技巧01 细节理解题的答题优化策略（全国通用）2026年高考英语阅读理解突破策略及押题

技巧01 细节理解题的答题优化策略 策略分析 高考英语阅读理解细节理解题是考查频率最高的题型之一，核心是要求考生从原文中精准定位并提取与题干信息匹配的具体内容。高考英语阅读理解中的细节理解题，在整个阅读理解题型体系里，属于考查频率极高的题型类别之一。其核心要义在于，着重考查考生从篇幅各异的原文之中，凭借自身对题干信息的精准解读，实现对与之高度匹配的具体内容的精确锁定与有效提取。这要求考生不仅要具备扎实的英语语言基础，能够读懂原文的每一个词句，更要掌握一定的阅读技巧，能够快速定位到关键信息所在位置，不被冗余信息所干扰，从而准确作答此类题目。 细节理解题的本质是 “原文信息的精准匹配与验证”，需遵循 “3 步闭环操作法”，确保答题速度与准确率的平衡： （1）审题标注：锁定关键线索。快速通读题干与选项，用横线标注两类关键词：①显性定位词（人名、地名、数字、大写名词等特殊标识）；②隐性核心词（表因果、目的、态度的动词 / 名词，如 why, cause, aim 等）。避免遗漏题干中的否定词（not, except），这类词常成为答题陷阱。 （2）原文定位：精准锁定区间。可以采用 “跳读法” 回归原文，遵循 “顺序原则”（题目顺序与原文段落顺序基本一致）和“同义转换原则”（题干关键词可能以近义词、词性转换形式出现，如 “lose job” 对应原文 “out of occupation”）。定位后用序号标注题目对应句，避免重复阅读。 （3）比对验证：排除干扰选项。将选项与原文定位句逐词比对，重点关注同义表达重合度（重合越高越可能为答案），同时依据干扰项特征排除错误选项（详见后文 “避坑指南”）。最终答案需满足 “题干要求 + 原文依据” 双重条件，杜绝主观臆断。 答题突破技巧 一、关键词精准定位法（适用于直接信息题） 【操作技巧】 通过题干中的专有名词（如人名、地名、机构名）、数字（年份、日期、数据）、特殊动词（表因果、转折、对比的动词）等独特关键词，运用 "关键词定位法" 快速锁定原文对应信息区间。具体操作时，可先在题干划出 3-5 个核心关键词，采用 "跳跃式阅读" 在文中寻找完全匹配或同义替换表述，精准定位后精读上下文 3-5 句，避免因通读全文而浪费考试时间。该策略尤其适用于信息匹配题、事实细节题，能有效提升答题效率与准确率。 【阅读语段】 Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 【技巧分析】 划关键词：在处理高考英语阅读理解细节理解题时，精准定位题干核心关键词是破题的首要步骤。以本题为例，题干核心关键词为 “Farber”“try acupuncture on pets”“why”。其中，“Farber” 作为人名、“acupuncture” 作为专业术语 “针灸”，均属于专有名词范畴，在原文中具有极强的定位性，如同导航坐标般能快速指引我们锁定相关内容。同时，“try acupuncture on pets” 明确提问行为动机，而 “why” 则直接点明本题为原因类细节题，需着重关注因果逻辑表述。 定位原文：依据划定的关键词，迅速在阅读材料中展开搜索。通过 “Farber” 与 “acupuncture” 这两个强定位词，我们可以快速找到语段中 “Then he tried acupuncture... he improved... So... began offering them to pets” 这样包含因果关系的句子。此过程需要考生熟练运用略读技巧，快速扫视文本，忽略无关信息，精准捕捉关键词所在语句。同时，在定位时要留意关键词的同义替换或相关表述，确保定位准确无误。 对比验证：定位到原文语句后，进入关键的对比验证环节。仔细分析原文 “he improved after two or three treatments”，其清晰表明 “Farber” 本人作为患者接受针灸治疗后病情得到改善，这一事实与选项 C 的表述完全匹配，充分印证了选项 C 的正确性。在对比过程中，要逐字逐句比对选项与原文内容，关注时态、数量词、限定词等细节，避免因细微差异导致误判。对于其余选项，通过再次回查原文，确认其均缺乏原文依据，属于无中生有或曲解文意，从而可以果断排除，最终锁定正确答案。 二、同义替换匹配法（适用于间接信息题） 【操作技巧】 命题人常对原文信息进行同义改写，这种改写方式灵活多样，包括但不限于词性转换、近义词替换、句式结构调整等。例如，原文中使用名词形式的表述，在选项中可能转换为同根动词；常见形容词也会被替换为语义相近的高级词汇，以此增加试题区分度。考生需突破文字表象，通过分析句子结构、提炼核心语义，精准识别选项与原文间的隐性对应关系。这不仅要求具备扎实的词汇功底，更需培养对同义表达的敏感度，从而在复杂的干扰项中锁定正确答案。 【阅读语段】 Volunteers for the Habitat Restoration Team are required to participate in tree-planting sessions every weekend. They should also attend monthly workshops on native plant species and assist in documenting the growth of newly planted trees. Prior experience in gardening is preferred but not mandatory. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Work in the garden daily. B. Learn about local plants regularly. C. Have gardening experience. D. Document tree growth weekly. 【技巧分析】 识别同义特征：在高考英语阅读理解细节理解题中，命题人常通过同义替换来设置正确答案。例如，当题干出现 “expected to do” 这类表示义务性的表述时，考生需敏锐捕捉原文中 “required to”“should” 等具有相同语义特征的词汇，这些同义表述往往是定位答案的关键线索。在实际答题过程中，可先圈出题干中的核心关键词，带着这些关键词快速扫读原文，重点关注同义替换的表达方式，从而精准定位到与题目相关的文本段落。 匹配替换词：在分析选项时，要特别留意词汇之间的同义替换关系。以选项 B “Learn about local plants regularly” 为例，它与原文 “attend monthly workshops on native plant species” 存在对应关系。其中，“local plants” 与 “native plant species” 都指本地植物，属于近义词；“regularly” 与 “monthly” 都体现了时间上的规律性，“monthly” 是 “regularly” 在时间频率上的具体体现。通过这样细致的词汇匹配，能够准确判断选项与原文信息的一致性。考生在日常练习中，应注重积累常见的同义替换词汇和短语，建立起自己的词汇同义库，提升答题速度和准确率。 排除干扰项：干扰项的设置通常会在时间、条件、程度等方面与原文信息产生偏差。如 A 项 “daily” 与原文 “every weekend” 在时间频率上相互矛盾，这种明显的时间不符是排除该选项的重要依据；C 项 “Have gardening experience” 在原文中是 “preferred”（优先考虑），而题目问的是 “required”（必需的），条件性质发生了改变；D 项 “weekly” 与原文 “documenting the growth” 相比，原文并未提及记录生长情况的频率，属于无中生有的干扰信息。在答题时，要逐条对比选项与原文，找出这些细微的差异，通过排除法缩小正确答案的范围，从而选出最符合原文的选项。 三、数字逻辑梳理法（适用于数字计算题） 【操作技巧】 针对时间、年龄、数量等数字考点，考生应建立 "三查" 解题机制。首先，使用荧光笔或下划线快速标记原文中的精确数字（如年份、价格、百分比）和模糊数字（如 approximately、nearly）；其次，重点圈画数字前后的限定词（before/after、increase/decrease、double/triple），明确计算方向；最后，整理关键信息形成简易计算式（如 A=B+C×2），避免因单位换算（$ vs ¥）、时间跨度（BC/AD）等陷阱失分。例如，若题目问 "2023 年销售额较 2022 年下降比例"，需同时锁定两个年份的数值及表示下降的关键词 "decline by"，结合公式（2022 年数值 - 2023 年数值）÷2022 年数值 ×100% 得出答案。 【阅读语段】 The Habitat Restoration Team welcomes volunteers aged 16 and above. For participants under 18, a parent’s written consent is required. The program runs from March 1st to November 30th, with a two-week break in August. Each volunteer must complete at least 40 hours of service during the program period. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 16 B. 18 C. 14 D. 20 【技巧分析】 锁定数字区间：在解答细节理解题时，若题干出现 “lower age limit”（最低年龄限制）这类明确的关键词，应立即启动快速定位机制。通过扫读原文，迅速捕捉到 “aged 16 and above” 这一关键信息。在阅读过程中，建议采用 “关键词高亮法”，用铅笔将题干关键词在原文中标记出来，形成视觉焦点，确保信息抓取的准确性与高效性。 排除干扰数字：当原文中同时出现 “aged 16 and above” 和 “under 18” 等多个数字信息时，考生需保持清醒的逻辑判断。其中，“under 18” 后往往伴随 “require parental consent”（需家长同意）等附加条件说明，这表明 “under 18” 并非核心的年龄限制条件，而是针对特定人群的补充要求。通过对句子结构和语义逻辑的分析，可快速将包含 “under 18” 的选项（如 B 项）从正确答案中排除，缩小选择范围。 验证结论：在确认 “16 and above” 为正确答案依据后，还需进行二次验证。可通过 “逆向推理法”，即将选项 A 的内容代入原文语境，检查是否符合题干要求。由于 “16 and above” 明确界定了最低年龄为 16 岁，与选项 A 完全匹配，且无需进行复杂的数学计算，只需精准把握数字信息与附加条件的逻辑关系，即可确保答案的正确性。 四、长难句拆解定位法（适用于复杂细节题） 【操作技巧】 长难句常隐藏关键细节，需通过拆解从句、非谓语动词等结构，提炼主干信息。在实际解题过程中，考生可采用以下三步拆解法：首先，利用标点符号（如逗号、分号）和连接词（that, which, when 等）划分句子层次；其次，重点关注非谓语动词（doing/done/to do）在句中的功能，判断其是作定语、状语还是补语；最后，剥离修饰成分，提取主谓宾核心结构。例如，在处理 "Although the newly developed technology, which was initially designed for medical research, shows great potential in environmental monitoring, its high cost remains a major obstacle" 这类复合句时，通过标记从句（which was initially designed for medical research）和让步状语（Although...monitoring），快速锁定主句主干 "its high cost remains a major obstacle"，精准匹配题目中的细节描述。 【阅读语段】 The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found that the more parents elaborated on a toy’s features or asked open-ended questions (like “What do you think this could be used for?”), the more engaged and responsive the children became. What made children more engaged during activities? A. Toys with complex features. B. Parents’ detailed explanations and open questions. C. Video recordings of their interactions. D. Everyday activities at home. 【技巧分析】 拆解长难句结构：在处理高考英语阅读理解的细节题时，遇到长难句需迅速剖析其结构。以 “The researchers analyzed... and found that...” 为例，此句主句采用 “分析并发现” 的逻辑结构，核心信息蕴藏于 that 引导的宾语从句中。从句运用 “the more..., the more...” 的经典比较级结构，构建起因果关系模型。前半部分 “parents elaborated on... or asked open-ended questions” 明确阐述了家长行为，这是触发后续结果的关键因素；后半部分 “children became more engaged” 则呈现出相应的结果，即孩子参与度提升。通过这样的拆解，句子的逻辑脉络和关键信息得以清晰呈现，为精准答题奠定基础。 定位关键信息：在完成长难句分析后，需将目光聚焦到选项与原文关键信息的匹配上。从句前半部分提及的 “elaborated on a toy’s features”，其中 “elaborated on” 意为详细阐述，与选项 B 中的 “detailed explanations” 形成精准的同义对应，都强调对玩具特征进行细致说明这一行为；“asked open-ended questions” 更是与选项内容完全一致，这些对应关系是锁定正确答案的重要依据。在实际答题过程中，考生应善于运用这种关键词匹配的方法，快速定位到与题目相关的有效信息。 排除次要信息：干扰选项往往会围绕文中的次要信息设置陷阱。A 项 “toys’ features” 仅仅是家长解释的对象，并非导致孩子参与度提升的原因，属于偏离核心逻辑的信息；C 项 “video recordings” 在原文中只是研究人员用于开展研究的工具，与题目所问的核心细节毫无关联；D 项 “everyday activities” 仅作为研究背景存在，同样不能作为解题的关键依据。通过对这些次要信息的识别和排除，能够有效避免被干扰项误导，从而提高答题的准确率。 五、是非判断排除法（适用于 True/False 题） 【操作技巧】 逐一比对选项与原文信息，排除 “无中生有”“偷换概念”“与原文相悖” 的干扰项。在实际解题过程中，可采用以下具体方法： 定位关键词：根据题干中的人名、地名、数字、专有名词等信息，快速锁定原文对应段落与句子，缩小信息检索范围。 无中生有辨析：选项内容在原文中完全未提及，即便逻辑合理，也属于无效信息，应果断排除。例如，原文仅阐述了某实验的过程，而选项中出现该实验的结果，此为典型无中生有。 偷换概念识别：关注选项是否对原文关键词进行替换、曲解或扩大缩小范围。如原文描述 “部分青少年”，选项却改为 “所有青少年”，需警惕此类陷阱。 矛盾内容甄别：将选项与原文逐字比对，若出现时间、地点、人物、事件等关键要素不一致，或观点态度相反的情况，即可判定为与原文相悖。 【阅读语段】 Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father’s wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father. “It’s an experimental model,” his father had explained, “so don’t touch it under any circumstances.” But his warning only served to make Mark more curious. Which of the following is true about Mark? A. He wanted to disobey his father on purpose. B. He was less curious than Jason. C. He dreamed of being a scientist. D. He had used the computer before. 【技巧分析】 逐一验证选项：在高考英语阅读理解中，细节理解题常通过对原文信息的巧妙变形来设置干扰选项。分析本题各选项时，需精准定位原文并对比细节差异。 A 项：原文 “his warning only served to make Mark more curious” 清晰呈现出，马克产生后续行为是出于好奇心的驱使。而选项中 “故意 disobey（故意违抗）” 所表达的动机与原文截然不同，属于典型的偷换动机陷阱，因此该项不符合原文，应予以排除。 B 项：从原文 “Mark was more adventurous”“more curious” 能够明确得知，马克具有较强的冒险精神和好奇心。但该选项表述为 “less curious”，与原文所传达的信息完全相悖，直接与原文事实冲突，所以此选项也需排除。 C 项：经过仔细比对，该项内容与原文 “his aim was to become a scientist like his father” 完全匹配，在内容和语义上都不存在任何偏差，属于正确且符合原文的选项，故应保留。 D 项：通览原文可以发现，其中并没有任何关于 “had used the computer before” 的相关描述。该选项凭空创造出这样的信息，属于无中生有的错误类型，同样需要排除。 确定答案：通过对 A、B、D 三项的逐一分析与排除，利用排除法可以清晰地得出，仅剩 C 项与原文内容相符，因此本题答案为 C 项。 六、顺序定位法（适用于段落连贯型细节题） 【操作技巧】 高考英语阅读理解的细节理解题具有明显的顺序性特征，命题人通常会按照原文的行文顺序设置题目。这一规律为考生提供了高效定位答案的捷径 —— 只需依据题干序号，结合段落顺序锁定相应的文本区间，即可快速缩小搜索范围。例如，若第 1 题答案出自文章前两段，那么第 2 题答案大概率在第三、四段。通过这种方法，考生能够避免盲目通读全文，节省宝贵的考试时间，同时精准定位关键信息，显著提升答题效率与正确率。 【阅读语段】 ① Urban beekeeping has become increasingly popular in recent years. Many cities now allow beehives on rooftops, and some even offer training programs for new beekeepers. ② The main reason for this trend is growing concern about honeybee populations, which have declined sharply over the past decade. ③ Experts say urban areas provide a diverse range of flowering plants, making them ideal habitats for bees. ④ In addition, urban beekeeping helps raise public awareness about environmental protection. Why has urban beekeeping become popular? (Para. 2) What do experts think of urban areas for bees? (Para. 3) 【技巧分析】 利用顺序原则，精准定位答案：高考英语阅读理解的细节理解题通常遵循题文同序原则，即题目出现的顺序与文本信息的先后顺序基本一致。以第 31 题为例，题干提问 “why popular”，并标注对应原文第②段（Para. 2）。考生可快速锁定该段落，通过扫读定位到 “main reason for this trend” 这一关键表述，由此得出答案为 “concern about honeybee populations decline”。在此过程中，建议使用荧光笔标记题干关键词，如 “popular” “main reason”，并在原文中圈出同义替换词（如 “trend” 指代前文现象），确保答案选择有据可依。 巧用顺序规律，高效推进答题：完成上一题后，第 32 题可顺延定位至第③段（Para. 3）。基于题文同序原则，考生无需逐句精读，而是通过快速浏览段落首句、转折句（如 “however” “but” 引导的句子）和数据信息，定位到 “Experts say urban areas provide... ideal habitats for bees”。此句直接回应题目设问，通过对比选项关键词（如 “urban areas” “ideal habitats”），可快速锁定正确答案。这种方法能大幅缩短答题时间，尤其适合段落密集、信息量大的文本。 题文同序策略的核心优势：采用题文同序定位法，可显著提升答题效率与准确率。一方面，考生无需反复回溯前文，避免因重复阅读消耗时间；另一方面，当遇到多道连续考查细节的题目时，该策略能帮助考生建立清晰的答题逻辑，减少因信息混淆导致的失误。例如，若文本中有 3 - 4 道细节题连续出现，严格按照顺序定位，可将单题平均答题时间缩短至 1 - 1.5 分钟，为后续复杂题型（如主旨题、推理题）预留充足时间。 突破演练 1 My husband, children and I were in Hawaii. Here, we were introduced to the ancient Hawaiian concept of mālama (to care for) which encourages visitors to give back to the environment and local communities through activities like habitat restoration, beach cleanups or food provision. But mālama goes beyond eco-tourism — it’s about leaving a place better than you found it. And after seeking out these experiences during a three-week stay, we found mālama not only improves Hawaii, but it also made our time there much more meaningful. Mālama volunteer experiences are found across the islands. For example, on Maui, you can help restore native forests and volunteer at a nursery; while on O’ahu, visitors can clear invasive algae from Maunalua Bay. In some cases, travelers booking with partnering hotels and participating in designated activities will qualify for a discounted — or even free — night at dozens of hotels and resorts. “Mālama today is more vital than ever,” our guide Rogers said. “Too many tourists walk carelessly on our land, ignoring restrictions and damaging sensitive ecosystems... don’t just think Hawaii is beautiful; help keep it that way. It’s a shared responsibility.” As Rogers explained, mālama isn’t just about seeing or appreciating a landscape; it invites visitors to connect and contribute to it, with the idea that caring for a place fosters a stronger relationship with it. After eight days, we ventured to Molokai, Hawaii’s least developed island. No resorts or chain stores spoiled its wild beauty — just dramatic cliffs meeting rough seas. Deep in the eastern wilderness, we met Greg Solatario, whose family has taken care of this land for generations. His simple off-grid life perfectly embodied mālama. Greg welcomed us warmly before leading us through jungle-covered ruins of ancestral villages. As we approached, his son Devak blew a conch shell — a traditional request to enter. “The land remembers,” Greg explained, showing us medicinal plants and ancient fishing spots. His parting words stayed with me: “Mālama shouldn’t be just Hawaiian — the whole world needs this way of caring.” 1．How does the author present the topic in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By giving examples. C．By explaining a concept. D．By providing statistics. 2．What can Mālama volunteers experience in Hawaii? A．Developing Maunalua Bay. B．Reviving local forests. C．Asking for hotel discounts. D．Organizing big activities. 3．What do we know about Greg Solatario’s family? A．They built new resorts in the wild. B．They have long protected the land. C．They offered guided tours to locals. D．They fixed up the old village ruins. 4．Which of the following best describes the author’s trip in Hawaii? A．The wise improve what they enjoy. B．Where there is a will, there is a way. C．God helps those who help themselves. D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者一家在夏威夷旅行时，接触到古老的夏威夷“mālama(关爱)”理念，通过参与栖息地修复、森林恢复等相关志愿活动，既为当地环境和社区作出贡献，也让自身旅行更具意义，还介绍了不同岛屿的mālama实践及当地人对该理念的解读。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Here, we were introduced to the ancient Hawaiian concept of mālama (to care for) which encourages visitors to give back to the environment and local communities through activities like habitat restoration, beach cleanups or food provision. But mālama goes beyond eco-tourism — it’s about leaving a place better than you found it.(在这里，我们了解到古老的夏威夷“mālama(关爱)”理念，该理念鼓励游客通过栖息地修复、海滩清理或物资供给等活动，回馈环境和当地社区。但mālama不止于生态旅游——它意味着让一个地方比你发现它时更好。)”可知，作者在第一段围绕mālama理念，先介绍其定义，再说明其内涵，是通过解释概念来呈现主题的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Mālama volunteer experiences are found across the islands. For example, on Maui, you can help restore native forests and volunteer at a nursery; while on O’ahu, visitors can clear invasive algae from Maunalua Bay.(在夏威夷群岛，随处可见mālama志愿者体验活动。例如在毛伊岛，您可以参与修复原生森林，或在植物苗圃担任志愿者；而在瓦胡岛，游客可以清理马努努阿湾的入侵藻类。)”可知，mālama志愿者能参与恢复当地森林的活动。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“we met Greg Solatario, whose family has taken care of this land for generations.(我们见到了格雷格・索拉塔里奥，他的家族世世代代都在照料这片土地。)”可知，格雷格的家族长期保护这片土地。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“My husband, children and I were in Hawaii. Here, we were introduced to the ancient Hawaiian concept of mālama (to care for) which encourages visitors to give back to the environment and local communities through activities like habitat restoration, beach cleanups or food provision. But mālama goes beyond eco-tourism — it’s about leaving a place better than you found it.(我们全家在夏威夷旅行时，接触到了古老的“mālama(关爱)”理念。这个概念倡导游客通过修复生态栖息地、清洁海滩、捐赠食物等方式回馈当地环境与社区。但mālama的内涵远不止于生态旅游——其核心在于让每个到访之地因你的到来而变得更加美好)”可知，文章核心是作者一家践行mālama理念，通过志愿活动让夏威夷(他们所喜爱的旅行地)变得更好，同时自身旅行也更有意义，体现“改善所喜爱的事物”的内涵。选项 A“The wise improve what they enjoy(智者会改善他们所喜爱的事物)”符合这一主旨。故选A。 2 It can take an entire village to grow a new-age garden. That’s what 42-year-old Shyju Machathi, a policeman living in Kannapuram in the Southern Indian state of Kerala, found out when his town was declared an “Indigenous Mango Heritage Area” by the Kerala State Biodiversity Board in 2020. The honour came after the villagers had got together to grow over 200 native species of mangoes, sourced from surrounding towns and villages, preserving diverse varieties that were in danger of dying out. The technique that made it possible, Machathi says, is the age-old art of grafting (嫁接). He started experimenting with the technique in July, 2016, despite no formal training in farming, after an unfortunate incident shook the town of Kannapuram. A neighbour had cut down a 200-year-old mango tree known locally as Vellathan, which grew in his home. “The tree produced the sweetest mangoes I’ve ever tasted,” says Machathi. “It was beautiful, a native variety that was very rare.” But it was also undeniably old. Parts of the large tree would come crashing to the ground, making it so perilous that the neighbour decided that it needed to be cut down for his peace of mind. Staring at the wasted branches the next morning, Machathi felt a deep sense of loss. “The tree was so much a part of our growing years and the landscape of our lives that we were all just shocked over losing it overnight,” says Machathi. Then he reached out to a friend who was working as an agricultural officer. There was a way to save the tree, his friend said. If they could graft parts of the tree onto a growing mango plant with a strong root, they could regenerate the old tree and one day, taste its exquisite fruit again. “We then grafted 50 parts of that old tree onto strong rootstock (根茎) and managed to prevent it from dying out entirely,” says Machathi. “All of those trees are still alive — it felt like we’d saved rare treasure.” 1．What made the town of Kannapuram honoured in 2020? A．Owning more gardens than other towns. B．Stopping a rare mango tree from dying. C．Developing a new grafting technique. D．Preserving native mango species. 2．What does the underlined word “perilous” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Valueless. B．Risky. C．Thick. D．Disease. 3．What did the old mango tree mean to Machathi? A．It brought him inner peace. B．It witnessed his childhood. C．It made his home beautiful. D．It saved him from starving. 4．Which words can best describe Machathi? A．Friendly and courageous. B．Helpful and experienced. C．Resourceful and determined. D．Proud and independent. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了印度喀拉拉邦坎纳普拉姆镇的警察Shyju Machathi，因邻居砍倒200年树龄的稀有芒果树而萌生保护本土芒果品种的想法，通过嫁接技术联合村民培育200多种原生芒果，最终让小镇获评“本土芒果遗产区”的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The honour came after the villagers had got together to grow over 200 native species of mangoes, sourced from surrounding towns and villages, preserving diverse varieties that were in danger of dying out (这份荣誉源于村民们齐心协力，种植了从周边村镇收集的200多种本土芒果品种，保护了那些濒临灭绝的多样品种)”可知，小镇获得荣誉的原因是保护本土芒果品种。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Parts of the large tree would come crashing to the ground, making it so perilous that the neighbour decided that it needed to be cut down for his peace of mind (这棵大树的部分枝干会突然砸落到地上，情况变得如此“perilous”，以至于邻居为了安心，决定必须砍掉它)“可知，“枝干掉落”是危险情况，故“perilous”意为“有风险的”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“The tree was so much a part of our growing years and the landscape of our lives that we were all just shocked over losing it overnight (这棵树是我们成长岁月中如此重要的一部分，也是我们生活场景的一部分，以至于我们都对一夜之间失去它感到震惊)”可知，老芒果树见证了Machathi的童年（成长岁月）。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“despite no formal training in farming (尽管没有接受过正式的农业培训)“以及第五段“Then he reached out to a friend who was working as an agricultural officer.(随后，他联系了一位任职于农业部门的官员朋友)”可知，尽管没有接受过正式的农业培训，他主动联系农业官员朋友寻求方法，体现“足智多谋”；根据最后一段““We then grafted 50 parts of that old tree onto strong rootstock (根茎) and managed to prevent it from dying out entirely,” says Machathi.(Machathi表示：“随后，我们将那棵老树的50个枝条嫁接到强健的根茎上，成功阻止了这个品种彻底灭绝”)”可知，后续他成功嫁接50个树枝、带动村民保护 200 多种芒果，体现他“有决心”。故选C。 3 Kristina Smithe was running the California International Marathon in 2019, drinking cups of water at an aid station, when she started to think about how much waste such events produce. On the flight home, she did the math: 9,000 runners, 17 aid stations and something like 150,000 cups used once and thrown away. That gave her an idea for something more sustainable-a lightweight silicone (硅胶) cup that could be used again and again. After working out a design, Smith e ordered some cups and tested them at a race in 2021. Now her business, Hiccup Earth, has 70,000 cups that can be rented out to interested races to replace the typical white paper cups. Billions of disposable (一次性的) cups are used around the world each year. These cups are often made of plastic, but even if they are made of paper, they typically have a plastic lining that makes it difficult for them to biodegrade (生物降解). Making these cups, and disposing or burning them, also generates planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions. “It’s something that generates a lot of waste, and the waste — depending on what exactly it’s made of — can really last in landfills for hundreds of years,” said Sarah Gleeson, an expert at climate nonprofit Project Drawdown. Now, Smithe rents out thousands of reusable cups, driving them to events in big boxes and leaving recycling bins with the company logo for collection after use. By the start of May this year, Smithe estimated she’s taken her cups to 137 races and spared more than 900,000 disposable ones from the landfills. Gleeson sees the reusable cups as an effective way that innovators are looking to cut down on waste. Such solutions often have to be rooted in convenience and grounded in local or small applications to get more people to adopt them. Some cities, for instance, are experimenting with reusable food takeout containers that customers return to nearby recycling bins later on. High adoption of sustainable solutions really maximizes environmental benefits. 1．What inspired Smithe’s business idea? A．The popularity of lightweight cups. B．The disposable cups in the Marathon. C．Runners’ demands for quality cups. D．Insufficient cup supply at aid stations. 2．Why does the author mention Sarah Gleeson’s words in paragraph 3? A．To illustrate the growing global warming. B．To highlight the value of waste sorting. C．To show the determining factor of pollution. D．To stress the necessity of reducing plastic waste. 3．What is Hiccup Earth’s primary service? A．Selling reusable cups directly to runners. B．Donating silicone cups to race organizers. C．Renting recyclable cups to sports events. D．Offering eco-friendly materials to cup producers. 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To call on more sustainable practice. B．To analyze potential challenges. C．To compare waste reduction measures. D．To introduce another innovation. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Kristina Smithe在参加马拉松比赛时，受到一次性杯子浪费现象的启发，创立了Hiccup Earth公司，提供可重复使用的硅胶杯以减少浪费。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Kristina Smithe was running the California International Marathon in 2011, drinking cups of water at an aid station, when she started to think about how much waste such events produce. On the flight home, she did the math: 1,000 runners, 17 aid stations and something like 150,000 cups used once and thrown away.(2011年，Kristina Smithe在参加加州国际马拉松比赛时，在补给站喝了几杯水，她开始思考这样的活动会产生多少垃圾。在回家的飞机上，她算了一笔账：1000名跑步者，17个补给站，大约15万只一次性杯子用过就被扔掉了)”和第二段中“That gave her an idea for something more sustainable — a lightweight silicone (硅胶) cup that could be used again and again.(这让她想到了一个更可持续的主意——一个可以反复使用的轻便硅胶杯)”可知，Smithe是在马拉松比赛中看到一次性杯子的浪费现象后，受到启发产生了可重复使用杯子的商业想法。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“These cups are often made of plastic, but even if they are made of paper, they typically have a plastic lining that makes it difficult for them to biodegrade (生物降解). Making these cups, and disposing or burning them, also generates planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions. “It’s something that generates a lot of waste, and the waste — depending on what exactly it’s made of — can really last in landfills for hundreds of years,” said Sarah Gleeson, an expert at climate nonprofit Project Drawdown.(这些杯子通常由塑料制成，即便使用纸制品，其内壁也往往覆有塑料膜，导致难以生物降解。无论是生产过程，还是丢弃焚烧这些杯子，都会产生导致全球变暖的温室气体。非营利气候组织“项目减排”专家Sarah Gleeson指出：“这类物品产生大量废弃物，根据具体材质不同，可能在垃圾填埋场存留数百年之久。”)”可知，作者提到Sarah Gleeson的话是为了强调一次性杯子造成的浪费和污染问题，从而凸显减少塑料垃圾的必要性。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now her business, Hiccup Earth, has 70,000 cups that can be rented out to interested races to replace the typical white paper cups.(现在，她的公司Hiccup Earth有7万个杯子可以出租给感兴趣的比赛，以取代典型的白色纸杯)”和第四段中“Now, Smithe rents out thousands of reusable cups, driving them to events in big boxes and leaving recycling bins with the company logo for collection after use.(现在，Smithe出租了数千个可重复使用的杯子，用大箱子把它们运到活动现场，并留下带有公司标志的回收箱，以便使用后收集)”可知，Hiccup Earth的主要业务是将可回收杯子租给体育赛事。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Such solutions often have to be rooted in convenience and grounded in local or small applications to get more people to adopt them. Some cities, for instance, are experimenting with reusable food takeout containers that customers return to nearby recycling bins later on. High adoption of sustainable solutions really maximizes environmental benefits.(可循环使用杯是创新者寻求减少废弃物的重要途径。这类解决方案必须立足便捷性，扎根地方性或小范围应用，才能提升公众接受度。例如，某些城市正在试点可循环外卖餐盒计划，顾客可将使用后的餐盒投递至附近的回收箱。当可持续方案获得广泛采纳时，环境效益才能真正实现最大化)”可知，最后一段旨在呼吁采用更多可持续的做法，比如循环外卖餐盒，以最大化环境效益。故选A项。 4 In an ambitious move that could change how important goods are transported around the world, a private company named Inversion has introduced its “Arc” spacecraft. The goal of this reusable, self-flying vehicle is to store supplies in orbit and then achieve something never done before: deliver urgent materials from space to any location on Earth in under an hour. This new ability could completely change the speed of global logistics (快速物流系统), offering a powerful new tool for the U. S. military and its partners to respond to emergencies with unmatched efficiency. The Arc spacecraft is relatively small, measuring 8 feet long and 4 feet wide. However, its design is highly advanced. It is built to be very stable and easy to control, especially when flying back through the atmosphere at incredible speeds. This allows it to travel long distances and land with great accuracy using a special parachute system. The leader of the company imagines a future where a large network of these spacecraft provides a fast and reliable delivery service that works anywhere on the planet. The company is making steady progress toward this goal. Before building Arc, they first tested a smaller model in space to prove that the main ideas would work. Learning from that experience, the team is now working hard to get the actual Arc vehicle ready for its first space mission, which is planned for 2026. They have already built a full-sized model, done many practice landing tests, and are working with NASA to create a strong new heat shield to protect the spacecraft from the extreme heat of re-entering the atmosphere. Inversion is part of a larger trend. Other companies are also entering this new field. For example, some are creating capsules that can act as mini-factories in space to produce special medicines, while others are building reusable containers that can return supplies to Earth in about 90 minutes. This growing competition confirms that using space for fast logistics is becoming a real possibility, suggesting that a new era of super-fast delivery from orbit may be closer than we think. 1．What is the goal of the Arc spacecraft? A．To transport passengers into Earth’s orbit. B．To complete its first mission successfully by 2025. C．To achieve extremely fast goods delivery from space. D．To become the only spacecraft returning from orbit. 2．How is the Arc spacecraft designed to achieve accurate landings? A．By flying at slow speeds. B．By using a special parachute system. C．By landing only at prepared spaceports. D．By being controlled by pilots on the ground. 3．What is implied about the industry from the last paragraph? A．The Arc spacecraft has no unique advantages. B．Most companies have given up on similar projects. C．Inversion’s technology is far behind its competitors. D．The concept of space-based logistics is gaining acceptance. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The intense competition in the field of space logistics. B．The partnership between a private company and NASA． C．A technical challenge of designing a reusable spacecraft. D．A new spacecraft’s potential to change global delivery systems. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了私人公司Inversion推出Arc航天器，可一小时内从太空向地球任意处送紧急物资，正推进相关测试，及其行业动态显太空物流或成新趋势。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The goal of this reusable, self-flying vehicle is to store supplies in orbit and then achieve something never done before: deliver urgent materials from space to any location on Earth in under an hour. (这种可重复使用的自动驾驶飞行器，其目标是在轨道上储存物资，随后实现一项前所未有的突破：在一小时内将紧急物资从太空运送到地球上的任何地点。)”可知，Arc航天器的核心目标是在一小时内将紧急物资从太空送达地球任意位置。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“This allows it to travel long distances and land with great accuracy using a special parachute system. (这使得它能够长途飞行，并借助一套特殊的降落伞系统实现高精度着陆。)”可知，Arc航天器通过特殊降落伞系统实现精确着陆。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inversion is part of a larger trend. Other companies are also entering this new field. For example, some are creating capsules that can act as mini-factories in space to produce special medicines, while others are building reusable containers that can return supplies to Earth in about 90 minutes. This growing competition confirms that using space for fast logistics is becoming a real possibility, suggesting that a new era of super-fast delivery from orbit may be closer than we think.(Inversion是一个更广泛趋势的组成部分。其他企业也在进军这一新兴领域：例如，部分企业正在研发可作为“太空微型工厂”的密封舱，用于生产特殊药品；另有企业则在打造可重复使用的容器，这类容器能在约90分钟内将物资送回地球。这种日益激烈的竞争表明，“利用太空实现快速物流”正从构想走向现实 —— 这意味着，依托轨道实现超快速配送的新时代，或许比我们想象的更近。)”可知，越来越多公司涉足太空物流领域，说明“天基物流”的概念正获得行业认可。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In an ambitious move that could change how important goods are transported around the world, a private company named Inversion has introduced its “Arc” spacecraft.(私人公司Inversion推出了名为“Arc”的航天器，这一雄心勃勃的举措可能会改变全球重要物资的运输方式。)”及全文内容可知，文章核心围绕Arc航天器展开，重点阐述其“一小时内从太空送物资到地球”的能力，以及对全球物流系统的潜在改变。故选D项。 5 James Rebanks is a farmer who shepherds (放牧) sheep into grassland and words into books. He has a gift for showing the charm of his surroundings and the difficulties of his work, and for addressing the complex issues farmers face today. His book Pastoral Song, like his first bestseller The Shepherd’s Life, attracts readers with rich descriptions of England’s Lake District and Cumbrian hills, where his family has farmed for 600 years. However, it goes beyond just praise for the landscape. Inspired by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, Rebanks’ new book urgently conveys how the drive for cheap, mass-produced food has impoverished (使贫穷，使贫瘠) both small farmers and the soil, threatening humanity’s future. Rebanks hopes to help change this dangerous trend, not just by the environmental measures he has taken on his small family farm, but also through his books. Rebanks divides Pastoral Song into three sections: “Nostalgia” (怀旧) reflects on the hard but satisfying patterns of traditional farming in his grandfather’s time. “Progress”— an ironic tone— describes the new push for efficiency and increased production. Finally, there’s “Utopia”, which offers a more hopeful expectation. Rebanks describes the efforts he and his wife have taken to restore their land with the help of environmental organizers and conservation groups. They have reduced or avoided drugs and chemicals, bought feed and planted thousands of trees to renew the soil and reintroduce endangered plant species. “It isn’t a recipe for an easy life,” Rebanks admits. Nor for a profitable one; in addition to support from the government, he still needs a source of income outside the farm, which likely comes from his writing. But he hopes that his four children and their future generations will be proud of “the generation that was brave enough to face up to our own mistakes.” Pastoral Song is a call for “finding a balance” by using the land and animals responsibly and sustainably and considering long-term influences. Rebanks writes, “We can build a new English country lifestyle. Not a utopia, but somewhere decent for us all.” 1．What can we infer about Pastoral Song? A．It criticizes industrial farming. B．It focuses on landscape description. C．It introduces methods of family farming. D．It predicts future farming technologies. 2．Why is Silent Spring mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To highlight its literary value. B．To explain Rebanks’ inspiration. C．To show the struggles of farmers. D．To compare it with Pastoral Song. 3．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Writing a book. B．Mass-producing food. C．Seeking government support. D．Adopting sustainable farming. 4．Which of the following can best describe Rebanks? A．Courageous and kind. B．Positive and generous. C．Determined and practical. D．Devoted and flexible. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了农民兼作家James Rebanks及其著作《田园牧歌》，介绍了书中对乡村的描写、对粮食生产问题的探讨，以及作者通过农场实践和书籍呼吁可持续农耕的事。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Inspired by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, Rebanks’ new book urgently conveys how the drive for cheap, mass-produced food has impoverished (使贫穷，使贫瘠) both small farmers and the soil, threatening humanity’s future.(受Rachel Carson《寂静的春天》的启发，Rebanks在新书中迫切地指出：对廉价、大规模生产粮食的追求，不仅让小农户陷入困境，也使土壤变得贫瘠，更威胁着人类的未来)”可知，《田园牧歌》指出大规模量产粮食的追求带来的问题，隐含对工业化农业的批判。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Inspired by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, Rebanks’ new book urgently conveys how the drive for cheap, mass-produced food has impoverished (使贫穷，使贫瘠) both small farmers and the soil, threatening humanity’s future.(受Rachel Carson《寂静的春天》的启发，Rebanks在新书中迫切地指出：对廉价、大规模生产粮食的追求，不仅让小农户陷入困境，也使土壤变得贫瘠，更威胁着人类的未来)”可推知，提及《寂静的春天》是为了说明Rebanks创作《田园牧歌》的灵感来源。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Rebanks describes the efforts he and his wife have taken to restore their land with the help of environmental organizers and conservation groups. They have reduced or avoided drugs and chemicals, bought feed and planted thousands of trees to renew the soil and reintroduce endangered plant species.( Rebanks还讲述了他与妻子在环保组织和自然资源保护团体的帮助下，努力恢复土地活力的过程。他们减少或避免使用药物与化学品，购置饲料，并种植了数千棵树木，以修复土壤、重新引入濒危植物物种)”可知，这些内容都是Rebanks夫妇采取的可持续农耕措施。由此可知，“it”指的正是前文提到的“采用可持续农耕”这一行为。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Rebanks hopes to help change this dangerous trend, not just by the environmental measures he has taken on his small family farm, but also through his books. (Rebanks希望改变这一危险趋势，为此，他不仅在自家小农场采取环保措施，也通过写书发声)”以及第三段“Rebanks describes the efforts he and his wife have taken to restore their land with the help of environmental organizers and conservation groups. They have reduced or avoided drugs and chemicals, bought feed and planted thousands of trees to renew the soil and reintroduce endangered plant species.( Rebanks还讲述了他与妻子在环保组织和自然资源保护团体的帮助下，努力恢复土地活力的过程。他们减少或避免使用药物与化学品，购置饲料，并种植了数千棵树木，以修复土壤、重新引入濒危植物物种)”可知，Rebanks坚持在农场采取可持续措施（减少化学品使用、修复土壤），还通过写书呼吁改变农业现状，即便过程艰辛且收益有限仍不放弃，体现其坚定；再根据文章第四段““It isn’t a recipe for an easy life,” Rebanks admits. Nor for a profitable one; in addition to support from the government, he still needs a source of income outside the farm, which likely comes from his writing. But he hopes that his four children and their future generations will be proud of “the generation that was brave enough to face up to our own mistakes.”(“这绝非通往安逸生活的捷径，” Rebanks坦言，“也赚不到什么钱”。除了政府补贴，他仍需依靠农场之外的收入来源——这很可能来自他的写作。但他希望，自己的四个孩子及后代会为“敢于正视自身错误的这一代人”感到骄傲)”可知，Rebanks既靠农场实践落实环保理念，又借助写作获取额外收入、扩大影响力，用实际行动推进目标，体现其务实。故选C。 6 To see the divide between the best artificial intelligence and the mental capabilities of a seven-year-old child, look no further than the popular video game Minecraft. A child can learn to find a rare diamond in the game after watching a short YouTube video, while AI still struggles with the same task. However, a unique computing competition aims to narrow this gap and in the process, reduce the computing power required to train AIs. Competitors have up to four days and eight million steps to train their AIs to find a diamond. Although this is much longer than a child would need, it is significantly faster than typical AI training today. The contest promotes imitation learning, a method that imitates how humans or other AIs perform a task. This contrasts with reinforcement learning, which relies on trial and error — trying countless random actions to identify the best approach. While reinforcement (强化) learning has achieved successes like improving Netflix recommendations and mastering games, it demands enormous computational (计算的)resources and time. For instance, training AI to drive a car or win at complex games like Go has required simulations (模仿)equal to hundreds of years of computation — a cost only accessible to deep-pocketed organizations. Imitation learning offers a more efficient alternative. The MineRL Competition encourages participants to use this technique to teach AI to play Minecraft. According to William Guss, who leads the event, reinforcement learning alone would fail under the competition’s rules — an AI might only chop down a tree within the step limit, which is just one step toward making the tool needed to mine diamonds. Sponsored by Microsoft, the competition aims to inspire advances in imitation learning that extend beyond gaming. Improving this approach could help AIs interact more effectively with humans and operate in complex, uncertain environments. As Oriol Vinyals of Google DeepMind notes, imitation learning is core to intelligence — it allows rapid learning without starting from scratch. 1．What is one key advantage of imitation learning over reinforcement learning? A．It is less resource-intensive. B．It relies entirely on random actions. C．It requires more computing power. D．It only works well in simple games. 2．What does the word “deep-pocketed” in paragraph 3 mean? A．highly-intelligent B．well-funded C．widely-respected D．newly-discovered 3．What is the broader goal of the MineRL competition beyond success in Minecraft? A．To develop new video games for Microsoft. B．To eliminate the use of reinforcement learning. C．To motivate children to learn programming via games. D．To help AI interact better with humans and function better. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Outlining Microsoft’s Plans for Future AI B．Minecraft: A Child’s Game, AI’s nightmare C．Teaching AI Through Imitation: A Minecraft Challenge D．Using Reinforcement Learning to Train Smarter AI 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通过《我的世界》MineRL竞赛，推广模仿学习以缩小AI与人类心智差距、降低AI训练成本，并推动该技术在游戏外领域应用的事。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“While reinforcement (强化) learning has achieved successes like improving Netflix recommendations and mastering games, it demands enormous computational (计算的) resources and time.(虽然强化学习已取得诸多成果，比如优化Netflix的推荐算法、让人工智能精通各类游戏，但它需要消耗巨额的计算资源和时间。)”以及第四段“Imitation learning offers a more efficient alternative.(模仿学习则提供了一种更高效的替代方案。)”可知，模仿学习相比强化学习的一个关键优势是资源消耗更低。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“For instance, training AI to drive a car or win at complex games like Go has required simulations (模仿) equal to hundreds of years of computation— a cost only accessible to deep-pocketed organizations.(例如，训练人工智能开车或在Go这类复杂游戏中获胜，所需的模拟运算量相当于数百年的计算时长，这样的成本只有deep-pocketed机构才能承担。)”可知，前文提到强化学习需要巨额计算成本，而“deep-pocketed”修饰的是“能够承担这一成本的机构”，结合语境可推断其意为“资金雄厚的”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Sponsored by Microsoft, the competition aims to inspire advances in imitation learning that extend beyond gaming. Improving this approach could help AIs interact more effectively with humans and operate in complex, uncertain environments.(该竞赛由微软赞助，旨在激发模仿学习领域的进步，使其超越游戏领域。改进这种方法可以帮助人工智能更有效地与人类互动，并在复杂、不确定的环境中运作。)”可知，MineRL竞赛在《我的世界》游戏之外的更广泛目标，是助力人工智能更好地与人类互动、在复杂环境中更高效运行。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Sponsored by Microsoft, the competition aims to inspire advances in imitation learning that extend beyond gaming. Improving this approach could help AIs interact more effectively with humans and operate in complex, uncertain environments. As Oriol Vinyals of Google DeepMind notes, imitation learning is core to intelligence—it allows rapid learning without starting from scratch.(该竞赛由微软赞助，旨在激发模仿学习领域的进步，使其超越游戏领域。改进这种方法可以帮助人工智能更有效地与人类互动，并在复杂、不确定的环境中运作。正如谷歌DeepMind的Oriol Vinyals所指出的那样，模仿学习是智能的核心——它允许快速学习，而无需从头开始。)”可知，文章主要讲述了通过《我的世界》MineRL竞赛推广模仿学习，以提升AI能力、降低训练成本。选项C“Teaching AI Through Imitation: A Minecraft Challenge(通过模仿教 AI：一场《我的世界》挑战赛)”精准概括全文核心，可以作为最佳标题。故选C。 7 "Regrets, I've had a few. But then again, too few to mention,” Frank Sinatra chanted in his 1969 hit "My Way”. The song's idea is attractive: that anyone can just declare what's done is done and move on. Some take the declaration a step further and claim they have no regrets at all. Whether a boast or an actual attitude, "no regrets” suggests that life can and should be lived without looking through the rear-view mirror. Easier said than done, though.Author Daniel H. Pink launched the World Regret Survey, the largest ever survey on the topic. With his research team, Pink asked more than 15,000 people in 105 countries, "How often do you look back on your life and wish you had done things differently?” 82% said regret is at least an occasional part of their life; roughly 21% said they feel regret "all the time.” Only 1% said they never feel regret. If you are of the "no regrets” type, you might think that all this regret is a recipe for unhappiness. But that isn't the case. True, being overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to the other extreme may be even worse. To rid yourself of regrets doesn't free you from shame or sorrow; it leads you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regret in its proper place. As uncomfortable as it is, regret is an amazing cognitive (认知) achievement. If today your relationship with your partner has soured, your regret might mentally take you back to last year. You would remember your being mean and sensitive, and then imagine yourself showing more patience, being kind instead of hurtful at key moments. Then you would fast-forward to today and see how your relationship could be progressing instead of languishing. But regret doesn't have to be left unmanaged. The trick is to acknowledge it and use it for learning and improvement. You can be honest with yourself about what went wrong and use that knowledge to enjoy better relationships in the future. 1．What should we do if we have had a bitter quarrel with a close friend according to Frank Sinatra? A．Attract more people to your argument. B．Send him/her a letter of apology. C．Boast about being more reasonable. D．Forget about it and just let it go. 2．Why did the author mention the World Regret Survey? A．To introduce the work of author Daniel H. Pink. B．To provide statistical evidence that regret is widespread. C．To show that the "no regrets” attitude is rare and unrealistic. D．To compare different people's attitudes towards regret. 3．What does the underlined word "languishing” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Improving. B．Healing. C．Showing up. D．Breaking up. 4．What does the author intend to tell us in this passage? A．"No regrets” is a realistic and healthy attitude towards life. B．It is better to feel overwhelming regret than to feel none at all. C．Regret can be beneficial if people know how to handle it properly. D．It is impossible and unwise for people to live a life without any regrets. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。生活中会有很多遗憾。太多遗憾会影响生活，但是没有遗憾的生活也不完整，我们应该从中吸取教训，继续前行，让自己的人生更成功。文章主要论述了对待遗憾的正确态度及其作用。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The song’s idea is attractive: that anyone can just declare what’s done is done and move on. Some take the declaration a step further and claim they have no regrets at all.(这首歌传达的理念颇具吸引力：任何人都可以宣称过往已成定局，然后继续前行。有些人更进一步，声称自己毫无遗憾)”可知，根据Frank Sinatra的观点，在与朋友争吵后，我们会忘了它，随它去。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Easier said than done, though.Author Daniel H. Pink launched the World Regret Survey, the largest ever survey on the topic. With his research team, Pink asked more than 15,000 people in 105 countries, “How often do you look back on your life and wish you had done things differently?” 82% said regret is at least an occasional part of their life; roughly 21% said they feel regret “all the time.” Only 1% said they never feel regret.(不过，这说起来容易做起来难。作家丹尼尔·H·平克（Daniel H. Pink）发起了“世界遗憾调查”，这是有史以来规模最大的关于遗憾的调查。平克和他的研究团队询问了来自105个国家的15000多人：“你回顾自己的人生时，有多经常希望自己当初的做法有所不同？”82%的人表示，遗憾至少偶尔会出现在他们的生活中；约21%的人表示，他们“一直”都感到遗憾。只有1%的人表示从未感到过遗憾)”可知，作者提到世界遗憾调查是为了通过详细数据表明“无悔”的态度是罕见的和不现实的。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。由文章第四段中“If today your relationship with your partner has soured, your regret might mentally take you back to last year. You would remember your being mean and sensitive, and then imagine yourself showing more patience, being kind instead of hurtful at key moments. Then you would fast-forward to today and see how your relationship could be progressing instead of languishing.(如果今天你和伴侣的关系恶化了，你的遗憾可能会在精神上把你带回到去年。你会记得自己既刻薄又敏感，然后想象自己在关键时刻表现出更多的耐心，变得善良而不是伤人。然后你会快进到今天，看看你们的关系是如何发展的，而不是languishing)”可知，instead of前后为转折关系，前文说关系需要有进展，而有进展的反面则是关系没有进展，进而结束关系，或者关系破裂，故推测languishing意为“关系结束，破裂”。与Breaking up“破裂”意思相符。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But regret doesn’t have to be left unmanaged. The trick is to acknowledge it and use it for learning and improvement. You can be honest with yourself about what went wrong and use that knowledge to enjoy better relationships in the future.(但遗憾并非无法管理。关键在于承认它，并利用它来学习和改进。你可以坦诚地面对自己哪里出了错，并利用这些知识在未来享受更好的人际关系)”可知，作者想在这篇文章中告诉我们如果人们知道如何正确处理后悔，它可能是有益的。故选C项。 8 In the digital era, where social media floods with ceaseless sharing, 26-year-old illustrator Lina from Hangzhou stands as a striking example. She regularly posts artworks and travel snapshots on Instagram but seldom replies to comments or engages in private conversations. “I love sharing fragments (碎片) of my life, yet building deep connections with strangers feels emotionally exhausting”, she admits. Lina’s attitude represents a growing trend among today’s youth: light socializing, a pattern that prioritizes self-expression over intensive emotional bonds in the virtual world. Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once a hub (中心) for developing relationships, has changed into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation. Instead of seeking active interactions, they share content like scenic photos or daily routines, with little expectation of feedback. Actions such as casually unfollowing, blocking strangers or using 24-hour disappearing posts show their wish to avoid burdensome “emotional labor” from shallow virtual ties. This shift comes from their desire to escape overwhelming pressure from empty digital interactions. While critics dismiss light socializing as a sign of “emotional coldness”, it actually reflects a thoughtful adaptation. Psychologist Lu Chen argues that by embracing this approach, young people regain control over their online space — sharing freely without the anxiety of meeting others’ expectations. Even social platforms have evolved to meet this need: many now offer “silent modes”, such as hidden interaction records and one-way posting features, acknowledging the widespread acceptance of light socializing. In a world tightly bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection. It is not a refusal of social bonds but a wise pursuit of healthier, more autonomous online engagement. This trend shows the younger generation’s maturity in safeguarding their mental well-being, representing a forward-looking and thoughtful approach to modern social interactions. 1．What does Lina do on social media? A．She only posts artworks. B．She shares life but skips deep chats. C．She never replies to comments. D．She focuses on building deep online bonds. 2．According to Min Li, what has social media become for young people now? A．A center for deep relationships. B．A platform for personal display. C．A tool to seek frequent interactions. D．A space to reduce pressure by virtual ties. 3．What can we infer about “light socializing”? A．It encourages safe online engagement. B．It makes young people emotionally cold. C．It relies mainly on platforms’ silent modes. D．It abandons social bonds to protect mental health. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Keep Silent Mode On B．Keep the Digital Distance C．Social Media: “Self-showcase” Platform D．Emotional Coldness: Online Life’s Secret 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章以26岁的杭州插画师Lina为例，阐述了在数字时代，年轻人在社交媒体上呈现出“轻社交”的趋势，即注重自我表达而非深度情感联系，这种趋势反映了年轻人对心理健康的守护，是一种有前瞻性和深思熟虑的现代社交互动方式。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“She regularly posts artworks and travel snapshots on Instagram but seldom replies to comments or engages in private conversations. “I love sharing fragments (碎片) of my life, yet building deep connections with strangers feels emotionally exhausting”, she admits.(她经常在Instagram上发布艺术作品和旅行照片，但很少回复评论或参与私人对话。“我喜欢分享我生活中的片段，但与陌生人建立深厚的联系在情感上让人筋疲力尽，”她承认)”可知，Lina在社交媒体上分享生活，但避免深度聊天。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once a hub (中心) for developing relationships, has changed into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation(社会学家李敏观察到，社交媒体曾经是发展关系的中心，现在已经变成了年轻一代的“自我展示”平台)”可知，根据李敏的说法，社交媒体现在已经成为年轻人个人展示的平台。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In a world tightly bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection. It is not a refusal of social bonds but a wise pursuit of healthier, more autonomous online engagement.(在一个被数字联系紧密束缚的世界里，轻社交在自我表达和隐私保护之间取得了微妙的平衡。这不是对社会关系的拒绝，而是对更健康、更自主的在线参与的明智追求)”可知，轻社交不是对社会关系的拒绝，而是对更健康、更自主的在线参与的明智追求。由此推知，“轻社交”鼓励安全的在线参与。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“She regularly posts artworks and travel snapshots on Instagram but seldom replies to comments or engages in private conversations. “I love sharing fragments (碎片) of my life, yet building deep connections with strangers feels emotionally exhausting”, she admits.(她经常在Instagram上发布艺术作品和旅行照片，但很少回复评论或参与私人对话。“我喜欢分享我生活中的片段，但与陌生人建立深厚的联系在情感上让人筋疲力尽，”她承认)”、第二段“Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once a hub (中心) for developing relationships, has changed into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation(社会学家李敏观察到，社交媒体曾经是发展关系的中心，现在已经变成了年轻一代的“自我展示”平台)”、以及最后一段“In a world tightly bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection. It is not a refusal of social bonds but a wise pursuit of healthier, more autonomous online engagement(在一个被数字联系紧密束缚的世界里，轻社交在自我表达和隐私保护之间取得了微妙的平衡。这不是对社会关系的拒绝，而是对更健康、更自主的在线参与的明智追求)”可知，本文主要讨论了年轻人在社交媒体上选择“轻社交”的方式，在数字连接紧密的世界中，保持一定的数字距离，以平衡自我表达和隐私保护，所以B项“Keep the Digital Distance(保持数字距离)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。 9 Some might suggest that a doorstopper about “the influence of the horse on human history” couldn’t possibly be interesting. No. I say no. In fact, Timothy C． Winegard’s The Horse is fantastic, offering a fresh view on how crucial horses were in human development. And it almost didn’t happen. Sudden climate changes at the end of the Ice Age drove horses to the edge of extinction. The rest of the animals once found through much of the world were then largely limited to an area that runs roughly from Eastern Europe to Central Asia — where they were hunted for food. The horse might have gone the way of other animals had it not been tamed (驯化) like cattle. When someone decided to jump on the back of one of the horses, it started “a revolution” that changed the world. Riding horses helped farmers raise more sheep and goats, and hunters cover more ground. When horses replaced oxen, their quicker speed allowed more land to be handled, increased yields and changed farmers to exporters. Naturally, horses became instruments of war. The earliest known true cavalry (骑兵) formation belonged to the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta II. In relatively short order, cavalry units made the difference in battle. Those nations that had horses won wars; those that didn’t tried to get them. In many ways, these conflicts created the world we have today. Alexander extended the boundaries of his kingdom — and Greek culture — through Persia, India and beyond because of the success of his cavalry. Besides, horses were the deciding factor in the Battle of Hastings, where William, the Duke of Normandy — who had cavalry units — soundly defeated the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, creating the modern British state. The Horse is extensively researched. It is interesting, charming and entertaining. But I know: I can lead you to a bookstore, but I can’t make you read. 1．When did horses start to make the world different? A．After people domesticated them for riding. B．After Asians raised them as a food source. C．After they were exported all over the world. D．After the climate changed during the Ice Age. 2．What is the advantage of horses? A．Power. B．Bravery. C．Efficiency. D．Intelligence. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The training of cavalry for battles. B．The contributions of horses in wars. C．The fantastic achievements of kings. D．The expansion of powerful kingdoms. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To astonish the curious readers. B．To summarize the recent history. C．To criticize an improper viewpoint. D．To recommend an awesome book. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇书评。文章旨在推荐Timothy C. Winegard的著作《The Horse》，并通过反驳“马对人类历史的影响无趣”这一偏见，强调马在人类文明发展中的核心作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“When someone decided to jump on the back of one of the horses, it started “a revolution” that changed the world. (当有人决定跳上一匹马的背时，就开始了一场改变世界的“革命”。)” 可知马在人们驯养它们用于骑马之后开始改变世界的，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Riding horses helped farmers raise more sheep and goats, and hunters cover more ground. When horses replaced oxen, their quicker speed allowed more land to be handled, increased yields and changed farmers to exporters. (骑马可以帮助农民饲养更多的绵羊和山羊，猎人也可以覆盖更多的土地。当马取代了牛，它们更快的速度使更多的土地得到处理，增加了产量，并使农民变成了出口商。)” 可知马帮助农民饲养更多的绵羊和山羊，帮助猎人获得更多的土地，并且代替牛提高了生产效率，所以马的优势就是效率，故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段首句“Naturally, horses became instruments of war. (马自然成为了战争的工具。)”以及整段介绍，可知本段主要讲述马在战争中的贡献，故选B。 4．推理判断题。本文通过《The Horse》一书，以清晰的逻辑和历史案例，论证了马对人类文明的深刻影响，并通过推荐此书传递“坚持探索未知”的价值观。所以文章的目的就是推荐一本很棒的书。故选D。 10 A longtime University of Iowa professor’s life-changing cystic fibrosis (囊性纤维化) research was honored with one of biomedicine’s most famous awards — often referred to as the “American Nobel.” Dr. Michael J. Welsh, along with two other scientists, won the 2025 Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award for their work on treatments that have lengthened and bettered the lives of patients with cystic fibrosis. A genetic disorder that causes thick mucus (黏液) to block organ functions, cystic fibrosis most often affects the lungs where infections lead to progressive destruction. When Welsh started his medical career nearly 50 years ago, cystic fibrosis was a serious disease, with patients rarely seeing their 30th birthday. Facing numerous failures, he never gave up, believing that answers would be found. Using Welsh’s results, the two other honored scientists worked for decades to develop Trikafta, a drug that made cystic cystic fibrosis possible to control for about 90% of those diagnosed. Today, cystic fibrosis patients’ life expectancy can be well into the 80s. Specifically, Welsh’s research changed the fundamental understanding of a critical protein, known as CFTR, and how it is transformed by a gene mutation (突变) in cystic fibrosis patients, resulting in a breakdown of the body’s usual protective systems. With that knowledge, Welsh’s team proved that if cooled down, the mutated CFTR protein could be “corrected” in a sense, a key discovery that allowed scientists to explore the possibility of a more permanent fix to the protein’s damage. “Mike Welsh’s work illustrates how fundamental science—driven by curiosity, cooperation, and purpose—can lead to transformative innovations and treatments,” Dr. Denise Jamieson, the university’s vice president, says in a news release. While Welsh said that he is “incredibly honored to receive this award,” he points to the cooperative science and the many unnamed researchers who made the groundbreaking work possible. “For me, it is truly a celebration of our entire scientific enterprise,” Welsh said in the release. By sharing credit with all contributors, he showed his dedication to the scientific cause. 1．Why is “American Nobel” mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To show why this award is highly respected. B．To stress the challenges of fibrosis treatment. C．To prove the research deserves the Nobel Prize. D．To explain why the research gained world fame. 2．What is the primary significance of Dr. Welsh’s research? A．Discovering the genetic cause of cystic fibrosis. B．Developing the final drug combination for patients. C．Transforming a deadly disease into a manageable one. D．Serving as a new diagnosis basis for cystic fibrosis. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The main difficulties in protein research. B．The process of developing a new fibrosis treatment. C．A full explanation of how gene changes affect health. D．A breakthrough discovery about fixing a faulty protein. 4．Which of the following can best describe Dr. Welsh? A．Determined and humble. B．Strict and responsible. C．Independent and creative. D．Courageous and confident. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍爱荷华大学迈克尔·J·威尔士博士因囊性纤维化研究获“美国诺贝尔奖”，及其研究对该疾病治疗和患者寿命的重大影响，同时展现其科研精神。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A longtime University of Iowa professor’s life-changing cystic fibrosis (囊性纤维化) research was honored with one of biomedicine’s most famous awards — often referred to as the “American Nobel.” Dr. Michael J. Welsh, along with two other scientists, won the 2025 Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award for their work on treatments that have lengthened and bettered the lives of patients with cystic fibrosis.(爱荷华大学一位长期任教的教授，其改变患者命运的囊性纤维化研究，荣获了生物医学领域最负盛名的奖项之一——该奖项常被称为“美国诺贝尔奖”。迈克尔·J·威尔士博士与另外两位科学家共同获得了2025年拉斯克-德贝基临床医学研究奖，以表彰他们在治疗方法方面的研究，这些方法延长并改善了囊性纤维化患者的生命。)”可知，提及“美国诺贝尔奖”是为了凸显该奖项在生物医学领域的崇高地位，进而体现威尔士博士等人的研究成果的重要性，说明该奖项为何备受尊重。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Welsh started his medical career nearly 50 years ago, cystic fibrosis was a serious disease, with patients rarely seeing their 30th birthday. Facing numerous failures, he never gave up, believing that answers would be found. Using Welsh’s results, the two other honored scientists worked for decades to develop Trikafta, a drug that made cystic fibrosis possible to control for about 90% of those diagnosed. Today, cystic fibrosis patients’ life expectancy can be well into the 80s.(近50年前威尔士开启从医之路时，囊性纤维化是一种严重疾病，患者几乎活不到30岁。面对无数次失败，他从未放弃，坚信终将找到答案。基于威尔士的研究成果，另外两位获奖科学家历经数十年研发出了药物Trikafta，该药物使约90%的确诊患者能够控制囊性纤维化病情。如今，囊性纤维化患者的预期寿命能轻松达到80多岁。)”可知，威尔士博士研究的首要意义是将曾经致命、患者寿命极短的囊性纤维化，转变为约90%患者可控制、预期寿命大幅延长的疾病。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Specifically, Welsh’s research changed the fundamental understanding of a critical protein, known as CFTR, and how it is transformed by a gene mutation (突变) in cystic fibrosis patients, resulting in a breakdown of the body’s usual protective systems. With that knowledge, Welsh’s team proved that if cooled down, the mutated CFTR protein could be “corrected” in a sense, a key discovery that allowed scientists to explore the possibility of a more permanent fix to the protein’s damage.(具体而言，威尔士的研究改变了人们对一种关键蛋白质——CFTR蛋白的基本认知，以及囊性纤维化患者体内该蛋白质如何因基因突变而发生改变，进而导致人体正常保护系统失效。借助这一认知，威尔士团队证明，若对突变的CFTR蛋白进行冷却处理，在某种意义上可使其“恢复正常”，这一关键发现使科学家得以探索更永久性修复该蛋白质损伤的可能性。)”可知，该段主要围绕威尔士团队在CFTR蛋白研究上的突破展开，即明确了该蛋白的突变影响，并发现冷却可“修正”突变蛋白，是修复缺陷蛋白的关键发现。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Facing numerous failures, he never gave up, believing that answers would be found.(面对无数次失败，他从未放弃，坚信终将找到答案。)”可知，威尔士博士在科研过程中遭遇多次失败却不退缩，体现出坚定的意志；根据最后一段中的“While Welsh said that he is “incredibly honored to receive this award,” he points to the cooperative science and the many unnamed researchers who made the groundbreaking work possible. “For me, it is truly a celebration of our entire scientific enterprise,” Welsh said in the release. By sharing credit with all contributors, he showed his dedication to the scientific cause.(尽管威尔士表示“能获得这个奖项感到无比荣幸”，但他同时强调了合作科研的重要性，以及众多无名研究者——正是他们的努力才让这项突破性研究成为可能。威尔士在新闻稿中表示：“对我而言，这确实是对我们整个科研事业的庆祝。”通过与所有贡献者共享荣誉，他展现了对科研事业的热忱。)”可知，他获奖后不独占功劳，而是肯定团队和他人的贡献，体现出谦逊的品质。因此，“坚定且谦逊”最能描述威尔士博士。故选A项。 11 Exciting news is on the horizon as California power authorities have successfully completed their groundbreaking solar panel-covered canal project, which promises to generate a remarkable 1.6 megawatts (兆瓦) of clean energy. This innovative initiative, led by the Turlock Irrigation District Water & Power, plays a vital role in irrigating (灌溉) essential crops like cotton and tomatoes in the heart of California’s central valley. The inspiration for this project came from a 2021 research paper by scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who discovered that covering canals with solar panels could save an astonishing 63.5 billion gallons of water from evaporation (蒸发) each year. This brilliant idea not only conserves water but also offers an incredible benefit: for every megawatt of solar energy produced during Turlock’s average 290 sunny days, the panels could replace 15-20 diesel (柴油) generators that traditionally pump water along these canals. Known as Project Nexus, this initiative took flight in October 2022. It stands out in the world and the second of its kind in the US. The project will be closely monitored to see how its performance matches the promising projections. The concept of placing solar panels over canals isn’t new; it first emerged in 2014 in Gujarat, India, where a pilot project successfully covered a stretch of canal and paved the way for an entire canal-topped solar plant. Researchers in India found that the water beneath the panels helped maintain ideal temperatures, leading to a 2-5% improvement in efficiency. In addition to conserving water and minimizing land use for solar farms, the panels’ unique placement helps extend their lifespan by keeping them cooler. This innovative approach also limits the growth of harmful plants along the canals, reducing the need for manual or chemical clearing. With about 4,000 miles of canals across California, the potential for taking advantage of solar energy is tremendous, with estimates suggesting they could generate up to 13 gigawatts of power. This would be enough to supply energy to around 750,000 homes, effectively lighting up nearly half of Los Angeles. 1．What can we know about the solar-covered canal project from Santa Cruz’s research? A．It is energy-saving and eco-friendly. B．Its economic benefit is limited in real use. C．It has changed previous irrigation methods. D．It is designed to solve the water shortage problem. 2．How did the Indian project influence California’s Project Nexus? A．By supplying critical equipment. B．By demonstrating possibility. C．By providing the technical designs. D．By offering precise data on temperatures. 3．What does the underlined word “tremendous” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．控制的。 B．暂时的。 C．重大的。 D．定义的。 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．How Canals Can Help Save Energy B．California’s Fight for Water Supply C．Solar panels: A New Use for Canals D．Project Nexus: A Solar Success Case 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍美国加州完成太阳能电池板覆盖运河的创新项目，阐述其灵感来源、优势、借鉴的印度案例及巨大发展潜力。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The inspiration for this project came from a 2021 research paper by scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who discovered that covering canals with solar panels could save an astonishing 63.5 billion gallons of water from evaporation each year. This brilliant idea not only conserves water but also offers an incredible benefit: for every megawatt of solar energy produced during Turlock’s average 290 sunny days, the panels could replace 15-20 diesel generators that traditionally pump water along these canals.(该项目的灵感来源于2021年加州大学圣克鲁兹分校科学家的一篇研究论文，他们发现用太阳能电池板覆盖运河每年可节省惊人的635亿加仑因蒸发损失的水。这个绝妙的想法不仅能节约用水，还带来了一项惊人的好处：在特洛克平均290天的晴天里，每产生1兆瓦太阳能，这些电池板就能取代15到20台传统上用于沿运河抽水的柴油发电机。)”可知，圣克鲁兹的研究显示该项目既能节水，又能替代柴油发电机、产生清洁能源，具备节能和环保的双重属性。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The concept of placing solar panels over canals isn’t new; it first emerged in 2014 in Gujarat, India, where a pilot project successfully covered a stretch of canal and paved the way for an entire canal-topped solar plant.(在运河上方安装太阳能电池板的概念并不新鲜；它最早于2014年出现在印度古吉拉特邦，当时一个试点项目成功覆盖了一段运河，为整个运河顶部太阳能发电厂铺平了道路。)”可知，印度的试点项目成功验证了运河覆盖太阳能电池板的可行性，为加州的“Nexus项目”提供了实践参考，证明了该概念的可操作性。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“With about 4,000 miles of canals across California, the potential for taking advantage of solar energy is tremendous, with estimates suggesting they could generate up to 13 gigawatts of power. This would be enough to supply energy to around 750,000 homes, effectively lighting up nearly half of Los Angeles.(加州约有4000英里的运河，利用太阳能的潜力是tremendous，据估计这些运河能产生高达130亿瓦的电力。这足以为大约75万个家庭供电，实际上能为洛杉矶近一半的区域提供照明。)”可知，后文“产生130亿瓦电力、供75万个家庭使用”的具体数据，体现出加州运河利用太阳能的潜力极大，因此“tremendous”意为“重大的、极大的”。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段点明加州成功完成太阳能电池板覆盖运河项目，即“Nexus项目”，后续段落围绕该项目的灵感来源、优势、借鉴的印度案例及未来潜力展开，核心始终是“Nexus项目”这一成功的太阳能应用案例，由此可知，“Project Nexus: A Solar Success Case（Nexus项目：一个成功的太阳能案例）”能精准概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。 12 Architect Liu Jiakun was awarded the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize on Tuesday, making him the second winner from China to earn the highest honor in the field of architecture after Wang Shu in 2012. Living in Chengdu, the capital of southwestern China’s Sichuan province, Liu’s career spans four decades and over 30 projects. He established Jiakun architects in 1999 and is devoted to creating an expansive collection of works ranging from small, beautiful museums and monuments and vast commercial buildings to master plans for cities. “The purpose of architecture is to create a beautiful, just and dignified living environment. People’s real lives, happiness and dignity are what we strive for,” says Liu. The prize’s jury statement says that “intertwining (交织) seemingly opposing things such as idealism versus everyday existence, history versus modernity, and collectivism versus individuality, Liu offers affirming architecture that celebrates the lives of ordinary citizens”. Wang, the 2012 Pritzker recipient, tells China Daily that Liu’s winning is encouraging: “His works are very local, yet modern, directly addressing the challenges facing the transformation of contemporary Chinese cities.” Wang says both he and Liu pursue contemporary architecture rooted in tradition. Many architects around the world attempt to do the same, yet their style has never become mainstream. “I believe Liu’s winning holds great significance and will resonate with those architects,” he adds. Liu’s focus on ordinary people is reflected in his largest project West Village, a five-story urban complex completed in 2015 in Chengdu. The complex includes a football field, paths for cyclists and pedestrians, and a market. The block has become a popular public space and a destination for the city’s residents to spend leisure time. Hearing the news that Liu won the Pritzker Prize, many netizens who have visited the West Village and the museums he designed expressed that his architecture reflects a precious sense of relaxation, much like the vibrant city of Chengdu itself, which is known for its giant pandas, hotpot and leisurely pace. 1．What do we know about Liu Jiakun? A．He is the first Chinese winner of the Pritzker Prize. B．His career spans 40 years with over 30 projects. C．He founded Jiakun architects in 2012 in Chengdu. D．His works only include museums and monuments. 2．What is a feature of Liu Jiakun’s architectural works? A．Pursuit of tradition-based modernity. B．Concentration on outline. C．Integration with surroundings. D．Combination with foreign styles. 3．The example of West Village is used to illustrate that ________. A．Liu Jiakun pays attention to the needs of ordinary people B．Liu Jiakun’s projects are all large-scale urban complexes C．public spaces in Chengdu are not popular among residents D．football fields are unnecessary in urban complex design 4．Which of the following words can best describe Liu Jiakun? A．Energetic and optimistic. B．Outgoing and responsible. C．Courageous and generous. D．Committed and creative. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要围绕中国建筑师刘家琨获得2025年普利兹克建筑奖展开，介绍了他的建筑生涯、理念、作品特点，以及他人对他获奖的评价和大众对他作品的感受。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Living in Chengdu, the capital of southwestern China’s Sichuan province, Liu’s career spans four decades and over 30 projects.(刘生活在中国西南部四川省的省会成都，他的职业生涯跨越了40年，参与了30多个项目。)”可知，刘的职业生涯长达40年，参与了30多个项目。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“His works are very local, yet modern, directly addressing the challenges facing the transformation of contemporary Chinese cities.(他的作品非常本土化，但又很现代，直接解决了当代中国城市转型面临的挑战。)”和“Wang says both he and Liu pursue contemporary architecture rooted in tradition.(王说他和刘都追求植根于传统的当代建筑。)”可知，他的建筑作品的一个特点是追求以传统为基础的现代性。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Liu’s focus on ordinary people is reflected in his largest project West Village, a five-story urban complex completed in 2015 in Chengdu.(刘对普通人的关注反映在他最大的项目西村上，这是一个五层的城市综合体，于2015年在成都完工。)”可知，西村的例子是用来说明刘关注普通人的需求。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“The prize’s jury statement says that “intertwining (交织) seemingly opposing things such as idealism versus everyday existence, history versus modernity, and collectivism versus individuality, Liu offers affirming architecture that celebrates the lives of ordinary citizens”.(评委会的声明说：“刘的作品将理想主义与日常生活、历史与现代、集体主义与个性等看似对立的事物交织在一起，提供了肯定的建筑，庆祝普通公民的生活。”)”可知，他是有创造性的；根据第二段“Liu’s career spans four decades and over 30 projects(刘的职业生涯跨越了40年，参与了30多个项目)”可知，他是尽心尽力的，因此可用committed和creative来描述Liu Jiakun。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 技巧01 细节理解题的答题优化策略 策略分析 高考英语阅读理解细节理解题是考查频率最高的题型之一，核心是要求考生从原文中精准定位并提取与题干信息匹配的具体内容。高考英语阅读理解中的细节理解题，在整个阅读理解题型体系里，属于考查频率极高的题型类别之一。其核心要义在于，着重考查考生从篇幅各异的原文之中，凭借自身对题干信息的精准解读，实现对与之高度匹配的具体内容的精确锁定与有效提取。这要求考生不仅要具备扎实的英语语言基础，能够读懂原文的每一个词句，更要掌握一定的阅读技巧，能够快速定位到关键信息所在位置，不被冗余信息所干扰，从而准确作答此类题目。 细节理解题的本质是 “原文信息的精准匹配与验证”，需遵循 “3 步闭环操作法”，确保答题速度与准确率的平衡： （1）审题标注：锁定关键线索。快速通读题干与选项，用横线标注两类关键词：①显性定位词（人名、地名、数字、大写名词等特殊标识）；②隐性核心词（表因果、目的、态度的动词 / 名词，如 why, cause, aim 等）。避免遗漏题干中的否定词（not, except），这类词常成为答题陷阱。 （2）原文定位：精准锁定区间。可以采用 “跳读法” 回归原文，遵循 “顺序原则”（题目顺序与原文段落顺序基本一致）和“同义转换原则”（题干关键词可能以近义词、词性转换形式出现，如 “lose job” 对应原文 “out of occupation”）。定位后用序号标注题目对应句，避免重复阅读。 （3）比对验证：排除干扰选项。将选项与原文定位句逐词比对，重点关注同义表达重合度（重合越高越可能为答案），同时依据干扰项特征排除错误选项（详见后文 “避坑指南”）。最终答案需满足 “题干要求 + 原文依据” 双重条件，杜绝主观臆断。 答题突破技巧 一、关键词精准定位法（适用于直接信息题） 【操作技巧】 通过题干中的专有名词（如人名、地名、机构名）、数字（年份、日期、数据）、特殊动词（表因果、转折、对比的动词）等独特关键词，运用 "关键词定位法" 快速锁定原文对应信息区间。具体操作时，可先在题干划出 3-5 个核心关键词，采用 "跳跃式阅读" 在文中寻找完全匹配或同义替换表述，精准定位后精读上下文 3-5 句，避免因通读全文而浪费考试时间。该策略尤其适用于信息匹配题、事实细节题，能有效提升答题效率与准确率。 【阅读语段】 Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 【技巧分析】 划关键词：在处理高考英语阅读理解细节理解题时，精准定位题干核心关键词是破题的首要步骤。以本题为例，题干核心关键词为 “Farber”“try acupuncture on pets”“why”。其中，“Farber” 作为人名、“acupuncture” 作为专业术语 “针灸”，均属于专有名词范畴，在原文中具有极强的定位性，如同导航坐标般能快速指引我们锁定相关内容。同时，“try acupuncture on pets” 明确提问行为动机，而 “why” 则直接点明本题为原因类细节题，需着重关注因果逻辑表述。 定位原文：依据划定的关键词，迅速在阅读材料中展开搜索。通过 “Farber” 与 “acupuncture” 这两个强定位词，我们可以快速找到语段中 “Then he tried acupuncture... he improved... So... began offering them to pets” 这样包含因果关系的句子。此过程需要考生熟练运用略读技巧，快速扫视文本，忽略无关信息，精准捕捉关键词所在语句。同时，在定位时要留意关键词的同义替换或相关表述，确保定位准确无误。 对比验证：定位到原文语句后，进入关键的对比验证环节。仔细分析原文 “he improved after two or three treatments”，其清晰表明 “Farber” 本人作为患者接受针灸治疗后病情得到改善，这一事实与选项 C 的表述完全匹配，充分印证了选项 C 的正确性。在对比过程中，要逐字逐句比对选项与原文内容，关注时态、数量词、限定词等细节，避免因细微差异导致误判。对于其余选项，通过再次回查原文，确认其均缺乏原文依据，属于无中生有或曲解文意，从而可以果断排除，最终锁定正确答案。 二、同义替换匹配法（适用于间接信息题） 【操作技巧】 命题人常对原文信息进行同义改写，这种改写方式灵活多样，包括但不限于词性转换、近义词替换、句式结构调整等。例如，原文中使用名词形式的表述，在选项中可能转换为同根动词；常见形容词也会被替换为语义相近的高级词汇，以此增加试题区分度。考生需突破文字表象，通过分析句子结构、提炼核心语义，精准识别选项与原文间的隐性对应关系。这不仅要求具备扎实的词汇功底，更需培养对同义表达的敏感度，从而在复杂的干扰项中锁定正确答案。 【阅读语段】 Volunteers for the Habitat Restoration Team are required to participate in tree-planting sessions every weekend. They should also attend monthly workshops on native plant species and assist in documenting the growth of newly planted trees. Prior experience in gardening is preferred but not mandatory. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Work in the garden daily. B. Learn about local plants regularly. C. Have gardening experience. D. Document tree growth weekly. 【技巧分析】 识别同义特征：在高考英语阅读理解细节理解题中，命题人常通过同义替换来设置正确答案。例如，当题干出现 “expected to do” 这类表示义务性的表述时，考生需敏锐捕捉原文中 “required to”“should” 等具有相同语义特征的词汇，这些同义表述往往是定位答案的关键线索。在实际答题过程中，可先圈出题干中的核心关键词，带着这些关键词快速扫读原文，重点关注同义替换的表达方式，从而精准定位到与题目相关的文本段落。 匹配替换词：在分析选项时，要特别留意词汇之间的同义替换关系。以选项 B “Learn about local plants regularly” 为例，它与原文 “attend monthly workshops on native plant species” 存在对应关系。其中，“local plants” 与 “native plant species” 都指本地植物，属于近义词；“regularly” 与 “monthly” 都体现了时间上的规律性，“monthly” 是 “regularly” 在时间频率上的具体体现。通过这样细致的词汇匹配，能够准确判断选项与原文信息的一致性。考生在日常练习中，应注重积累常见的同义替换词汇和短语，建立起自己的词汇同义库，提升答题速度和准确率。 排除干扰项：干扰项的设置通常会在时间、条件、程度等方面与原文信息产生偏差。如 A 项 “daily” 与原文 “every weekend” 在时间频率上相互矛盾，这种明显的时间不符是排除该选项的重要依据；C 项 “Have gardening experience” 在原文中是 “preferred”（优先考虑），而题目问的是 “required”（必需的），条件性质发生了改变；D 项 “weekly” 与原文 “documenting the growth” 相比，原文并未提及记录生长情况的频率，属于无中生有的干扰信息。在答题时，要逐条对比选项与原文，找出这些细微的差异，通过排除法缩小正确答案的范围，从而选出最符合原文的选项。 三、数字逻辑梳理法（适用于数字计算题） 【操作技巧】 针对时间、年龄、数量等数字考点，考生应建立 "三查" 解题机制。首先，使用荧光笔或下划线快速标记原文中的精确数字（如年份、价格、百分比）和模糊数字（如 approximately、nearly）；其次，重点圈画数字前后的限定词（before/after、increase/decrease、double/triple），明确计算方向；最后，整理关键信息形成简易计算式（如 A=B+C×2），避免因单位换算（$ vs ¥）、时间跨度（BC/AD）等陷阱失分。例如，若题目问 "2023 年销售额较 2022 年下降比例"，需同时锁定两个年份的数值及表示下降的关键词 "decline by"，结合公式（2022 年数值 - 2023 年数值）÷2022 年数值 ×100% 得出答案。 【阅读语段】 The Habitat Restoration Team welcomes volunteers aged 16 and above. For participants under 18, a parent’s written consent is required. The program runs from March 1st to November 30th, with a two-week break in August. Each volunteer must complete at least 40 hours of service during the program period. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 16 B. 18 C. 14 D. 20 【技巧分析】 锁定数字区间：在解答细节理解题时，若题干出现 “lower age limit”（最低年龄限制）这类明确的关键词，应立即启动快速定位机制。通过扫读原文，迅速捕捉到 “aged 16 and above” 这一关键信息。在阅读过程中，建议采用 “关键词高亮法”，用铅笔将题干关键词在原文中标记出来，形成视觉焦点，确保信息抓取的准确性与高效性。 排除干扰数字：当原文中同时出现 “aged 16 and above” 和 “under 18” 等多个数字信息时，考生需保持清醒的逻辑判断。其中，“under 18” 后往往伴随 “require parental consent”（需家长同意）等附加条件说明，这表明 “under 18” 并非核心的年龄限制条件，而是针对特定人群的补充要求。通过对句子结构和语义逻辑的分析，可快速将包含 “under 18” 的选项（如 B 项）从正确答案中排除，缩小选择范围。 验证结论：在确认 “16 and above” 为正确答案依据后，还需进行二次验证。可通过 “逆向推理法”，即将选项 A 的内容代入原文语境，检查是否符合题干要求。由于 “16 and above” 明确界定了最低年龄为 16 岁，与选项 A 完全匹配，且无需进行复杂的数学计算，只需精准把握数字信息与附加条件的逻辑关系，即可确保答案的正确性。 四、长难句拆解定位法（适用于复杂细节题） 【操作技巧】 长难句常隐藏关键细节，需通过拆解从句、非谓语动词等结构，提炼主干信息。在实际解题过程中，考生可采用以下三步拆解法：首先，利用标点符号（如逗号、分号）和连接词（that, which, when 等）划分句子层次；其次，重点关注非谓语动词（doing/done/to do）在句中的功能，判断其是作定语、状语还是补语；最后，剥离修饰成分，提取主谓宾核心结构。例如，在处理 "Although the newly developed technology, which was initially designed for medical research, shows great potential in environmental monitoring, its high cost remains a major obstacle" 这类复合句时，通过标记从句（which was initially designed for medical research）和让步状语（Although...monitoring），快速锁定主句主干 "its high cost remains a major obstacle"，精准匹配题目中的细节描述。 【阅读语段】 The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found that the more parents elaborated on a toy’s features or asked open-ended questions (like “What do you think this could be used for?”), the more engaged and responsive the children became. What made children more engaged during activities? A. Toys with complex features. B. Parents’ detailed explanations and open questions. C. Video recordings of their interactions. D. Everyday activities at home. 【技巧分析】 拆解长难句结构：在处理高考英语阅读理解的细节题时，遇到长难句需迅速剖析其结构。以 “The researchers analyzed... and found that...” 为例，此句主句采用 “分析并发现” 的逻辑结构，核心信息蕴藏于 that 引导的宾语从句中。从句运用 “the more..., the more...” 的经典比较级结构，构建起因果关系模型。前半部分 “parents elaborated on... or asked open-ended questions” 明确阐述了家长行为，这是触发后续结果的关键因素；后半部分 “children became more engaged” 则呈现出相应的结果，即孩子参与度提升。通过这样的拆解，句子的逻辑脉络和关键信息得以清晰呈现，为精准答题奠定基础。 定位关键信息：在完成长难句分析后，需将目光聚焦到选项与原文关键信息的匹配上。从句前半部分提及的 “elaborated on a toy’s features”，其中 “elaborated on” 意为详细阐述，与选项 B 中的 “detailed explanations” 形成精准的同义对应，都强调对玩具特征进行细致说明这一行为；“asked open-ended questions” 更是与选项内容完全一致，这些对应关系是锁定正确答案的重要依据。在实际答题过程中，考生应善于运用这种关键词匹配的方法，快速定位到与题目相关的有效信息。 排除次要信息：干扰选项往往会围绕文中的次要信息设置陷阱。A 项 “toys’ features” 仅仅是家长解释的对象，并非导致孩子参与度提升的原因，属于偏离核心逻辑的信息；C 项 “video recordings” 在原文中只是研究人员用于开展研究的工具，与题目所问的核心细节毫无关联；D 项 “everyday activities” 仅作为研究背景存在，同样不能作为解题的关键依据。通过对这些次要信息的识别和排除，能够有效避免被干扰项误导，从而提高答题的准确率。 五、是非判断排除法（适用于 True/False 题） 【操作技巧】 逐一比对选项与原文信息，排除 “无中生有”“偷换概念”“与原文相悖” 的干扰项。在实际解题过程中，可采用以下具体方法： 定位关键词：根据题干中的人名、地名、数字、专有名词等信息，快速锁定原文对应段落与句子，缩小信息检索范围。 无中生有辨析：选项内容在原文中完全未提及，即便逻辑合理，也属于无效信息，应果断排除。例如，原文仅阐述了某实验的过程，而选项中出现该实验的结果，此为典型无中生有。 偷换概念识别：关注选项是否对原文关键词进行替换、曲解或扩大缩小范围。如原文描述 “部分青少年”，选项却改为 “所有青少年”，需警惕此类陷阱。 矛盾内容甄别：将选项与原文逐字比对，若出现时间、地点、人物、事件等关键要素不一致，或观点态度相反的情况，即可判定为与原文相悖。 【阅读语段】 Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father’s wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father. “It’s an experimental model,” his father had explained, “so don’t touch it under any circumstances.” But his warning only served to make Mark more curious. Which of the following is true about Mark? A. He wanted to disobey his father on purpose. B. He was less curious than Jason. C. He dreamed of being a scientist. D. He had used the computer before. 【技巧分析】 逐一验证选项：在高考英语阅读理解中，细节理解题常通过对原文信息的巧妙变形来设置干扰选项。分析本题各选项时，需精准定位原文并对比细节差异。 A 项：原文 “his warning only served to make Mark more curious” 清晰呈现出，马克产生后续行为是出于好奇心的驱使。而选项中 “故意 disobey（故意违抗）” 所表达的动机与原文截然不同，属于典型的偷换动机陷阱，因此该项不符合原文，应予以排除。 B 项：从原文 “Mark was more adventurous”“more curious” 能够明确得知，马克具有较强的冒险精神和好奇心。但该选项表述为 “less curious”，与原文所传达的信息完全相悖，直接与原文事实冲突，所以此选项也需排除。 C 项：经过仔细比对，该项内容与原文 “his aim was to become a scientist like his father” 完全匹配，在内容和语义上都不存在任何偏差，属于正确且符合原文的选项，故应保留。 D 项：通览原文可以发现，其中并没有任何关于 “had used the computer before” 的相关描述。该选项凭空创造出这样的信息，属于无中生有的错误类型，同样需要排除。 确定答案：通过对 A、B、D 三项的逐一分析与排除，利用排除法可以清晰地得出，仅剩 C 项与原文内容相符，因此本题答案为 C 项。 六、顺序定位法（适用于段落连贯型细节题） 【操作技巧】 高考英语阅读理解的细节理解题具有明显的顺序性特征，命题人通常会按照原文的行文顺序设置题目。这一规律为考生提供了高效定位答案的捷径 —— 只需依据题干序号，结合段落顺序锁定相应的文本区间，即可快速缩小搜索范围。例如，若第 1 题答案出自文章前两段，那么第 2 题答案大概率在第三、四段。通过这种方法，考生能够避免盲目通读全文，节省宝贵的考试时间，同时精准定位关键信息，显著提升答题效率与正确率。 【阅读语段】 ① Urban beekeeping has become increasingly popular in recent years. Many cities now allow beehives on rooftops, and some even offer training programs for new beekeepers. ② The main reason for this trend is growing concern about honeybee populations, which have declined sharply over the past decade. ③ Experts say urban areas provide a diverse range of flowering plants, making them ideal habitats for bees. ④ In addition, urban beekeeping helps raise public awareness about environmental protection. Why has urban beekeeping become popular? (Para. 2) What do experts think of urban areas for bees? (Para. 3) 【技巧分析】 利用顺序原则，精准定位答案：高考英语阅读理解的细节理解题通常遵循题文同序原则，即题目出现的顺序与文本信息的先后顺序基本一致。以第 31 题为例，题干提问 “why popular”，并标注对应原文第②段（Para. 2）。考生可快速锁定该段落，通过扫读定位到 “main reason for this trend” 这一关键表述，由此得出答案为 “concern about honeybee populations decline”。在此过程中，建议使用荧光笔标记题干关键词，如 “popular” “main reason”，并在原文中圈出同义替换词（如 “trend” 指代前文现象），确保答案选择有据可依。 巧用顺序规律，高效推进答题：完成上一题后，第 32 题可顺延定位至第③段（Para. 3）。基于题文同序原则，考生无需逐句精读，而是通过快速浏览段落首句、转折句（如 “however” “but” 引导的句子）和数据信息，定位到 “Experts say urban areas provide... ideal habitats for bees”。此句直接回应题目设问，通过对比选项关键词（如 “urban areas” “ideal habitats”），可快速锁定正确答案。这种方法能大幅缩短答题时间，尤其适合段落密集、信息量大的文本。 题文同序策略的核心优势：采用题文同序定位法，可显著提升答题效率与准确率。一方面，考生无需反复回溯前文，避免因重复阅读消耗时间；另一方面，当遇到多道连续考查细节的题目时，该策略能帮助考生建立清晰的答题逻辑，减少因信息混淆导致的失误。例如，若文本中有 3 - 4 道细节题连续出现，严格按照顺序定位，可将单题平均答题时间缩短至 1 - 1.5 分钟，为后续复杂题型（如主旨题、推理题）预留充足时间。 突破演练 1 My husband, children and I were in Hawaii. Here, we were introduced to the ancient Hawaiian concept of mālama (to care for) which encourages visitors to give back to the environment and local communities through activities like habitat restoration, beach cleanups or food provision. But mālama goes beyond eco-tourism — it’s about leaving a place better than you found it. And after seeking out these experiences during a three-week stay, we found mālama not only improves Hawaii, but it also made our time there much more meaningful. Mālama volunteer experiences are found across the islands. For example, on Maui, you can help restore native forests and volunteer at a nursery; while on O’ahu, visitors can clear invasive algae from Maunalua Bay. In some cases, travelers booking with partnering hotels and participating in designated activities will qualify for a discounted — or even free — night at dozens of hotels and resorts. “Mālama today is more vital than ever,” our guide Rogers said. “Too many tourists walk carelessly on our land, ignoring restrictions and damaging sensitive ecosystems... don’t just think Hawaii is beautiful; help keep it that way. It’s a shared responsibility.” As Rogers explained, mālama isn’t just about seeing or appreciating a landscape; it invites visitors to connect and contribute to it, with the idea that caring for a place fosters a stronger relationship with it. After eight days, we ventured to Molokai, Hawaii’s least developed island. No resorts or chain stores spoiled its wild beauty — just dramatic cliffs meeting rough seas. Deep in the eastern wilderness, we met Greg Solatario, whose family has taken care of this land for generations. His simple off-grid life perfectly embodied mālama. Greg welcomed us warmly before leading us through jungle-covered ruins of ancestral villages. As we approached, his son Devak blew a conch shell — a traditional request to enter. “The land remembers,” Greg explained, showing us medicinal plants and ancient fishing spots. His parting words stayed with me: “Mālama shouldn’t be just Hawaiian — the whole world needs this way of caring.” 1．How does the author present the topic in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By giving examples. C．By explaining a concept. D．By providing statistics. 2．What can Mālama volunteers experience in Hawaii? A．Developing Maunalua Bay. B．Reviving local forests. C．Asking for hotel discounts. D．Organizing big activities. 3．What do we know about Greg Solatario’s family? A．They built new resorts in the wild. B．They have long protected the land. C．They offered guided tours to locals. D．They fixed up the old village ruins. 4．Which of the following best describes the author’s trip in Hawaii? A．The wise improve what they enjoy. B．Where there is a will, there is a way. C．God helps those who help themselves. D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 2 It can take an entire village to grow a new-age garden. That’s what 42-year-old Shyju Machathi, a policeman living in Kannapuram in the Southern Indian state of Kerala, found out when his town was declared an “Indigenous Mango Heritage Area” by the Kerala State Biodiversity Board in 2020. The honour came after the villagers had got together to grow over 200 native species of mangoes, sourced from surrounding towns and villages, preserving diverse varieties that were in danger of dying out. The technique that made it possible, Machathi says, is the age-old art of grafting (嫁接). He started experimenting with the technique in July, 2016, despite no formal training in farming, after an unfortunate incident shook the town of Kannapuram. A neighbour had cut down a 200-year-old mango tree known locally as Vellathan, which grew in his home. “The tree produced the sweetest mangoes I’ve ever tasted,” says Machathi. “It was beautiful, a native variety that was very rare.” But it was also undeniably old. Parts of the large tree would come crashing to the ground, making it so perilous that the neighbour decided that it needed to be cut down for his peace of mind. Staring at the wasted branches the next morning, Machathi felt a deep sense of loss. “The tree was so much a part of our growing years and the landscape of our lives that we were all just shocked over losing it overnight,” says Machathi. Then he reached out to a friend who was working as an agricultural officer. There was a way to save the tree, his friend said. If they could graft parts of the tree onto a growing mango plant with a strong root, they could regenerate the old tree and one day, taste its exquisite fruit again. “We then grafted 50 parts of that old tree onto strong rootstock (根茎) and managed to prevent it from dying out entirely,” says Machathi. “All of those trees are still alive — it felt like we’d saved rare treasure.” 1．What made the town of Kannapuram honoured in 2020? A．Owning more gardens than other towns. B．Stopping a rare mango tree from dying. C．Developing a new grafting technique. D．Preserving native mango species. 2．What does the underlined word “perilous” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Valueless. B．Risky. C．Thick. D．Disease. 3．What did the old mango tree mean to Machathi? A．It brought him inner peace. B．It witnessed his childhood. C．It made his home beautiful. D．It saved him from starving. 4．Which words can best describe Machathi? A．Friendly and courageous. B．Helpful and experienced. C．Resourceful and determined. D．Proud and independent. 3 Kristina Smithe was running the California International Marathon in 2019, drinking cups of water at an aid station, when she started to think about how much waste such events produce. On the flight home, she did the math: 9,000 runners, 17 aid stations and something like 150,000 cups used once and thrown away. That gave her an idea for something more sustainable-a lightweight silicone (硅胶) cup that could be used again and again. After working out a design, Smith e ordered some cups and tested them at a race in 2021. Now her business, Hiccup Earth, has 70,000 cups that can be rented out to interested races to replace the typical white paper cups. Billions of disposable (一次性的) cups are used around the world each year. These cups are often made of plastic, but even if they are made of paper, they typically have a plastic lining that makes it difficult for them to biodegrade (生物降解). Making these cups, and disposing or burning them, also generates planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions. “It’s something that generates a lot of waste, and the waste — depending on what exactly it’s made of — can really last in landfills for hundreds of years,” said Sarah Gleeson, an expert at climate nonprofit Project Drawdown. Now, Smithe rents out thousands of reusable cups, driving them to events in big boxes and leaving recycling bins with the company logo for collection after use. By the start of May this year, Smithe estimated she’s taken her cups to 137 races and spared more than 900,000 disposable ones from the landfills. Gleeson sees the reusable cups as an effective way that innovators are looking to cut down on waste. Such solutions often have to be rooted in convenience and grounded in local or small applications to get more people to adopt them. Some cities, for instance, are experimenting with reusable food takeout containers that customers return to nearby recycling bins later on. High adoption of sustainable solutions really maximizes environmental benefits. 1．What inspired Smithe’s business idea? A．The popularity of lightweight cups. B．The disposable cups in the Marathon. C．Runners’ demands for quality cups. D．Insufficient cup supply at aid stations. 2．Why does the author mention Sarah Gleeson’s words in paragraph 3? A．To illustrate the growing global warming. B．To highlight the value of waste sorting. C．To show the determining factor of pollution. D．To stress the necessity of reducing plastic waste. 3．What is Hiccup Earth’s primary service? A．Selling reusable cups directly to runners. B．Donating silicone cups to race organizers. C．Renting recyclable cups to sports events. D．Offering eco-friendly materials to cup producers. 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To call on more sustainable practice. B．To analyze potential challenges. C．To compare waste reduction measures. D．To introduce another innovation. 4 In an ambitious move that could change how important goods are transported around the world, a private company named Inversion has introduced its “Arc” spacecraft. The goal of this reusable, self-flying vehicle is to store supplies in orbit and then achieve something never done before: deliver urgent materials from space to any location on Earth in under an hour. This new ability could completely change the speed of global logistics (快速物流系统), offering a powerful new tool for the U. S. military and its partners to respond to emergencies with unmatched efficiency. The Arc spacecraft is relatively small, measuring 8 feet long and 4 feet wide. However, its design is highly advanced. It is built to be very stable and easy to control, especially when flying back through the atmosphere at incredible speeds. This allows it to travel long distances and land with great accuracy using a special parachute system. The leader of the company imagines a future where a large network of these spacecraft provides a fast and reliable delivery service that works anywhere on the planet. The company is making steady progress toward this goal. Before building Arc, they first tested a smaller model in space to prove that the main ideas would work. Learning from that experience, the team is now working hard to get the actual Arc vehicle ready for its first space mission, which is planned for 2026. They have already built a full-sized model, done many practice landing tests, and are working with NASA to create a strong new heat shield to protect the spacecraft from the extreme heat of re-entering the atmosphere. Inversion is part of a larger trend. Other companies are also entering this new field. For example, some are creating capsules that can act as mini-factories in space to produce special medicines, while others are building reusable containers that can return supplies to Earth in about 90 minutes. This growing competition confirms that using space for fast logistics is becoming a real possibility, suggesting that a new era of super-fast delivery from orbit may be closer than we think. 1．What is the goal of the Arc spacecraft? A．To transport passengers into Earth’s orbit. B．To complete its first mission successfully by 2025. C．To achieve extremely fast goods delivery from space. D．To become the only spacecraft returning from orbit. 2．How is the Arc spacecraft designed to achieve accurate landings? A．By flying at slow speeds. B．By using a special parachute system. C．By landing only at prepared spaceports. D．By being controlled by pilots on the ground. 3．What is implied about the industry from the last paragraph? A．The Arc spacecraft has no unique advantages. B．Most companies have given up on similar projects. C．Inversion’s technology is far behind its competitors. D．The concept of space-based logistics is gaining acceptance. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The intense competition in the field of space logistics. B．The partnership between a private company and NASA． C．A technical challenge of designing a reusable spacecraft. D．A new spacecraft’s potential to change global delivery systems. 5 James Rebanks is a farmer who shepherds (放牧) sheep into grassland and words into books. He has a gift for showing the charm of his surroundings and the difficulties of his work, and for addressing the complex issues farmers face today. His book Pastoral Song, like his first bestseller The Shepherd’s Life, attracts readers with rich descriptions of England’s Lake District and Cumbrian hills, where his family has farmed for 600 years. However, it goes beyond just praise for the landscape. Inspired by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, Rebanks’ new book urgently conveys how the drive for cheap, mass-produced food has impoverished (使贫穷，使贫瘠) both small farmers and the soil, threatening humanity’s future. Rebanks hopes to help change this dangerous trend, not just by the environmental measures he has taken on his small family farm, but also through his books. Rebanks divides Pastoral Song into three sections: “Nostalgia” (怀旧) reflects on the hard but satisfying patterns of traditional farming in his grandfather’s time. “Progress”— an ironic tone— describes the new push for efficiency and increased production. Finally, there’s “Utopia”, which offers a more hopeful expectation. Rebanks describes the efforts he and his wife have taken to restore their land with the help of environmental organizers and conservation groups. They have reduced or avoided drugs and chemicals, bought feed and planted thousands of trees to renew the soil and reintroduce endangered plant species. “It isn’t a recipe for an easy life,” Rebanks admits. Nor for a profitable one; in addition to support from the government, he still needs a source of income outside the farm, which likely comes from his writing. But he hopes that his four children and their future generations will be proud of “the generation that was brave enough to face up to our own mistakes.” Pastoral Song is a call for “finding a balance” by using the land and animals responsibly and sustainably and considering long-term influences. Rebanks writes, “We can build a new English country lifestyle. Not a utopia, but somewhere decent for us all.” 1．What can we infer about Pastoral Song? A．It criticizes industrial farming. B．It focuses on landscape description. C．It introduces methods of family farming. D．It predicts future farming technologies. 2．Why is Silent Spring mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To highlight its literary value. B．To explain Rebanks’ inspiration. C．To show the struggles of farmers. D．To compare it with Pastoral Song. 3．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Writing a book. B．Mass-producing food. C．Seeking government support. D．Adopting sustainable farming. 4．Which of the following can best describe Rebanks? A．Courageous and kind. B．Positive and generous. C．Determined and practical. D．Devoted and flexible. 6 To see the divide between the best artificial intelligence and the mental capabilities of a seven-year-old child, look no further than the popular video game Minecraft. A child can learn to find a rare diamond in the game after watching a short YouTube video, while AI still struggles with the same task. However, a unique computing competition aims to narrow this gap and in the process, reduce the computing power required to train AIs. Competitors have up to four days and eight million steps to train their AIs to find a diamond. Although this is much longer than a child would need, it is significantly faster than typical AI training today. The contest promotes imitation learning, a method that imitates how humans or other AIs perform a task. This contrasts with reinforcement learning, which relies on trial and error — trying countless random actions to identify the best approach. While reinforcement (强化) learning has achieved successes like improving Netflix recommendations and mastering games, it demands enormous computational (计算的)resources and time. For instance, training AI to drive a car or win at complex games like Go has required simulations (模仿)equal to hundreds of years of computation — a cost only accessible to deep-pocketed organizations. Imitation learning offers a more efficient alternative. The MineRL Competition encourages participants to use this technique to teach AI to play Minecraft. According to William Guss, who leads the event, reinforcement learning alone would fail under the competition’s rules — an AI might only chop down a tree within the step limit, which is just one step toward making the tool needed to mine diamonds. Sponsored by Microsoft, the competition aims to inspire advances in imitation learning that extend beyond gaming. Improving this approach could help AIs interact more effectively with humans and operate in complex, uncertain environments. As Oriol Vinyals of Google DeepMind notes, imitation learning is core to intelligence — it allows rapid learning without starting from scratch. 1．What is one key advantage of imitation learning over reinforcement learning? A．It is less resource-intensive. B．It relies entirely on random actions. C．It requires more computing power. D．It only works well in simple games. 2．What does the word “deep-pocketed” in paragraph 3 mean? A．highly-intelligent B．well-funded C．widely-respected D．newly-discovered 3．What is the broader goal of the MineRL competition beyond success in Minecraft? A．To develop new video games for Microsoft. B．To eliminate the use of reinforcement learning. C．To motivate children to learn programming via games. D．To help AI interact better with humans and function better. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Outlining Microsoft’s Plans for Future AI B．Minecraft: A Child’s Game, AI’s nightmare C．Teaching AI Through Imitation: A Minecraft Challenge D．Using Reinforcement Learning to Train Smarter AI 7 "Regrets, I've had a few. But then again, too few to mention,” Frank Sinatra chanted in his 1969 hit "My Way”. The song's idea is attractive: that anyone can just declare what's done is done and move on. Some take the declaration a step further and claim they have no regrets at all. Whether a boast or an actual attitude, "no regrets” suggests that life can and should be lived without looking through the rear-view mirror. Easier said than done, though.Author Daniel H. Pink launched the World Regret Survey, the largest ever survey on the topic. With his research team, Pink asked more than 15,000 people in 105 countries, "How often do you look back on your life and wish you had done things differently?” 82% said regret is at least an occasional part of their life; roughly 21% said they feel regret "all the time.” Only 1% said they never feel regret. If you are of the "no regrets” type, you might think that all this regret is a recipe for unhappiness. But that isn't the case. True, being overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to the other extreme may be even worse. To rid yourself of regrets doesn't free you from shame or sorrow; it leads you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regret in its proper place. As uncomfortable as it is, regret is an amazing cognitive (认知) achievement. If today your relationship with your partner has soured, your regret might mentally take you back to last year. You would remember your being mean and sensitive, and then imagine yourself showing more patience, being kind instead of hurtful at key moments. Then you would fast-forward to today and see how your relationship could be progressing instead of languishing. But regret doesn't have to be left unmanaged. The trick is to acknowledge it and use it for learning and improvement. You can be honest with yourself about what went wrong and use that knowledge to enjoy better relationships in the future. 1．What should we do if we have had a bitter quarrel with a close friend according to Frank Sinatra? A．Attract more people to your argument. B．Send him/her a letter of apology. C．Boast about being more reasonable. D．Forget about it and just let it go. 2．Why did the author mention the World Regret Survey? A．To introduce the work of author Daniel H. Pink. B．To provide statistical evidence that regret is widespread. C．To show that the "no regrets” attitude is rare and unrealistic. D．To compare different people's attitudes towards regret. 3．What does the underlined word "languishing” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Improving. B．Healing. C．Showing up. D．Breaking up. 4．What does the author intend to tell us in this passage? A．"No regrets” is a realistic and healthy attitude towards life. B．It is better to feel overwhelming regret than to feel none at all. C．Regret can be beneficial if people know how to handle it properly. D．It is impossible and unwise for people to live a life without any regrets. 8 In the digital era, where social media floods with ceaseless sharing, 26-year-old illustrator Lina from Hangzhou stands as a striking example. She regularly posts artworks and travel snapshots on Instagram but seldom replies to comments or engages in private conversations. “I love sharing fragments (碎片) of my life, yet building deep connections with strangers feels emotionally exhausting”, she admits. Lina’s attitude represents a growing trend among today’s youth: light socializing, a pattern that prioritizes self-expression over intensive emotional bonds in the virtual world. Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once a hub (中心) for developing relationships, has changed into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation. Instead of seeking active interactions, they share content like scenic photos or daily routines, with little expectation of feedback. Actions such as casually unfollowing, blocking strangers or using 24-hour disappearing posts show their wish to avoid burdensome “emotional labor” from shallow virtual ties. This shift comes from their desire to escape overwhelming pressure from empty digital interactions. While critics dismiss light socializing as a sign of “emotional coldness”, it actually reflects a thoughtful adaptation. Psychologist Lu Chen argues that by embracing this approach, young people regain control over their online space — sharing freely without the anxiety of meeting others’ expectations. Even social platforms have evolved to meet this need: many now offer “silent modes”, such as hidden interaction records and one-way posting features, acknowledging the widespread acceptance of light socializing. In a world tightly bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection. It is not a refusal of social bonds but a wise pursuit of healthier, more autonomous online engagement. This trend shows the younger generation’s maturity in safeguarding their mental well-being, representing a forward-looking and thoughtful approach to modern social interactions. 1．What does Lina do on social media? A．She only posts artworks. B．She shares life but skips deep chats. C．She never replies to comments. D．She focuses on building deep online bonds. 2．According to Min Li, what has social media become for young people now? A．A center for deep relationships. B．A platform for personal display. C．A tool to seek frequent interactions. D．A space to reduce pressure by virtual ties. 3．What can we infer about “light socializing”? A．It encourages safe online engagement. B．It makes young people emotionally cold. C．It relies mainly on platforms’ silent modes. D．It abandons social bonds to protect mental health. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Keep Silent Mode On B．Keep the Digital Distance C．Social Media: “Self-showcase” Platform D．Emotional Coldness: Online Life’s Secret 9 Some might suggest that a doorstopper about “the influence of the horse on human history” couldn’t possibly be interesting. No. I say no. In fact, Timothy C． Winegard’s The Horse is fantastic, offering a fresh view on how crucial horses were in human development. And it almost didn’t happen. Sudden climate changes at the end of the Ice Age drove horses to the edge of extinction. The rest of the animals once found through much of the world were then largely limited to an area that runs roughly from Eastern Europe to Central Asia — where they were hunted for food. The horse might have gone the way of other animals had it not been tamed (驯化) like cattle. When someone decided to jump on the back of one of the horses, it started “a revolution” that changed the world. Riding horses helped farmers raise more sheep and goats, and hunters cover more ground. When horses replaced oxen, their quicker speed allowed more land to be handled, increased yields and changed farmers to exporters. Naturally, horses became instruments of war. The earliest known true cavalry (骑兵) formation belonged to the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta II. In relatively short order, cavalry units made the difference in battle. Those nations that had horses won wars; those that didn’t tried to get them. In many ways, these conflicts created the world we have today. Alexander extended the boundaries of his kingdom — and Greek culture — through Persia, India and beyond because of the success of his cavalry. Besides, horses were the deciding factor in the Battle of Hastings, where William, the Duke of Normandy — who had cavalry units — soundly defeated the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, creating the modern British state. The Horse is extensively researched. It is interesting, charming and entertaining. But I know: I can lead you to a bookstore, but I can’t make you read. 1．When did horses start to make the world different? A．After people domesticated them for riding. B．After Asians raised them as a food source. C．After they were exported all over the world. D．After the climate changed during the Ice Age. 2．What is the advantage of horses? A．Power. B．Bravery. C．Efficiency. D．Intelligence. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The training of cavalry for battles. B．The contributions of horses in wars. C．The fantastic achievements of kings. D．The expansion of powerful kingdoms. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To astonish the curious readers. B．To summarize the recent history. C．To criticize an improper viewpoint. D．To recommend an awesome book. 10 A longtime University of Iowa professor’s life-changing cystic fibrosis (囊性纤维化) research was honored with one of biomedicine’s most famous awards — often referred to as the “American Nobel.” Dr. Michael J. Welsh, along with two other scientists, won the 2025 Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award for their work on treatments that have lengthened and bettered the lives of patients with cystic fibrosis. A genetic disorder that causes thick mucus (黏液) to block organ functions, cystic fibrosis most often affects the lungs where infections lead to progressive destruction. When Welsh started his medical career nearly 50 years ago, cystic fibrosis was a serious disease, with patients rarely seeing their 30th birthday. Facing numerous failures, he never gave up, believing that answers would be found. Using Welsh’s results, the two other honored scientists worked for decades to develop Trikafta, a drug that made cystic cystic fibrosis possible to control for about 90% of those diagnosed. Today, cystic fibrosis patients’ life expectancy can be well into the 80s. Specifically, Welsh’s research changed the fundamental understanding of a critical protein, known as CFTR, and how it is transformed by a gene mutation (突变) in cystic fibrosis patients, resulting in a breakdown of the body’s usual protective systems. With that knowledge, Welsh’s team proved that if cooled down, the mutated CFTR protein could be “corrected” in a sense, a key discovery that allowed scientists to explore the possibility of a more permanent fix to the protein’s damage. “Mike Welsh’s work illustrates how fundamental science—driven by curiosity, cooperation, and purpose—can lead to transformative innovations and treatments,” Dr. Denise Jamieson, the university’s vice president, says in a news release. While Welsh said that he is “incredibly honored to receive this award,” he points to the cooperative science and the many unnamed researchers who made the groundbreaking work possible. “For me, it is truly a celebration of our entire scientific enterprise,” Welsh said in the release. By sharing credit with all contributors, he showed his dedication to the scientific cause. 1．Why is “American Nobel” mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To show why this award is highly respected. B．To stress the challenges of fibrosis treatment. C．To prove the research deserves the Nobel Prize. D．To explain why the research gained world fame. 2．What is the primary significance of Dr. Welsh’s research? A．Discovering the genetic cause of cystic fibrosis. B．Developing the final drug combination for patients. C．Transforming a deadly disease into a manageable one. D．Serving as a new diagnosis basis for cystic fibrosis. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The main difficulties in protein research. B．The process of developing a new fibrosis treatment. C．A full explanation of how gene changes affect health. D．A breakthrough discovery about fixing a faulty protein. 4．Which of the following can best describe Dr. Welsh? A．Determined and humble. B．Strict and responsible. C．Independent and creative. D．Courageous and confident. 11 Exciting news is on the horizon as California power authorities have successfully completed their groundbreaking solar panel-covered canal project, which promises to generate a remarkable 1.6 megawatts (兆瓦) of clean energy. This innovative initiative, led by the Turlock Irrigation District Water & Power, plays a vital role in irrigating (灌溉) essential crops like cotton and tomatoes in the heart of California’s central valley. The inspiration for this project came from a 2021 research paper by scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who discovered that covering canals with solar panels could save an astonishing 63.5 billion gallons of water from evaporation (蒸发) each year. This brilliant idea not only conserves water but also offers an incredible benefit: for every megawatt of solar energy produced during Turlock’s average 290 sunny days, the panels could replace 15-20 diesel (柴油) generators that traditionally pump water along these canals. Known as Project Nexus, this initiative took flight in October 2022. It stands out in the world and the second of its kind in the US. The project will be closely monitored to see how its performance matches the promising projections. The concept of placing solar panels over canals isn’t new; it first emerged in 2014 in Gujarat, India, where a pilot project successfully covered a stretch of canal and paved the way for an entire canal-topped solar plant. Researchers in India found that the water beneath the panels helped maintain ideal temperatures, leading to a 2-5% improvement in efficiency. In addition to conserving water and minimizing land use for solar farms, the panels’ unique placement helps extend their lifespan by keeping them cooler. This innovative approach also limits the growth of harmful plants along the canals, reducing the need for manual or chemical clearing. With about 4,000 miles of canals across California, the potential for taking advantage of solar energy is tremendous, with estimates suggesting they could generate up to 13 gigawatts of power. This would be enough to supply energy to around 750,000 homes, effectively lighting up nearly half of Los Angeles. 1．What can we know about the solar-covered canal project from Santa Cruz’s research? A．It is energy-saving and eco-friendly. B．Its economic benefit is limited in real use. C．It has changed previous irrigation methods. D．It is designed to solve the water shortage problem. 2．How did the Indian project influence California’s Project Nexus? A．By supplying critical equipment. B．By demonstrating possibility. C．By providing the technical designs. D．By offering precise data on temperatures. 3．What does the underlined word “tremendous” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．控制的。 B．暂时的。 C．重大的。 D．定义的。 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．How Canals Can Help Save Energy B．California’s Fight for Water Supply C．Solar panels: A New Use for Canals D．Project Nexus: A Solar Success Case 12 Architect Liu Jiakun was awarded the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize on Tuesday, making him the second winner from China to earn the highest honor in the field of architecture after Wang Shu in 2012. Living in Chengdu, the capital of southwestern China’s Sichuan province, Liu’s career spans four decades and over 30 projects. He established Jiakun architects in 1999 and is devoted to creating an expansive collection of works ranging from small, beautiful museums and monuments and vast commercial buildings to master plans for cities. “The purpose of architecture is to create a beautiful, just and dignified living environment. People’s real lives, happiness and dignity are what we strive for,” says Liu. The prize’s jury statement says that “intertwining (交织) seemingly opposing things such as idealism versus everyday existence, history versus modernity, and collectivism versus individuality, Liu offers affirming architecture that celebrates the lives of ordinary citizens”. Wang, the 2012 Pritzker recipient, tells China Daily that Liu’s winning is encouraging: “His works are very local, yet modern, directly addressing the challenges facing the transformation of contemporary Chinese cities.” Wang says both he and Liu pursue contemporary architecture rooted in tradition. Many architects around the world attempt to do the same, yet their style has never become mainstream. “I believe Liu’s winning holds great significance and will resonate with those architects,” he adds. Liu’s focus on ordinary people is reflected in his largest project West Village, a five-story urban complex completed in 2015 in Chengdu. The complex includes a football field, paths for cyclists and pedestrians, and a market. The block has become a popular public space and a destination for the city’s residents to spend leisure time. Hearing the news that Liu won the Pritzker Prize, many netizens who have visited the West Village and the museums he designed expressed that his architecture reflects a precious sense of relaxation, much like the vibrant city of Chengdu itself, which is known for its giant pandas, hotpot and leisurely pace. 1．What do we know about Liu Jiakun? A．He is the first Chinese winner of the Pritzker Prize. B．His career spans 40 years with over 30 projects. C．He founded Jiakun architects in 2012 in Chengdu. D．His works only include museums and monuments. 2．What is a feature of Liu Jiakun’s architectural works? A．Pursuit of tradition-based modernity. B．Concentration on outline. C．Integration with surroundings. D．Combination with foreign styles. 3．The example of West Village is used to illustrate that ________. A．Liu Jiakun pays attention to the needs of ordinary people B．Liu Jiakun’s projects are all large-scale urban complexes C．public spaces in Chengdu are not popular among residents D．football fields are unnecessary in urban complex design 4．Which of the following words can best describe Liu Jiakun? A．Energetic and optimistic. B．Outgoing and responsible. C．Courageous and generous. D．Committed and creative. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $