技巧02 推理判断题的答题优化策略（全国通用）2026年高考英语阅读理解突破策略及押题

技巧02 推理判断题的答题优化策略 策略分析 高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的核心是要求考生基于原文细节信息，通过逻辑分析、归纳或推断，得出作者未直接陈述的隐含意义、观点态度或深层结论，而非简单提取原文内容。推理判断题答题的 “黄金三步骤”： （1）精准定位。快速圈定题干中的核心关键词，如人名、地名、数字、专有名词等具有强标识性的信息，利用这些 “定位锚点” 迅速锁定原文对应段落。对于抽象概念类关键词，需结合上下文进行语义联想，通过同义替换、近义表达等方式在文中定位相关表述。 （2）严格验证。每一个选项都必须在原文中找到确切的文字依据，任何缺乏原文支撑的主观猜测都应排除。比如，选项中出现的因果关系、比较关系等，必须与原文表述完全契合。警惕干扰项常见陷阱，如偷换概念（如将文中 “青少年群体” 偷换为 “年轻人群体”）、无中生有（选项内容在原文未提及）、过度夸大（对原文程度词进行不合理升级）。 （3）适度推导。推理过程要以原文内容为基础，严格遵循 “只推一步” 原则，避免过度解读。例如，原文提到 “某产品在一线城市销量显著提升”，只能推出该产品在一线城市受欢迎，而不能直接推断出在全国范围内畅销。注意保持推理结果与原文的范围一致性，既不随意扩大讨论范围（如将个别案例推广到普遍情况），也不缩小概念内涵（遗漏原文关键限定条件）。 答题突破技巧 一、细节关联推理法：立足具体信息，推导隐含意义 【操作技巧】 高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的破题关键在于构建 “定位 — 分析 — 排除” 的完整解题链条。首先，考生需依据题干中的关键词精准定位原文段落，快速锁定与题目相关的细节描述；其次，深度挖掘文本中的 “显性信息”，同时结合上下文的逻辑关系，包括因果、对比、例证等，提炼出隐含的深层含义；最后，针对选项中出现的无中生有、过度推断、偷换概念等干扰项，通过与原文信息的细致比对逐一排除，从而得出符合文本逻辑的正确结论。【阅读阅读】 The new technology allows farmers to monitor the water levels in their fields remotely. They can adjust the irrigation system according to the real-time data. This not only saves water but also increases the crop yield... What can we infer about the new technology? A. It is too expensive for most farmers. B. It is difficult to operate. C. It benefits farmers in multiple ways. D. It is only suitable for large-scale farms. 【技巧应用】 精准定位细节：在解答推理判断题时，首要步骤是回归原文，锁定关键信息。本题中，原文明确提及 “saves water”（节约用水）和 “increases the crop yield”（提高作物产量）两个核心优势，这为后续的推理判断奠定了坚实基础。通过精准定位细节，能够有效避免脱离文本进行主观臆断，确保答案的可靠性与准确性。 系统排除干扰：在分析选项时，需秉持严谨的态度，逐一甄别选项与原文的关联。A 选项讨论的产品价格，B 选项涉及的操作难度，以及 D 选项提及的适用规模，均未在原文中找到任何相关描述，属于典型的 “无中生有” 类干扰项。这类选项往往会利用考生的思维惯性或知识盲区，设置看似合理却与原文无关的内容。通过系统地排除此类干扰项，能够大幅缩小正确答案的范围，提高答题的正确率。 科学合理推导：当排除干扰项后，对于剩余选项需进行深入分析与合理推导。“节水” 意味着资源利用效率的提升，能够降低农业生产的成本与环境压力；“增产” 则直接体现了对农业生产效益的积极影响。这两个优势从不同维度展示了该事物的益处，共同指向 “多方面益处” 这一结论。因此，C 选项 “具有多方面益处” 不仅契合原文所提供的关键信息，更是基于文本内容进行的科学合理推导，是本题的正确答案。 二、态度词汇定位法：抓情感倾向词，判断观点立场 【操作技巧】 通过形容词、副词、情态动词等情感词，结合作者论述语气推断态度。在高考英语阅读理解中，作者往往不会直接表明自己的立场，而是通过情感色彩强烈的词汇和微妙的语气变化传递观点。例如，使用 "unfortunately""regrettably"等副词暗示负面态度；用"remarkably""significantly" 等副词凸显积极评价；"must""should"等情态动词常表达强烈主张，而"might""could" 则暗含不确定性。考生需结合上下文语境，分析这些词汇出现的频率和分布，判断作者对论述对象是支持、反对还是中立，从而精准把握文章深层意图。 【阅读语段】 The new policy has been controversial since it was announced. Some people believe it will bring economic opportunities, while others worry about environmental problems. As for me, I think the government should take more measures to balance economic development and environmental protection... What is the author's attitude towards the new policy? A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Neutral. D. Concerned. 【技巧应用】 精准识别态度关键词：在高考英语阅读理解中，作者的态度往往隐藏在具有主观倾向性的词汇和句式中。如文中出现的 “should take more measures”（应采取更多措施），这类情态动词 “should” 与动词短语的搭配，明确体现出作者对 “平衡发展” 问题的积极关注与迫切诉求。通过捕捉此类态度词，能够快速定位作者的核心观点倾向，为推理判断奠定基础。 科学排除干扰选项：在分析选项时，需遵循 “立足原文，谨慎推断” 的原则。选项 A（支持）与 B（反对）均属于极端化表述，在原文中找不到直接的语句支撑。高考英语命题中，作者的态度通常不会以绝对化的形式呈现，更多是通过委婉、客观的表述传递观点。因此，缺乏文本依据的极端选项可优先排除，有效缩小正确答案的范围。 深度推导作者立场：通过对文章整体内容的细致梳理可以发现，作者既强调了保障经济发展机会的重要性，同时也多次提及环境问题可能带来的潜在风险，展现出全面、辩证的思考视角。这种对不同方面的兼顾与权衡，反映出作者并非单纯支持或反对某一方，其核心诉求是希望通过政策优化来实现更好的发展，所以 “关切（Concerned）” 一词最能准确概括作者的态度，选项 D 为正确答案。 三、文体特征匹配法：依内容结构，推断文章出处 【操作技巧】 不同文体具有独特的文本特征与结构规律，通过精准识别这些特征，可快速定位文章来源，提升推理效率。例如，广告文本通常会在显著位置使用号召性语言，如 “立即抢购”“限时优惠” 等，并强调产品或服务的独特卖点；新闻报道则遵循倒金字塔结构，将最重要的新闻要素（何事、何人、何时、何地、为何、如何）前置，次要信息按重要程度依次排列；学术论文多采用 “引言 - 方法 - 结果 - 讨论” 的固定结构，且包含大量专业术语与参考文献标注。通过建立 “文体特征库”，将文本中的关键词、结构布局、语言风格与典型文体模板进行比对，即可实现来源的高效匹配。 【阅读语段】 Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of the book, represented in 300 artworks from global museums. It shows scenes of reading across eras—children learning, adults leisuring—and uses books as symbols of intellect or wealth... Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A book review. B. A travel guide. C. A news report. D. A product manual. 【技巧应用】 深度剖析文体特征：通过对文本的精读，可以发现语段围绕某本书的核心内容、学术价值、叙事风格等方面展开系统且专业的介绍，不仅包含了对书籍情节的梳理，还融入了对作者创作意图、写作手法的探讨，以及对书籍在所属领域中地位的评价，这些元素都高度契合 “书评” 作为书籍评论文章的核心特征。 精准排除错位选项： B 选项（旅游指南）：从文本内容来看，通篇没有任何关于旅游景点的介绍、路线规划、住宿推荐等旅游指南应有的核心信息，因此可以明确排除该选项。 C 选项（新闻）：新闻类文本通常具有明确的时间要素、具体事件的发生过程以及时效性等特点。但此语段中，既没有标注新闻事件发生的具体时间，也未呈现新闻事件的起因、经过、结果等关键要素，所以该选项不符合文本出处要求。 D 选项（产品手册）：产品手册的主要功能是对产品的使用方法、操作流程、注意事项等进行详细说明。然而，该文本并未涉及任何关于书籍作为 “产品” 的使用指导内容，因此 D 选项也可排除。 准确匹配出处：文本中对书籍内容的深入解读、对书籍价值的专业评价，以及对书籍整体风格的细致分析，都清晰地表明了该语段的主要目的是对书籍进行评论与推荐，这种特性直接指向 “书评” 这一文体，所以 A 选项（书评）为正确答案。 四、逻辑关系分析法：借连接词，推导句间隐含关联 【操作技巧】 通过转折（but/however）、因果（so/therefore）、让步（although/though）、对比（while/whereas）等逻辑连接词，精准定位文本中的关键信息节点。这些连接词如同文本脉络的 "导航标"，不仅能够揭示句间关系，更能帮助考生快速建立 "表面信息" 与 "深层逻辑" 的关联。以 2023 年全国甲卷阅读 C 篇为例，在 "The study showed promising results, but more research is needed." 这样的句子中，but 一词不仅形成语义转折，更隐含着 "当前成果存在局限性" 的深层推断，要求考生跳出字面含义，结合上下文构建完整的逻辑链条，进而得出合理的推理判断。 【阅读语段】 Traditional wisdom says 'the wisdom of crowds' relies on independent estimates. But a new study found that when crowds are divided into small discussion groups, their average estimates are more accurate than independent individuals'. What does the new study imply? A. Crowds are less reliable than expected. B. Discussion improves estimation accuracy. C. Independence is key to wise decisions. D. Small groups work better than large crowds. 【技巧应用】 精准捕捉转折信号：转折词在阅读理解中如同导航路标，能有效指引关键信息。以真题中出现的 “But” 为例，其作为典型的转折标志，明确传递出 “新研究推翻传统认知” 的重要信号。在英语文本中，诸如 “however” “nevertheless” “yet” 等词同样具有转折功能，考生需养成敏锐捕捉这些词汇的习惯，以便快速锁定文章核心观点的转折与变化。 深度剖析核心差异：面对复杂的学术观点表述，需具备精准提取核心差异的能力。此真题中，传统观点着重强调 “独立估算” 的重要性，而新研究则通过严谨的实验与论证，发现 “小组讨论后估算更准确” 这一颠覆性结论。在剖析过程中，可采用对比表格、思维导图等工具，将不同观点的关键要素罗列对比，帮助考生更清晰直观地把握差异，为后续推理判断奠定坚实基础。 高效排除干扰选项：干扰选项往往通过偷换概念、夸大事实、无中生有等方式设置陷阱。选项 A 中 “群体不可靠” 的表述与原文 “小组讨论后估算更准确” 形成明显矛盾，属于偷换概念；选项 C “独立估算才是关键” 只是对传统观点的复述，并非新研究的核心结论；选项 D “小组优于大群体” 在原文中并未涉及 “小组” 与 “大群体” 的规模对比，属于无中生有。通过逐一分析选项与原文的逻辑关系，精准排除干扰，推导得出 “讨论提升准确性” 这一正确结论，从而确定选项 B 为正确答案。 五、写作目的推导法：依文体功能，判断作者意图 【操作技巧】 不同文体的底层逻辑是破解推理判断题的关键钥匙。说明文以客观信息传递为核心，作者通过数据列举、对比分析、流程阐释等方式，系统呈现事物特征或现象原理，阅读时需关注信息的逻辑链条与专业术语，推理答案往往藏在对细节的精准概括与深层解读中；议论文以说服读者为目的，通过论点阐述、论据支撑、论证推进构建逻辑闭环，推理时需梳理观点与论据的呼应关系，答案常涉及对作者立场的精准提炼或论证意图的合理推测；记叙文则以故事叙述为载体，在情节发展、人物塑造中蕴含深层启示，读者需捕捉对话隐喻、环境描写等细节，从情感共鸣点切入，答案多为对故事折射出的人生哲理或社会现象的抽象概括。 【阅读语段】 This article introduces a self-repairing material. Scientists spent years on it and made breakthroughs. It has potential applications in aerospace and automotive industries... What is the purpose of this passage? A. To tell a story. B. To advertise a product. C. To report news. D. To introduce a material. 【技巧应用】 精准定位功能词，锁定文体方向：在题目文本中，“introduces a self-repairing material”（介绍一种自修复材料）这一表述明确指向了文本的核心功能。“introduces” 作为关键的功能动词，直接揭示了文本属于说明性文体。在高考英语阅读理解中，这类明确点明文体功能的词汇是重要的解题线索，考生可据此初步判断文章的类型与写作目的。 深入剖析内容结构，排除干扰选项：对相关语段进行细致分析，发现其内容主要围绕 “材料研发、突破、应用” 三个维度展开。从材料研发的背景与过程，到技术上实现的关键突破，再到实际应用场景的阐述，整体呈现出典型的说明文结构特征。通过与选项对比分析，A 选项 “叙事”，文中未出现明显的事件发展脉络与情节描写；B 选项 “推销”，没有对产品进行促销性的宣传或引导消费的表述；C 选项 “新闻时效性”，缺乏新闻报道中常见的时间要素与新近发生事件的特征。因此，通过对内容结构的深入分析，可有效排除这三个干扰选项。 匹配文本核心目的，确定正确答案：说明文的核心功能在于客观、系统地 “介绍事物”，使读者对特定对象有清晰、全面的认识。结合本题中对自修复材料的介绍，符合说明文的写作目的与特点。基于以上对功能词的定位、内容结构的分析，能够得出 D 选项为正确答案，这种解题思路有助于考生在高考英语阅读理解推理判断题中，更科学、准确地做出判断。 六、上下文呼应法：借指代 / 复现，破解隐含含义 【操作技巧】 通过代词（it/this/that）、原词复现、同义词替换、同根词转化等衔接手段，将文中看似零散的信息点紧密关联。代词指代可避免重复表述，增强行文连贯性，例如用 "it" 指代前文提及的实验结果，使读者快速建立信息联系；原词复现能强化关键概念，帮助读者把握核心内容；而同义词替换和同根词转化则在丰富表达的同时，隐性串联起同一主题的不同描述。通过这些衔接手段，不仅能理清段落内部的逻辑脉络，更能揭示段落间的内在联系，助力考生精准捕捉作者隐含的观点和意图。 【阅读语段】 Volunteers built community gardens in the neighborhood. At first, residents were hesitant. But after harvesting fresh vegetables together, they started organizing monthly workshops. This changed the neighborhood's atmosphere completely. What does “this” in the last sentence refer to? A. The building of gardens. B. Residents' initial hesitation. C. Joint harvesting and workshops. D. Fresh vegetables from the gardens. 【技巧应用】 精准定位指代链：在长难句分析中，指示代词 "this" 的指代对象往往是解题突破口。通过精读上下文可知，"this" 明确指向由 "after" 引导的时间状语从句所描述的事件，该事件作为因果链条的起点，后续推理需以此为核心展开。例如，当文本中出现 "After the community gardening project was launched, this changed the atmosphere completely" 时，"this" 指代的就是 "社区园艺项目启动" 这一事件，分析后续变化必须围绕此核心。 有效排除近距干扰：选项设置中常存在与原文高度相似但逻辑关系不符的干扰项。以本题为例，选项 A 中提到的 "建花园" 虽在原文出现，但它仅是整个事件的起始动作，属于时间上的前期行为。而题目设问聚焦于 "changed atmosphere"（氛围改变）的直接诱因，从因果逻辑判断，单纯的 "建花园" 动作与最终的氛围转变不存在直接因果关联，因此可果断将其排除，避免陷入近距干扰陷阱。 深度锁定呼应点：文本中 "harvesting together"（共同收割）和 "organizing workshops"（组织工作坊）等具体行为描述，不仅是简单的事件陈述，更是居民态度从疏离转向积极合作的关键证据。这些行为直接对应题干中对 "居民态度转变原因" 的设问，通过与选项 C 的内容形成精准匹配，结合上下文语境可清晰判断，正是这些互动行为促成了社区氛围的实质性改变，因此选项 C 为正确答案 。 七、选项特征排除法：依 “合理推断” 原则，筛除干扰项 【操作技巧】 干扰项常具 “过度推理、偷换概念、无中生有” 三大特征，需通过 “原文依据检验法” 精准排除。过度推理 指选项脱离原文合理范围，将可能结论夸大为必然结果，如原文仅描述现象，选项却直接给出因果定论；偷换概念 表现为替换关键词或曲解原文术语，如将 “部分学生” 偷换为 “全体学生”；无中生有 则是选项内容在原文中毫无依据。解题时需逐句对照选项与原文，确认每个关键信息均能在文中找到明确支撑，若存在逻辑断层或信息偏差，即可判定为干扰项。 【阅读语段】 Research shows strict-sounding teachers are less effective at inspiring teens. 10-16-year-olds were more likely to rebel, and their well-being suffered when facing controlling voices. What can we conclude from the research? A. Kind teachers are the most popular among teens. B. Strict teachers harm students' mental health. C. Teens prefer group learning to individual study. D. Teacher's tone affects student behavior. 【技巧应用】 分析选项特征： 在高考英语阅读理解推理判断题中，对选项进行细致分析是避免掉入出题陷阱的关键。以下以一道典型真题为例，深入剖析各选项的问题所在： A 选项（最受欢迎）：该选项中出现的 “popular” 一词在原文中完全没有任何线索或依据，属于典型的 “过度推理” 错误类型。考生容易因主观臆断，在没有原文支撑的情况下，过度解读文本含义，从而误选此类选项。 B 选项（伤害心理健康）：虽然选项中 “well-being suffered” 看似与 “mental health harm” 语义相近，但在英语语境中，“well-being” 涵盖的范围更广，包含身体、心理、社会关系等多个方面的良好状态，“well-being suffered” 并不能直接等同于 “mental health harm”，这是出题者精心设置的 “偷换概念” 陷阱。 C 选项（偏好小组学习）：纵观全文，找不到任何与 “偏好小组学习” 相关的表述或暗示，此类选项属于毫无根据的 “无中生有” 类型，纯粹是干扰考生判断的无效选项。 验证合理项： 正确答案的选择需严格遵循 “立足原文、一步推断” 的原则。在本题中，原文提到 “strict-sounding voices”（严厉的语气），通过对文本语境的合理分析，可以自然推断出这种语气会导致 “rebel”（反抗行为）。D 选项正是基于这样的原文线索进行合理推断得出的，既没有过度引申，也没有偏离原文信息，因此是正确答案。 突破演练 1 As pressure grows to get artificial colors out of the U.S. food supply, the shift may well start at Abby Tampow’s laboratory desk. Tampow is part of the team at Sensient Technologies Corp., a top dye-maker (色素生产商), helping thousands of U. S. businesses change colors for products like cereals and sports drinks. Last week, U. S. health officials announced plans to persuade food companies to voluntarily remove petroleum-based (石油基的) artificial dyes by the end of 2026. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. called them “poisonous compounds” that endanger children’s health and development, citing limited evidence of potential health risks. But making the change from the petroleum-based dyes to colors taken from vegetables, fruits, flowers and even insects won’t be easy, fast, or cheap, said Monica Giusti, an Ohio State University food color expert. “If all companies were to remove artificial colors from their products, the supply of the natural alternatives would not be enough,” Giusti said. “It’s not like there’s 150 million pounds of beet juice sitting around waiting on the off chance the whole market may switch,” said Paul Manning, the company’s chief executive. Natural dyes are harder to make and use than artificial colors. They are less consistent in color, less stable and subject to changes related to acidity, heat, and light. Also, a natural color costs about 10 times more to make than the artificial version. In 2016, food giant General Mills removed artificial dyes from Trix cereal, switching to natural sources. But the cereal lost its neon colors and became less vibrant, resulting in consumers’ negative reaction. Trix fans said they missed the bright colors and familiar taste of the cereal. In 2017, the company switched back. Kennedy, the health secretary, said U. S. officials have an “understanding” with food companies to phase out artificial colors. Industry officials told The Associated Press that there is no formal agreement. However, several companies have said they plan to accelerate a shift to natural colors in some of their products. 1．What can be inferred about Abby Tampow’s work? A．She works to replace artificial colors. B．She develops a new artificial color. C．She markets cereals and sports drinks. D．She researches health risks of colors. 2．Why are health officials urging the removal of petroleum-based dyes? A．To lower the production costs. B．To prevent possible health risks. C．To promote natural alternatives. D．To push food companies’ reform. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Why natural dyes are hard to make. B．Which dyes are more popular. C．What limitations natural dyes have. D．How natural dyes are produced. 4．What can be learned about General Mills’ attempt? A．Health is a top concern in food companies. B．Color is a powerful driver of consumer behavior. C．Taste is the decisive factor in the food sales. D．Source is the priority in food color research. 2 Horses can not only synchronize (同步) their heartbeats to sense danger more effectively, but they can also synchronize with people, which can, in turn, help the human calm down. The Fox Moon Farm Project has been doing this equine therapy (马疗法) work with youths for years. After a career in the corporate world, Cindy Freishtat said she and her co-founder, Maria Flint, were both ready for a new chapter in their lives. “We reached a place where we wanted to be of service,” Freishtat said. “We wanted to give back.” Freishtat, whose father suffered from Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默症), wanted to see equine therapy’s results for people dealing with the disease. The Lakewood retirement Community in western Henrico County was a perfect match. Executive Director Heather Crumbaugh said she had been looking for an equine therapy organization willing to work with Alzheimer’s patients but that no other local place had felt equipped for it. Crumbaugh said, “The Fox Moon Farm was willing to take this step with us.” Interested in contributing to the worldwide development of Alzheimer’s treatment, the team at the Fox Moon brought psychology professor Maureen Matthews of Virginia Commonwealth University into the fold to conduct a scientific study on the program’s effects. Even in its early stages, the immediate results were significant. The participants were Lakewood residents with advanced Alzheimer’s. Several could no longer speak, and all needed repeated introductions to their surroundings at first. Within a few sessions, residents were able to remember the farm and the horses when they arrived. “I saw a lady who wasn’t willing to speak leading the horse, and she came over next to me and started talking, pointing out things like birds and flowers,” Crumbaugh said. Though the program took a break over the winter months, the study will resume this month. “I have no doubt in my mind that we are going to prove and show the effectiveness of working with horses in treating Alzheimer’s,” Freishtat said. “I want to help as many people with Alzheimer’s as I possibly can.” 1．Why did Cindy Freishtat and Maria Flint try the equine therapy on people with Alzheimer’s? A．They wanted to be helpful. B．They needed to change their careers. C．They used to benefit from it. D．They were required by a professor. 2．How did Crumbaugh probably feel about The Fox Moon Farm Project? A．Regretful. B．Threatened. C．Grateful. D．Annoyed. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The difficulty of choosing participants. B．The steps of the equine therapy. C．The simplicity of researchers’ work. D．The effects of the program. 4．What does the underlined word “resume” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Suspend. B．Continue. C．Quit. D．Start. 3 “A man does not know his true identity when he does not know the background of where he comes from.” says Paul Ninson, a Ghanaian photojournalist. Here in New York, thousands of miles from Ghana, he found numerous visual images of life in Africa, past and present, in the archives (档案室) of the city’s libraries, galleries and museums. This led to an idea: create a library of photobooks in Ghana to bring the African story home. Deeply influenced by his grandparents’ storytelling traditions, Ninson decided to pursue a career in photography. He left Ghana in 2019 to seek a formal education in photojournalism at the International Center of Photography (ICP) in New York City. There, he read the center’s hundreds of photobooks while in Ghana, he only had access to five or six of such books. As he ventured deeper into the city, he discovered more visual histories of Africa than he had experienced at home. This led to his idea to create a library in Africa that held such stories. With characteristic determination, Ninson began searching New York City for books to ship to Ghana. He searched secondhand stores, engaged in online bidding wars and reached out for publishers donations. He maxed out credit cards and filled his apartment with over 30,000 volumes. With help from a friend Brandon Stanton, a GoFundMe campaign raised $1.2 million, enabling shipment of the collection to Ghana. In December 2022, the local library Dikan Center opened near the Gulf of Guinea. It offers free public access to photobooks documenting Africa’s past and present. Beyond its collection, Dikan Center provides workshops, fellowships, and seminars on visual storytelling, empowering a new generation to reshape Africa’s narrative. Local artist Daniella Afful sees Dikan Center as transformative: “It has boosted art and photography, giving hope for preserving our history and making history.” 1．What inspired Ninson to build a photobook library? A．His interest in history books. B．His fancy of New York libraries. C．His ambition to make a fortune. D．His desire to bring Africa culture back home. 2．Why did Ninson go to New York in 2019? A．To raise money for a library building. B．To improve himself as a photographer. C．To seek his family roots and traditions. D．To collect books about African history. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Ninson was involved in a war. B．Ninson used his own money to pay for books. C．Brandon Stanton donated some books to him. D．African government arranged to ship the books back. 4．What can be inferred about the library from Daniella Afful’s words? A．It provides more job opportunities. B．It has transformed people’s hobbies. C．It is helpful to preserve local history. D．It is widely welcomed by the natives. 4 In early 2023, I embarked on a voyage to the Galápagos Islands. It was on Floreana Island’s windswept shore that I encountered a weathered whisky barrel — the legendary Post Office Bay mailbox. It was first used by sailors in 1793 to send mail back home: they would leave a letter and take any addressed to their next port of call to deliver them by hand. It’s still used by tourists. People will leave a letter and take one that they are able to hand-deliver to their next destination. The barrel was full with postcards waiting for delivery. I took a couple home and delivered them with delight: one to a teacher from her pupil, and another from a girl to her boyfriend. The recipients were incredibly grateful. Weeks later, I couldn’t stop thinking about the letters. Then I thought what if I spent a year delivering more letters from that postbox? I realised I could keep my remote job, and at the same time travel the world delivering post, using air miles-and working along the way. By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. I aimed to deliver one a week, covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents. I’m 52 and very outgoing, but I’m aware that nowadays people are cautious of speaking to one another. Delivery letter number 50, in Bergen, Norway, I almost got arrested. The lady who answered the door didn’t believe my story and mistook my selfie stick for a weapon, so she called the police. I had to show the officers my GPS location history to prove what I was doing, and we all ended up laughing together. My favourite delivery was letter eight, in Mexico City, from a daughter to her mother, thanking her for letting her follow her dreams. The mother had been very ill, and her daughter wanted to come home from her travels to look after her, but she insisted her daughter should continue with her trip. I’m still in touch with both of them. When I finished my challenge in March this year, I held a party in London and invited everyone I’d met along the way. People came from all over the world. I was so touched and humbled. I’ve made friends for life. 1．How was mail delivered at Post Office Bay in the 18th century? A．By regular local messengers. B．By sailors stationed on the islands. C．By private postal service on the islands. D．By hand-delivery to the next destination. 2．The author decided to return to Galapagos because she ________. A．was assigned to handle some remote work B．was concerned about the delivery of the letters C．intended to use her air miles before the deadline D．wanted to check the letters in the deserted barrel 3．Which words can best describe the author according to the passage? A．Positive and curious. B．Determined and caring. C．Passionate but serious. D．Brave but introverted. 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．New bonds grow out of the traditional practices. B．Letters hold magical power in the modern world. C．Each individual is the architect of their own success. D．Small acts of kindness bring huge emotional rewards. 5 For Cai Guoqiang, every time feels like the first time. His nerves still hurt, his mind still races before he lights the fuse (引线) and the gunpowder explodes. It’s an intensity that hasn’t lessened even after 40 years. That’s how long Cai’s been making art through the use of explosives. “The anxiety is part of my motivation to create artwork,” Cai says. And there’s high demand for Cai’s art, famous worldwide. In China, he led visual and special effects for the 2008 Summer and 2022 Winter Olympics’ ceremonies. He spent eight years in Japan as a young artist and now lives in New York. Each time he lights a match, he briefly returns to his childhood — when he first played with firecrackers innocently. It helped that his hometown, Quanzhou City, was one that was known for its collection of fireworks sellers. But that didn’t mean he immediately grasped their artistic potential. First, he tried firing them headlong into blank canvases, which “wasn’t very successful because the whole canvas would burn completely through,” says Cai. But art was in his DNA．His father was a small-time poet and brush-and-ink calligrapher; and his mother, though not an artist herself, was a temple-going and incense-burning woman whose spiritual beliefs influenced her son. In his youth, Cai says, he was “unconsciously exposed to the ties between fireworks and the fates of humans, from the Chinese practice of setting off firecrackers at a birth, a death and during a wedding.” He felt something in the mix of matter and energy — maybe a comparison between mind and matter, humans and the universe — in the hot center of an explosion. Soon, he found he could take gunpowder out of firecrackers and light it directly on canvas, making mysterious, messy black-and-brown pictures of space, nature and time. The explosive aspect of the gunpowder took on a symbolic meaning for Cai. “As a person, it’s fine to be careful and cautious, but as an artist, you may need to break free and let yourself go a little,” says the artist. 1．What’s Cai’s feeling after having worked as an explosives artist for decades? A．Proud and satisfied. B．Fresh and motivated. C．Anxious and insecure. D．Exhausted and indifferent. 2．What does the underlined word “headlong” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Delicately. B．Slowly. C．Carelessly. D．Skilfully. 3．Which of the following factors hasn’t contributed to Cai’s artistic creations? A．The upbringing of his father, who was also an artist. B．The high demand for innovative artists around the world. C．The influence of his temple-going and incense-burning mother. D．The fact that he grew up in a place famous for firecrackers. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．People should take their careers seriously. B．There are lots of things worth celebrating in one’s life. C．Our time on earth is limited and we should treasure it. D．Artists should free their mind to have innovation. 6 When Dink NeSmith heard that his friend Ralph Maxwell was shutting down his weekly newspaper, The Oglethorpe Echo, due to health issues, he was determined to save the nearly 150-year-old publication from disappearing. Both NeSmith and Maxwell are long-time residents of Oglethorpe County, located east of Athens. They have known each other for nearly five decades. NeSmith has also been contributing a column to The Oglethorpe Echo ever since he moved to Oglethorpe County. Maxwell’s father bought The Oglethorpe Echo in 1956, but its origins date back to 1874. It’s a record of everything from local weddings to significant legislative (立法的) changes. NeSmith looked up at the ceiling of the office, searching for an answer. Then, inspiration struck. He called Charles Davis, dean (院长) of the University of Georgia’s Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication. “I’ve got an idea,” NeSmith told him. “I want to turn The Oglethorpe Echo into a practical training ground for the future journalists at the Grady College.” Davis was enthusiastic about the idea, and they built a sustainable business model to ensure the newspaper’s future. They developed a cornerstone course (综合性课程) with The Oglethorpe Echo as its foundation. Students experience a working newsroom which acts as a stepping stone into their careers. Traditionally run by a single reporter, The Echo now benefited from a team of eager student journalists. Of course, they needed someone to run the newspaper. So Andy Johnston joined in. He was the adviser for The Red & Black from 2018 to 2021, and familiar with working with students and had an extensive journalism background. Most importantly, he believed in the project. He teams up with Amanda Bright, the course instructor, who has spent her career as a community journalist across various platforms, from mid-sized daily newspapers to digital startups. Together, they developed new digital strategies for The Oglethorpe Echo, including an email newsletter, four social media channels, and an updated website. 1．What has NeSmith ever done for The Oglethorpe Echo before the plan? A．He contributed regularly to a column. B．He developed a cornerstone course. C．He led a team of student journalists. D．He suggested new digital strategies. 2．What did NeSmith propose for The Oglethorpe Echo? A．A focus only on online news. B．A partnership with local businesses. C．A practical training platform for students. D．A weekly publication with more journalists. 3．What probably motivated Andy Johnston to join The Oglethorpe Echo? A．His belief in the potential of the project. B．His familiarity with student work. C．His connection to Oglethorpe County. D．His desire for promotion in journalism. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The history of The Oglethorpe Echo. B．Journalism education at Grady College. C．NeSmith’s friendship with Maxwell. D．The transformation of a local newspaper. 7 When we think about what makes humans unique, a good sense of humor is often high on the list. Laughter and playful teasing seem like traits only we possess. However, recent research suggests that animals — particularly great apes — may also engage in behavior that resembles humor. A study led by primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Isabelle Laumer at the Max Planck Institute reveals fascinating insights. “We documented young apes deliberately sneaking up to hit adults, then waiting expectantly for a reaction,” Laumer explains. “This isn’t random play — it meets all the criteria of intentional teasing.” Over 75 hours of video recordings showed this behavior mirrors how human children joke: repetitive, surprising, and aimed at seeking responses. The researchers noted that the apes even paused to watch for the adult’s reaction, much like a child waiting to see if their joke landed. But humor in animals may not be limited to apes. Dog owners often notice their pets making breathy, snorting sounds during play, which some scientists interpret as laughter. In a 2025 study, researchers found that playing these sounds to shelter dogs reduced their stress levels. Similarly, dolphins emit joyful sounds during play-fighting, elephants trumpet excitedly when playing, and some parrots tease other animals — like confusing dogs with whistles — just for fun. Why might animals exhibit humor? In humans, laughter strengthens social connections and eases tension. Scientists argue that playful teasing in apes or “laughter” in dogs could serve a similar purpose — breaking the ice and reinforcing relationships. Some researchers believe these behaviors may have evolved (进化) to help animals manage complex social ranks or reduce conflict. However, Laumer cautions that more research is needed to confirm this theory, as observing humor in animals remains challenging. While we may never know if animals understand punchlines, their behaviors hint at humor’s deep evolutionary roots. As Laumer reflects: “The line between human and animal laughter isn’t as sharp as we thought.” 1．What did Laumer’s study find about young apes? A．They enjoy teasing others. B．They often fight in groups. C．They seek adult protection. D．They learn from human kids. 2．What does the underlined word “trumpet” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Wag. B．Smile. C．Nod. D．Shout. 3．Why might animals show humor? A．To improve social status. B．To strengthen social bonds. C．To win in complex conflicts. D．To get much more pleasure. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Animal Social Behaviors B．Do Animals Copy Our Laughs? C．Animals Play Tricks Too D．Why Animals Understand Humor? 8 When Percy Lee has a bad day, he hangs out with his chinchilla, Rin. “She’s like emotional support for me,” says the 14-year-old. He’s not alone — whether holding a cat or petting a pup, people worldwide find comfort in relaxing with their pets. That animal affection may have benefits that go far beyond temporary mood boosts. Researchers have found that pets can reduce stress and enhance people’s immune (免疫) systems. Developmental psychologist Patricia Pendry’s research reveals that just 10 minutes of petting animals significantly lowers cortisol, the body’s stress hormone (荷尔蒙). “Rhythmic petting releases oxytocin — a hormone that helps calm the stress system,” she explains, noting even eye contact with dogs sets off this effect. Beyond mental health, early pet exposure boosts immunity. Mikael Knip’s 2020 study shows children growing up with pets exhibit dramatically lower health risks: 40% less asthma, 28% fewer allergies, and half the likelihood of developing type I diabetes. Animals themselves probably don’t help train our immune system. “The idea is that early exposure to a dog or a cat in the house leads to an increased exposure to ‘healthy’ microbes,” Knip explains. All kinds of microbes collect on an animal’s paws and fur while they’re outdoors. The animal then brings those microbes home, which exposes family members to the germs. Those exposures help train up kids’ immune systems. While owning pets offers these benefits, not everyone can have one. “If you can’t have a pet of your own, talk to your neighbors, family members or friends,” suggests Dr. Kerri Rodriguez, who studies animal-human bond. “Can you volunteer to walk their dog for them one day a week?” You could even visit a cat café now and then, or volunteer at an animal shelter. Interacting with animals can be beneficial, Rodriguez says. “But animals have feelings and emotions too. Remember to always respect an animal’s boundaries and personal space, just like you’d like to be treated.” 1．Why does the author mention Percy Lee in the first paragraph? A．To prove a theory. B．To define a concept. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide the background. 2．Why does early pet exposure improve immunity according to Knip? A．It helps cure asthma and allergies. B．It lowers the number of microbes in the house. C．It relieves children’s stress and pain. D．It enhances exposure to beneficial microbes. 3．What can be inferred from Kerri Rodriguez’s words? A．Volunteering can bring people closer. B．Animals should be treated considerately. C．Cat cafés are a good way to own a pet. D．Pets improve neighborhood relationships. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Pets: Health and Well-Being Boosters B．Pets: Children’s Illness fighters C．Pets: Human’s Emotional supporters D．Pets: Owners’ Helpful Companions 9 A new study published in Journal of Traditional Beverages found that daily moderate tea drinking can lower cortisol (皮质醇) by up to 18% and reduce work-related tiredness by 25% among office workers. The finding suggests that tea can be a simple yet effective way to relieve stress in fast-paced urban life. However, many city residents struggle to brew (冲泡) quality tea due to limited experience, which makes it difficult to fully enjoy these benefits. The key to brewing perfect tea consistently lies in smart tea-brewing systems. These systems are equipped with sensors that monitor water temperature, tea brewing time, and water volume, transmitting real-time data to a mobile app. Users receive instant alerts, such as “Water temperature is higher than the best range for green tea” or “Brewing time is sufficient,” making it easy even for beginners to master tea brewing. “Technology bridges the gap between busy urban life and the slow enjoyment of traditional tea,” explains Dr. Min Li, lead researcher of the study. One well-known system, TeaSmart, has gained popularity in 10 major cities since 2024. Compared with traditional brewing methods — where improper temperature often wastes 30% of tea leaves — TeaSmart delivers precise conditions, increasing tea leaf utilization (利用率) by 60%. User surveys indicate that 85% of TeaSmart users maintain the habit of daily tea drinking after six months, while only 40% of those using traditional teapots do so. Though smart systems simplify tea brewing, experts stress that patience and sensory experience remain vital. “Tea tasting is about observing the color of the tea soup and smelling its fragrance,” notes Dr. Li. “Even with technology, interacting with tea itself is part of the charm.” This combination of innovation and tradition makes tea drinking a rewarding routine for city residents. 1．Why do many city residents find it hard to brew quality tea? A．They lead a fast-paced life. B．They struggle to make a living. C．They are short of professional tools. D．They are inexperienced in brewing tea. 2．How do smart tea-brewing systems assist beginners? A．By promoting their tea brewing skills. B．By providing live data to a mobile app. C．By shortening the time of tea brewing. D．By adjusting water temperature in time. 3．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning TeaSmart? A．To improve tea leaf utilization. B．To keep the habit of drinking tea. C．To compare it with traditional brewing. D．To prove the advantages of smart systems. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Smart Brewing: Enhancing the Fragrance of Tea B．Smart Brewing: Replacing Traditional Tea Brewing C．Smart Brewing: Simplifying the Steps of Tea Brewing D．Smart Brewing: Bridging Urban Life and Tea Enjoyment 10 I would never describe myself as being a cynic (愤世嫉俗者), it’s a person who has negative opinions about other people and things people do. While I might be doubtful about our ability to unite and address significant challenges, that’s based on evidence. Who wouldn’t be concerned when considering the current events we face? That’s what I might have argued before I read Zaki’s new book, Hope for Cynics. Afterwards, I felt a sense of pity: I might be part of the problem. Zaki, a professor of psychology and the director of the Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab, presents a picture of cynicism’s hold on us. And its potential impacts on our future and personal well-being. In 2018, only 32% of the Americans surveyed said that “most people can be trusted”, compared with nearly 50% in 1972. During this process, cynicism has taken root as a response to many challenges. But, Zaki argues, it’s an own goal: expecting the most negative outcomes is self-harming. It weakens our connections with others and discourages us from tackling issues that matter. Say climate crisis. Expecting the most negative outcomes also harms our chances of finding happiness in the here and now. The popular belief that cynics are just smarter and more realistic isn’t necessarily justifiable. Zaki points out that cynics perform worse at cognitive (认知) tests and are less effective at identifying untrustworthy people and lies than non-cynics. “200,000 years ago, the people worrying about the dangers on the horizon probably did better than their friend relaxed by the sunset, but now being overly anxious can lead us to overestimate the chances of frightening but rare events,” he says. As a self-described “recovering cynic”, Zaki has made small but powerful changes in his own life. First, he has become more conscious of cynical thoughts, noticing when he is coming to “unnecessarily cold conclusions” and interrupting them with facts. Tellingly, Zaki has noticed that coming to the conclusions is most common when he’s sleep-lacking or stressed; cynicism is a kind of burnout. Zaki also practices what he calls “positive talk”: spreading word, within his circles, of acts of generosity or kindness. I think it is this “personal counter-programming” to cynicism. 1．Why did the author initially refuse to be labeled as a cynic? A．Her doubt made much sense. B．Her view was widely accepted. C．She disliked such type of person. D．She had great faith in her ability. 2．What may be the cause of cynicism? A．Burning desires for well-being. B．Decreased faith in each other. C．Constant emergence of challenges. D．Negative attitudes to the future. 3．Why is it bad for a person to expect the worst? A．It fuels ignorance of dangers. B．It goes against the popular belief. C．It discourages realistic thoughts. D．It does damage to our social bonds. 4．What does Zaki’s practice of overcoming cynicism suggest? A．Positive talk promotes kind acts. B．Action speaks louder than words. C．Minor yet impactful changes matter. D．High mental pressures relate to burnout. 11 I know people who say they don’t watch television, and I always nod and agree. Reading requires intelligence, and television is merely entertainment, right? I’m going to Scotland this year, and three different people told me I must watch “Outlander” before I go, which is like “Game of Thrones” for fans of romance novels. I watched the first four-hour-long episodes back to back. When I stood up from the couch I felt sick, and it wasn’t just the cookies, popcorn and peanut butter sandwiches I’d had without noticing. It was dark outside, and I felt ashamed. I had spent half a day on the couch. Research for Scotland? Not exactly. A few days later I had a library book due: The National Book Award winner The Friend, by Sigrid Nunez. I needed to finish it, so I read the last half straight through. I was absorbed in Nunez’s New York City, worrying about the heroin’s career and her future. I finished the book with tears in my eyes and stood up feeling, well, great. I had wasted another four hours on my couch. I hadn’t eaten as much junk food because I needed my hands free — and not sticky — so I could turn pages and return the book to the library relatively clean, but I hadn’t moved and once again it was dark outside. Why did I feel so much better and guilt-free? All the research says reading a book is good for you. It reduces stress, promotes comprehension and imagination, relieves depression, helps you sleep and may contribute to preventing Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症). The act of physically turning a page creates a momentary pause for understanding to sink in. Our brains have to work to translate the black squiggles (弯弯曲曲的线条) on the page into words and then interpret the meaning and intent (意图) of those words. When a character is described as tall with brown hair, a reader creates her own picture. TV takes all that imagination away. But there’s a lot of good TV now.  I’d like to say the answer to TV versus books must be, as Aristotle said, “Moderation in all things,” though he never had a television or a computer and had to read his scrolls by candlelight. I agree that too much television is bad for you. I know I feel better if I read, but it won’t stop me from watching too: My second DVD of “Outlander” has just arrived, and as soon as I get this essay done, the rest of my day is free. 1．By “I always nod and agree” (paragraph 1), the author implies that ______ . A．she doesn’t think highly of TV either B．she believes those who say they don’t watch TV C．she should be polite to get the conversation to go on D．she is not willing to admit that she watches television 2．The phrase “back to back” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “ ______ ”. A．from morning till night B．one after another without a break C．looking at the opposite direction D．leaning against the back of the couch 3．The author felt better after reading The Friend than watching “Outlander”, most probably because ______ . A．she didn’t feel hungry for any snacks B．the TV series got her to cancel her trip to Scotland C．the television series was no more attractive than the book D．she regarded reading as more rewarding than watching TV 4．What can be concluded from all the research introduced in paragraph 5? A．Reading is active while watching TV is passive. B．Reading involves physical exercises while watching TV doesn’t. C．Reading stimulates the brain to concentrate while watching TV doesn’t. D．Reading is good for one’s mental health while watching TV is bad for it. 12 In a world where our digital devices have become extensions of ourselves, it’s no surprise that we often immerse (沉浸) ourselves in screens rather than engage with the world and people around us. But amidst this digital deluge (涌现的事物), something vital is being lost: the art of genuine human connection. These devices offer a convenient escape from boredom or discomfort, allowing us to avoid awkward social situations or difficult emotions. Small talk often receives criticism for being empty or insignificant. Rarely does someone express a fondness for it, let alone find fulfillment in it. However, small talk matters a lot in social interactions. Think of it as the warm-up before a workout — it helps us ease into deeper conversations and establishes a foundation of trust and understanding. It lays the groundwork for assessing whether the exchange has the potential to cultivate a friendship or deeper connection. Even one-off exchanges with someone at the grocery store or at the bus stop offer opportunities for connection. But our aversion (厌恶) to small talk is significant. We may convince ourselves that we’re not good at it or that it’s unnecessary, but that’s simply an excuse. Yes, of course, social anxiety is real, but the only way to overcome the fears is through practice, gaining confidence by slowly taking risks, and actively engaging in conversations. So, how can we embrace small talk and harness its power? Start by paying attention to your surroundings and engaging with those around you. Whether it’s commenting on the weather or striking up a conversation about a shared experience, small talk provides an opportunity to connect with others on a basic level. Like any skill, small talk requires practice. Start small by initiating conversations with strangers or acquaintances and gradually work your way up to deeper connections. With each interaction, you’ll gain confidence and build the skills necessary for meaningful conversations. It may feel uncomfortable at first, but with practice, we can regain the richness of human interaction and cultivate relationships that truly nourish(滋养)the soul, build confidence, and reclaim the internal real estate that is overrun with anxious thoughts. 1．Why do people often prefer to engage with digital devices rather than the real world? A．They find it more convenient to do so. B．They are afraid of genuine relationships. C．They have little time to engage with others. D．They want to avoid face-to-face communication. 2．What does the author think of small talk? A．It is an unnecessary and hard skill. B．It takes a lot of meaningful time. C．It plays a crucial role in social interactions. D．It is difficult to master for most people. 3．What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Hold. B．Employ. C．Discover. D．Overlook. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How to Overcome Social Anxiety B．The Challenges of Modern Social Life C．Digital Devices and Human Connection D．The Power of Small Talk in Social Life 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 技巧02 推理判断题的答题优化策略 策略分析 高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的核心是要求考生基于原文细节信息，通过逻辑分析、归纳或推断，得出作者未直接陈述的隐含意义、观点态度或深层结论，而非简单提取原文内容。推理判断题答题的 “黄金三步骤”： （1）精准定位。快速圈定题干中的核心关键词，如人名、地名、数字、专有名词等具有强标识性的信息，利用这些 “定位锚点” 迅速锁定原文对应段落。对于抽象概念类关键词，需结合上下文进行语义联想，通过同义替换、近义表达等方式在文中定位相关表述。 （2）严格验证。每一个选项都必须在原文中找到确切的文字依据，任何缺乏原文支撑的主观猜测都应排除。比如，选项中出现的因果关系、比较关系等，必须与原文表述完全契合。警惕干扰项常见陷阱，如偷换概念（如将文中 “青少年群体” 偷换为 “年轻人群体”）、无中生有（选项内容在原文未提及）、过度夸大（对原文程度词进行不合理升级）。 （3）适度推导。推理过程要以原文内容为基础，严格遵循 “只推一步” 原则，避免过度解读。例如，原文提到 “某产品在一线城市销量显著提升”，只能推出该产品在一线城市受欢迎，而不能直接推断出在全国范围内畅销。注意保持推理结果与原文的范围一致性，既不随意扩大讨论范围（如将个别案例推广到普遍情况），也不缩小概念内涵（遗漏原文关键限定条件）。 答题突破技巧 一、细节关联推理法：立足具体信息，推导隐含意义 【操作技巧】 高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的破题关键在于构建 “定位 — 分析 — 排除” 的完整解题链条。首先，考生需依据题干中的关键词精准定位原文段落，快速锁定与题目相关的细节描述；其次，深度挖掘文本中的 “显性信息”，同时结合上下文的逻辑关系，包括因果、对比、例证等，提炼出隐含的深层含义；最后，针对选项中出现的无中生有、过度推断、偷换概念等干扰项，通过与原文信息的细致比对逐一排除，从而得出符合文本逻辑的正确结论。【阅读阅读】 The new technology allows farmers to monitor the water levels in their fields remotely. They can adjust the irrigation system according to the real-time data. This not only saves water but also increases the crop yield... What can we infer about the new technology? A. It is too expensive for most farmers. B. It is difficult to operate. C. It benefits farmers in multiple ways. D. It is only suitable for large-scale farms. 【技巧应用】 精准定位细节：在解答推理判断题时，首要步骤是回归原文，锁定关键信息。本题中，原文明确提及 “saves water”（节约用水）和 “increases the crop yield”（提高作物产量）两个核心优势，这为后续的推理判断奠定了坚实基础。通过精准定位细节，能够有效避免脱离文本进行主观臆断，确保答案的可靠性与准确性。 系统排除干扰：在分析选项时，需秉持严谨的态度，逐一甄别选项与原文的关联。A 选项讨论的产品价格，B 选项涉及的操作难度，以及 D 选项提及的适用规模，均未在原文中找到任何相关描述，属于典型的 “无中生有” 类干扰项。这类选项往往会利用考生的思维惯性或知识盲区，设置看似合理却与原文无关的内容。通过系统地排除此类干扰项，能够大幅缩小正确答案的范围，提高答题的正确率。 科学合理推导：当排除干扰项后，对于剩余选项需进行深入分析与合理推导。“节水” 意味着资源利用效率的提升，能够降低农业生产的成本与环境压力；“增产” 则直接体现了对农业生产效益的积极影响。这两个优势从不同维度展示了该事物的益处，共同指向 “多方面益处” 这一结论。因此，C 选项 “具有多方面益处” 不仅契合原文所提供的关键信息，更是基于文本内容进行的科学合理推导，是本题的正确答案。 二、态度词汇定位法：抓情感倾向词，判断观点立场 【操作技巧】 通过形容词、副词、情态动词等情感词，结合作者论述语气推断态度。在高考英语阅读理解中，作者往往不会直接表明自己的立场，而是通过情感色彩强烈的词汇和微妙的语气变化传递观点。例如，使用 "unfortunately""regrettably"等副词暗示负面态度；用"remarkably""significantly" 等副词凸显积极评价；"must""should"等情态动词常表达强烈主张，而"might""could" 则暗含不确定性。考生需结合上下文语境，分析这些词汇出现的频率和分布，判断作者对论述对象是支持、反对还是中立，从而精准把握文章深层意图。 【阅读语段】 The new policy has been controversial since it was announced. Some people believe it will bring economic opportunities, while others worry about environmental problems. As for me, I think the government should take more measures to balance economic development and environmental protection... What is the author's attitude towards the new policy? A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Neutral. D. Concerned. 【技巧应用】 精准识别态度关键词：在高考英语阅读理解中，作者的态度往往隐藏在具有主观倾向性的词汇和句式中。如文中出现的 “should take more measures”（应采取更多措施），这类情态动词 “should” 与动词短语的搭配，明确体现出作者对 “平衡发展” 问题的积极关注与迫切诉求。通过捕捉此类态度词，能够快速定位作者的核心观点倾向，为推理判断奠定基础。 科学排除干扰选项：在分析选项时，需遵循 “立足原文，谨慎推断” 的原则。选项 A（支持）与 B（反对）均属于极端化表述，在原文中找不到直接的语句支撑。高考英语命题中，作者的态度通常不会以绝对化的形式呈现，更多是通过委婉、客观的表述传递观点。因此，缺乏文本依据的极端选项可优先排除，有效缩小正确答案的范围。 深度推导作者立场：通过对文章整体内容的细致梳理可以发现，作者既强调了保障经济发展机会的重要性，同时也多次提及环境问题可能带来的潜在风险，展现出全面、辩证的思考视角。这种对不同方面的兼顾与权衡，反映出作者并非单纯支持或反对某一方，其核心诉求是希望通过政策优化来实现更好的发展，所以 “关切（Concerned）” 一词最能准确概括作者的态度，选项 D 为正确答案。 三、文体特征匹配法：依内容结构，推断文章出处 【操作技巧】 不同文体具有独特的文本特征与结构规律，通过精准识别这些特征，可快速定位文章来源，提升推理效率。例如，广告文本通常会在显著位置使用号召性语言，如 “立即抢购”“限时优惠” 等，并强调产品或服务的独特卖点；新闻报道则遵循倒金字塔结构，将最重要的新闻要素（何事、何人、何时、何地、为何、如何）前置，次要信息按重要程度依次排列；学术论文多采用 “引言 - 方法 - 结果 - 讨论” 的固定结构，且包含大量专业术语与参考文献标注。通过建立 “文体特征库”，将文本中的关键词、结构布局、语言风格与典型文体模板进行比对，即可实现来源的高效匹配。 【阅读语段】 Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of the book, represented in 300 artworks from global museums. It shows scenes of reading across eras—children learning, adults leisuring—and uses books as symbols of intellect or wealth... Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A book review. B. A travel guide. C. A news report. D. A product manual. 【技巧应用】 深度剖析文体特征：通过对文本的精读，可以发现语段围绕某本书的核心内容、学术价值、叙事风格等方面展开系统且专业的介绍，不仅包含了对书籍情节的梳理，还融入了对作者创作意图、写作手法的探讨，以及对书籍在所属领域中地位的评价，这些元素都高度契合 “书评” 作为书籍评论文章的核心特征。 精准排除错位选项： B 选项（旅游指南）：从文本内容来看，通篇没有任何关于旅游景点的介绍、路线规划、住宿推荐等旅游指南应有的核心信息，因此可以明确排除该选项。 C 选项（新闻）：新闻类文本通常具有明确的时间要素、具体事件的发生过程以及时效性等特点。但此语段中，既没有标注新闻事件发生的具体时间，也未呈现新闻事件的起因、经过、结果等关键要素，所以该选项不符合文本出处要求。 D 选项（产品手册）：产品手册的主要功能是对产品的使用方法、操作流程、注意事项等进行详细说明。然而，该文本并未涉及任何关于书籍作为 “产品” 的使用指导内容，因此 D 选项也可排除。 准确匹配出处：文本中对书籍内容的深入解读、对书籍价值的专业评价，以及对书籍整体风格的细致分析，都清晰地表明了该语段的主要目的是对书籍进行评论与推荐，这种特性直接指向 “书评” 这一文体，所以 A 选项（书评）为正确答案。 四、逻辑关系分析法：借连接词，推导句间隐含关联 【操作技巧】 通过转折（but/however）、因果（so/therefore）、让步（although/though）、对比（while/whereas）等逻辑连接词，精准定位文本中的关键信息节点。这些连接词如同文本脉络的 "导航标"，不仅能够揭示句间关系，更能帮助考生快速建立 "表面信息" 与 "深层逻辑" 的关联。以 2023 年全国甲卷阅读 C 篇为例，在 "The study showed promising results, but more research is needed." 这样的句子中，but 一词不仅形成语义转折，更隐含着 "当前成果存在局限性" 的深层推断，要求考生跳出字面含义，结合上下文构建完整的逻辑链条，进而得出合理的推理判断。 【阅读语段】 Traditional wisdom says 'the wisdom of crowds' relies on independent estimates. But a new study found that when crowds are divided into small discussion groups, their average estimates are more accurate than independent individuals'. What does the new study imply? A. Crowds are less reliable than expected. B. Discussion improves estimation accuracy. C. Independence is key to wise decisions. D. Small groups work better than large crowds. 【技巧应用】 精准捕捉转折信号：转折词在阅读理解中如同导航路标，能有效指引关键信息。以真题中出现的 “But” 为例，其作为典型的转折标志，明确传递出 “新研究推翻传统认知” 的重要信号。在英语文本中，诸如 “however” “nevertheless” “yet” 等词同样具有转折功能，考生需养成敏锐捕捉这些词汇的习惯，以便快速锁定文章核心观点的转折与变化。 深度剖析核心差异：面对复杂的学术观点表述，需具备精准提取核心差异的能力。此真题中，传统观点着重强调 “独立估算” 的重要性，而新研究则通过严谨的实验与论证，发现 “小组讨论后估算更准确” 这一颠覆性结论。在剖析过程中，可采用对比表格、思维导图等工具，将不同观点的关键要素罗列对比，帮助考生更清晰直观地把握差异，为后续推理判断奠定坚实基础。 高效排除干扰选项：干扰选项往往通过偷换概念、夸大事实、无中生有等方式设置陷阱。选项 A 中 “群体不可靠” 的表述与原文 “小组讨论后估算更准确” 形成明显矛盾，属于偷换概念；选项 C “独立估算才是关键” 只是对传统观点的复述，并非新研究的核心结论；选项 D “小组优于大群体” 在原文中并未涉及 “小组” 与 “大群体” 的规模对比，属于无中生有。通过逐一分析选项与原文的逻辑关系，精准排除干扰，推导得出 “讨论提升准确性” 这一正确结论，从而确定选项 B 为正确答案。 五、写作目的推导法：依文体功能，判断作者意图 【操作技巧】 不同文体的底层逻辑是破解推理判断题的关键钥匙。说明文以客观信息传递为核心，作者通过数据列举、对比分析、流程阐释等方式，系统呈现事物特征或现象原理，阅读时需关注信息的逻辑链条与专业术语，推理答案往往藏在对细节的精准概括与深层解读中；议论文以说服读者为目的，通过论点阐述、论据支撑、论证推进构建逻辑闭环，推理时需梳理观点与论据的呼应关系，答案常涉及对作者立场的精准提炼或论证意图的合理推测；记叙文则以故事叙述为载体，在情节发展、人物塑造中蕴含深层启示，读者需捕捉对话隐喻、环境描写等细节，从情感共鸣点切入，答案多为对故事折射出的人生哲理或社会现象的抽象概括。 【阅读语段】 This article introduces a self-repairing material. Scientists spent years on it and made breakthroughs. It has potential applications in aerospace and automotive industries... What is the purpose of this passage? A. To tell a story. B. To advertise a product. C. To report news. D. To introduce a material. 【技巧应用】 精准定位功能词，锁定文体方向：在题目文本中，“introduces a self-repairing material”（介绍一种自修复材料）这一表述明确指向了文本的核心功能。“introduces” 作为关键的功能动词，直接揭示了文本属于说明性文体。在高考英语阅读理解中，这类明确点明文体功能的词汇是重要的解题线索，考生可据此初步判断文章的类型与写作目的。 深入剖析内容结构，排除干扰选项：对相关语段进行细致分析，发现其内容主要围绕 “材料研发、突破、应用” 三个维度展开。从材料研发的背景与过程，到技术上实现的关键突破，再到实际应用场景的阐述，整体呈现出典型的说明文结构特征。通过与选项对比分析，A 选项 “叙事”，文中未出现明显的事件发展脉络与情节描写；B 选项 “推销”，没有对产品进行促销性的宣传或引导消费的表述；C 选项 “新闻时效性”，缺乏新闻报道中常见的时间要素与新近发生事件的特征。因此，通过对内容结构的深入分析，可有效排除这三个干扰选项。 匹配文本核心目的，确定正确答案：说明文的核心功能在于客观、系统地 “介绍事物”，使读者对特定对象有清晰、全面的认识。结合本题中对自修复材料的介绍，符合说明文的写作目的与特点。基于以上对功能词的定位、内容结构的分析，能够得出 D 选项为正确答案，这种解题思路有助于考生在高考英语阅读理解推理判断题中，更科学、准确地做出判断。 六、上下文呼应法：借指代 / 复现，破解隐含含义 【操作技巧】 通过代词（it/this/that）、原词复现、同义词替换、同根词转化等衔接手段，将文中看似零散的信息点紧密关联。代词指代可避免重复表述，增强行文连贯性，例如用 "it" 指代前文提及的实验结果，使读者快速建立信息联系；原词复现能强化关键概念，帮助读者把握核心内容；而同义词替换和同根词转化则在丰富表达的同时，隐性串联起同一主题的不同描述。通过这些衔接手段，不仅能理清段落内部的逻辑脉络，更能揭示段落间的内在联系，助力考生精准捕捉作者隐含的观点和意图。 【阅读语段】 Volunteers built community gardens in the neighborhood. At first, residents were hesitant. But after harvesting fresh vegetables together, they started organizing monthly workshops. This changed the neighborhood's atmosphere completely. What does “this” in the last sentence refer to? A. The building of gardens. B. Residents' initial hesitation. C. Joint harvesting and workshops. D. Fresh vegetables from the gardens. 【技巧应用】 精准定位指代链：在长难句分析中，指示代词 "this" 的指代对象往往是解题突破口。通过精读上下文可知，"this" 明确指向由 "after" 引导的时间状语从句所描述的事件，该事件作为因果链条的起点，后续推理需以此为核心展开。例如，当文本中出现 "After the community gardening project was launched, this changed the atmosphere completely" 时，"this" 指代的就是 "社区园艺项目启动" 这一事件，分析后续变化必须围绕此核心。 有效排除近距干扰：选项设置中常存在与原文高度相似但逻辑关系不符的干扰项。以本题为例，选项 A 中提到的 "建花园" 虽在原文出现，但它仅是整个事件的起始动作，属于时间上的前期行为。而题目设问聚焦于 "changed atmosphere"（氛围改变）的直接诱因，从因果逻辑判断，单纯的 "建花园" 动作与最终的氛围转变不存在直接因果关联，因此可果断将其排除，避免陷入近距干扰陷阱。 深度锁定呼应点：文本中 "harvesting together"（共同收割）和 "organizing workshops"（组织工作坊）等具体行为描述，不仅是简单的事件陈述，更是居民态度从疏离转向积极合作的关键证据。这些行为直接对应题干中对 "居民态度转变原因" 的设问，通过与选项 C 的内容形成精准匹配，结合上下文语境可清晰判断，正是这些互动行为促成了社区氛围的实质性改变，因此选项 C 为正确答案 。 七、选项特征排除法：依 “合理推断” 原则，筛除干扰项 【操作技巧】 干扰项常具 “过度推理、偷换概念、无中生有” 三大特征，需通过 “原文依据检验法” 精准排除。过度推理 指选项脱离原文合理范围，将可能结论夸大为必然结果，如原文仅描述现象，选项却直接给出因果定论；偷换概念 表现为替换关键词或曲解原文术语，如将 “部分学生” 偷换为 “全体学生”；无中生有 则是选项内容在原文中毫无依据。解题时需逐句对照选项与原文，确认每个关键信息均能在文中找到明确支撑，若存在逻辑断层或信息偏差，即可判定为干扰项。 【阅读语段】 Research shows strict-sounding teachers are less effective at inspiring teens. 10-16-year-olds were more likely to rebel, and their well-being suffered when facing controlling voices. What can we conclude from the research? A. Kind teachers are the most popular among teens. B. Strict teachers harm students' mental health. C. Teens prefer group learning to individual study. D. Teacher's tone affects student behavior. 【技巧应用】 分析选项特征： 在高考英语阅读理解推理判断题中，对选项进行细致分析是避免掉入出题陷阱的关键。以下以一道典型真题为例，深入剖析各选项的问题所在： A 选项（最受欢迎）：该选项中出现的 “popular” 一词在原文中完全没有任何线索或依据，属于典型的 “过度推理” 错误类型。考生容易因主观臆断，在没有原文支撑的情况下，过度解读文本含义，从而误选此类选项。 B 选项（伤害心理健康）：虽然选项中 “well-being suffered” 看似与 “mental health harm” 语义相近，但在英语语境中，“well-being” 涵盖的范围更广，包含身体、心理、社会关系等多个方面的良好状态，“well-being suffered” 并不能直接等同于 “mental health harm”，这是出题者精心设置的 “偷换概念” 陷阱。 C 选项（偏好小组学习）：纵观全文，找不到任何与 “偏好小组学习” 相关的表述或暗示，此类选项属于毫无根据的 “无中生有” 类型，纯粹是干扰考生判断的无效选项。 验证合理项： 正确答案的选择需严格遵循 “立足原文、一步推断” 的原则。在本题中，原文提到 “strict-sounding voices”（严厉的语气），通过对文本语境的合理分析，可以自然推断出这种语气会导致 “rebel”（反抗行为）。D 选项正是基于这样的原文线索进行合理推断得出的，既没有过度引申，也没有偏离原文信息，因此是正确答案。 突破演练 1 As pressure grows to get artificial colors out of the U.S. food supply, the shift may well start at Abby Tampow’s laboratory desk. Tampow is part of the team at Sensient Technologies Corp., a top dye-maker (色素生产商), helping thousands of U. S. businesses change colors for products like cereals and sports drinks. Last week, U. S. health officials announced plans to persuade food companies to voluntarily remove petroleum-based (石油基的) artificial dyes by the end of 2026. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. called them “poisonous compounds” that endanger children’s health and development, citing limited evidence of potential health risks. But making the change from the petroleum-based dyes to colors taken from vegetables, fruits, flowers and even insects won’t be easy, fast, or cheap, said Monica Giusti, an Ohio State University food color expert. “If all companies were to remove artificial colors from their products, the supply of the natural alternatives would not be enough,” Giusti said. “It’s not like there’s 150 million pounds of beet juice sitting around waiting on the off chance the whole market may switch,” said Paul Manning, the company’s chief executive. Natural dyes are harder to make and use than artificial colors. They are less consistent in color, less stable and subject to changes related to acidity, heat, and light. Also, a natural color costs about 10 times more to make than the artificial version. In 2016, food giant General Mills removed artificial dyes from Trix cereal, switching to natural sources. But the cereal lost its neon colors and became less vibrant, resulting in consumers’ negative reaction. Trix fans said they missed the bright colors and familiar taste of the cereal. In 2017, the company switched back. Kennedy, the health secretary, said U. S. officials have an “understanding” with food companies to phase out artificial colors. Industry officials told The Associated Press that there is no formal agreement. However, several companies have said they plan to accelerate a shift to natural colors in some of their products. 1．What can be inferred about Abby Tampow’s work? A．She works to replace artificial colors. B．She develops a new artificial color. C．She markets cereals and sports drinks. D．She researches health risks of colors. 2．Why are health officials urging the removal of petroleum-based dyes? A．To lower the production costs. B．To prevent possible health risks. C．To promote natural alternatives. D．To push food companies’ reform. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Why natural dyes are hard to make. B．Which dyes are more popular. C．What limitations natural dyes have. D．How natural dyes are produced. 4．What can be learned about General Mills’ attempt? A．Health is a top concern in food companies. B．Color is a powerful driver of consumer behavior. C．Taste is the decisive factor in the food sales. D．Source is the priority in food color research. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是美国推动食品行业用天然色素替代人工色素的背景、挑战及企业实践。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Tampow is part of the team at Sensient Technologies Corp., a top dyemaker（色素生产商），helping thousands of U. S. businesses change colors for products like cereals and sports drinks. (Tampow是Sensient Technologies Corp.(一家顶级色素生产商）团队的一员，帮助数千家美国企业为谷物和运动饮料等产品更换色素)”可知，她的工作是帮助企业更换色素，结合前文提到要去除人工色素，可推断她致力于用其他色素替代人工色素。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. called them “poisonous compounds” that endanger children’s health and development, citing limited evidence of potential health risks.(卫生部长小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪称它们为“有毒化合物”，危及儿童健康和发育，他提到了一些有关潜在健康风险的有限证据)”可知，卫生官员敦促去除石油基染料是为了防止可能的健康风险。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Natural dyes are harder to make and use than artificial colors. They are less consistent in color, less stable and subject to changes related to acidity, heat, and light. Also, a natural color costs about 10 times more to make than the artificial version.(天然染料比人工色素更难制作和使用。它们颜色一致性较差，稳定性较低，并且容易受到酸度、热量和光照变化的影响。此外，制作一种天然色素的成本大约是人工色素的10倍)”可知，第四段主要讲述了天然染料在制作、使用、颜色稳定性及成本等方面存在的局限性。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In 2016, food giant General Mills removed artificial dyes from Trix cereal, switching to natural sources. But the cereal lost its neon colors and became less vibrant, resulting in consumers’ negative reaction. Trix fans said they missed the bright colors and familiar taste of the cereal. In 2017, the company switched back.(2016年，食品巨头通用磨坊从Trix谷物中去除人工色素，改用天然色素。但这种谷物失去了鲜艳的颜色，变得不那么有活力，导致消费者产生负面反应。Trix的粉丝表示，他们怀念这种谷物明亮的颜色和熟悉的味道。2017年，该公司又换回了原来的色素)”可知，因为更换色素后颜色变化引发消费者负面反应，公司又换回，说明颜色对消费者行为有很大影响，是消费者行为的一个重要驱动因素。故选B项。 2 Horses can not only synchronize (同步) their heartbeats to sense danger more effectively, but they can also synchronize with people, which can, in turn, help the human calm down. The Fox Moon Farm Project has been doing this equine therapy (马疗法) work with youths for years. After a career in the corporate world, Cindy Freishtat said she and her co-founder, Maria Flint, were both ready for a new chapter in their lives. “We reached a place where we wanted to be of service,” Freishtat said. “We wanted to give back.” Freishtat, whose father suffered from Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默症), wanted to see equine therapy’s results for people dealing with the disease. The Lakewood retirement Community in western Henrico County was a perfect match. Executive Director Heather Crumbaugh said she had been looking for an equine therapy organization willing to work with Alzheimer’s patients but that no other local place had felt equipped for it. Crumbaugh said, “The Fox Moon Farm was willing to take this step with us.” Interested in contributing to the worldwide development of Alzheimer’s treatment, the team at the Fox Moon brought psychology professor Maureen Matthews of Virginia Commonwealth University into the fold to conduct a scientific study on the program’s effects. Even in its early stages, the immediate results were significant. The participants were Lakewood residents with advanced Alzheimer’s. Several could no longer speak, and all needed repeated introductions to their surroundings at first. Within a few sessions, residents were able to remember the farm and the horses when they arrived. “I saw a lady who wasn’t willing to speak leading the horse, and she came over next to me and started talking, pointing out things like birds and flowers,” Crumbaugh said. Though the program took a break over the winter months, the study will resume this month. “I have no doubt in my mind that we are going to prove and show the effectiveness of working with horses in treating Alzheimer’s,” Freishtat said. “I want to help as many people with Alzheimer’s as I possibly can.” 1．Why did Cindy Freishtat and Maria Flint try the equine therapy on people with Alzheimer’s? A．They wanted to be helpful. B．They needed to change their careers. C．They used to benefit from it. D．They were required by a professor. 2．How did Crumbaugh probably feel about The Fox Moon Farm Project? A．Regretful. B．Threatened. C．Grateful. D．Annoyed. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The difficulty of choosing participants. B．The steps of the equine therapy. C．The simplicity of researchers’ work. D．The effects of the program. 4．What does the underlined word “resume” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Suspend. B．Continue. C．Quit. D．Start. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了马疗法在治疗阿尔茨海默症方面的潜在效果。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“We reached a place where we wanted to be of service,” Freishtat said. “We wanted to give back. (Freishtat说：“我们到了一个想要为他人服务的境界，我们想要回馈社会。”)”可知，Cindy Freishtat和Maria Flint把马疗应用在患有阿尔茨海默症人的身上是为了帮助这些人。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Executive Director Heather Crumbaugh said she had been looking for an equine therapy organization willing to work with Alzheimer’s patients but that no other local place had felt equipped for it. Crumbaugh said, “The Fox Moon Farm was willing to take this step with us.” (执行董事Heather Crumbaugh表示，她一直在寻找一家愿意与阿尔茨海默氏症患者合作的马治疗组织，但当地没有其他地方感到有能力这样做。Crumbaugh说：“Fox Moon农场愿意和我们一起迈出这一步。”)”可知，在当地没有其他地方感到有能力这样做地前提下，Fox Moon农场愿意和他们一起开展马疗法项目，推测Crumbaugh会对Fox Moon农场心怀感激。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The participants were Lakewood residents with advanced Alzheimer’s. Several could no longer speak, and all needed repeated introductions to their surroundings at first. Within a few sessions, residents were able to remember the farm and the horses when they arrived. “I saw a lady who wasn’t willing to speak leading the horse, and she came over next to me and started talking, pointing out things like birds and flowers,” Crumbaugh said. (参与者是Lakewood患有晚期阿尔茨海默症的居民。有几个人已经不能说话了，一开始所有人都需要反复介绍周围的环境。经过几次治疗后，居民们一到就能记住农场和马了。Crumbaugh说：“我看到一位不愿说话的女士牵着马，她走到我身边，开始说话，指着鸟和花之类的东西。”)”可知，本段主要介绍了马疗法项目对阿尔茨海默症患者产生的积极效果，即该项目的效果。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Though the program took a break over the winter months, the study will resume this month. (虽然这个项目在冬季几个月里暂停了，但研究将于本月resume)”可知，项目冬季暂停了，结合will和this month可知，研究本月会接着进行，推测resume意思是“继续”，与Continue意义相近。故选B。 3 “A man does not know his true identity when he does not know the background of where he comes from.” says Paul Ninson, a Ghanaian photojournalist. Here in New York, thousands of miles from Ghana, he found numerous visual images of life in Africa, past and present, in the archives (档案室) of the city’s libraries, galleries and museums. This led to an idea: create a library of photobooks in Ghana to bring the African story home. Deeply influenced by his grandparents’ storytelling traditions, Ninson decided to pursue a career in photography. He left Ghana in 2019 to seek a formal education in photojournalism at the International Center of Photography (ICP) in New York City. There, he read the center’s hundreds of photobooks while in Ghana, he only had access to five or six of such books. As he ventured deeper into the city, he discovered more visual histories of Africa than he had experienced at home. This led to his idea to create a library in Africa that held such stories. With characteristic determination, Ninson began searching New York City for books to ship to Ghana. He searched secondhand stores, engaged in online bidding wars and reached out for publishers donations. He maxed out credit cards and filled his apartment with over 30,000 volumes. With help from a friend Brandon Stanton, a GoFundMe campaign raised $1.2 million, enabling shipment of the collection to Ghana. In December 2022, the local library Dikan Center opened near the Gulf of Guinea. It offers free public access to photobooks documenting Africa’s past and present. Beyond its collection, Dikan Center provides workshops, fellowships, and seminars on visual storytelling, empowering a new generation to reshape Africa’s narrative. Local artist Daniella Afful sees Dikan Center as transformative: “It has boosted art and photography, giving hope for preserving our history and making history.” 1．What inspired Ninson to build a photobook library? A．His interest in history books. B．His fancy of New York libraries. C．His ambition to make a fortune. D．His desire to bring Africa culture back home. 2．Why did Ninson go to New York in 2019? A．To raise money for a library building. B．To improve himself as a photographer. C．To seek his family roots and traditions. D．To collect books about African history. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Ninson was involved in a war. B．Ninson used his own money to pay for books. C．Brandon Stanton donated some books to him. D．African government arranged to ship the books back. 4．What can be inferred about the library from Daniella Afful’s words? A．It provides more job opportunities. B．It has transformed people’s hobbies. C．It is helpful to preserve local history. D．It is widely welcomed by the natives. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了加纳摄影记者保罗·尼森（Paul Ninson）在纽约档案室看到了大量非洲生活的影像档案。受此启发，他决定在加纳创立迪坎中心（Dikan Center）。他通过二手商店、拍卖和捐赠收集了超过30,000册摄影书，并筹集资金将这批藏书运回了加纳。迪坎中心于2022年12月在几内亚湾附近开放，如今它免费向公众提供这些摄影书并开设教育项目，使非洲人得以保存他们自己的影像历史。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A man does not know his true identity when he does not know the background of where he comes from. (一个人若不了解自己来自何方的背景，就无法认清自己的真实身份。)”以及“Here in New York, thousands of miles from Ghana, he found numerous visual images of life in Africa, past and present, in the archives (档案室) of the city’s libraries, galleries and museums. This led to an idea: create a library of photobooks in Ghana to bring the African story home. (在纽约这样一个远离加纳的遥远地方，他从这座城市的图书馆、画廊和博物馆的藏品中找到了大量有关非洲过去和现在的生活景象的视觉资料。这一发现让他有了一个想法：在加纳建立一个摄影书籍图书馆，将非洲的故事带回家乡。)”可知，尼森建造摄影书籍图书馆的初衷是想将非洲文化带回国内的愿望。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“He left Ghana in 2019 to seek a formal education in photojournalism at the International Center of Photography (ICP) in New York City. (他于2019年离开加纳，前往纽约市的国际摄影中心（ICP）寻求摄影新闻方面的正规教育。)”可知，他离开加纳去纽约是为了接受新闻摄影方面的教育来提升自己的摄影能力。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“He maxed out credit cards and filled his apartment with over 30,000 volumes. (他将信用卡额度用到了极限，并在自己的公寓里堆满了超过3万册的书籍。)”可知，尼森用自己的钱购买了书籍。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Local artist Daniella Afful sees Dikan Center as transformative: “It has boosted art and photography, giving hope for preserving our history and making history.” (当地艺术家丹妮拉·阿弗尔认为迪坎中心具有变革性意义：“它推动了艺术和摄影的发展，为保护和创造我们的历史带来了希望。”)”可知，这个图书馆有助于保存当地的历史。故选C。 4 In early 2023, I embarked on a voyage to the Galápagos Islands. It was on Floreana Island’s windswept shore that I encountered a weathered whisky barrel — the legendary Post Office Bay mailbox. It was first used by sailors in 1793 to send mail back home: they would leave a letter and take any addressed to their next port of call to deliver them by hand. It’s still used by tourists. People will leave a letter and take one that they are able to hand-deliver to their next destination. The barrel was full with postcards waiting for delivery. I took a couple home and delivered them with delight: one to a teacher from her pupil, and another from a girl to her boyfriend. The recipients were incredibly grateful. Weeks later, I couldn’t stop thinking about the letters. Then I thought what if I spent a year delivering more letters from that postbox? I realised I could keep my remote job, and at the same time travel the world delivering post, using air miles-and working along the way. By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. I aimed to deliver one a week, covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents. I’m 52 and very outgoing, but I’m aware that nowadays people are cautious of speaking to one another. Delivery letter number 50, in Bergen, Norway, I almost got arrested. The lady who answered the door didn’t believe my story and mistook my selfie stick for a weapon, so she called the police. I had to show the officers my GPS location history to prove what I was doing, and we all ended up laughing together. My favourite delivery was letter eight, in Mexico City, from a daughter to her mother, thanking her for letting her follow her dreams. The mother had been very ill, and her daughter wanted to come home from her travels to look after her, but she insisted her daughter should continue with her trip. I’m still in touch with both of them. When I finished my challenge in March this year, I held a party in London and invited everyone I’d met along the way. People came from all over the world. I was so touched and humbled. I’ve made friends for life. 1．How was mail delivered at Post Office Bay in the 18th century? A．By regular local messengers. B．By sailors stationed on the islands. C．By private postal service on the islands. D．By hand-delivery to the next destination. 2．The author decided to return to Galapagos because she ________. A．was assigned to handle some remote work B．was concerned about the delivery of the letters C．intended to use her air miles before the deadline D．wanted to check the letters in the deserted barrel 3．Which words can best describe the author according to the passage? A．Positive and curious. B．Determined and caring. C．Passionate but serious. D．Brave but introverted. 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．New bonds grow out of the traditional practices. B．Letters hold magical power in the modern world. C．Each individual is the architect of their own success. D．Small acts of kindness bring huge emotional rewards. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了2023年初作者在加拉帕戈斯群岛发现传统邮桶后，返岛选了55封信件，计划一年递送至多地，过程有波折也有温暖，最终完成挑战并收获挚友。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It was first used by sailors in 1793 to send mail back home: they would leave a letter and take any addressed to their next port of call to deliver them by hand. (1793年，水手们首次使用这种方式来寄信回家：他们会留下一封信，然后把所有写给他们下一站停靠港口的信件拿在手里亲手送达。)”可知，18世纪邮局湾的邮件通过“亲手递送到下一个目的地”的方式传递，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Weeks later, I couldn’t stop thinking about the letters. Then I thought what if I spent a year delivering more letters from that postbox? (几周之后，我再也无法停止思考那些信件的事。于是我想，如果我花一年的时间去投递那个邮筒里更多的信件，那会怎么样呢？)”以及第四段“By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. (到2024年3月，我回到了加拉帕戈斯群岛。我挑选出了55封信件和明信片，这些信件和明信片涵盖了广阔的地理区域。)”可知，作者决定返回加拉帕戈斯群岛，因为她担心信件的寄送问题。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. I aimed to deliver one a week, covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents. (到2024年3月，我回到了加拉帕戈斯群岛。我挑选了55封信件和明信片，它们涵盖了广阔的地理区域。我的目标是每周寄出一封，覆盖至少52个国家，并跨越七大洲。)”可知，作者每周寄出一封信，覆盖至少52个国家，并跨越七大洲，说明其坚定；根据倒数第二段“My favourite delivery was letter eight, in Mexico City, from a daughter to her mother, thanking her for letting her follow her dreams. The mother had been very ill, and her daughter wanted to come home from her travels to look after her, but she insisted her daughter should continue with her trip. I’m still in touch with both of them. (我最喜欢的信件是第八封，来自墨西哥城的一位女儿寄给母亲的信，信中女儿感谢母亲允许她追寻自己的梦想。母亲当时身体非常虚弱，而女儿本想结束旅行回家照顾母亲，但她坚持让女儿继续旅行。我至今仍与她们两人保持着联系。)”可知，作者用心递送每一封信（如墨西哥城女儿写给母亲的感谢信）、与收信人保持联系，说明其体贴。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段By March 2024，I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area.I aimed to deliver one a week，covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents.（到2024年3月，我回到了加拉帕戈斯群岛。我挑选了55封信件和明信片，它们涵盖了广阔的地理区域。我的目标是每周寄出一封，覆盖至少52个国家，并跨越七大洲。）以及最后一段I've made friends for life.（我结交了终生的朋友。）以及全文核心可知这篇文章讲述了作者2023年在加拉帕戈斯群岛弗洛雷阿纳岛发现一个传统邮筒（邮局湾邮箱）的经历。受此启发，作者决定用一年时间周游世界，亲手递送从邮筒中取出的55封信件和明信片，并与收件人建立了深厚友谊。说明新的联系从传统实践中产生。故选A。 5 For Cai Guoqiang, every time feels like the first time. His nerves still hurt, his mind still races before he lights the fuse (引线) and the gunpowder explodes. It’s an intensity that hasn’t lessened even after 40 years. That’s how long Cai’s been making art through the use of explosives. “The anxiety is part of my motivation to create artwork,” Cai says. And there’s high demand for Cai’s art, famous worldwide. In China, he led visual and special effects for the 2008 Summer and 2022 Winter Olympics’ ceremonies. He spent eight years in Japan as a young artist and now lives in New York. Each time he lights a match, he briefly returns to his childhood — when he first played with firecrackers innocently. It helped that his hometown, Quanzhou City, was one that was known for its collection of fireworks sellers. But that didn’t mean he immediately grasped their artistic potential. First, he tried firing them headlong into blank canvases, which “wasn’t very successful because the whole canvas would burn completely through,” says Cai. But art was in his DNA．His father was a small-time poet and brush-and-ink calligrapher; and his mother, though not an artist herself, was a temple-going and incense-burning woman whose spiritual beliefs influenced her son. In his youth, Cai says, he was “unconsciously exposed to the ties between fireworks and the fates of humans, from the Chinese practice of setting off firecrackers at a birth, a death and during a wedding.” He felt something in the mix of matter and energy — maybe a comparison between mind and matter, humans and the universe — in the hot center of an explosion. Soon, he found he could take gunpowder out of firecrackers and light it directly on canvas, making mysterious, messy black-and-brown pictures of space, nature and time. The explosive aspect of the gunpowder took on a symbolic meaning for Cai. “As a person, it’s fine to be careful and cautious, but as an artist, you may need to break free and let yourself go a little,” says the artist. 1．What’s Cai’s feeling after having worked as an explosives artist for decades? A．Proud and satisfied. B．Fresh and motivated. C．Anxious and insecure. D．Exhausted and indifferent. 2．What does the underlined word “headlong” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Delicately. B．Slowly. C．Carelessly. D．Skilfully. 3．Which of the following factors hasn’t contributed to Cai’s artistic creations? A．The upbringing of his father, who was also an artist. B．The high demand for innovative artists around the world. C．The influence of his temple-going and incense-burning mother. D．The fact that he grew up in a place famous for firecrackers. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．People should take their careers seriously. B．There are lots of things worth celebrating in one’s life. C．Our time on earth is limited and we should treasure it. D．Artists should free their mind to have innovation. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍艺术家蔡国强以火药为创作媒介的艺术生涯，包括其创作感受、成长背景对艺术的影响及创作理念。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For Cai Guoqiang, every time feels like the first time. His nerves still hurt, his mind still races before he lights the fuse (引线) and the gunpowder explodes. It’s an intensity that hasn’t lessened even after 40 years... “The anxiety is part of my motivation to create artwork,” Cai says.(对蔡国强来说，每一次都像第一次。在点燃引线、火药爆炸之前，他依然会紧张不安，思绪依然会飞速运转。即便过了40年，这种强烈的感受也丝毫没有减弱……“这种焦虑是我创作艺术品的动力之一，”蔡国强说。)”可知，即便从事火药艺术数十年，蔡国强每次创作仍有“如第一次般”的新鲜感受，且焦虑感成为创作动力，整体状态是新鲜且有动力的。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“First, he tried firing them headlong into blank canvases, which “wasn’t very successful because the whole canvas would burn completely through,” says Cai.(起初，他尝试将火药headlong射向空白画布，蔡国强说：“这并不成功，因为整个画布会被完全烧穿。”)”可知，“headlong”的射击方式导致画布被烧穿，说明这种方式缺乏细致考虑、较为鲁莽。结合选项，“Carelessly(粗心地、鲁莽地)”最符合语境。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It helped that his hometown, Quanzhou City, was one that was known for its collection of fireworks sellers.(他的家乡泉州以聚集了众多烟花商贩而闻名，这对他有所帮助)”（对应D项）、第四段中的“His father was a small-time poet and brush-and-ink calligrapher; and his mother, though not an artist herself, was a temple-going and incense-burning woman whose spiritual beliefs influenced her son.(他的父亲是一位籍籍无名的诗人和水墨书法家；他的母亲虽然不是艺术家，却常去寺庙烧香，其精神信仰对儿子产生了影响)”（对应A、C项）可知，A、C、D三项均是促成蔡国强艺术创作的因素；而B项“全球对创新艺术家的高需求”在文中未提及，文中仅提到“对蔡国强艺术的高需求”，并非“对创新艺术家的普遍需求”，且这是其艺术成功后的结果，而非促成创作的因素。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The explosive aspect of the gunpowder took on a symbolic meaning for Cai. “As a person, it’s fine to be careful and cautious, but as an artist, you may need to break free and let yourself go a little,” says the artist.(火药的爆炸特性对蔡国强具有象征意义。“作为普通人，谨慎小心是好的，但作为艺术家，你可能需要挣脱束缚，稍微放纵一下自己，”这位艺术家说)”可知，蔡国强以火药“爆炸”的特性比喻艺术创作需打破束缚。由此推知，艺术家应解放思想以实现创新。故选D项。 6 When Dink NeSmith heard that his friend Ralph Maxwell was shutting down his weekly newspaper, The Oglethorpe Echo, due to health issues, he was determined to save the nearly 150-year-old publication from disappearing. Both NeSmith and Maxwell are long-time residents of Oglethorpe County, located east of Athens. They have known each other for nearly five decades. NeSmith has also been contributing a column to The Oglethorpe Echo ever since he moved to Oglethorpe County. Maxwell’s father bought The Oglethorpe Echo in 1956, but its origins date back to 1874. It’s a record of everything from local weddings to significant legislative (立法的) changes. NeSmith looked up at the ceiling of the office, searching for an answer. Then, inspiration struck. He called Charles Davis, dean (院长) of the University of Georgia’s Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication. “I’ve got an idea,” NeSmith told him. “I want to turn The Oglethorpe Echo into a practical training ground for the future journalists at the Grady College.” Davis was enthusiastic about the idea, and they built a sustainable business model to ensure the newspaper’s future. They developed a cornerstone course (综合性课程) with The Oglethorpe Echo as its foundation. Students experience a working newsroom which acts as a stepping stone into their careers. Traditionally run by a single reporter, The Echo now benefited from a team of eager student journalists. Of course, they needed someone to run the newspaper. So Andy Johnston joined in. He was the adviser for The Red & Black from 2018 to 2021, and familiar with working with students and had an extensive journalism background. Most importantly, he believed in the project. He teams up with Amanda Bright, the course instructor, who has spent her career as a community journalist across various platforms, from mid-sized daily newspapers to digital startups. Together, they developed new digital strategies for The Oglethorpe Echo, including an email newsletter, four social media channels, and an updated website. 1．What has NeSmith ever done for The Oglethorpe Echo before the plan? A．He contributed regularly to a column. B．He developed a cornerstone course. C．He led a team of student journalists. D．He suggested new digital strategies. 2．What did NeSmith propose for The Oglethorpe Echo? A．A focus only on online news. B．A partnership with local businesses. C．A practical training platform for students. D．A weekly publication with more journalists. 3．What probably motivated Andy Johnston to join The Oglethorpe Echo? A．His belief in the potential of the project. B．His familiarity with student work. C．His connection to Oglethorpe County. D．His desire for promotion in journalism. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The history of The Oglethorpe Echo. B．Journalism education at Grady College. C．NeSmith’s friendship with Maxwell. D．The transformation of a local newspaper. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述丁克・内史密斯为挽救因健康问题将停刊的百年报纸《The Oglethorpe Echo》，联合大学将其改为记者实训平台，组建团队助其转型。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“NeSmith has also been contributing a column to The Oglethorpe Echo ever since he moved to Oglethorpe County.(自从搬到奥格尔索普县后，内史密斯也一直在为《 The Oglethorpe Echo》报纸撰写专栏。)”可知，在计划实施前，内史密斯曾定期为该报的一个专栏供稿。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“ “I’ve got an idea,” NeSmith told him. “I want to turn The Oglethorpe Echo into a practical training ground for the future journalists at the Grady College.”(“我有个主意，”内史密斯对他说，“我想把《The Oglethorpe Echo》变成格雷迪学院未来记者的实践训练场。”)”可知，内史密斯为该报提出的方案是将其打造成学生的实践培训平台。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第七段“He was the adviser for The Red & Black from 2018 to 2021, and familiar with working with students and had an extensive journalism background. Most importantly, he believed in the project.(2018年至2021年，他担任《红与黑》的顾问，熟悉与学生合作，且拥有丰富的新闻背景。最重要的是，他相信这个项目。)”可知，安迪・约翰斯顿加入的核心动机是他对该项目潜力的信任。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章围绕《The Oglethorpe Echo》展开：该报因主编健康问题面临停刊，内史密斯提出与大学合作将其变为记者实践平台，随后组建团队、制定数字策略，实现了报纸的转型。核心是这份地方报纸的转型过程，因此D项“The transformation of a local newspaper(一份地方报纸的转型)”符合主旨。故选D项。 7 When we think about what makes humans unique, a good sense of humor is often high on the list. Laughter and playful teasing seem like traits only we possess. However, recent research suggests that animals — particularly great apes — may also engage in behavior that resembles humor. A study led by primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Isabelle Laumer at the Max Planck Institute reveals fascinating insights. “We documented young apes deliberately sneaking up to hit adults, then waiting expectantly for a reaction,” Laumer explains. “This isn’t random play — it meets all the criteria of intentional teasing.” Over 75 hours of video recordings showed this behavior mirrors how human children joke: repetitive, surprising, and aimed at seeking responses. The researchers noted that the apes even paused to watch for the adult’s reaction, much like a child waiting to see if their joke landed. But humor in animals may not be limited to apes. Dog owners often notice their pets making breathy, snorting sounds during play, which some scientists interpret as laughter. In a 2025 study, researchers found that playing these sounds to shelter dogs reduced their stress levels. Similarly, dolphins emit joyful sounds during play-fighting, elephants trumpet excitedly when playing, and some parrots tease other animals — like confusing dogs with whistles — just for fun. Why might animals exhibit humor? In humans, laughter strengthens social connections and eases tension. Scientists argue that playful teasing in apes or “laughter” in dogs could serve a similar purpose — breaking the ice and reinforcing relationships. Some researchers believe these behaviors may have evolved (进化) to help animals manage complex social ranks or reduce conflict. However, Laumer cautions that more research is needed to confirm this theory, as observing humor in animals remains challenging. While we may never know if animals understand punchlines, their behaviors hint at humor’s deep evolutionary roots. As Laumer reflects: “The line between human and animal laughter isn’t as sharp as we thought.” 1．What did Laumer’s study find about young apes? A．They enjoy teasing others. B．They often fight in groups. C．They seek adult protection. D．They learn from human kids. 2．What does the underlined word “trumpet” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Wag. B．Smile. C．Nod. D．Shout. 3．Why might animals show humor? A．To improve social status. B．To strengthen social bonds. C．To win in complex conflicts. D．To get much more pleasure. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Animal Social Behaviors B．Do Animals Copy Our Laughs? C．Animals Play Tricks Too D．Why Animals Understand Humor? 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通常人们认为幽默感是人类独有的特质，但近期研究表明，动物（尤其是类人猿）也可能表现出类似幽默的行为，且此类行为或有其进化意义，同时也指出观察动物幽默仍具挑战性，人与动物笑声的界限并非如想象中清晰。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““We documented young apes deliberately sneaking up to hit adults, then waiting expectantly for a reaction,” Laumer explains. “This isn’t random play — it meets all the criteria of intentional teasing.” (“我们记录了年轻的猿类故意偷偷摸摸地袭击成年猿，然后期待着成年猿的反应，”劳尔解释说。“这不是随机的游戏——它符合故意戏弄的所有标准。”)”可知，劳尔的研究发现，幼猿会故意捉弄成年猿类。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Similarly, dolphins emit joyful sounds during play-fighting (同样，海豚在打闹时也会发出欢快的声音)”及下文“and some parrots tease other animals — like confusing dogs with whistles — just for fun.( 一些鹦鹉会戏弄其他动物——比如用口哨把狗弄混——只是为了好玩)”可知，此处在描述动物玩耍时的声音表现。由此推知，划线词trumpet是指大象在玩耍时发出声音，与shout“大声叫喊”意思接近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In humans, laughter strengthens social connections and eases tension. Scientists argue that playful teasing in apes or “laughter” in dogs could serve a similar purpose — breaking the ice and reinforcing relationships. (对人类来说，笑能加强社会联系，缓解紧张。科学家们认为，猿的嬉闹或狗的“笑”也能起到类似的作用——打破僵局，加强关系)”可知，动物表现幽默可能是为了加强社会联系。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“When we think about what makes humans unique, a good sense of humor is often high on the list. Laughter and playful teasing seem like traits only we possess. However, recent research suggests that animals — particularly great apes — may also engage in behavior that resembles humor. (当我们思考是什么让人类与众不同时，良好的幽默感往往名列前茅。笑和开玩笑似乎只有我们才拥有。然而，最近的研究表明，动物——尤其是类人猿——也可能有类似幽默的行为)”及下文可知，文章主要介绍研究发现动物（如猿类、狗、海豚、大象、鹦鹉等）会表现出类似幽默的行为（如捉弄、发出类似笑声的声音等），说明动物也会“耍小聪明”。由此可知，“Animals Play Tricks Too(动物也会恶作剧)”适合作本文标题。故选C。 8 When Percy Lee has a bad day, he hangs out with his chinchilla, Rin. “She’s like emotional support for me,” says the 14-year-old. He’s not alone — whether holding a cat or petting a pup, people worldwide find comfort in relaxing with their pets. That animal affection may have benefits that go far beyond temporary mood boosts. Researchers have found that pets can reduce stress and enhance people’s immune (免疫) systems. Developmental psychologist Patricia Pendry’s research reveals that just 10 minutes of petting animals significantly lowers cortisol, the body’s stress hormone (荷尔蒙). “Rhythmic petting releases oxytocin — a hormone that helps calm the stress system,” she explains, noting even eye contact with dogs sets off this effect. Beyond mental health, early pet exposure boosts immunity. Mikael Knip’s 2020 study shows children growing up with pets exhibit dramatically lower health risks: 40% less asthma, 28% fewer allergies, and half the likelihood of developing type I diabetes. Animals themselves probably don’t help train our immune system. “The idea is that early exposure to a dog or a cat in the house leads to an increased exposure to ‘healthy’ microbes,” Knip explains. All kinds of microbes collect on an animal’s paws and fur while they’re outdoors. The animal then brings those microbes home, which exposes family members to the germs. Those exposures help train up kids’ immune systems. While owning pets offers these benefits, not everyone can have one. “If you can’t have a pet of your own, talk to your neighbors, family members or friends,” suggests Dr. Kerri Rodriguez, who studies animal-human bond. “Can you volunteer to walk their dog for them one day a week?” You could even visit a cat café now and then, or volunteer at an animal shelter. Interacting with animals can be beneficial, Rodriguez says. “But animals have feelings and emotions too. Remember to always respect an animal’s boundaries and personal space, just like you’d like to be treated.” 1．Why does the author mention Percy Lee in the first paragraph? A．To prove a theory. B．To define a concept. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide the background. 2．Why does early pet exposure improve immunity according to Knip? A．It helps cure asthma and allergies. B．It lowers the number of microbes in the house. C．It relieves children’s stress and pain. D．It enhances exposure to beneficial microbes. 3．What can be inferred from Kerri Rodriguez’s words? A．Volunteering can bring people closer. B．Animals should be treated considerately. C．Cat cafés are a good way to own a pet. D．Pets improve neighborhood relationships. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Pets: Health and Well-Being Boosters B．Pets: Children’s Illness fighters C．Pets: Human’s Emotional supporters D．Pets: Owners’ Helpful Companions 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了宠物在缓解压力、增强免疫力方面的作用及原理，同时给出了无法养宠物者与动物互动的建议，并提醒人们尊重动物。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“He’s not alone — whether holding a cat or petting a pup, people worldwide find comfort in relaxing with their pets. That animal affection may have benefits that go far beyond temporary mood boosts. Researchers have found that pets can reduce stress and enhance people’s immune (免疫) systems.(他并非个例——无论抱着猫咪还是抚摸小狗，全球各地的人都能在与宠物相处的轻松时光中获得慰藉。这种对动物的喜爱所带来的益处，可能远不止暂时改善心情。研究人员发现，宠物能减轻压力并增强人们的免疫系统)”可推知，作者提及珀西・李的例子是为了引出宠物对人类有益这一主题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Animals themselves probably don’t help train our immune system. “The idea is that early exposure to a dog or a cat in the house leads to an increased exposure to ‘healthy’ microbes,” Knip explains.(动物本身可能不会帮助训练我们的免疫系统。“我们的想法是，早期接触家里的狗或猫会增加接触‘健康’微生物的机会，”克尼普解释说)”可知，早期接触宠物能增强免疫力是因为它能增加人们对有益微生物的接触。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Kerri Rodriguez所说的“But animals have feelings and emotions too. Remember to always respect an animal’s boundaries and personal space, just like you’d like to be treated.(但动物也有感觉和情感。记住，永远尊重动物的界限和私人空间，就像你希望被对待一样)”可知，罗德里格斯的话暗示人们应该体贴地对待动物。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“He’s not alone — whether holding a cat or petting a pup, people worldwide find comfort in relaxing with their pets. That animal affection may have benefits that go far beyond temporary mood boosts. Researchers have found that pets can reduce stress and enhance people’s immune (免疫) systems.(他并非个例——无论抱着猫咪还是抚摸小狗，全球各地的人都能在与宠物相处的轻松时光中获得慰藉。这种对动物的喜爱所带来的益处，可能远不止暂时改善心情。研究人员发现，宠物能减轻压力并增强人们的免疫系统)”可知，全文围绕宠物对人类健康和幸福感的促进作用展开。A项“宠物：健康和幸福的助推器”准确概括了文章主旨，可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。 9 A new study published in Journal of Traditional Beverages found that daily moderate tea drinking can lower cortisol (皮质醇) by up to 18% and reduce work-related tiredness by 25% among office workers. The finding suggests that tea can be a simple yet effective way to relieve stress in fast-paced urban life. However, many city residents struggle to brew (冲泡) quality tea due to limited experience, which makes it difficult to fully enjoy these benefits. The key to brewing perfect tea consistently lies in smart tea-brewing systems. These systems are equipped with sensors that monitor water temperature, tea brewing time, and water volume, transmitting real-time data to a mobile app. Users receive instant alerts, such as “Water temperature is higher than the best range for green tea” or “Brewing time is sufficient,” making it easy even for beginners to master tea brewing. “Technology bridges the gap between busy urban life and the slow enjoyment of traditional tea,” explains Dr. Min Li, lead researcher of the study. One well-known system, TeaSmart, has gained popularity in 10 major cities since 2024. Compared with traditional brewing methods — where improper temperature often wastes 30% of tea leaves — TeaSmart delivers precise conditions, increasing tea leaf utilization (利用率) by 60%. User surveys indicate that 85% of TeaSmart users maintain the habit of daily tea drinking after six months, while only 40% of those using traditional teapots do so. Though smart systems simplify tea brewing, experts stress that patience and sensory experience remain vital. “Tea tasting is about observing the color of the tea soup and smelling its fragrance,” notes Dr. Li. “Even with technology, interacting with tea itself is part of the charm.” This combination of innovation and tradition makes tea drinking a rewarding routine for city residents. 1．Why do many city residents find it hard to brew quality tea? A．They lead a fast-paced life. B．They struggle to make a living. C．They are short of professional tools. D．They are inexperienced in brewing tea. 2．How do smart tea-brewing systems assist beginners? A．By promoting their tea brewing skills. B．By providing live data to a mobile app. C．By shortening the time of tea brewing. D．By adjusting water temperature in time. 3．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning TeaSmart? A．To improve tea leaf utilization. B．To keep the habit of drinking tea. C．To compare it with traditional brewing. D．To prove the advantages of smart systems. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Smart Brewing: Enhancing the Fragrance of Tea B．Smart Brewing: Replacing Traditional Tea Brewing C．Smart Brewing: Simplifying the Steps of Tea Brewing D．Smart Brewing: Bridging Urban Life and Tea Enjoyment 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍适量饮茶对办公室职员的益处，以及智能泡茶系统如何帮助城市居民解决泡茶难题，同时兼顾传统品茶魅力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, many city residents struggle to brew (冲泡) quality tea due to limited experience, which makes it difficult to fully enjoy these benefits.(然而，由于经验有限，许多城市居民难以泡出优质的茶，这使得他们难以充分享受这些益处。)”可知，城市居民难以泡出优质茶是因为他们缺乏泡茶经验。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The key to brewing perfect tea consistently lies in smart tea-brewing systems. These systems are equipped with sensors that monitor water temperature, tea brewing time, and water volume, transmitting real-time data to a mobile app. Users receive instant alerts, such as “Water temperature is higher than the best range for green tea” or “Brewing time is sufficient,” making it easy even for beginners to master tea brewing.(始终泡出完美茶水的关键在于智能泡茶系统。这些系统配备了传感器，可监测水温、泡茶时间和水量，并将实时数据传输到移动应用程序。用户会收到即时提醒，例如“水温高于绿茶的最佳范围”或“泡茶时间已足够”，即使是初学者也能轻松掌握泡茶技巧。)”可知，智能泡茶系统通过向移动应用程序传输实时数据并发送提醒，帮助初学者掌握泡茶技巧。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“One well-known system, TeaSmart, has gained popularity in 10 major cities since 2024. Compared with traditional brewing methods — where improper temperature often wastes 30% of tea leaves — TeaSmart delivers precise conditions, increasing tea leaf utilization (利用率) by 60%. User surveys indicate that 85% of TeaSmart users maintain the habit of daily tea drinking after six months, while only 40% of those using traditional teapots do so.(自2024年以来，知名的TeaSmart系统已在10个主要城市流行起来。与传统泡茶方法——温度不当通常会浪费30%的茶叶——相比，TeaSmart能提供精准的泡茶条件，使茶叶利用率提高60%。用户调查显示，6个月后，85%的TeaSmart用户仍保持着每日饮茶的习惯，而使用传统茶壶的用户中这一比例仅为40%。)”可知，作者提及TeaSmart是为了通过其在茶叶利用率和用户习惯保持率上的优势，证明智能泡茶系统的好处。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的““Technology bridges the gap between busy urban life and the slow enjoyment of traditional tea,” explains Dr. Min Li, lead researcher of the study.(“科技弥补了繁忙都市生活与悠闲品茶体验之间的差距，”该研究的首席研究员李敏博士解释道。)”和尾段中的“This combination of innovation and tradition makes tea drinking a rewarding routine for city residents.(这种创新与传统的结合，让饮茶成为城市居民一种有益的日常习惯。)”可知，文章核心是智能泡茶系统连接了都市生活与品茶享受，因此“智能泡茶：连接都市生活与品茶享受”适合作为标题。故选D项。 10 I would never describe myself as being a cynic (愤世嫉俗者), it’s a person who has negative opinions about other people and things people do. While I might be doubtful about our ability to unite and address significant challenges, that’s based on evidence. Who wouldn’t be concerned when considering the current events we face? That’s what I might have argued before I read Zaki’s new book, Hope for Cynics. Afterwards, I felt a sense of pity: I might be part of the problem. Zaki, a professor of psychology and the director of the Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab, presents a picture of cynicism’s hold on us. And its potential impacts on our future and personal well-being. In 2018, only 32% of the Americans surveyed said that “most people can be trusted”, compared with nearly 50% in 1972. During this process, cynicism has taken root as a response to many challenges. But, Zaki argues, it’s an own goal: expecting the most negative outcomes is self-harming. It weakens our connections with others and discourages us from tackling issues that matter. Say climate crisis. Expecting the most negative outcomes also harms our chances of finding happiness in the here and now. The popular belief that cynics are just smarter and more realistic isn’t necessarily justifiable. Zaki points out that cynics perform worse at cognitive (认知) tests and are less effective at identifying untrustworthy people and lies than non-cynics. “200,000 years ago, the people worrying about the dangers on the horizon probably did better than their friend relaxed by the sunset, but now being overly anxious can lead us to overestimate the chances of frightening but rare events,” he says. As a self-described “recovering cynic”, Zaki has made small but powerful changes in his own life. First, he has become more conscious of cynical thoughts, noticing when he is coming to “unnecessarily cold conclusions” and interrupting them with facts. Tellingly, Zaki has noticed that coming to the conclusions is most common when he’s sleep-lacking or stressed; cynicism is a kind of burnout. Zaki also practices what he calls “positive talk”: spreading word, within his circles, of acts of generosity or kindness. I think it is this “personal counter-programming” to cynicism. 1．Why did the author initially refuse to be labeled as a cynic? A．Her doubt made much sense. B．Her view was widely accepted. C．She disliked such type of person. D．She had great faith in her ability. 2．What may be the cause of cynicism? A．Burning desires for well-being. B．Decreased faith in each other. C．Constant emergence of challenges. D．Negative attitudes to the future. 3．Why is it bad for a person to expect the worst? A．It fuels ignorance of dangers. B．It goes against the popular belief. C．It discourages realistic thoughts. D．It does damage to our social bonds. 4．What does Zaki’s practice of overcoming cynicism suggest? A．Positive talk promotes kind acts. B．Action speaks louder than words. C．Minor yet impactful changes matter. D．High mental pressures relate to burnout. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕心理学教授Zaki的新书《愤世嫉俗者的希望》展开，阐述了愤世嫉俗情绪的现状、其对个人和未来的负面影响，以及Zaki作为 “正在恢复的愤世嫉俗者”通过个人实践克服愤世嫉俗的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I would never describe myself as being a cynic (愤世嫉俗者), it’s a person who has negative opinions about other people and things people do. While I might be doubtful about our ability to unite and address significant challenges, that’s based on evidence.(我绝不会把自己描述成一个愤世嫉俗者，愤世嫉俗者是对他人和人们所做的事情持负面看法的人。虽然我可能对我们团结起来应对重大挑战的能力表示怀疑，但这是有证据的。)”可知，作者最初拒绝被贴上愤世嫉俗者的标签是因为她的怀疑是有道理的。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In 2018, only 32% of the Americans surveyed said that “most people can be trusted”, compared with nearly 50% in 1972. During this process, cynicism has taken root as a response to many challenges.(2018年，只有32%的受访美国人表示“大多数人是可以信任的”，而1972年这一比例接近50%。在这个过程中，作为对许多挑战的回应，愤世嫉俗已经根深蒂固。)”可知，人们之间的信任度下降可能是愤世嫉俗产生的原因。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But, Zaki argues, it’s an own goal: expecting the most negative outcomes is self-harming. It weakens our connections with others and discourages us from tackling issues that matter.(这是一个自摆乌龙：期待最负面的结果是自我伤害。它削弱了我们与他人的联系，阻碍我们解决重要的问题。)”可知，一个人期待最坏的结果是不好的，因为这会损害我们的社会纽带。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As a self-described “recovering cynic”, Zaki has made small but powerful changes in his own life.(作为一个自称“正在恢复的愤世嫉俗者”，扎基在自己的生活中做出了微小但有力的改变。)”可知，扎基克服愤世嫉俗的做法表明微小但有影响的改变很重要。故选C项。 11 I know people who say they don’t watch television, and I always nod and agree. Reading requires intelligence, and television is merely entertainment, right? I’m going to Scotland this year, and three different people told me I must watch “Outlander” before I go, which is like “Game of Thrones” for fans of romance novels. I watched the first four-hour-long episodes back to back. When I stood up from the couch I felt sick, and it wasn’t just the cookies, popcorn and peanut butter sandwiches I’d had without noticing. It was dark outside, and I felt ashamed. I had spent half a day on the couch. Research for Scotland? Not exactly. A few days later I had a library book due: The National Book Award winner The Friend, by Sigrid Nunez. I needed to finish it, so I read the last half straight through. I was absorbed in Nunez’s New York City, worrying about the heroin’s career and her future. I finished the book with tears in my eyes and stood up feeling, well, great. I had wasted another four hours on my couch. I hadn’t eaten as much junk food because I needed my hands free — and not sticky — so I could turn pages and return the book to the library relatively clean, but I hadn’t moved and once again it was dark outside. Why did I feel so much better and guilt-free? All the research says reading a book is good for you. It reduces stress, promotes comprehension and imagination, relieves depression, helps you sleep and may contribute to preventing Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症). The act of physically turning a page creates a momentary pause for understanding to sink in. Our brains have to work to translate the black squiggles (弯弯曲曲的线条) on the page into words and then interpret the meaning and intent (意图) of those words. When a character is described as tall with brown hair, a reader creates her own picture. TV takes all that imagination away. But there’s a lot of good TV now.  I’d like to say the answer to TV versus books must be, as Aristotle said, “Moderation in all things,” though he never had a television or a computer and had to read his scrolls by candlelight. I agree that too much television is bad for you. I know I feel better if I read, but it won’t stop me from watching too: My second DVD of “Outlander” has just arrived, and as soon as I get this essay done, the rest of my day is free. 1．By “I always nod and agree” (paragraph 1), the author implies that ______ . A．she doesn’t think highly of TV either B．she believes those who say they don’t watch TV C．she should be polite to get the conversation to go on D．she is not willing to admit that she watches television 2．The phrase “back to back” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “ ______ ”. A．from morning till night B．one after another without a break C．looking at the opposite direction D．leaning against the back of the couch 3．The author felt better after reading The Friend than watching “Outlander”, most probably because ______ . A．she didn’t feel hungry for any snacks B．the TV series got her to cancel her trip to Scotland C．the television series was no more attractive than the book D．she regarded reading as more rewarding than watching TV 4．What can be concluded from all the research introduced in paragraph 5? A．Reading is active while watching TV is passive. B．Reading involves physical exercises while watching TV doesn’t. C．Reading stimulates the brain to concentrate while watching TV doesn’t. D．Reading is good for one’s mental health while watching TV is bad for it. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了阅读与看电视的不同体验及对人的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I know people who say they don’t watch television, and I always nod and agree. Reading requires intelligence, and television is merely entertainment, right?(我知道有些人说他们不看电视，我总是点头表示同意。阅读需要智力，而电视仅仅是娱乐，对吗？)”可知，作者通过“总是点头同意”暗示自己也不看好电视。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“I watched the first four-hour-long episodes back to back. When I stood up from the couch I felt sick, and it wasn’t just the cookies, popcorn and peanut butter sandwiches I’d had without noticing. It was dark outside, and I felt ashamed.(我back to back看了第一集四小时长的剧集。当我从沙发上站起来时，我感到不舒服，这不仅仅是因为我不经意地吃了饼干、爆米花和花生酱三明治。外面很黑，我感到很惭愧)”可知，作者连续不断地看了四小时的剧集，直到天黑都没有发现。因此，“back to back”在此处的意思是“一个接一个，不间断地”。与选项B“one after another without a break (一个接一个不间断)”一致。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Why did I feel so much better and guilt-free? (为什么我感觉好多了，而且没有负罪感呢？)”以及第五段中“All the research says reading a book is good for you.(所有的研究都表明读书对你有好处)”可知，作者在阅读《朋友》后感觉更好，没有负罪感，是因为她认为阅读比看电视更有价值。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Our brains have to work to translate the black squiggles (弯弯曲曲的线条) on the page into words and then interpret the meaning and intent (意图) of those words. When a character is described as tall with brown hair, a reader creates her own picture. TV takes all that imagination away.(我们的大脑必须努力将页面上的黑色曲线翻译成单词，然后解释这些单词的含义和意图。当一个角色被描述为棕色头发的高个子时，读者会自己想象出她的样子。电视把所有的想象力都带走了)”可知，从第五段介绍的所有研究中可以得出：阅读是主动的，而看电视是被动的。故选A。 12 In a world where our digital devices have become extensions of ourselves, it’s no surprise that we often immerse (沉浸) ourselves in screens rather than engage with the world and people around us. But amidst this digital deluge (涌现的事物), something vital is being lost: the art of genuine human connection. These devices offer a convenient escape from boredom or discomfort, allowing us to avoid awkward social situations or difficult emotions. Small talk often receives criticism for being empty or insignificant. Rarely does someone express a fondness for it, let alone find fulfillment in it. However, small talk matters a lot in social interactions. Think of it as the warm-up before a workout — it helps us ease into deeper conversations and establishes a foundation of trust and understanding. It lays the groundwork for assessing whether the exchange has the potential to cultivate a friendship or deeper connection. Even one-off exchanges with someone at the grocery store or at the bus stop offer opportunities for connection. But our aversion (厌恶) to small talk is significant. We may convince ourselves that we’re not good at it or that it’s unnecessary, but that’s simply an excuse. Yes, of course, social anxiety is real, but the only way to overcome the fears is through practice, gaining confidence by slowly taking risks, and actively engaging in conversations. So, how can we embrace small talk and harness its power? Start by paying attention to your surroundings and engaging with those around you. Whether it’s commenting on the weather or striking up a conversation about a shared experience, small talk provides an opportunity to connect with others on a basic level. Like any skill, small talk requires practice. Start small by initiating conversations with strangers or acquaintances and gradually work your way up to deeper connections. With each interaction, you’ll gain confidence and build the skills necessary for meaningful conversations. It may feel uncomfortable at first, but with practice, we can regain the richness of human interaction and cultivate relationships that truly nourish(滋养)the soul, build confidence, and reclaim the internal real estate that is overrun with anxious thoughts. 1．Why do people often prefer to engage with digital devices rather than the real world? A．They find it more convenient to do so. B．They are afraid of genuine relationships. C．They have little time to engage with others. D．They want to avoid face-to-face communication. 2．What does the author think of small talk? A．It is an unnecessary and hard skill. B．It takes a lot of meaningful time. C．It plays a crucial role in social interactions. D．It is difficult to master for most people. 3．What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Hold. B．Employ. C．Discover. D．Overlook. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How to Overcome Social Anxiety B．The Challenges of Modern Social Life C．Digital Devices and Human Connection D．The Power of Small Talk in Social Life 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【解析】这是一篇议论文，文章主要围绕“闲聊的力量”这一主题展开论述，阐述了闲聊在社交生活、建立人脉以及深化人际关系中的重要作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“These devices offer a convenient escape from boredom or discomfort, allowing us to avoid awkward social situations or difficult emotions.(这些设备提供了一个方便的逃避无聊或不适的方式，让我们避免尴尬的社交场合或困难的情绪)”可知，人们更喜欢使用数字设备而不是现实世界交往，是因为使用数字设备交往更方便，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, small talk matters a lot in social interactions.(然而，闲聊在社交互动中很重要)”可知，作者认为闲聊在社会交往中起着至关重要的作用，故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Start by paying attention to your surroundings and engaging with those around you. Whether it’s commenting on the weather or striking up a conversation about a shared experience, small talk provides an opportunity to connect with others on a basic level.(首先要注意周围的环境，并与周围的人互动。无论是评论天气还是聊一聊共同的经历，闲聊都提供了一个与他人建立基本联系的机会)”可知，作者建议积极闲聊，下文在说如何通过关注周围环境并与周围的人互动来利用闲聊的力量，故划线词所在句指“接受闲聊并利用它的力量”，harness意为“利用”，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“However, small talk matters a lot in social interactions. Think of it as the warm-up before a workout — it helps us ease into deeper conversations and establishes a foundation of trust and understanding. It lays the groundwork for assessing whether the exchange has the potential to cultivate a friendship or deeper connection. Even one-off exchanges with someone at the grocery store or at the bus stop offer opportunities for connection.(然而，闲聊在社交互动中很重要。把它想象成锻炼前的热身——它帮助我们轻松地进入更深层次的对话，建立信任和理解的基础。它为评估交流是否有可能培养友谊或加深联系奠定了基础。即使是在杂货店或公共汽车站与某人的一次性交流也提供了建立联系的机会)”可知，本文主要讲述闲聊在社会生活中的作用，D项“闲聊在社交生活中的力量”最适合作为标题，故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $