文可知，所填内容为“正在帮忙做”，所填内容在句中作定语从句，指人，主语为the girl，所以第一个空填that或who；“帮忙做某事”用help with sth，根据“正在帮忙做”可知，定语从句的时态为现在进行时，其结构为be+doing，主语为单数，所以是is helping with。故填：who/ that；is；helping；with。 9．这就是我想买的书。 This is the book I . 【答案】 that/which want to buy 【详解】根据题干可知book是先行词，指物，可以用that或which引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语；want to buy表示“想买”。故填that/which；want；to；buy。 10．他总是三思而行，从不匆忙行事。 He always and never does anything . 【答案】 thinks twice in a hurry 【详解】根据题干可知，需要翻译“三思而行”和“匆忙”，且由does可知句子是一般现在时。“三思而行”think twice，主语he是三单，动词用三单形式thinks；“匆忙”in a hurry，介词短语作状语。故填thinks twice；in a hurry。 3、 单项选择 1．The famous scientist wrote an important book ________ has helped millions of students understand the universe. A．who B．what C．which D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位著名的科学家写了一本重要的书，帮助数百万学生了解了宇宙。 考查定语从句引导词。who指人；what不引导定语从句；which指物；where指地点。根据“an important book...has helped…”可知，空格后为定语从句，修饰先行词“book”，且从句缺主语，需用关系代词which。故选C。 2．February 8 afternoon, at Harbin Asian Winter Games short track speed skating (短道速滑) men’s 500 m final, the Chinese team Lin Xiaojun won the gold medal, ________ is also the first gold medal won by the Chinese short track team in the Games. A．that B．what C．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：2月8日下午，在哈尔滨亚洲冬季运动会短道速滑男子500米决赛中，中国队的林孝埈获得金牌，这也是中国短道速滑队在本届比赛中获得的首枚金牌。 考查定语从句。that那个，不能引导非限制性定语从句；what什么，不能引导定语从句；which哪一个，可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。根据句子结构可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故选C。 3．Tommy said he was the only person ________ I could trust in this town. A．which B．that C．whose D．how 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤米说他是这个镇上我唯一能信任的人。 考查定语从句引导词。which引导定语从句时为关系代词，先行词为物；that引导定语从句时为关系代词，先行词为人或物；whose引导定语从句时，为关系副词，表所属关系；how怎样，表方式。分析句子结构可知，本句为定语从句，先行词person指人，且被the only修饰，关系词在句中作trust的宾语，故应用that引导定语从句。故选B。 4．The student ________ the teacher considers a genius failed the final exam. A．why B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那个被老师认为是天才的学生期末考试不及格。 考查定语从句。why关系副词，指原因，作状语；whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语；whose关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作定语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，先行词为“The student”，指人，且在从句中作宾语，所以应该用关系代词whom。故选B。 5．This is the place ________ he often mentioned, but I have no ________ about it. A．/; sense B．which; idea C．where; humour D．that; doubt 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是他经常提到的地方，但我对此一无所知。 考查定语从句和名词辨析。sense感觉；idea想法；humour幽默；doubt怀疑。根据“This is the place...he often mentioned”可知句子是定语从句，先行词是物，关系词在从句中作mentioned的宾语，用that/which引导定语从句，关系词也可省略；根据“I have no...about it”可知是不知道这个地方，have no idea“不知道”。故选B。 6．—Have you heard of the most beautiful place ________ he visited last winter? —Yes, it is the beautiful place in ________ Lu Xun was born. A．/, which B．that, that C．which, / 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你听说过他去年冬天参观过的最美丽的地方吗？——听说过，它是鲁迅出生的美丽地方。 考查定语从句关系词和介词的用法。第一空先行词为place，作visit的宾语，用that或which引导定语从句，也可省略that和which；第二空先行词place作地点状语，前面有介词in，用which引导定语从句。故选A。 7．He also invented tools ________ in use today. A．which remained B．that remains C．who remain D．that remain 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他还发明了至今仍在使用的工具。考查定语从句。根据“He also invented tools”可知，先行词为tools，复数名词。从句的谓语动词用动词原形。tools意为“工具”，因此关系代词用that。故选D。 8．The movie ________ we saw last night was very interesting. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们昨晚看的那部电影非常有趣。 考查定语从句。who谁，指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom谁，指人，在从句中作宾语；which哪一个，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose谁的，在从句中作定语，表所属关系。句中先行词是“The movie”，指物，关系代词在从句“we saw last night”中作动词“saw”的宾语，因此需用指物的关系代词which。故选C。 9．The house __________ you talked about just now is far from my school. A．who B．which C．what D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你刚才谈论的那所房子离我的学校很远。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。who谁，指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which哪一个，指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what什么，不能引导定语从句；where哪里，指代地点，在从句中作状语。根据“The house…you talked about just now”可知，先行词the house指物，且关系词在从句中作talked about的宾语，which符合语境。故选B。 10．Do you know anyone __________ knows about the history of Qing Dynasty? A．who B．which C．/ D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你认识了解清朝历史的人吗？考查定语从句的关系词选择。who谁，关系代词，指人；which哪个，关系代词，指物；/不填；whose谁的，关系代词，表所属。根据“anyone...knows about the history of Qing Dynasty”以及选项可知，应用关系代词who，引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词“anyone”，指人，并在从句中作主语。故选A。 11．This is the book ________ I borrowed from the library yesterday. A．who B．where C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这就是我昨天从图书馆借的那本书。考查定语从句。who谁；where哪里；that那个；what什么。先行词是the book，为物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用that引导。故选C。 12．They are talking about the greatest inventions _________ have made a big difference to our daily life. A．which B．who C．why D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他们正在讨论那些对我们日常生活产生了重大影响的最伟大发明。 考查定语从句。根据“the greatest inventions ... have made a big difference to our daily life”可知，先行词是“inventions”（物），且被形容词最高级“greatest”修饰，关系代词用“that”，在从句中作主语。故选D。 13．The thought of going back home was ______ kept him happy while he was working abroad. A．all that B．all C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当他在国外工作时，一想到要回家，他就能感到无比快乐。考查定语从句。was后的表语是不定代词all，表示“所有……的事”，“kept him happy”这是一个定语从句，先行词是all，关系词只能用that，故选A。 14．Without the keys, the manager had to wait in front of the office __________ was locked ten minutes ago. A．who B．which C．/ D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：由于没有钥匙，经理不得不在十分钟前锁上的办公室门口等着。 考查定语从句。who在定语从句中作主语或宾语，修饰人；which在定语从句中作主语或宾语，修饰物；/不填；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。先行词“the office”为事物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which或that指代，且主语位置不可省略。故选B。 15．—I have some problems, but I don’t know ________ I can discuss them with. —Well, I think you can talk to your family or teachers. A．when B．whom C．how D．why 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我有一些问题，但我不知道可以和谁讨论这些问题。——嗯，我认为你可以和你的家人或老师谈谈。考查宾语从句的连接词辨析。when什么时候，用于询问时间；whom谁，是who的宾格形式，在从句中作宾语（指人）；how如何，用于询问方式；why为什么，用于询问原因。根据答句“you can talk to your family or teachers”可知，问句强调的是“和谁讨论”，连接词需指代人且在从句中作宾语。whom符合句意。故选B。 16．The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan ________ father was too sick to fight as a soldier. A．who B．whose C．that D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这本书讲述了一个叫木兰的女孩的故事，她的父亲病得太重，不能当兵打仗。 考查定语从句。根据“The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan...father was too sick to fight as a soldier.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是“a girl”，指人，且在从句中作定语，修饰名词“father”，所以用whose引导定语从句。故选B。 17．—Harbin is a city with cold weather and warm people in ________ you can enjoy the most beautiful scenery of ice and snow. —It has been one of the most popular cities since last year. A．that B．who C．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——哈尔滨是一个气候寒冷、人民温暖的城市，在这里你可以欣赏到最美丽的冰雪风光。——自去年以来，它一直是最受欢迎的城市之一。考查定语从句引导词。that那个；who谁；which哪个。空处位于定语从句中，修饰先行词city，先行词为物，且前面有介词in，此时需要使用关系代词which，构成in which引导的定语从句，相当于where。故选C。 18．The book ________ you are talking about is written in everyday English. A．who B．that C．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你们正在谈论的这本书是用日常英语写的。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“you are talking about”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the book”。先行词“the book”是物，且关系代词在从句中作“about”的宾语，因此应选用指物的关系代词“that”。故选B。 19．I’ll never forget the lesson ______ I learned last year. A．that B．who C．what D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记去年学到的教训。 考查定语从句。that引导定语从句时，可在从句中作主语或宾语，指代人或物；who引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语或宾语，指代人；what不能引导定语从句；whom引导定语从句时，在从句中作宾语，指代人。根据“…I learned last year”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the lesson”，且从句中缺少宾语，所以应用关系代词that引导该定语从句。故选A。 20．I have found some pictures of the most beautiful places ________ you can visit during the winter holidays. A．that B．which C．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我找到了一些在寒假期间你可以参观的最美丽地方的图片。 考查定语从句引导词。句子主干是：“I have found some pictures of the most beautiful places”，空格后的“you can visit during the winter holidays”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“places”。“what”不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句，由“the most beautiful places”可知，当先行词被最高级修饰时，关系代词通常用“that”引导定语从句。故选A。 21．Mr. Smith has just given us a speech ________ was about developing reading skills. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：史密斯先生刚刚给我们做了一个关于培养阅读技巧的演讲。 考查定语从句。which哪一个，指代物；what什么，不引导定语从句；whom谁，宾格，指代人；who谁，主格，指代人。先行词speech指物，因此选择关系代词which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代speech。故选A。 22．I still remember the college and the teachers ________ I visited in London years ago. A．that B．where C．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我仍然记得多年前在伦敦拜访过的大学和老师们。 考查定语从句关系词。“... I visited in London years ago”为定语从句，先行词是“the college and the teachers”，既有人又有物，在定语从句中作“visited”的宾语，故用that引导定语从句。故选A。 23．—Who is the hero in your mind? —Huang Danian. He is a scientist _________ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探). A．where B．which C．who D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你心目中的英雄是谁？——黄大年。他是一位帮助中国在深海勘探领域取得巨大进步的科学家。考查定语从句关系词。where引导定语从句，指地点；which引导定语从句，指物；who引导定语从句，指人；what不能引导定语从句。空处到“exploration”位于名词“scientist”后，此句为定语从句。先行词为“a scientist”，指人，且从句中缺少主语，用who引导定语从句。故选C。 24．Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story _________ I have ever read. A．who B．where C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《愚公移山》是我曾读过的最好的故事。 考查定语从句。根据“Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story …I have ever read.”可知，先行词“story”被最高级“the best”修饰，且关系词代替先行词，在从句中作宾语，关系代词只能用that。故选C。 25．Chengdu is a city in China ________ has two airports because of the opening of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport. A．where B．who C．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由于成都天府国际机场的开放，成都是中国一个有两个机场的城市。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是a city，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选C。 题型一 语法选择 Many people catch a cold in the springtime or fall. It makes us wonder…if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can't they find a cure for the 1 cold? The answer is easy. There are hundreds of kinds of cold viruses（病毒）out there. You 2 know which one you will get, so there isn't a cure for each one. When a virus 3 your body, your body works hard to fight against it. Blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion（拥堵）with it, so you can't 4 well. But your body is actually “eating" the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever  but the 5 of your body is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop the virus from getting into your cells（细菌）. You may feel very uncomfortable, but actually your 6 body is doing everything it can to kill the cold. Different people have different remedies（疗法）for colds. In China and some other countries, 7 people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people take hot bath and drink warm water. Other people take medicine to stop the fever, congestion, and runny nose. There is one 8 thing to notice — some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you 9 because your body doesn't have a way to fight it and kill it. Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. There is a 10 , however, on taking medicine when you have a cold. It goes like this: If it takes about one week to get over a cold if you don't take medicine, but only seven days to get over a cold if you take medicine. 1．A．awful B．serious C．common D．sudden 2．A．sometimes B．almost C．usually D．never 3．A．attacks B．catches C．control D．covers 4．A．speak B．breathe C．relax D．move 5．A．heat B．blood C．energy D．pain 6．A．active B．helpful C．energetic D．wonderful 7．A．by the way B．for example C．as usual D．from then on 8．A．interesting B．harmful C．basic D．practical 9．A．sooner B．later C．longer D．shorter 10．A．story B．saying C．lie D．joke 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 【分析】文章是一篇说明文，主要介绍了感冒的症状和处理方法，并应该正确对待感冒。 1．句意：这使我们疑惑……如果科学家能把人送往月球，为什么就不能找出一个治疗普通感冒的方法呢？ awful可怕的；serious严重的；common普通的；sudden突然的。根据上文“send a man to the moon”和“Many people catch a cold in the springtime or fall”的比较可推断，和“把人送往月球”相比，为什么“治愈普通感冒”却这么难。故选C。 2．句意：你从不知道你感染了哪一种病毒，因此没有一个治疗每一种感冒病毒的方法。 sometimes有时；almost几乎；usually经常；never从不。根据上文“There are hundreds of kinds of cold viruses（病毒）out there.”和下文“so there isn't a cure for each one.”可知有数百种感冒病毒，如果不知道感染的是哪种病毒，就没有一个对症治疗感冒病毒的方法。结合选项可知要用never表示“从不”。故选D。 3．句意：当一种病毒攻击你的身体，你的身体会很努力地与之作斗争。 attacks攻击；catches抓住；control控制；covers覆盖。根据“your body works hard to fight against it.”可知身体与病毒作斗争，由此推断身体受到了病毒攻击。故选A。 4．句意：血液冲向你的鼻子，造成拥堵，因此你无法很好地呼吸。 speak讲话；breathe呼吸；relax放松；move移动。根据上文“Blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion（拥堵）with it”可知感冒时鼻塞，会引起呼吸不畅。故选B。 5．句意：你的体温升高，发烧了，但是身体的高温正在杀死病毒。 heat热，高温；blood血液；energy能量；pain疼痛。根据上文“Your temperature rises and you get a fewer”和转折词“but”，由此可推断发烧时，身体的高温在杀死病毒。故选A。 6．句意：你可能觉得不舒服，但事实上你奇妙的身体正在尽一切可能杀死感冒。 active活跃的；helpful有帮助的；energetic精力旺盛的；wonderful令人惊奇的。根据题干中“but actually your…body is doing everything it can to kill the cold.”可知身体在尽一切可能杀死感冒病毒，这是我们身体的奇妙之处。故选D。 7．句意：在中国和一些其他国家，举个例子，他们可能会喝鸡汤来缓解病痛。 by the way顺便说下；for example比如；as usual和平时一样；from then on从那时起。根据上文“Different people have different remedies（疗法）for colds. In China and some other countries”可知不同的人有不同的治疗方法，此处以“中国和其他一些国家”举例说明。故选B。 8．句意：有一件有意思的事情需要注意——有些科学家说感冒的时候吃药事实上对你不好。 interesting有趣的；harmful有害的；basic基础的；practical可行的。根据下文“some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you.”可知科学家的说法与常规认知相反，可推断这是有意思的事情。故选A。 9．句意：病毒在你体内待更久，因为你的身体没有对抗和杀死它的方法。 sooner更快地，更早地；later较晚地；longer比较久的；shorter比较短的。 根据下文“because your body doesn't have a way to fight it and kill it.”可知身体无法对抗或杀死病毒时，病毒会在体内待更久。故选C。 10．句意：然而，有一个关于感冒时吃药的玩笑。 story故事；saying谚语；lie谎言；joke玩笑。根据下文“It goes like this: If it takes about one week … you take medicine.”如果你不吃药，一周就能治好感冒，但吃药只需七天就能治好感冒。由此可知这是个玩笑话。故选D。 题型二 语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Meilun and Meihuan are twins. They 1 (be) born in America in 2013. They 2 (arrive) in Sichuan, China in November. Meilun is very lively, often jumping onto the roof and hanging upside down from a rail. Unlike her 3 (old) sister, Meihuan is much 4 (quiet). She likes to sit still and watch her new home. The two twins don’t seem to get used to the life now. They are 5 (experience) some culture shock in their new home. The transition(过渡) is 6 (difficulty) for the pandas. They don’t seem to care for new food and don’t understand our language. Luo Yunhong, a 7 (keep) at the panda reserve base, told the People’s Daily that the twins like American biscuits so much that they have to put some 8 (America) biscuits in the food they eat. They think it is a long time to help them break their 9 (eat) habit. The People’s Daily also reported that Meilun and Meihuan can’t understand Sichuan dialect, but they can understand some 10 (simply) English phrases such as “come here”. 【答案】 1．were 2．arrived 3．elder 4．quieter 5．experiencing 6．difficult 7．keeper 8．American 9．eating 10．simple 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲了双胞胎熊猫到中国四川后的过渡生活情况。 1．句意：他们于2013年出生在美国。根据“in 2013”可知，此空需要一个动词过去式，主语是they，结合英文提示，were符合句意。故填were。 2．句意：他们于11月抵达中国四川。根据“in November”可知，此空需要一个动词过去式，结合英文提示，arrived符合句意。故填arrived。 3．句意：不像她的姐姐，美奂安静多了。根据“sister”可知，应该是说不像她的姐姐，结合英文提示，elder符合句意。故填elder。 4．句意：不像她的姐姐，美奂安静多了。根据“is much”可知，此空需要一个形容词比较级，结合英文提示，quieter符合句意。故填quieter。 5．句意：他们在新家正经历着一些文化冲击。根据“are”可知，此空需要一个现在分词形式来构成现在进行时，结合英文提示，experiencing符合句意。故填experiencing。 6．句意：这种转变对熊猫来说是困难的。根据“is”可知，此空需要一个形容词作表语，结合英文提示，difficult符合句意。故填difficult。 7．句意：罗云红是熊猫保护基地的饲养员。根据“a”可知，此空需要一个名词单数形式，结合英文提示，keeper符合句意。故填keeper。 8．句意：这对双胞胎非常喜欢美国饼干，所以他们不得不在他们吃的食物里放一些美国饼干。根据“biscuits”可知，此空需要一个形容词作定语，结合英文提示，American符合句意。故填American。 9．句意：他们认为这需要很长的时间来帮助他们打破饮食习惯。根据“habit”和“eat”可知，打破饮食习惯，需要动名词作定语修饰，eating符合句意。故填eating。 10．句意：但他们能听懂一些简单的英语短语，比如“过来”。根据“English phrases”可知，此空需要一个形容词来修饰名词，结合英文提示，simple符合句意。故填simple。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Detective stories 核心语法精练（定语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单词拼写 2 二、完成句子 5 三、单项选择 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语法选择 10 题型二 语法填空 12 分类 引导词 例句 　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。根据关系词在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词（that，which，who，whom， whose）和关系副词（when指代时间，where指代地点，why指代原因）。 定语从句结构：先行词＋关系词＋从句（其中使用关系代词时，先行词可以直接代入从句） 河南中考要求学生能辨认出关系代词who， which， that引导的定语从句并能理解句子即可。它们在从句中作主语时不可省略，作宾语时通常可省略。 1.关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 用法 例句 who/whom 指人，在从句中who作主语或宾语，whom作宾语 ①The foreigner who/that visited our school yesterday is from Canada. ②The boy （who/whom/that） we met is Li Ming’s brother. ③The person to whom you just spoke is Mr. Li. which 指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语 ①The book which/that is on the table is mine. ②The fish （which/that） we bought were not fresh. that 既可指人又可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等 ①A plane is a machine that/which can fly. ②Everything （that） you learn becomes a part of you and changes you. ③That’s the man （that/who/whom） you are looking for. 2.关系代词只能用that的几种情况（不要求掌握） 特殊情况 例句 当先行词为all，much，little，few，something，anything，everything，none，nothing等不定代词时 I did nothing that might hurt you. 我没做过可能伤害你的事。 当先行词被the only，the same，the very，the last或few， little， much， no， some， any等词修饰时 Shopping is the only thing that interests her. 购物是唯一让她感兴趣的事情。 Please send us any information that you have about the subject. 有关这个专题的任何资料都请寄给我们。 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的电影。 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the boy that is reading in the sun？ 正在阳光下看书的那个男孩是谁？ 当先行词既有人又有物时 She took photos of the things and people that she was interested in. 她把她感兴趣的人和物拍了下来。 3.关系代词只能用which的情况（不要求掌握） 特殊情况 例句 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且位于介词后时 I prefer TV shows from which I can learn a lot. 我更喜欢那些我可以从中学到很多东西的电视节目。 先行词是that，those时 Those which are on the desk are my books. 那些在桌子上的是我的书。 一、单词拼写 1．Last night a thief broke into the office and (偷) 2000 yuan. 2．Food (安全) plays an important role in people’s health and life. 3．When you go out, you’d better not talk to (陌生人). 4．After the earthquake, many people donated money and supplies to help the (受害者). 5．Although he was an honest (诚实的) boy, he didn’t want to tell me the (事实). 6．Don’t (仓促) into a decision. Let’s have a discussion on the plan together. 7．It turned out that he had more than one (敌人，仇人) in his company. 8．There must be (在某处) to eat cheaply in this town. 9．A (单个的) tree doesn’t make a forest. 10．At about 0:30 a.m., when everybody was asleep, two burglars broke into the home of an old (夫妇). 11．Tom is sleepy all day. I s that he must have stayed up late last night. 12．The big key is used for l the red door. 13．The old man has trouble b . We should take him to see a doctor. 14．I g that he may be a doctor, but I’m not sure. 15．Would you mind s the door? It’s really cold outside. 2、 完成句子 1．他的妈妈总是担心他的安全。 His mother is always his . 2．卡拉更喜欢那种带给她思考的电影。 Carla prefers movies her something to think about. 3．今天早上，一个戴墨镜的男子闯入一家商店，拿走了所有的钱。 This morning, a man with dark glasses a shop and took away all the money. 4．成就属于那些坚持梦想的人。 Achievements belong to those to their dreams. 5．对不起，我在赶时间。 I’m sorry. I’m . 6．眼神交流可以是交流的关键。 Eye be communication. 7．犯罪嫌疑人坚持说他和盗窃案无关。 The suspect insisted that the theft. 8．那个正在帮忙做志愿工作的女孩子是我的好朋友。 The girl the voluntary work is my best friend. 9．这就是我想买的书。 This is the book I . 10．他总是三思而行，从不匆忙行事。 He always and never does anything . 3、 单项选择 1．The famous scientist wrote an important book ________ has helped millions of students understand the universe. A．who B．what C．which D．where 2．February 8 afternoon, at Harbin Asian Winter Games short track speed skating (短道速滑) men’s 500 m final, the Chinese team Lin Xiaojun won the gold medal, ________ is also the first gold medal won by the Chinese short track team in the Games. A．that B．what C．which 3．Tommy said he was the only person ________ I could trust in this town. A．which B．that C．whose D．how 4．The student ________ the teacher considers a genius failed the final exam. A．why B．whom C．whose D．which 5．This is the place ________ he often mentioned, but I have no ________ about it. A．/; sense B．which; idea C．where; humour D．that; doubt 6．—Have you heard of the most beautiful place ________ he visited last winter? —Yes, it is the beautiful place in ________ Lu Xun was born. A．/, which B．that, that C．which, / 7．He also invented tools ________ in use today. A．which remained B．that remains C．who remain D．that remain 8．The movie ________ we saw last night was very interesting. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 9．The house __________ you talked about just now is far from my school. A．who B．which C．what D．where 10．Do you know anyone __________ knows about the history of Qing Dynasty? A．who B．which C．/ D．whose 11．This is the book ________ I borrowed from the library yesterday. A．who B．where C．that D．what 12．They are talking about the greatest inventions _________ have made a big difference to our daily life. A．which B．who C．why D．that 13．The thought of going back home was ______ kept him happy while he was working abroad. A．all that B．all C．that D．which 14．Without the keys, the manager had to wait in front of the office __________ was locked ten minutes ago. A．who B．which C．/ D．whom 15．—I have some problems, but I don’t know ________ I can discuss them with. —Well, I think you can talk to your family or teachers. A．when B．whom C．how D．why 16．The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan ________ father was too sick to fight as a soldier. A．who B．whose C．that D．which 17．—Harbin is a city with cold weather and warm people in ________ you can enjoy the most beautiful scenery of ice and snow. —It has been one of the most popular cities since last year. A．that B．who C．which 18．The book ________ you are talking about is written in everyday English. A．who B．that C．when 19．I’ll never forget the lesson ______ I learned last year. A．that B．who C．what D．whom 20．I have found some pictures of the most beautiful places ________ you can visit during the winter holidays. A．that B．which C．what 21．Mr. Smith has just given us a speech ________ was about developing reading skills. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 22．I still remember the college and the teachers ________ I visited in London years ago. A．that B．where C．which 23．—Who is the hero in your mind? —Huang Danian. He is a scientist _________ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探). A．where B．which C．who D．what 24．Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story _________ I have ever read. A．who B．where C．that D．what 25．Chengdu is a city in China ________ has two airports because of the opening of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport. A．where B．who C．that 题型一 语法选择 Many people catch a cold in the springtime or fall. It makes us wonder…if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can't they find a cure for the 1 cold? The answer is easy. There are hundreds of kinds of cold viruses（病毒）out there. You 2 know which one you will get, so there isn't a cure for each one. When a virus 3 your body, your body works hard to fight against it. Blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion（拥堵）with it, so you can't 4 well. But your body is actually “eating" the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever  but the 5 of your body is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop the virus from getting into your cells（细菌）. You may feel very uncomfortable, but actually your 6 body is doing everything it can to kill the cold. Different people have different remedies（疗法）for colds. In China and some other countries, 7 people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people take hot bath and drink warm water. Other people take medicine to stop the fever, congestion, and runny nose. There is one 8 thing to notice — some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you 9 because your body doesn't have a way to fight it and kill it. Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. There is a 10 , however, on taking medicine when you have a cold. It goes like this: If it takes about one week to get over a cold if you don't take medicine, but only seven days to get over a cold if you take medicine. 1．A．awful B．serious C．common D．sudden 2．A．sometimes B．almost C．usually D．never 3．A．attacks B．catches C．control D．covers 4．A．speak B．breathe C．relax D．move 5．A．heat B．blood C．energy D．pain 6．A．active B．helpful C．energetic D．wonderful 7．A．by the way B．for example C．as usual D．from then on 8．A．interesting B．harmful C．basic D．practical 9．A．sooner B．later C．longer D．shorter 10．A．story B．saying C．lie D．joke 题型二 语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Meilun and Meihuan are twins. They 1 (be) born in America in 2013. They 2 (arrive) in Sichuan, China in November. Meilun is very lively, often jumping onto the roof and hanging upside down from a rail. Unlike her 3 (old) sister, Meihuan is much 4 (quiet). She likes to sit still and watch her new home. The two twins don’t seem to get used to the life now. They are 5 (experience) some culture shock in their new home. The transition(过渡) is 6 (difficulty) for the pandas. They don’t seem to care for new food and don’t understand our language. Luo Yunhong, a 7 (keep) at the panda reserve base, told the People’s Daily that the twins like American biscuits so much that they have to put some 8 (America) biscuits in the food they eat. They think it is a long time to help them break their 9 (eat) habit. The People’s Daily also reported that Meilun and Meihuan can’t understand Sichuan dialect, but they can understand some 10 (simply) English phrases such as “come here”. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $