技巧03 主旨大意题的答题优化策略（全国通用）2026年高考英语阅读理解突破策略及押题

技巧03 主旨大意题的答题优化策略 策略分析 高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题是考查考生整体把握文本能力的核心题型，要求考生通过梳理文章结构、整合段落核心信息，提炼出文章的中心思想、段落主旨或作者的写作目的，而非关注个别细节。主旨大意题有如下特征：（1）概括性强：正确答案需涵盖文章或段落的核心内容，具有宏观总结性，避免选择仅涉及局部细节的选项。（2）提问指向明确：题干常包含“main idea”“best title”“purpose”“mainly talk about”等标志性词汇，直接指向对“整体内容”的考查。（3）干扰项特征固定：常见干扰项多为“以偏概全”（仅概括某一段落）、“过度延伸”（超出文章讨论范围）或“无中生有”（提及文章未涉及的话题）。 答题突破技巧 一、主题句定位法 —— 抓 “信号词 + 核心句” 精准破题 【操作技巧】 80% 以上的议论文、说明文主旨藏在 “主题句” 中，常见于首段尾句、段首句或转折词后（如 however、in conclusion）。 首段尾句：文章开篇通常会进行背景铺垫或现象引入，作者往往在首段末尾抛出核心观点。例如在探讨人工智能发展的文章中，前几句先罗列 AI 在各领域的应用案例，尾句点明 "AI 技术的伦理边界亟待明确"，直接揭示文章主旨。 段首句：每段段首常为该段的核心论点，若文章段落结构清晰，将各段首句串联起来，便能梳理出文章的主旨脉络。以分析网购利弊的文章为例，各段首句分别阐述 "网购便利性重塑消费习惯"" 虚假信息引发信任危机 " 等，整合后可提炼出文章对网购全面辩证的态度。 转折词后：像 however、but、in conclusion 这类转折词，往往标志着作者真实意图的转折或总结。例如在论述社交媒体影响的文章中，前文先描述社交平台的积极作用，用 "However, the hidden privacy risks cannot be ignored" 转折后，引出文章重点探讨的隐私安全问题。 【阅读语段】 Urban gardening has gained popularity in recent years, but many people overlook its most unexpected benefit: pollination support. A 2024 study found that city gardens with native plants attract 37% more bees than rural farms using pesticides. "Cities aren’t just concrete jungles—they’re vital refuges for declining pollinators," says entomologist Dr. Lena Hart. In conclusion, urban gardening isn’t just a hobby; it’s a critical conservation tool for protecting global pollinator populations. What is the main idea of the paragraph? A. Urban gardening is a popular hobby worldwide B. Native plants are better for bees than pesticides C. Urban gardening helps protect pollinators D. Cities are important refuges for wildlife 【技巧应用】 定位信号词：在分析高考英语阅读理解文章时，要特别留意各类总结性信号词。以某篇真题为例，语段末句出现总结词 “in conclusion”，这类词如同导航路标，明确指示此处内容具有总结性质，据此我们可迅速锁定该句为主题句。通过长期真题研究发现，带有 “in conclusion”“therefore”“in summary” 等总结词的句子，80% 以上概率为主题句。 提取核心：找到主题句后，需精准提炼其核心内容。在上述案例中，主题句 “urban gardening... is a critical conservation tool for protecting global pollinator populations” 清晰表明，文章核心在于阐述城市园艺在保护全球传粉者种群方面，是至关重要的保护手段。此时要摒弃对句子中无关修饰成分的关注，聚焦主谓宾等关键信息，准确把握文章主旨。 匹配选项：将提炼出的核心内容与题目选项进行比对。选项 C 对主题句进行了合理的同义替换，准确概括了文章主旨，因此是正确答案。选项 A 仅提及 “urban gardening” 是 “popular hobby”，这只是文章中的一个片面信息，未能涵盖城市园艺对保护传粉者种群的重要意义；选项 B 聚焦 “native plants”，这属于文章中的细节内容，并非主旨；选项 D 将保护对象从原文的 “pollinators” 扩大到 “wildlife”，超出了文章论述范围，均不符合要求。 二、高频词锁定法 —— 抓 “重复核心词” 锚定主旨 【操作技巧】 文章围绕 “高频词” 展开，统计重复出现的名词 / 名词短语（3 次以上），可快速定位核心话题。这一技巧基于英语语篇的连贯特性 —— 作者通常会通过重复关键词、使用同义词或近义词等方式，强化文章主题。例如在一篇探讨人工智能对教育影响的文章中，“artificial intelligence” “education” “learning methods” 等词若频繁出现，基本可判定文章核心聚焦于二者关联。在实际解题时，建议先通读段落首尾句，快速抓取高频词汇，再结合段落间逻辑关系，最终锁定文章主旨。此外，要特别注意区分高频词的 “有效重复”，排除仅作为例子或细节出现的词汇干扰。 【阅读语段】 Urban beekeeping, the practice of raising bees in cities, has become a global movement. More than 500 cities in Europe now have urban beekeeping programs, and New York City alone has over 3,000 registered urban beekeepers. Experts explain that urban beekeeping not only produces local honey but also helps sustain wild bee populations. Even schools are joining the trend—many have set up small hives to teach students about urban beekeeping and ecology. What is the passage mainly about? A. The benefits of local honey production B. The rise of urban beekeeping worldwide C. How schools teach ecology through bees D. Wild bee populations in European cities 【技巧应用】 统计高频词：在阅读文本时，快速扫描全文，统计各关键词出现的频次是识别主旨的有效方法。以某篇阅读材料为例，“urban beekeeping”（城市养蜂）一词出现了 4 次，远超其他词汇，成为全文最高频核心词，这强烈暗示其与文章主旨密切相关。高频词往往是作者反复强调的核心概念，是文章论述的关键所在。 排除非核心词：通过对比发现，“honey”（蜂蜜）、“schools”（学校）、“wild bee”（野生蜜蜂）在文中仅出现 1 次。这些单次出现的词汇多是为了辅助说明核心内容而引入的细节信息，它们围绕核心概念展开，但本身并不能代表文章主旨。在筛选主旨时，应果断排除这些非核心词，避免被次要信息干扰判断。 验证主旨：进一步深入分析文本内容，发现整个语段围绕 “urban beekeeping” 展开，从多个角度体现其流行趋势：文中提到 “global movement”（全球运动），说明城市养蜂是一个广泛的全球性现象；“cities have programs”（城市推出相关项目）表明各地城市积极推动城市养蜂；“schools join”（学校参与）则展现了教育领域对城市养蜂的关注与支持。通过这样对文本的全面梳理，选项 B 精准概括了文章主旨，而其余选项因偏离高频词核心，无法准确提炼文章核心内容，因此可判定为错误选项。 三、干扰项排除法 —— 识 “命题陷阱” 反向验证 【操作技巧】 主旨题干扰项常具备 “偷换概念、以偏概全、无中生有” 等特征，通过 “选项溯源原文” 可逐一排除。 偷换概念：命题人会巧妙替换关键词的修饰限定成分，或用近义词替换核心词汇制造语义偏差。例如将原文 "sustainable urban development" 替换为 "rapid urban expansion"，看似相关实则改变论述核心。 以偏概全：把段落细节或分论点包装成全文主旨。如某篇探讨人工智能伦理的文章，选项却聚焦于某类算法技术，忽略其他维度的讨论。 无中生有：编造原文未提及的观点或结论。当选项中出现绝对化表述（如 "must" "never"）且无法在原文找到对应支撑时，需格外警惕。 选项溯源三步法：① 圈定选项核心关键词；② 在文中定位对应段落；③ 对比范围、情感倾向与逻辑关系，精准识别陷阱选项。 【阅读语段】 Remote work has changed office culture dramatically. A 2025 survey of 10,000 employees found that 68% prefer hybrid work schedules, while 22% want full remote work. Employers report challenges like managing team communication, but most agree that remote work boosts employee retention. However, remote work hasn’t eliminated office spaces—many companies now design smaller, more collaborative offices for in-person meetings. 【试题】 Which of the following best summarizes the passage? A. Remote work has made office spaces unnecessary B. Employees prefer full remote work to hybrid schedules C. Remote work has transformed office culture with pros and cons D. Employers struggle with remote work communication 【技巧应用】 识别陷阱选项：在高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题中，命题人常设置多种陷阱干扰考生判断。以某篇探讨办公模式变革的文章为例，选项 A 存在 “正话反说” 的陷阱，原文明确指出 “hasn’t eliminated office spaces”，即办公空间并未被完全取代，可选项 A 却暗示办公空间已被消除，与原文表意截然相反；选项 B 则属于 “偷换概念” 类型，原文表明 “68% prefer hybrid”（68% 的人倾向于混合办公模式），但选项 B 将其偷换为 “prefer full remote”（倾向于完全远程办公），曲解了原文核心观点；选项 D 犯了 “以偏概全” 的错误，它仅提及 “employers’ challenges”（雇主面临的挑战），却忽略了员工偏好、办公室实际使用变化等关键信息，无法全面概括文章主旨。 锁定正确项：正确选项 C 的设置极具代表性，它精准涵盖了 “transformed office culture”（办公文化的变革）这一核心变化，同时包含 “pros and cons”（利弊），其中 “利” 体现为员工的不同偏好，“弊” 则对应雇主面临的挑战 ，从整体上高度契合全文内容，完整且准确地提炼出文章主旨，是解答主旨大意题时典型的正确答案范例。 四、结构分析法 —— 理 “总分逻辑” 抓整体框架 【操作技巧】 高考英语阅读理解文章的结构布局存在明显规律，最常见的为 “总 - 分”“分 - 总” 以及 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构。“总 - 分” 结构中，作者通常会在文章开头或段落首句抛出核心观点，随后用具体事例、数据或分析进行支撑；“分 - 总” 结构则先罗列现象、分析问题，最后在结尾处总结核心结论；“总 - 分 - 总” 结构兼具前两者特点，首尾呼应点明主旨。 考生可以通过精准识别段落间 “观点 + 例证”“问题 + 解决”“现象 + 结论” 等逻辑关系，快速锁定关键信息。例如，若段落中出现 "For example" "Such as" 等举例标志词，其前后的观点句往往是段落重点；遇到 "However" "Nevertheless" 等转折词，则需重点关注转折后的内容。通过系统梳理这些逻辑脉络，能有效提炼出文章主旨，攻克主旨大意题这一难关。 【阅读语段】 There are three key ways to reduce food waste at home. First, meal planning helps avoid impulsive purchases—writing a weekly menu cuts waste by 23%, according to a 2024 study. Second, proper storage extends food life: freezing bread and labeling leftovers can prevent spoilage. Third, using "ugly" produce reduces waste too—imperfect fruits and vegetables are just as nutritious as perfect ones but often get thrown away. By combining these methods, families can cut food waste by up to 50%. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain why food waste happens at home B. To introduce ways to reduce home food waste C. To compare different food storage methods D. To highlight the benefits of meal planning 【技巧应用】 梳理结构：在处理阅读理解文本时，分析文章结构是把握主旨大意的关键第一步。以该文本为例，首句便开宗明义提出核心观点 “three key ways to reduce food waste”（减少食物浪费的三种关键方法），为全文奠定基调。随后作者采用 “分点阐述” 的方式，分别从 “meal planning”（膳食计划）、“storage”（储存方法）、“ugly produce”（不美观农产品利用）三个维度展开详细举例说明，用具体案例和数据支撑核心观点。末句通过总结实施这些方法后的显著效果，形成 “总 - 分 - 总” 的经典结构。这种结构能帮助读者快速定位主旨，即文章围绕减少食物浪费的方法展开论述。 排除细节项：在解答主旨大意题时，命题人常设置以偏概全的干扰项。选项 C “storage” 仅聚焦文章分述部分中关于食物储存的单一方法，选项 D “meal planning” 同样只对应膳食计划这一局部内容，二者均无法涵盖全文核心。而选项 A “why waste happens”（食物浪费发生的原因）在原文中并未涉及，属于无中生有的干扰项。通过对这些选项的细致分析，可有效排除不符合主旨的内容。 匹配总起句：正确选项的选择需与文章主旨高度契合。选项 B 与文章首句 “three key ways to reduce food waste” 形成精准呼应，不仅涵盖了文章论述的核心话题，还完整概括了文本通过多种方法减少食物浪费的核心内容，是最能准确体现全文主旨的选项。在实际解题中，当发现选项与文章总起句或总结句表述一致时，该选项极有可能是正确答案，这一技巧能帮助考生高效锁定正确选项。 五、文体特征法 —— 借 “文体规律” 定位主旨位置 【操作技巧】 不同文体的主旨位置固定（新闻在导语、议论文在首尾段、记叙文在情感升华句），可直接套用规律定位。 新闻类文本：新闻讲究时效性与核心信息前置，其导语部分（通常为首段或首句）会高度概括事件核心，如时间、地点、人物和关键事件，快速抓住新闻主旨。例如报道科技创新的新闻，导语会点明创新成果及重大意义。 议论文体：议论文围绕论点展开论述，论点多位于文章开头，通过开门见山的方式提出观点；也可能在结尾，通过总结前文论据，在文末得出结论，点明主旨。比如探讨网络利弊的议论文，开头直接抛出对网络利弊的看法，或结尾综合分析后得出结论。 记叙文体：记叙文以叙事为主，主旨往往在文章结尾的情感升华句中体现，通过对事件的描述，在结尾表达作者的感悟、思考或情感倾向，使读者领悟故事背后的深层意义 。 【阅读语段】 Scientists at the Marine Research Institute announced a breakthrough on October 15: they have developed a new material that can remove microplastics from ocean water. The material, made from recycled seaweed, traps 98% of microplastics in lab tests. "This could be a game-changer for ocean conservation," said lead researcher Dr. Mia Chen. The team plans to test the material in real oceans next year. What is the news mainly about? A. The problem of microplastics in oceans B. A new material to remove ocean microplastics C. The use of recycled seaweed in science D. Plans for ocean conservation projects 【技巧应用】 识别文体：在解答高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题时，首先需要精准判断文章体裁。以某篇真题为例，其首句出现 “announced a breakthrough”（宣布一项重大突破）以及具体时间 “on October 15”（10 月 15 日），这些典型要素高度契合新闻文体 “导语即主旨” 的核心特征。新闻类文章通常会在导语部分直接呈现最重要的事件或观点，这一特点为我们快速锁定文章主旨提供了重要线索。 定位导语核心：通过对上述新闻导语的深度剖析，我们可以明确提炼出核心信息 ——“developed a new material that can remove microplastics from ocean water”（开发出一种能够从海水中去除微塑料的新材料）。这一关键表述不仅点明了新闻事件的核心内容，也为后续选择正确答案指明了方向。在实际答题过程中，同学们要善于抓住导语中的核心动词和关键名词，这些往往是揭示文章主旨的关键所在。 验证选项：将题目中的各个选项与我们提炼出的导语核心信息进行细致比对。选项 B 的内容与导语核心表述直接对应，准确概括了文章主旨；而选项 A 聚焦于 “problem”（问题），选项 C 强调 “seaweed use”（海藻的使用），选项 D 涉及 “plans”（计划），这些均属于文章中围绕核心事件展开的次要信息，无法全面准确地概括文章主旨，不符合新闻类文章主旨定位的基本规律。因此，在验证选项时，一定要紧扣导语核心，避免被次要信息干扰，从而做出正确的选择。 六、逆向验证法 —— 以 “选项为标题” 反推原文内容 【操作技巧】 在解答 “最佳标题题” 时，可采用逆向验证法，将每个选项假设为文章标题，通过三个维度判断其适配性： 内容覆盖度：标题是否能精准概括文章核心论点、关键论据及主要情节？例如，若文章围绕 "AI 在教育领域的伦理争议" 展开论述，标题却仅提及 "AI 技术发展"，则属于范围过小； 概念匹配度：标题中的核心概念是否与文章核心讨论对象完全对应？若文章聚焦于 "青少年心理健康干预"，标题使用泛化概念 "人类心理研究" 则存在范围过大问题； 情感一致性：标题传递的情感基调（积极 / 消极 / 中性）是否与文章论述倾向相符？例如讽刺类文章使用正向陈述标题，会导致表意偏差。 叙述精准度：警惕以偏概全的选项（如仅涵盖某一段落细节），或过度引申的表述（超出文章实际讨论范畴）。 【阅读语段】 Volunteering abroad can be life-changing, but it requires careful preparation. First, research the organization: avoid "voluntourism" groups that exploit local communities. Second, learn basic phrases in the local language—this shows respect and helps communication. Third, pack appropriately: bring reusable items and avoid gifts that may harm the local environment. Finally, keep an open mind—cultural differences are part of the experience. Which is the best title for the passage? A. The Benefits of Volunteering Abroad B. How to Choose a Volunteering Organization C. Preparing for Responsible International Volunteering D. Cultural Differences in Volunteer Work 【技巧应用】 逆向假设验证：在处理主旨大意题时，逆向假设验证法是一种高效且精准的解题策略。通过假设每个选项为文章标题，再与原文实际内容进行对比分析，能够快速甄别出选项与原文在核心内容、涵盖范围等方面的契合度。 若以 “A. The Life-Changing Benefits of Overseas Volunteering” 作为标题，按照正常的行文逻辑，文章内容应着重围绕海外志愿活动所带来的 “benefits”（益处）展开，深入探讨这些益处如何改变人生。然而，仔细研读原文后会发现，仅有首句轻描淡写地提及 “life-changing”（改变人生），后续大篇幅内容都聚焦于 “preparation”（准备工作），如语言学习、物资打包等。这就表明该选项的侧重点与原文严重不符，其范围设定过宽，无法精准概括文章核心，因此可排除。 “B. How to Research the Organization for Overseas Volunteering” 选项仅对应原文中 “research the organization”（研究志愿组织）这一个局部内容。而原文除了组织研究外，还详细阐述了语言能力提升、合理打包物资等多方面内容，该选项未能将这些重要信息纳入其中，涵盖面过于狭窄，无法全面反映文章全貌，不能作为文章的主旨标题。 当我们假设 “C. Preparing for a Responsible Overseas Volunteering” 为标题时，根据标题所传达的信息，文章应围绕 “负责任的海外志愿活动的准备” 展开叙述。进一步分析原文，会发现文章不仅详细介绍了准备工作，还着重强调了 “避免剥削” 以及 “环保” 等重要内容，这些要点都与 “负责任” 紧密相关，同时也紧扣 “preparation” 这一核心动作。该选项与原文内容在主题和逻辑上完全匹配，能够精准概括文章主旨。 “D. Understanding Cultural Differences in Overseas Volunteering” 选项仅仅对应原文末句提及的 “cultural differences”（文化差异）这一细节内容。主旨大意题需要提炼文章的核心观点，而该选项仅关注了一个细节点，无法体现文章整体的核心内容和行文脉络，因此不能作为文章的标题。 锁定标题：经过对各个选项的逆向假设验证，选项 C “Preparing for a Responsible Overseas Volunteering” 既牢牢抓住了 “preparing” 这一贯穿全文的核心动作，又通过 “responsible” 一词精准呼应了原文中隐含的对海外志愿活动应秉持的责任要求，无论是在内容涵盖度还是逻辑契合度上，都远超其他选项，无疑是最能准确概括文章主旨的最佳答案。 突破演练 1 A touching moment at an airport was captured in a Reddit video shared by users. In the clip, a young girl in a wheelchair approaches a pianist setting up to play. Flashing a confident smile, she asks if he would like to perform together. The pianist agrees without hesitation, asking which instrument she plays. When she replies, “cello,” excitement fills the air. Moments later, the pianist, the young cellist, and her teacher take their places on the platform, ready to create a beautiful musical collaboration. The airport grew silent as the young girl, filled with excitement, began playing alongside the pianist. Travelers quickly gathered near the public piano, absorbed in the unexpected performance and recording the moment on their phones. The cellist, 17-year-old Valentina, who is living with a rare muscle disease, poured her heart into the music, moving many in the crowd to tears. Even the pianist admitted he was in awe. “Music is my medicine,” Valentina said a heartfelt message that struck a chord with everyone. The travelers witnessed the incredible power of her music. By the end, her teacher’s proud smile reflected the inspiring spirit of this extraordinary musician. Reddit users described the performance as a shining example of humanity at its best. Many praised music’s ability to unite and heal (治愈), while the teacher’s role in making it happen earned widespread admiration. The heartfelt video touched viewers deeply, highlighting the profound impact of music and human resilience. One commenter praised the young cellist’s talent and determination, which shone through in the emotional performance, highlighting how music can overcome physical challenges and touch people worldwide. Others reflected on music’s profound impact, explaining its ability to influence brain function and well-being in humans and other living beings. One story shared described a deer attracted by a musician’s performance, emphasizing music’s universal appeal. 1．What did the video show? A．The airport was noisy with a lot of people around. B．The teacher was excited to see the famous pianist. C．The pianist was willing to cooperate with the girl. D．The disabled girl was embarrassed to perform in public. 2．How did the travelers respond to the musical cooperation? A．They were fascinated and shot the scene. B．They complained and asked for silence. C．They expressed admiration for Valentina’s talent. D．They praised the teacher’s role in making it happen. 3．What do we know about Valentina from the article? A．She used music to treat her illness. B．She was empowered spiritually by music. C．She preferred music over medical treatment. D．She suffered from a common muscle disorder. 4．Which of the following do commenters agree with? A．Music can cure people’s physical pain. B．Cooperation is a must in performances. C．Music has a force of healing and appeal. D．Teachers are crucial in training talents. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。Reddit视频中，患罕见肌肉病的17岁轮椅女孩瓦伦蒂娜与钢琴家合奏，感动众人，展现音乐治愈力与人性光辉。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Moments later, the pianist, the young cellist, and her teacher take their places on the platform, ready to create a beautiful musical collaboration.(片刻之后，这位钢琴家、这位年轻的大提琴手以及她的老师在舞台上就位，准备进行一场美妙的音乐合作)”可知，这段视频展示了那位钢琴家愿意与那个女孩合作。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Travelers quickly gathered near the public piano, absorbed in the unexpected performance and recording the moment on their phones.(旅客们很快聚集在公共钢琴旁，被这场意外的表演深深吸引，并用手机记录下了这一时刻)”可知，旅客们对这场音乐表演的合作被深深吸引，并拍摄下了这一场景。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段““Music is my medicine,” Valentina said a heartfelt message that struck a chord with everyone.(瓦伦蒂娜深情地说出了这样一句话：“音乐是我的良药”这番话深深触动了所有人，引起了共鸣)”可知，瓦伦蒂娜通过音乐获得了精神上的力量。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“One commenter praised the young cellist’s talent and determination, which shone through in the emotional performance, highlighting how music can overcome physical challenges and touch people worldwide. Others reflected on music’s profound impact, explaining its ability to influence brain function and well-being in humans and other living beings.(一位评论者称赞了这位年轻大提琴手的才华和毅力，其在充满情感的演奏中充分展现了出来，同时也强调了音乐如何能够克服身体上的障碍，并触动全世界的人们。其他人则从音乐的深远影响角度进行了思考，解释了音乐能够影响人类及其他生物的大脑功能和身心健康)”可知，评论者们认为音乐具有治愈和吸引人的力量。故选C。 2 When it comes to the business of moving elephants, Dr. Amir Khalil and his team might be the best. The work experience of this Egyptian animal doctor includes possibly the most famous elephant relocation ever. In 2020, Khalil’s team saved Kaavan, an Asian elephant, from years of loneliness at a zoo in Pakistan. They flew him to Cambodia, where he could live a happier life at an elephant reserve. The relocation project was a great success. After that, there was Charley, an African elephant in South Africa. Charley had been living in Pretoria Zoo for more than 20 years. Since his partner passed away in 2020, he was extremely unhappy. Elephants are very sensitive animals. Zoo officials hoped that he could spend his remaining years in a better place. His new home was going to be a private game reserve 200 kilometres away. Charley was captured (捕获) in Zimbabwe in the 1980s. He spent 16 years in a circus and then 23 years at the zoo. It is estimated that he is 42 years old and has been in captivity for 40 years. As an animal rescue specialist, Khalil was selected for this task. Two other doctors, who had participated in Kaavan’s relocation, also joined in. They met Charley two years ago to assess whether he was ready for relocation and to earn his trust. They trained Charley to enter a transport container by using his favourite foods such as pumpkins. To everyone’s surprise, he was ready in less than two weeks. In late August, Charley was moved to the Shambala reserve. At first, he will be kept in a separate area to adapt to the new environment. It is quite rare for captive elephants to be returned to the wild. Khalil praised the zoo and the government. At Shambala, Charley will be free and might recall his early life. He has already started communicating with other elephants. 1．What did Dr. Amir Khalil’s team do in 2020? A．They helped transport an Asian elephant to Cambodia. B．They moved an elephant from South Africa to Cambodia. C．They built a new elephant reserve in Pakistan. D．They found a partner for an elephant in a zoo. 2．Why was Charley unhappy? A．He disliked the Pretoria Zoo. B．He was captured in Zimbabwe. C．His partner died. D．He spent most of his time in captivity. 3．What will happen to Charley first at the Shambala reserve? A．He’ll be kept in a separate area. B．He’ll join the wild elephant herds. C．He’ll meet his old friends. D．He’ll have to adapt to pumpkins. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Difficulties Dr. Amir Khalil and His Team Have Met B．Dr. Amir Khalil and His Team’s Success in Elephant Relocation C．Methods of Moving Elephants from One Place to Another D．Zoos and Elephant Conservation All Over the World 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Amir Khalil博士及其团队通过专业训练和科学方案，成功将受困于动物园的大象Kaavan和Charley迁移至更适宜的栖息地。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2020, Khalil’s team saved Kaavan, an Asian elephant, from years of loneliness at a zoo in Pakistan. They flew him to Cambodia, where he could live a happier life at an elephant reserve. (2020年，Khalil博士的团队成功将亚洲象Kaavan从巴基斯坦一家动物园的多年孤独中解救出来。他们用飞机将Kaavan运送至柬埔寨，让它能够在一处大象保护区开始更幸福的生活)”可知，2020年，Khalil博士的团队帮助将一头亚洲象运送到了柬埔寨。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Since his partner passed away in 2020, he was extremely unhappy. (自从2020年它的伴侣去世后，这头大象就变得极度忧郁)”可知，Charley变得忧郁是因为其伴侣去世。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“At first, he will be kept in a separate area to adapt to the new environment. (最初阶段，他将被安置在独立区域以适应新环境)”可知，在该保护区内，Charley将先被安置在独立区域。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“When it comes to the business of moving elephants, Dr. Amir Khalil and his team might be the best. The work experience of this Egyptian animal doctor includes possibly the most famous elephant relocation ever. (在迁移大象这项专业领域中，Amir Khalil博士和他的团队堪称顶尖。这位埃及动物医生的从业经历中，包含着可能是史上最著名的一次大象迁移案例)”可知，文章的核心是Khalil的团队成功迁移大象的事例，他们先救了亚洲象Kavan，后来帮助南非的Charley迁往新家园。因此，B项“Amir Khalil博士和他的团队在大象迁移方面的成功”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 3 “What have I gotten myself into?” I wondered as I sat through a research meeting conducted entirely in Polish, unable to even read the title on the screen. Having only basic Polish language skills, I found my experiment in cross-cultural cooperation more challenging than I had expected. The idea of spending time abroad hadn’t occurred to me until my advisor suggested it during my first year. With his support, I enjoyed a remarkable summer in a laboratory in Japan, which left me wanting more. So, I applied for a Fulbright fellowship in Poland. To receive the fellowship, I first had to find a lab to host me, and neither I nor my advisor had any connections to Poland. Relying on Google to translate lab websites, I began to send cold emails. When my eventual host responded, eager to collaborate, I was thrilled. I suddenly felt the possibilities for my research career were endless and global. I was the first visiting scholar my research group had hosted from the United States, and my Polish colleagues were curious about what brought me to their country. This led to many fruitful discussions about the similarities and differences in how science is conducted across cultures. For example, much of the funding in Poland is awarded to teams rather than individuals. The system promotes cross-disciplinary (跨学科的) cooperations across the country, which in turn shapes how scientists design and carry out studies. I learned as much about the history and culture in Central and Eastern Europe as I did scientifically. Colleagues related firsthand accounts about challenges the region faced during the Cold War. Many laboratories had limited resources, and they rarely published their research in English. Those conditions helped shape research on antimicrobial treatment into bacteriophage and antibiotics, and Poland remain leaders in the former to this day. My cultural immersion made me a better researcher. I now see cross-cultural cooperations as a way to overcome communication barriers that can block progress in science. By stepping outside my comfort zone, I gained the confidence to navigate my research in new directions that I might have otherwise boxed myself out of. 1．Why did the author apply for fellowship in Poland? A．To practice Polish and learn its culture. B．To have another rewarding experience. C．To follow the advisor’s suggestion. D．To continue the research started in Japan. 2．How did the author benefit from the experience in Polland? A．He became an expert in Cold War history. B．He had access to cross-disciplinary cooperations. C．He secured abundant funding for future research projects. D．He obtained scientific knowledge and a global perspective. 3．Which words best describe the author? A．Helpful and determined. B．Cautious and innovative. C．Adventurous and inquisitive. D．Curious and competitive. 4．What does the author imply about cross-cultural cooperations? A．They are essential for the advancement of science. B．They might box researchers out of a certain direction. C．They should prioritize language training over research. D．They are valueless for creative minds in scientific field. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在波兰进行跨文化合作研究的经历，包括申请奖学金的过程、在波兰的研究生活以及这段经历给他带来的收获。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“With his support, I enjoyed a remarkable summer in a laboratory in Japan, which left me wanting more. So, I applied for a Fulbright fellowship in Poland.(在他的支持下，我在日本的一个实验室度过了一个非凡的夏天，这让我渴望更多。所以，我申请了波兰的富布赖特奖学金)” 可知，作者申请波兰奖学金是为了获得另一次有意义的经历。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“I learned as much about the history and culture in Central and Eastern Europe as I did scientifically.(我对中欧和东欧的历史和文化的了解与我在科学方面的了解一样多)”以及第六段“My cultural immersion made me a better researcher. I now see cross-cultural cooperations as a way to overcome communication barriers that can block progress in science.(我的文化沉浸使我成为一名更好的研究者。我现在将跨文化合作视为克服阻碍科学进步的沟通障碍的一种方式)”可知，作者在波兰的经历让他获得了科学知识和全球视野。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“With his support, I enjoyed a remarkable summer in a laboratory in Japan, which left me wanting more. So, I applied for a Fulbright fellowship in Poland.(在他的支持下，我在日本的一个实验室度过了一个非凡的夏天，这让我渴望更多。所以，我申请了波兰的富布赖特奖学金)”以及第三段“Relying on Google to translate lab websites, I began to send cold emails. When my eventual host responded, eager to collaborate, I was thrilled.(依靠谷歌翻译实验室网站，我开始发陌生邮件。当我最终的接待方回复我，并且渴望合作时，我非常激动)”可知，作者在日本有了一次不错的经历后，即便在没有与波兰相关联系，且自身波兰语技能仅为基础水平的情况下，仍大胆申请去波兰的奖学金，并主动发邮件联系实验室，这体现了他的冒险精神（Adventurous），敢于走出舒适区去尝试新的经历。再根据第四段“I was the first visiting scholar my research group had hosted from the United States, and my Polish colleagues were curious about what brought me to their country. This led to many fruitful discussions about the similarities and differences in how science is conducted across cultures.(我是我的研究小组接待的第一位来自美国的访问学者，我的波兰同事们很好奇是什么把我带到了他们的国家。这引发了许多关于不同文化中科学研究方式的异同的富有成效的讨论)”和第五段“Colleagues related firsthand accounts about challenges the region faced during the Cold War. Many laboratories had limited resources, and they rarely published their research in English. Those conditions helped shape research on antimicrobial treatment into bacteriophage and antibiotics, and Poland remain leaders in the former to this day.(同事们讲述了该地区在冷战期间面临的挑战的第一手资料。许多实验室资源有限，而且他们很少用英语发表研究成果。这些条件促成了对噬菌体和抗生素的抗菌治疗的研究，并且波兰在前者方面至今仍处于领先地位)”可知，作者积极参与和同事们的讨论，了解当地科学研究的情况以及地区历史等内容，展现出他强烈的求知欲（inquisitive），对新的知识和文化充满好奇并主动去探索。所以选项C（有冒险精神和求知欲的）最能描述作者，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段“I now see cross - cultural cooperations as a way to overcome communication barriers that can block progress in science.(我现在将跨文化合作视为克服阻碍科学进步的沟通障碍的一种方式)”可推知，作者认为跨文化合作对科学的进步是至关重要的。故选A。 4 A new study led by researchers from Queen Mary University of London reveals that group arts interventions — such as painting, music, or dance — can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety among older adults. The findings offer a convincing case for the benefits of shared creative activities. Depression and anxiety are silent struggles for millions of older adults worldwide, affecting 7% and 3.8% of those aged 60 and over, respectively. While medications (药物) and talking therapies (疗法) are often the go-to treatments, they aren’t always accessible or suitable for older adults, who may face side effects, high costs, or discomfort in discussing their mental health. This study shines a light on a promising alternative: the simple, yet deep act of creating art together. Led by Elizabeth Quinn, a PhD candidate in psychology at Queen Mary University of London, the research found that older adults in care homes saw a greater reduction in depression symptoms compared to those living in the community, highlighting the potential of these interventions to support some of the most vulnerable members of society. What’s more, the benefits were consistent across different types of art — whether it was painting, dancing, or making music — and across diverse populations, suggesting that the magic lies in the shared experience of creating together. The study also found that the setting mattered. Older adults in care homes, who often face higher levels of loneliness and weakness, experienced the greatest improvements in mental health. This highlights the potential of group arts interventions to reach those who need it most. “Art interventions are accessible, cost-effective, and enjoyable,” said Dr. Jones, the study’s senior author. “They offer a way to address mental health challenges that doesn’t rely only on medication or traditional therapy.” The research team hopes their findings will encourage healthcare providers to integrate group arts interventions into mental health care plans for older adults. They also call for further research to explore the long-term benefits of these interventions and their potential applications in other age groups and settings. 1．What did the research find about the elderly in care homes? A．They experienced more health issues. B．They preferred medications for treatment. C．They had a greater reduction in depression. D．They were less happy than those living outside. 2．What is crucial to the success of group arts interventions? A．The type of art. B．The shared experience. C．The professional guidance. D．The length of the intervention. 3．What is Dr. Jones’s attitude towards art interventions? A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Critical. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Group Arts Interventions: Easing Older Adults’ Depression & Anxiety B．Loneliness in Care Homes: Impact on Older Adults’ Mental Health C．Medications & Therapies for Older Adults’ Mental Health D．Long-Term Art Benefits for All Age Groups 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了伦敦玛丽女王大学研究人员主导的一项新研究，该研究发现团体艺术干预（如绘画、音乐或舞蹈）能显著减轻老年人的抑郁和焦虑症状，并阐述了该干预方式的优势、适用场景及研究团队的期望。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Led by Elizabeth Quinn, a PhD candidate in psychology at Queen Mary University of London, the research found that older adults in care homes saw a greater reduction in depression symptoms compared to those living in the community, highlighting the potential of these interventions to support some of the most vulnerable members of society. (这项研究由伦敦玛丽女王大学的心理学博士候选人Elizabeth Quinn牵头，研究发现，养老院中的老年人与社区居住的老年人相比，其抑郁症状的减轻程度更为显著。这凸显了这些干预措施在为社会中一些最脆弱群体提供支持方面的潜力。)”可知，研究发现养老院中的老年人比社区中的老年人抑郁症状减轻得更明显。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“What’s more, the benefits were consistent across different types of art — whether it was painting, dancing, or making music — and across diverse populations, suggesting that the magic lies in the shared experience of creating together. (更重要的是，无论绘画、舞蹈还是音乐创作，不同类型艺术带来的益处是一致的，并且跨越不同人群，这表明，关键在于共同创作的共享体验。)”可知，不同艺术类型和不同人群都能从团体艺术干预中获益，这表明其成功的关键在于共同创作的体验。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Art interventions are accessible, cost-effective, and enjoyable,” said Dr. Jones, the study’s senior author. “They offer a way to address mental health challenges that doesn’t rely only on medication or traditional therapy.” (“艺术干预具有易获取、成本效益高且令人愉悦的特点，”该研究的资深作者Jones博士说，“它们提供了一种应对心理健康挑战的方法，这种方法不仅仅依赖药物或传统疗法。”)”可推知，Jones博士对艺术干预持支持态度。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“A new study led by researchers from Queen Mary University of London reveals that group arts interventions — such as painting, music, or dance — can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety among older adults. (伦敦玛丽女王大学的研究人员牵头开展的一项新研究表明，团体艺术干预措施——比如绘画、音乐或舞蹈——能显著减轻老年人的抑郁和焦虑症状。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新研究，该研究发现团体艺术干预活动，如绘画、音乐或舞蹈等，能显著减轻老年人的抑郁和焦虑症状，A项“Group Arts Interventions: Easing Older Adults’ Depression & Anxiety (团体艺术干预：缓解老年人的抑郁和焦虑)”准确概括了文章主旨，适宜作为标题。故选A项。 5 Josh Klein is a pioneer in finding creative solutions to one of the world’s most pressing environmental problems: food waste. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), approximately one-third of the food produced worldwide is wasted every year, which amounts to about 1.3 billion tons. Josh, however, isn’t just talking about the problem — he’s actively working to solve it. Josh Klein founded Spoiler Alert, a startup that helps businesses manage and reduce food waste by connecting surplus food with charitable organizations and food banks. The platform allows companies to sell or donate food that might otherwise go to waste, creating a win-win situation for both businesses and communities in need. Josh’s journey into the world of food waste innovation began while he was working in the tech industry. He realized that just like many other industries, food production and distribution could benefit from more efficient management. His company, Spoiler Alert, uses technology to provide real-time data to businesses, helping them track food waste and make more informed decisions. By streamlining (优化) food distribution and connecting businesses with organizations in need, Josh’s platform helps to redirect millions of pounds of food away from landfills. One of the most important aspects of Josh’s approach is the use of technology to solve a real-world problem. Through data analytics and a user-friendly interface, Spoiler Alert has transformed the way companies think about waste. Instead of seeing excess food as a loss, businesses are now able to see it as a valuable resource that can benefit others. Josh’s work not only reduces food waste but also helps provide food to those who need it most. His platform has already been adopted by large companies in the food industry, and it continues to grow as more businesses recognize the potential of reducing waste while giving back to their communities. Through his innovation, Josh Klein is showing the world how technology and entrepreneurship (企业家精神) can make a meaningful impact on society. By tackling food waste, he is helping to create a more sustainable future for everyone. 1．What is the main goal of Josh Klein’s startup Spoiler Alert? A．To support agricultural development in poor regions. B．To optimize food production processes for companies. C．To address food waste through nonprofit partnerships. D．To minimize waste by commercializing excess food. 2．How does Spoiler Alert assist businesses in reducing food waste? A．By offering real-time data to track food waste. B．By selling surplus food to consumers directly. C．By offering large discounts on food production. D．By providing a platform to advertise surplus food. 3．What change in business attitude does Josh Klein’s platform promote? A．Focusing only on reducing food production costs. B．Treating excess food as a loss rather than a resource. C．Reducing the amount of food produced to minimize waste. D．Viewing surplus food as a valuable resource for donation. 4．Which of the following best describes Josh Klein? A．Creative and honest. B．Passionate and generous. C．Innovative and determined. D．Ambitious and warm-hearted. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍约什·克莱因作为环保创新者，创办Spoiler Alert公司，利用科技连接剩余食物与需求方，减少食物浪费并助力公益。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Josh Klein founded Spoiler Alert, a startup that helps businesses manage and reduce food waste by connecting surplus food with charitable organizations and food banks. (约什·克莱因创办了初创公司Spoiler Alert，该公司通过将剩余食物与慈善组织和食品银行连接起来，帮助企业管理并减少食物浪费。)”可知，Spoiler Alert的主要目标是通过与非营利组织合作来解决食物浪费问题。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“His company, Spoiler Alert, uses technology to provide real-time data to businesses, helping them track food waste and make more informed decisions. (他的公司Spoiler Alert利用科技向企业提供实时数据，帮助它们追踪食物浪费情况，并做出更明智的决策。)”可知，Spoiler Alert通过提供实时数据帮助企业追踪食物浪费，从而协助减少浪费。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Instead of seeing excess food as a loss, businesses are now able to see it as a valuable resource that can benefit others. (企业不再将剩余食物视为损失，而是能够将其视为可以造福他人的宝贵资源。)”可知，该平台促使企业态度发生转变，即把剩余食物看作可捐赠的宝贵资源。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Josh Klein is a pioneer in finding creative solutions to one of the world’s most pressing environmental problems: food waste. (约什·克莱因是为全球最紧迫的环境问题之一——食物浪费——寻找创新性解决方案的先驱。)”以及全文中他创办公司、利用科技持续推动减少食物浪费的行动可知，他具备“创新性（Innovative）”；同时，他不仅提出问题，还积极通过实际行动解决问题，体现出“坚定的（determined）”品质。故选C项。 6 Why do some people feel such a strong bond with celebrities, and what does this reveal about their personality and values? A new study published in the International Journal of Psychology has found that people who strongly admire celebrities tend to score higher in both materialism and narcissism (自恋). The study also found that people who perceive themselves as similar to their favorite celebrity are more likely to have these attitudes. The study, conducted by Davis, Locker, and Williams, recruited 215 undergraduates, mostly women, who completed a battery of questionnaires measuring their attitudes toward celebrities, materialistic values, and narcissistic tendencies. Participants also answered newly created questions that assessed how similar they felt to their favorite celebrity in terms of personality, appearance, or lifestyle. Celebrity worship was assessed with the Celebrity Attitude Scale (量表). Materialism was measured by examining how much value people place on owning things, how important possessions are to their identity, and whether they believe material goods make them happier. Narcissism was measured in two forms: grandiose narcissism (characterized by confidence, entitlement, and dominance) and vulnerable narcissism (marked by insecurity, sensitivity to criticism, and a preoccupation with self-image). The results showed a consistent relationship between celebrity worship and materialism. People who scored higher on celebrity worship also tended to place greater importance on money, status, and possessions. When it came to narcissism, only the vulnerable type, people with higher levels of emotional insecurity and self-focus, were more likely to feel strongly connected to celebrities. Most importantly, perceived similarity — whether in appearance, behavior, or personality — stood out as one of the strongest predictors of celebrity worship. The researchers concluded, “celebrity worship is a complex construct, but perceived similarity with a favorite celebrity and vulnerable narcissism may be fruitful avenues for future research.” Still, an important question remains: do people idolize celebrities because they already feel similar to them, or do they start to see themselves as similar after forming an emotional attachment? 1．What is paragraph 2 about? A．The research background. B．The research subjects. C．The research results. D．The research method. 2．According to the study, who are more likely to worship celebrities? A．Those indifferent to wealth and social status. B．Those valuing self-confidence and dominance. C．Those emotionally insecure and self-focused. D．Those seeking spiritual growth beyond possessions. 3．According to the researchers, what might be a direction of future research? A．Celebrity worship. B．Grandiose narcissism. C．Materialism. D．Perceived similarity. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain celebrity worship psychology. B．To warn against the dangers of celebrity culture. C．To criticize celebrity materialism and narcissism. D．To describe scales for measuring personality traits. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究表明，名人崇拜与物质主义及脆弱型自恋显著相关，且感知相似性是重要预测因素，研究者建议未来探索感知相似度与脆弱型自恋的深层作用机制。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study, conducted by Davis, Locker, and Williams, recruited 15 undergraduates, mostly women, who completed a battery of questionnaires measuring their attitudes toward celebrities, materialistic values, and narcissistic tendencies. Participants also answered newly created questions that assessed how similar they felt to their favorite celebrity in terms of personality, appearance, or lifestyle. (该研究由Davis、Locker和Williams进行，招募了15名主要为女性的本科生，他们完成了一系列问卷，测量对名人的态度、物质主义价值观和自恋倾向。参与者还回答了一些新设计的问题，评估他们觉得自己与最喜爱的名人在个性、外貌或生活方式上的相似度)”可知，该段主要介绍了研究方法，说明数据收集方式和测量内容。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“When it came to narcissism, only the vulnerable type, people with higher levels of emotional insecurity and self-focus, were more likely to feel strongly connected to celebrities. (在自恋方面，只有脆弱型自恋者——即情感上更缺乏安全感且自我关注度高的人——更容易与名人产生强烈关联)”可知，根据研究，情感上缺乏安全感且过度自我关注的人更可能崇拜名人。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中研究者所说的话“celebrity worship is a complex construct, but perceived similarity with a favorite celebrity and vulnerable narcissism may be fruitful avenues for future research. (名人崇拜是一个复杂的构念，但与喜爱名人的感知相似度和脆弱型自恋可能是未来研究的有效方向)”可知，研究者认为，未来研究可能关注感知相似度。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Why do some people feel such a strong bond with celebrities, and what does this reveal about their personality and values? (为什么有些人会对名人产生如此强烈的情感联结？这种现象又揭示了他们怎样的个性和价值观？)”可知，全文围绕一项针对名人崇拜心理的研究展开，该研究揭示了这种心理与物质主义、自恋（尤其是脆弱型）及感知相似度的关系，并指出未来研究方向。由此推知，本文的主要目的是解释名人崇拜的心理。故选A项。 7 Anybody can write. I believe it as much as I believe that nobody is boring. Are people writing more? I believe so. There is a lot of writing going on. All kinds of writing — amateur writing, professional writing, creative writing, boring writing, etc. Enthusiastic reader is hardly a thing anymore. Storyteller, published author and productive blogger are words that decorate people’s bio more often. The trend of listing what one is reading has been replaced by listing self-authored articles. Reading is unavoidable. Reading generates the road map for a society’s progress. But then why write? The most substantial reason could be ease of Expression, Record, and Reach. Enabled by present-day technology, the ease of Record (digitally saved forever) and Reach (to readers anywhere in the world) are undoubtedly the more straightforward motivations to write. But ease of Expression? We perhaps partly owe that to technology too. The social shaping (e. g. messaging behaviors) caused by technology has resulted in the breakdown of structures and rules of writing to a great extent, if not entirely, thus freeing up the technique of writing like music and art. Consequently, writing in all forms (short-long), structures (words-graphics-sound), and shapes (books-blogs-posts-tweets-open letters) has appeared like a movement. Writing is a promise, It is a promise to deliver not just pleasure, information, or inspiration; it is a promise to care. Writing can be intrusive (侵扰的). It can even be rude, as Joan Didion puts it in her essay Why I Write. The readers are the victims of the writer’s thoughts and views. But that’s how writers challenge the readers to think, look around and push back. Even after we have managed to ease the disciplinary demands of good literature, it still wouldn’t take the pain away from writing because thinking is the pain point of writing. We have to make things up or think about things we see. One could be as local, raw, and not remain preoccupied with presenting a stylized piece of sentence and still find a platform to write. But let us ensure we don’t ever give up thinking and never make writing completely painless. 1．What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A．Writing has become more popular. B．People no longer enjoy reading books. C．Readers are uninterested in others’ reading lists. D．Listing self-authored articles is a new form of social networking. 2．How has technology influenced writing? A．It has made writing more structured and formal. B．It has strengthened the bonds between writing and art. C．It has made writing more accessible and diverse. D．It has decreased the number of professional writers. 3．What is the ultimate purpose of writing according to Joan Didion? A．To entertain and amuse readers. B．To deliver the latest information. C．To impress readers with literary skills. D．To inspire readers to form new thoughts. 4．What does the author expect of writing? A．The challenges of thinking should be valued. B．There will be various platforms to choose from. C．There will be more works focusing on pain in life. D．The disciplinary demands of good literature will stay. 5．Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A．The relationship between reading and writing. B．The influence of technology on writing. C．The various forms and trends of modern writing. D．The reasons and nature of writing in modern society. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述写作在现代社会中的变化、技术对写作的影响、写作的本质（如表达、挑战读者思考）以及作者对写作的期望（强调思考的重要性）。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Anybody can write. I believe it as much as I believe that nobody is boring. Are people writing more? I believe so. There is a lot of writing going on. All kinds of writing — amateur writing, professional writing, creative writing, boring writing, etc. Enthusiastic reader is hardly a thing anymore. Storyteller, published author and productive blogger are words that decorate people’s bio more often. The trend of listing what one is reading has been replaced by listing self-authored articles.(任何人都能写作。我坚信这一点，就如同我坚信没有人是乏味的那样。人们是不是在写更多的东西呢？我认为是这样的。有大量的写作活动正在进行。各种各样的写作——业余写作、专业写作、创意写作、乏味的写作等等。热情的读者这个概念已经不复存在了。讲故事的人、已出版的作者和有产出的博主这些词汇在人们个人简介中出现的频率越来越高。列出自己正在阅读的内容这一趋势已经被列出自己创作的文章这一趋势所取代)”可知，第一段描述的是写作变得越来越流行了。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Enabled by present-day technology, the ease of Record (digitally saved forever) and Reach (to readers anywhere in the world) are undoubtedly the more straightforward motivations to write.(借助当今的技术，记录（以数字化形式永久保存）的便捷性以及传播（面向全球任何地方的读者）的便利性无疑成为了人们写作的更为直接的动机)”以及“Consequently, writing in all forms (short-long), structures (words-graphics-sound), and shapes (books-blogs-posts-tweets-open letters) has appeared like a movement.(因此，各种形式的写作（长短不一）、不同的结构（文字、图形、声音）以及不同的形式（书籍、博客、帖子、推文、公开信）就像一场运动一样涌现出来)”可知，技术使写作变得更加容易且更加多样化。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“It can even be rude, as Joan Didion puts it in her essay Why I Write. The readers are the victims of the writer’s thoughts and views. But that’s how writers challenge the readers to think, look around and push back.(它甚至可能显得很粗鲁，正如琼·迪登在其《我为何写作》一文中所言。读者实际上是作者思想和观点的“受害者”。但正是这种形式让作家促使读者去思考、观察周围环境并做出回应)”可知，写作的最终目的是激励读者产生新的想法。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But let us ensure we don’t ever give up thinking and never make writing completely painless.(但让我们务必确保自己永远不要停止思考，也永远不要让写作变得毫无难度)”可知，作者期望应当重视思考过程中所面临的挑战。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据第1段（写作流行现象）、第2段（技术影响如表达、记录和触及）、第3段（写作本质为挑战思考）和第4段（作者期望重视思考）可推知文章核心是现代社会写作的原因（如技术推动）和本质（如表达和思考），可知，D选项“现代社会中写作的原因及本质”最能概括这篇文章的主要观点。故选D。 8 In the early 2000s, Merlin Mann, a Web designer and devoted Macintosh enthusiast, was working as a freelance (自由职业的) project manager for software companies. He had held similar roles for years, so he knew the ins and outs of the job; he was surprised, therefore, to find that he was literally buried under — not by the mentally challenging aspects of his work but by the many small administrative tasks, such as scheduling conference calls, that surfaced up from a chaotic stream of e-mail messages. Mann wasn’t alone in his frustration. Work lives that had once been orderly — two or three blocks of work, broken up by meetings and phone calls — became wildly busy, unplanned, and impossibly overloaded. “E-mail is a ball of uncertainty that represents anxiety,” Mann said, reflecting on this period. Things have not since changed much. Most of us are not our own bosses, and therefore lack the ability to dramatically rebuild the structure of our work responsibilities, but imagine if, through some combination of new management thinking and technology, we could introduce processes that minimize the time required to talk about work or fight off random tasks thrown our way by equally stressed co-workers, and instead let us organize our days around a small number of separate and specific objectives. This vision is attractive, but it cannot be realized by individual actions alone. It will require management intervention. Up until now, there has been little will to shift the responsibility for productivity from the person to the organization. Most knowledge-work companies have been more focused on keeping up with technological breakthroughs that might open up new markets, without addressing the fundamental issues that underlie workplace inefficiency. To get more done, it’s been sufficient to simply encourage employees to work harder. Laptops and smartphones helped these efforts by enabling office workers to find extra hours in the day to get things done, providing a productivity balance against the inefficiencies of overload culture. It seems likely that any successful effort to reform professional life must start by making it easier to figure out who is working on what, and how it’s going. Because so much of our effort in the office now develops in rapid exchanges of digital messages, it’s tempting to allow our in-boxes to become an informal storage place for everything we need to get done. This strategy, however, covers up many of the worst aspects of overload culture. Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that indicates who is doing the work, and is pinned under a column indicating its status. With a quick glance, you can now determine everything going on within your team and ask meaningful questions about how much work any one person should tackle at a time. With this setup, improvement becomes possible. 1．What does the author try to illustrate with the example of Merlin Mann? A．More and more people have started to hop from one job to another. B．Creative design is very demanding mentally when done individually. C．Too many job responsibilities to perform could make people depressed. D．Small tasks could emerge at random to keep people disorganized at work. 2．What is the author’s view of email use in the workplace? A．It helps employees keep track of the work that has been piled up. B．It contributes to the difficulty and inefficiency of task management. C．It facilitates emotional support in times of uncertainty and anxiety. D．It provides an opportunity for employees to communicate informally. 3．What change does the author try to introduce in the workplace? A．Enhancing work flow with the aid of technology. B．Reducing workload and lowering the stress level. C．Setting distinct attainable goals for individuals. D．Redistributing work duties among employees. 4．What can be inferred about the system the author suggests? A．New software can help to hire workers from outside. B．Teamwork will become easier with a big picture. C．Division of labor will be negotiated within a team. D．Virtual reality can help to do on-the-job training. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨现代职场中琐碎任务导致的工作低效问题，并提出借助技术优化工作流程的设想。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He had held similar roles for years, so he knew the ins and outs of the job; he was surprised, therefore, to find that he was literally buried under — not by the mentally challenging aspects of his work but by the many small administrative tasks, such as scheduling conference calls, that surfaced up from a chaotic stream of e-mail messages. (他担任类似职位已有多年，因此对这份工作的细节了如指掌；然而令他惊讶的是，自己简直被压得喘不过气来——并非被工作中需要耗费脑力的部分所累，而是被大量琐碎的行政任务所淹没，比如安排电话会议，这些任务都源自杂乱无章的电子邮件信息流。)”可知，作者通过Merlin Mann的例子说明，随机涌现的小任务会让人在工作中变得杂乱无章。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的““E-mail is a ball of uncertainty that represents anxiety,” Mann said, reflecting on this period. (曼在回顾这段时期时说：“电子邮件是一团代表着焦虑的不确定性之球。”)”及第五段中的“Because so much of our effort in the office now develops in rapid exchanges of digital messages, it’s tempting to allow our in-boxes to become an informal storage place for everything we need to get done. This strategy, however, covers up many of the worst aspects of overload culture. (由于我们如今在办公室的大量工作都以数字信息的快速交换形式展开，我们很容易想当然地将收件箱当作存放所有待办事项的非正式存储库。然而，这种策略掩盖了过载文化中许多最糟糕的方面。)”可知，作者认为职场中使用电子邮件加剧了任务管理的困难和低效。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that indicates who is doing the work, and is pinned under a column indicating its status. (不妨考虑一种将工作外化的系统。我们可以效仿软件开发人员的做法，使用虚拟任务板：每个任务都用一张卡片来表示，卡片上标明负责该任务的人员，并且这些卡片会被固定在相应的列下，这些列标明了任务的状态。)”可知，作者主张借助技术（如虚拟任务板）优化工作流程。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“With a quick glance, you can now determine everything going on within your team and ask meaningful questions about how much work any one person should tackle at a time. With this setup, improvement becomes possible.(快速浏览一下，你就能了解团队内正在进行的所有事情，并就每个人一次应该处理多少工作提出有意义的问题。有了这个设置，改进就成为可能。)”可知，作者建议的系统通过可视化任务板让团队成员对工作全局一目了然，从而使团队协作更轻松。故选B项。 9 It’s been quite a while since the world saw exactly how deadly these deep-sea voyages can be. On June 18,2023, the private submersible(潜水船)Titan carried five men on a mission to view the remains of the Titanic, which is about 400 miles off the coast of Newfoundland. The dive was expected to take a few hours and reach a depth of more than 12,000 feet. But 105minutes after the Titan went down below the waves, it lost contact. The U. S. and Canadian Coast Guards and the U. S. Navy were called in for a desperate search to rescue the passengers, only to discover the Titan had collapsed inward with no survivors. The disaster dominated global news for weeks, touching off debates: Are human-led deep-sea missions worth their risks and costs? On social media, some expressed sympathy, while others opposed the effort. Critics labeled the passengers “risk-takers” or “senseless,” and journalists strongly criticised the media focus on wealthy explorers instead of 700 drowned victims in the Aegean Sea. The obloquy continues today—I’ve been targeted myself. For a decade, I’ve supported undersea exploration, arguing its importance. Critics object that remotely operated machines make human missions unnecessary. Why dive deep when we can study hidden secrets in high-definition from safe offices? Yet I defend humanity’s drive to explore—the hands-on, unpredictable pursuit that sent us to the moon and across oceans. Without such exploration, scientists can’t confirm theories; nor can journalists share real stories. Through many attempts and mistakes, I’ve learned: To truly describe a subject, you must encounter it. Discovery requires being present. The path to knowledge is challenging, filled with setbacks and failures. It’s costly and often unrewarding, but that’s exactly why it matters. Trying various approaches—even following uncertain clues—is crucial to discovery. We lose something vital if we abandon the courage to go deep. 1．What was the initial purpose of the Titan’s mission? A．To test an underwater vehicle. B．To study undersea creatures. C．To rescue Aegean Sea victims. D．To observe the ruins of a ship. 2．What does the underlined word “obloquy” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The occurrence of drowning. B．The criticism from the society. C．The debate among journalists. D．The focus on wealthy explorers. 3．How does the author defend the value of deep-sea exploration? A．By quoting famous scientists. B．By listing undersea discoveries. C．By weighing the risks and significance. D．By emphasizing its economic benefits. 4．What is essential for discovery according to the author? A．Media coverage. B．Pure imagination. C．Secured environment. D．Direct involvement. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。2023 年 6 月 18 日，“泰坦” 号私人潜水船在前往查看泰坦尼克号残骸途中失联并导致乘客无一生还，这一灾难引发了关于人类主导的深海任务是否值得冒险和付出成本的辩论。作者认为尽管深海探索充满风险、代价高昂且可能没有回报，但通过权衡其风险与意义，肯定了人类探索的价值，强调亲身参与对于发现是至关重要的。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“On June 18, 2023, the private submersible (潜水船) Titan carried five men on a mission to view the remains of the Titanic (2023 年 6 月 18 日，泰坦号私人潜水船搭载五人执行查看泰坦尼克号残骸的任务)” 可知，“泰坦” 号此次任务的最初目的是查看一艘船（泰坦尼克号）的残骸。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Critics labeled the passengers “risk-takers” or “senseless,” and journalists strongly criticised the media focus on wealthy explorers instead of 700 drowned victims in the Aegean Sea. The obloquy continues today—I’ve been targeted myself.(批评者称乘客为“冒险者”或“没头脑的人”，记者们强烈批评媒体将焦点放在富有的探险者身上，而不是爱琴海中 700 名溺水遇难者。这种…… 今天仍在继续，我自己也成为了目标)” 可知，前文讲述了社会各界的批评，所以 “obloquy” 指的是社会的批评。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Yet I defend humanity’s drive to explore—the hands-on, unpredictable pursuit that sent us to the moon and across oceans. Without such exploration, scientists can’t confirm theories; nor can journalists share real stories. (然而，我捍卫人类探索的动力 —— 这种亲身实践、不可预测的追求让我们登上月球、跨越海洋。没有这样的探索，科学家无法证实种种理论；记者也无法分享真实的故事）”以及最后一段“The path to knowledge is challenging, filled with setbacks and failures. It’s costly and often unrewarding, but that’s exactly why it matters.(通往知识的道路充满挑战，挫折与失败并存。它代价高昂且常常没有回报，但这正是它重要的原因)” 可知，作者通过权衡深海探索的风险和其对科学家、记者等的重要意义来为其价值辩护。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Through many attempts and mistakes, I’ve learned: To truly describe a subject, you must encounter it. Discovery requires being present.(通过多次尝试和错误，我明白了：要真正描述一个事物，你必须亲身经历它。发现需要身临其境)” 可知，作者认为对于发现来说，直接参与是至关重要的。故选D。 10 A 16th-century painting, Madonna and Child by Venetian artist Antonio Solario, has become the focus of an international legal battle after resurfacing in Britain. Stolen in 1973 from a museum in Belluno, Italy, the artwork was recovered in Austria alongside other stolen pieces but later acquired by Barbara De Dozsa, a British woman, whose late husband purchased it “in good faith” that year. De Dozsa refuses to return the painting, citing Britain’s Limitation Act 1980, which ensures legal ownership to buyers of stolen goods if purchased innocently and held for over six years. However, Italian authorities and art lawyer Christopher Marinello argue the work remains stolen property. The painting was identified in 2017 when De Dozsa attempted to auction (拍卖) it, drawing special attention from Inter-police and Italian police databases. Due to the delays for some unstoppable reason, Italy missed the deadline to submit legal documents, leading British police to return the painting to De Dozsa in 2020. Marinello, founder of Art Recovery International, insists the museum keeps legal ownership, stressing that British police clearly denied transferring title to De Dozsa. The Belluno museum’s Carlo Cavalli stressed this position again, stating possession does not equal to ownership. De Dozsa claims financial burdens to contest the case, including $6,000 in legal fees and insurance costs, but Marinello contradicts that the painting’s value ($60,000–$80,000) and illegal status render it unsellable. British police cited Italy’s delayed response as a good reason for releasing the artwork to her. The case underscores tensions between legal technical details and ethical obligations in art ownership. Solario, active in Italy and possibly England, has works displayed in London’s National Gallery, highlighting the cultural significance of reclaiming lost heritage. As legal efforts continue, the dispute remains unresolved, testing international diplomatic manners for recovering stolen art. 1．What happened to the painting Madonna and Child? A．It was sold in 1973. B．It was found in Italy. C．It was stolen in Austria. D．It was auctioned in 2020. 2．What empowers De Dozsa to defend her legal ownership? A．The painting’s high restoration cost. B．The Limitation Act 1980 in British law. C．The museum’s failure to report the theft timely. D．Her late husband’s preference as an art collector. 3．According to Marinello, why can’t De Dozsa sell the painting? A．It remains stolen property under law. B．Its market value is too low to attract buyers. C．British police ban any auction of the artwork. D．The museum has already reclaimed it through legal means. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Challenges of Art Heritage Preservation B．A Stolen Painting’s Recovery Through Europe C．Ownership Dispute Under Different Legal Systems D．A legal Battle Over a 16th-Century Stolen Masterpiece 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了一幅16世纪威尼斯艺术家Antonio Solario创作的画作Madonna and Child在英国重新出现后引发的一场国际法律纠纷。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Stolen in 1973 from a museum in Belluno, Italy, the artwork was recovered in Austria alongside other stolen pieces but later acquired by Barbara De Dozsa, a British woman, whose late husband purchased it “in good faith” that year.(1973年，这幅画在意大利Belluno的一家博物馆被盗，后来在奥地利和其他被盗作品一起被找到，后来被英国妇女Barbara De Dozsa收购，她已故的丈夫当年“善意地”买下了它)”可知，Madonna and Child于1973年被盗，且在同一年的晚些时候被卖给Barbara De Dozsa的丈夫。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“De Dozsa refuses to return the painting, citing Britain’s Limitation Act 1980, which ensures legal ownership to buyers of stolen goods if purchased innocently and held for over six years.(De Dozsa拒绝归还这幅画作，他援引了英国《1980年时效法案》（Limitation Act 1980），该法案规定，如果赃物购买者是在不知情的情况下购买，并且持有该赃物超过六年，那么购买者将获得对该赃物的合法所有权)”可知，让De Dozsa有权利捍卫自己的合法所有权的是英国法律中的《1980年时效法案》。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“De Dozsa claims financial burdens to contest the case, including $6,000 in legal fees and insurance costs, but Marinello contradicts that the painting’s value ($60,000–$80,000) and illegal status render it unsellable.(De Dozsa声称自己因应对这起案件而面临经济负担，包括6000美元的律师费和保险费用，但Marinello反驳称，鉴于这幅画作的价值（6万至8万美元）及其非法性质，它根本无法出售)”可知，根据Marinello的说法，De Dozsa不能卖掉这幅画是因为根据法律它仍然是赃物。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“De Dozsa refuses to return the painting, citing Britain’s Limitation Act 1980, which ensures legal ownership to buyers of stolen goods if purchased innocently and held for over six years. However, Italian authorities and art lawyer Christopher Marinello argue the work remains stolen property. The painting was identified in 2017 when De Dozsa attempted to auction (拍卖) it, drawing special attention from Inter-police and Italian police databases. Due to the delays for some unstoppable reason, Italy missed the deadline to submit legal documents, leading British police to return the painting to De Dozsa in 2020.(De Dozsa拒绝归还这幅画作，他援引了《1980年时效法案》，该法案规定，如果赃物购买者是在不知情的情况下购买，并且持有该赃物超过六年，那么购买者将获得对该赃物的合法所有权。然而，意大利当局和艺术律师Christopher Marinello则认为，这幅画作仍属于被盗财产。2017年，当De Dozsa试图拍卖这幅画作时，它被识别出来，并因此引起了国际刑警和意大利警方数据库的特别关注。但由于某些不可抗拒的原因导致的延误，意大利错过了提交法律文件的截止日期，这使得英国警方在2020年将这幅画作归还给了De Dozsa)”可知，本文主要讲述了一幅16世纪威尼斯艺术家Antonio Solario创作的画作Madonna and Child在英国重新出现后引发的一场国际法律纠纷，因此最好的标题是D选项“A legal Battle Over a 16th-Century Stolen Masterpiece(16世纪被盗名作的法律之争)”。故选D。 11 Miami saltwater recreational fishing is a big part of Florida’s tourist economy. Fishing enthusiasts take more than 40 million saltwater fishing trips each year in Florida in hopes of getting a grouper (石斑鱼), snapper or mahi mahi. But strict regulations on seasons and the species that can be taken mean that more than half of the fish caught on a typical trip are returned to the water. Fishing guides and marine fisheries officials are spreading the word how to make sure the fish that are released live to fight another day. University of Florida marine fisheries specialist Angela Collins says when reef (珊瑚礁) fish that spend their time in deep water are brought to the surface, the gases in their bodies expand, sometimes greatly. They can experience barotrauma. “That’s when you see the fish’s eyes sticking out of its head or its stomach popping out of its mouth,” Collins says. “That obviously can be harmful to the fish, in some cases fatal.” People who fish in Florida are now required to have long needles on board to help reef fish release the pressure. But it’s also important to attach something called a descending (下降)tool to the fish. It’s a weight attaching to the fish’s lower lip before lowering it slowly back into the water. “This just shoots it down really fast,” Collins says. “It’s closed until this gets to 100 feet. And it pops open. And that just basically lets the fish swim off.” Conn has operated party boats out of Miami for more than 40 years. Saltwater recreational fishing has changed a lot during that time. “It used to be about killing a lot of fish.” But then he says, “Regulations came in. Some folks didn’t fish as much when they weren’t able to come home with as many fish.” Now, he says, some come out for a day on the water, to be with their friends and to maybe come home with a fish. Conn says, “It’s fishing just for what it is, it’s about the experience.” 1．What does the underlined word “barotrauma” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to? A．An injury caused by water. B．A life-threatening situation. C．A rare chance in life. D．An expansion of the species. 2．Why was a descending tool attached to the released fish? A．To release the pressure for it. B．To take a good use of the tool. C．To help it sink to the bottom more slowly. D．To get it back down to its habitat rapidly. 3．What is the most probable cause for the change of Miami saltwater recreational fishing? A．Killing fish is out of fashion. B．Strict rules have been issued. C．Interest in fishing is growing. D．Fishing industry is on the decline. 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．When to Return Reef Fish to the Sea B．What to Do with Young Fish in the Sea C．How to Make Sure Released Reef Fish Survive D．How to Promote Saltwater Recreational Fishing 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了佛罗里达州的专家是如何在季节捕捞中安全地把生活在海底的、不应该捕捞的物种放生的。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中划线词后文“That’s when you see the fish’s eyes sticking out of its head or its stomach popping out of its mouth. That obviously can be harmful to the fish, in some cases fatal.(那时你会看到鱼的眼睛从头部凸出来，或者它的胃从嘴里冒出来。这显然会对鱼造成伤害，在某些情况下甚至是致命的)”可知，当深海里的珊瑚礁鱼类因从深水被钓至水面时体内气体膨胀导致的眼球突出、内脏外翻等致命性损伤，由此可推测出“barotrauma”指的是“一种危及生命的情况”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But it’s also important to attach something called a descending (下降)tool to the fish. It’s a weight attaching to the fish’s lower lip before lowering it slowly back into the water. “This just shoots it down really fast,” Collins says. “It’s closed until this gets to 100 feet. And it pops open. And that just basically lets the fish swim off.”(但给鱼安装一种叫做“下降工具”的装置也很重要。这是一种在将鱼缓慢放回水中之前附在鱼下唇上的重物。柯林斯说：“这个工具能让鱼快速下沉。它会保持闭合状态，直到到达100英尺深的位置时才会弹开，这样鱼基本上就能游走了。”)”可知，把一个下降工具连接到释放的鱼身上是为了让它迅速回到栖息地。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Saltwater recreational fishing has changed a lot during that time. “It used to be about killing a lot of fish.” But then he says, “Regulations came in. Some folks didn’t fish as much when they weren’t able to come home with as many fish.”(在那段时间里，海水休闲捕鱼活动发生了很大变化。“过去人们主要是为了捕捞大量的鱼。” 但随后他说，“相关法规出台后，一些人发现不能像以前那样带着很多鱼回家，于是捕鱼的次数就减少了。”)”可知，迈阿密海水休闲渔业发生变化的最可能原因是颁布了严格的规定。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But strict regulations on seasons and the species that can be taken mean that more than half of the fish caught on a typical trip are returned to the water. Fishing guides and marine fisheries officials are spreading the word how to make sure the fish that are released live to fight another day.(但对季节和可捕捞鱼种的严格规定意味着，在一次典型的捕鱼之旅中，超过一半的鱼被放回水中。钓鱼指南和海洋渔业官员正在宣传如何确保被放生的鱼能活下来，以迎接新的一天)”并结合文章其他内容可知，文章主要介绍了迈阿密海水休闲渔业是佛罗里达州旅游经济的重要组成部分，但由于对季节和可捕捞鱼种的严格规定，超过一半的鱼被放回水中，文章介绍了如何确保被放生的鱼能够存活的方法，以及迈阿密海水休闲渔业发生的变化。C选项“如何确保放归的珊瑚礁鱼存活”概括了核心内容，是文章的最佳标题。故选C。 12 Last December, researchers at the National Ignition Facility(NIF)had made a breakthrough in fusion (核聚变)energy, the same chemical process that powers the stars and our sun. They had succeeded in producing the first laboratory fusion reaction that produces more energy than it takes to cause the reaction. It made headlines around the world. At extremely high temperatures and pressure, the atoms break into their components — nuclei (原子核) and electrons. This kind of positive nuclei and negative electrons is referred to as plasma (等离子体). It is considered the fourth state of matter, the other three being solid, liquid and gas. Fusion is a process that takes place in the plasma state. The process of fusion produces a huge amount of energy which, in turn, causes further fusion reactions. Our sun is incredibly efficient in producing fusion energy; its huge mass creates the pressure and temperatures needed to keep the reaction going. Earth can’t recreate the high pressure and temperature conditions of the sun, so scientists must find techniques in laboratories to start the reaction. The NIF experiment successfully proved that fusion isn’t just a theoretical concept: we are able to create an energy source that is self-sustaining. Fusion also has the advantage — it does not cause radioactive waste. However, despite billions of dollars of government funding put into fusion research, we are still decades away from fusion-produced electricity. Humans have produced fusion reactions in the past, with nuclear bombs. But in bombs, the energy is released too quickly. Scientists will need to figure out how to release energy in a controlled and consistent manner for regular use. Even if we can overcome challenges in the development, will fusion be able to compete with solar and wind power for cost and availability? The future of fusion may not be clear at the moment, but it is truly brilliant for science and society to see the power of the sun come to life in a lab setting. 1．What facts have we learned about the first laboratory fusion reaction? A．It was a big success. B．It escaped public attention. C．It produced less energy than expected. D．It introduced the fourth state of matter. 2．What is a big advantage of fusion energy? A．It depends on the sun. B．It can be clean energy. C．It is an unexpected energy source. D．It works under normal conditions. 3．What can be implied about producing fusion energy in paragraph 5? A．It faces some challenges now. B．It isn’t supported by governments. C．It may cause very dangerous consequences. D．It cannot compete with solar and wind power. 4．Which statement would the author most likely agree with? A．The future of fusion is clear and bright. B．Fusion energy will be the main energy one day. C．The present achievements in fusion energy are remarkable. D．The experimental techniques are essential to producing fusion energy. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【解析】这是一篇新闻报告。去年12月NIF核聚变实验取得突破，证实其可行性且无污染，但距离实际应用仍有挑战，未来虽不明却意义重大。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Last December, researchers at the National Ignition Facility(NIF)had made a breakthrough in fusion(核聚变)energy, the same chemical process that powers the stars and our sun. They had succeeded in producing the first laboratory fusion reaction that produces more energy than it takes to cause the reaction. It made headlines around the world.(去年12月，美国国家点火装置（NIF）的研究人员在聚变能方面取得了突破，聚变能是为恒星和太阳提供动力的化学过程。他们成功地产生了第一个实验室聚变反应，该反应产生的能量超过了引发反应所需的能量。它成为了世界各地的头条新闻)”可知，第一次实验室聚变反应取得了巨大成功。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Fusion also has the advantage — it does not cause radioactive waste.(核聚变还有一个优势 —— 它不会产生放射性废物)”可知，核聚变能源的一大优点是可以成为清洁能源。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“However, despite billions of dollars of government funding put into fusion research, we are still decades away from fusion-produced electricity. Humans have produced fusion reactions in the past, with nuclear bombs. But in bombs, the energy is released too quickly. Scientists will need to figure out how to release energy in a controlled and consistent manner for regular use.(然而，尽管政府为聚变研究投入了数十亿美元的资金，但我们距离聚变发电还有几十年的时间。人类过去曾用核弹产生过聚变反应。但在炸弹中，能量释放得太快了。科学家们需要弄清楚如何以可控和一致的方式释放能量，以便定期使用)”可推知，当前核聚变发电还面临着一些挑战。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The future of fusion may not be clear at the moment, but it is truly brilliant for science and society to see the power of the sun come to life in a lab setting.(核聚变的未来目前可能还不明确，但对科学和社会来说，在实验室中见证太阳的能量得以实现，确实是辉煌的成就)”可推知，作者认为当前核聚变的成就显著。故选C项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 技巧03 主旨大意题的答题优化策略 策略分析 高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题是考查考生整体把握文本能力的核心题型，要求考生通过梳理文章结构、整合段落核心信息，提炼出文章的中心思想、段落主旨或作者的写作目的，而非关注个别细节。主旨大意题有如下特征：（1）概括性强：正确答案需涵盖文章或段落的核心内容，具有宏观总结性，避免选择仅涉及局部细节的选项。（2）提问指向明确：题干常包含“main idea”“best title”“purpose”“mainly talk about”等标志性词汇，直接指向对“整体内容”的考查。（3）干扰项特征固定：常见干扰项多为“以偏概全”（仅概括某一段落）、“过度延伸”（超出文章讨论范围）或“无中生有”（提及文章未涉及的话题）。 答题突破技巧 一、主题句定位法 —— 抓 “信号词 + 核心句” 精准破题 【操作技巧】 80% 以上的议论文、说明文主旨藏在 “主题句” 中，常见于首段尾句、段首句或转折词后（如 however、in conclusion）。 首段尾句：文章开篇通常会进行背景铺垫或现象引入，作者往往在首段末尾抛出核心观点。例如在探讨人工智能发展的文章中，前几句先罗列 AI 在各领域的应用案例，尾句点明 "AI 技术的伦理边界亟待明确"，直接揭示文章主旨。 段首句：每段段首常为该段的核心论点，若文章段落结构清晰，将各段首句串联起来，便能梳理出文章的主旨脉络。以分析网购利弊的文章为例，各段首句分别阐述 "网购便利性重塑消费习惯"" 虚假信息引发信任危机 " 等，整合后可提炼出文章对网购全面辩证的态度。 转折词后：像 however、but、in conclusion 这类转折词，往往标志着作者真实意图的转折或总结。例如在论述社交媒体影响的文章中，前文先描述社交平台的积极作用，用 "However, the hidden privacy risks cannot be ignored" 转折后，引出文章重点探讨的隐私安全问题。 【阅读语段】 Urban gardening has gained popularity in recent years, but many people overlook its most unexpected benefit: pollination support. A 2024 study found that city gardens with native plants attract 37% more bees than rural farms using pesticides. "Cities aren’t just concrete jungles—they’re vital refuges for declining pollinators," says entomologist Dr. Lena Hart. In conclusion, urban gardening isn’t just a hobby; it’s a critical conservation tool for protecting global pollinator populations. What is the main idea of the paragraph? A. Urban gardening is a popular hobby worldwide B. Native plants are better for bees than pesticides C. Urban gardening helps protect pollinators D. Cities are important refuges for wildlife 【技巧应用】 定位信号词：在分析高考英语阅读理解文章时，要特别留意各类总结性信号词。以某篇真题为例，语段末句出现总结词 “in conclusion”，这类词如同导航路标，明确指示此处内容具有总结性质，据此我们可迅速锁定该句为主题句。通过长期真题研究发现，带有 “in conclusion”“therefore”“in summary” 等总结词的句子，80% 以上概率为主题句。 提取核心：找到主题句后，需精准提炼其核心内容。在上述案例中，主题句 “urban gardening... is a critical conservation tool for protecting global pollinator populations” 清晰表明，文章核心在于阐述城市园艺在保护全球传粉者种群方面，是至关重要的保护手段。此时要摒弃对句子中无关修饰成分的关注，聚焦主谓宾等关键信息，准确把握文章主旨。 匹配选项：将提炼出的核心内容与题目选项进行比对。选项 C 对主题句进行了合理的同义替换，准确概括了文章主旨，因此是正确答案。选项 A 仅提及 “urban gardening” 是 “popular hobby”，这只是文章中的一个片面信息，未能涵盖城市园艺对保护传粉者种群的重要意义；选项 B 聚焦 “native plants”，这属于文章中的细节内容，并非主旨；选项 D 将保护对象从原文的 “pollinators” 扩大到 “wildlife”，超出了文章论述范围，均不符合要求。 二、高频词锁定法 —— 抓 “重复核心词” 锚定主旨 【操作技巧】 文章围绕 “高频词” 展开，统计重复出现的名词 / 名词短语（3 次以上），可快速定位核心话题。这一技巧基于英语语篇的连贯特性 —— 作者通常会通过重复关键词、使用同义词或近义词等方式，强化文章主题。例如在一篇探讨人工智能对教育影响的文章中，“artificial intelligence” “education” “learning methods” 等词若频繁出现，基本可判定文章核心聚焦于二者关联。在实际解题时，建议先通读段落首尾句，快速抓取高频词汇，再结合段落间逻辑关系，最终锁定文章主旨。此外，要特别注意区分高频词的 “有效重复”，排除仅作为例子或细节出现的词汇干扰。 【阅读语段】 Urban beekeeping, the practice of raising bees in cities, has become a global movement. More than 500 cities in Europe now have urban beekeeping programs, and New York City alone has over 3,000 registered urban beekeepers. Experts explain that urban beekeeping not only produces local honey but also helps sustain wild bee populations. Even schools are joining the trend—many have set up small hives to teach students about urban beekeeping and ecology. What is the passage mainly about? A. The benefits of local honey production B. The rise of urban beekeeping worldwide C. How schools teach ecology through bees D. Wild bee populations in European cities 【技巧应用】 统计高频词：在阅读文本时，快速扫描全文，统计各关键词出现的频次是识别主旨的有效方法。以某篇阅读材料为例，“urban beekeeping”（城市养蜂）一词出现了 4 次，远超其他词汇，成为全文最高频核心词，这强烈暗示其与文章主旨密切相关。高频词往往是作者反复强调的核心概念，是文章论述的关键所在。 排除非核心词：通过对比发现，“honey”（蜂蜜）、“schools”（学校）、“wild bee”（野生蜜蜂）在文中仅出现 1 次。这些单次出现的词汇多是为了辅助说明核心内容而引入的细节信息，它们围绕核心概念展开，但本身并不能代表文章主旨。在筛选主旨时，应果断排除这些非核心词，避免被次要信息干扰判断。 验证主旨：进一步深入分析文本内容，发现整个语段围绕 “urban beekeeping” 展开，从多个角度体现其流行趋势：文中提到 “global movement”（全球运动），说明城市养蜂是一个广泛的全球性现象；“cities have programs”（城市推出相关项目）表明各地城市积极推动城市养蜂；“schools join”（学校参与）则展现了教育领域对城市养蜂的关注与支持。通过这样对文本的全面梳理，选项 B 精准概括了文章主旨，而其余选项因偏离高频词核心，无法准确提炼文章核心内容，因此可判定为错误选项。 三、干扰项排除法 —— 识 “命题陷阱” 反向验证 【操作技巧】 主旨题干扰项常具备 “偷换概念、以偏概全、无中生有” 等特征，通过 “选项溯源原文” 可逐一排除。 偷换概念：命题人会巧妙替换关键词的修饰限定成分，或用近义词替换核心词汇制造语义偏差。例如将原文 "sustainable urban development" 替换为 "rapid urban expansion"，看似相关实则改变论述核心。 以偏概全：把段落细节或分论点包装成全文主旨。如某篇探讨人工智能伦理的文章，选项却聚焦于某类算法技术，忽略其他维度的讨论。 无中生有：编造原文未提及的观点或结论。当选项中出现绝对化表述（如 "must" "never"）且无法在原文找到对应支撑时，需格外警惕。 选项溯源三步法：① 圈定选项核心关键词；② 在文中定位对应段落；③ 对比范围、情感倾向与逻辑关系，精准识别陷阱选项。 【阅读语段】 Remote work has changed office culture dramatically. A 2025 survey of 10,000 employees found that 68% prefer hybrid work schedules, while 22% want full remote work. Employers report challenges like managing team communication, but most agree that remote work boosts employee retention. However, remote work hasn’t eliminated office spaces—many companies now design smaller, more collaborative offices for in-person meetings. 【试题】 Which of the following best summarizes the passage? A. Remote work has made office spaces unnecessary B. Employees prefer full remote work to hybrid schedules C. Remote work has transformed office culture with pros and cons D. Employers struggle with remote work communication 【技巧应用】 识别陷阱选项：在高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题中，命题人常设置多种陷阱干扰考生判断。以某篇探讨办公模式变革的文章为例，选项 A 存在 “正话反说” 的陷阱，原文明确指出 “hasn’t eliminated office spaces”，即办公空间并未被完全取代，可选项 A 却暗示办公空间已被消除，与原文表意截然相反；选项 B 则属于 “偷换概念” 类型，原文表明 “68% prefer hybrid”（68% 的人倾向于混合办公模式），但选项 B 将其偷换为 “prefer full remote”（倾向于完全远程办公），曲解了原文核心观点；选项 D 犯了 “以偏概全” 的错误，它仅提及 “employers’ challenges”（雇主面临的挑战），却忽略了员工偏好、办公室实际使用变化等关键信息，无法全面概括文章主旨。 锁定正确项：正确选项 C 的设置极具代表性，它精准涵盖了 “transformed office culture”（办公文化的变革）这一核心变化，同时包含 “pros and cons”（利弊），其中 “利” 体现为员工的不同偏好，“弊” 则对应雇主面临的挑战 ，从整体上高度契合全文内容，完整且准确地提炼出文章主旨，是解答主旨大意题时典型的正确答案范例。 四、结构分析法 —— 理 “总分逻辑” 抓整体框架 【操作技巧】 高考英语阅读理解文章的结构布局存在明显规律，最常见的为 “总 - 分”“分 - 总” 以及 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构。“总 - 分” 结构中，作者通常会在文章开头或段落首句抛出核心观点，随后用具体事例、数据或分析进行支撑；“分 - 总” 结构则先罗列现象、分析问题，最后在结尾处总结核心结论；“总 - 分 - 总” 结构兼具前两者特点，首尾呼应点明主旨。 考生可以通过精准识别段落间 “观点 + 例证”“问题 + 解决”“现象 + 结论” 等逻辑关系，快速锁定关键信息。例如，若段落中出现 "For example" "Such as" 等举例标志词，其前后的观点句往往是段落重点；遇到 "However" "Nevertheless" 等转折词，则需重点关注转折后的内容。通过系统梳理这些逻辑脉络，能有效提炼出文章主旨，攻克主旨大意题这一难关。 【阅读语段】 There are three key ways to reduce food waste at home. First, meal planning helps avoid impulsive purchases—writing a weekly menu cuts waste by 23%, according to a 2024 study. Second, proper storage extends food life: freezing bread and labeling leftovers can prevent spoilage. Third, using "ugly" produce reduces waste too—imperfect fruits and vegetables are just as nutritious as perfect ones but often get thrown away. By combining these methods, families can cut food waste by up to 50%. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain why food waste happens at home B. To introduce ways to reduce home food waste C. To compare different food storage methods D. To highlight the benefits of meal planning 【技巧应用】 梳理结构：在处理阅读理解文本时，分析文章结构是把握主旨大意的关键第一步。以该文本为例，首句便开宗明义提出核心观点 “three key ways to reduce food waste”（减少食物浪费的三种关键方法），为全文奠定基调。随后作者采用 “分点阐述” 的方式，分别从 “meal planning”（膳食计划）、“storage”（储存方法）、“ugly produce”（不美观农产品利用）三个维度展开详细举例说明，用具体案例和数据支撑核心观点。末句通过总结实施这些方法后的显著效果，形成 “总 - 分 - 总” 的经典结构。这种结构能帮助读者快速定位主旨，即文章围绕减少食物浪费的方法展开论述。 排除细节项：在解答主旨大意题时，命题人常设置以偏概全的干扰项。选项 C “storage” 仅聚焦文章分述部分中关于食物储存的单一方法，选项 D “meal planning” 同样只对应膳食计划这一局部内容，二者均无法涵盖全文核心。而选项 A “why waste happens”（食物浪费发生的原因）在原文中并未涉及，属于无中生有的干扰项。通过对这些选项的细致分析，可有效排除不符合主旨的内容。 匹配总起句：正确选项的选择需与文章主旨高度契合。选项 B 与文章首句 “three key ways to reduce food waste” 形成精准呼应，不仅涵盖了文章论述的核心话题，还完整概括了文本通过多种方法减少食物浪费的核心内容，是最能准确体现全文主旨的选项。在实际解题中，当发现选项与文章总起句或总结句表述一致时，该选项极有可能是正确答案，这一技巧能帮助考生高效锁定正确选项。 五、文体特征法 —— 借 “文体规律” 定位主旨位置 【操作技巧】 不同文体的主旨位置固定（新闻在导语、议论文在首尾段、记叙文在情感升华句），可直接套用规律定位。 新闻类文本：新闻讲究时效性与核心信息前置，其导语部分（通常为首段或首句）会高度概括事件核心，如时间、地点、人物和关键事件，快速抓住新闻主旨。例如报道科技创新的新闻，导语会点明创新成果及重大意义。 议论文体：议论文围绕论点展开论述，论点多位于文章开头，通过开门见山的方式提出观点；也可能在结尾，通过总结前文论据，在文末得出结论，点明主旨。比如探讨网络利弊的议论文，开头直接抛出对网络利弊的看法，或结尾综合分析后得出结论。 记叙文体：记叙文以叙事为主，主旨往往在文章结尾的情感升华句中体现，通过对事件的描述，在结尾表达作者的感悟、思考或情感倾向，使读者领悟故事背后的深层意义 。 【阅读语段】 Scientists at the Marine Research Institute announced a breakthrough on October 15: they have developed a new material that can remove microplastics from ocean water. The material, made from recycled seaweed, traps 98% of microplastics in lab tests. "This could be a game-changer for ocean conservation," said lead researcher Dr. Mia Chen. The team plans to test the material in real oceans next year. What is the news mainly about? A. The problem of microplastics in oceans B. A new material to remove ocean microplastics C. The use of recycled seaweed in science D. Plans for ocean conservation projects 【技巧应用】 识别文体：在解答高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题时，首先需要精准判断文章体裁。以某篇真题为例，其首句出现 “announced a breakthrough”（宣布一项重大突破）以及具体时间 “on October 15”（10 月 15 日），这些典型要素高度契合新闻文体 “导语即主旨” 的核心特征。新闻类文章通常会在导语部分直接呈现最重要的事件或观点，这一特点为我们快速锁定文章主旨提供了重要线索。 定位导语核心：通过对上述新闻导语的深度剖析，我们可以明确提炼出核心信息 ——“developed a new material that can remove microplastics from ocean water”（开发出一种能够从海水中去除微塑料的新材料）。这一关键表述不仅点明了新闻事件的核心内容，也为后续选择正确答案指明了方向。在实际答题过程中，同学们要善于抓住导语中的核心动词和关键名词，这些往往是揭示文章主旨的关键所在。 验证选项：将题目中的各个选项与我们提炼出的导语核心信息进行细致比对。选项 B 的内容与导语核心表述直接对应，准确概括了文章主旨；而选项 A 聚焦于 “problem”（问题），选项 C 强调 “seaweed use”（海藻的使用），选项 D 涉及 “plans”（计划），这些均属于文章中围绕核心事件展开的次要信息，无法全面准确地概括文章主旨，不符合新闻类文章主旨定位的基本规律。因此，在验证选项时，一定要紧扣导语核心，避免被次要信息干扰，从而做出正确的选择。 六、逆向验证法 —— 以 “选项为标题” 反推原文内容 【操作技巧】 在解答 “最佳标题题” 时，可采用逆向验证法，将每个选项假设为文章标题，通过三个维度判断其适配性： 内容覆盖度：标题是否能精准概括文章核心论点、关键论据及主要情节？例如，若文章围绕 "AI 在教育领域的伦理争议" 展开论述，标题却仅提及 "AI 技术发展"，则属于范围过小； 概念匹配度：标题中的核心概念是否与文章核心讨论对象完全对应？若文章聚焦于 "青少年心理健康干预"，标题使用泛化概念 "人类心理研究" 则存在范围过大问题； 情感一致性：标题传递的情感基调（积极 / 消极 / 中性）是否与文章论述倾向相符？例如讽刺类文章使用正向陈述标题，会导致表意偏差。 叙述精准度：警惕以偏概全的选项（如仅涵盖某一段落细节），或过度引申的表述（超出文章实际讨论范畴）。 【阅读语段】 Volunteering abroad can be life-changing, but it requires careful preparation. First, research the organization: avoid "voluntourism" groups that exploit local communities. Second, learn basic phrases in the local language—this shows respect and helps communication. Third, pack appropriately: bring reusable items and avoid gifts that may harm the local environment. Finally, keep an open mind—cultural differences are part of the experience. Which is the best title for the passage? A. The Benefits of Volunteering Abroad B. How to Choose a Volunteering Organization C. Preparing for Responsible International Volunteering D. Cultural Differences in Volunteer Work 【技巧应用】 逆向假设验证：在处理主旨大意题时，逆向假设验证法是一种高效且精准的解题策略。通过假设每个选项为文章标题，再与原文实际内容进行对比分析，能够快速甄别出选项与原文在核心内容、涵盖范围等方面的契合度。 若以 “A. The Life-Changing Benefits of Overseas Volunteering” 作为标题，按照正常的行文逻辑，文章内容应着重围绕海外志愿活动所带来的 “benefits”（益处）展开，深入探讨这些益处如何改变人生。然而，仔细研读原文后会发现，仅有首句轻描淡写地提及 “life-changing”（改变人生），后续大篇幅内容都聚焦于 “preparation”（准备工作），如语言学习、物资打包等。这就表明该选项的侧重点与原文严重不符，其范围设定过宽，无法精准概括文章核心，因此可排除。 “B. How to Research the Organization for Overseas Volunteering” 选项仅对应原文中 “research the organization”（研究志愿组织）这一个局部内容。而原文除了组织研究外，还详细阐述了语言能力提升、合理打包物资等多方面内容，该选项未能将这些重要信息纳入其中，涵盖面过于狭窄，无法全面反映文章全貌，不能作为文章的主旨标题。 当我们假设 “C. Preparing for a Responsible Overseas Volunteering” 为标题时，根据标题所传达的信息，文章应围绕 “负责任的海外志愿活动的准备” 展开叙述。进一步分析原文，会发现文章不仅详细介绍了准备工作，还着重强调了 “避免剥削” 以及 “环保” 等重要内容，这些要点都与 “负责任” 紧密相关，同时也紧扣 “preparation” 这一核心动作。该选项与原文内容在主题和逻辑上完全匹配，能够精准概括文章主旨。 “D. Understanding Cultural Differences in Overseas Volunteering” 选项仅仅对应原文末句提及的 “cultural differences”（文化差异）这一细节内容。主旨大意题需要提炼文章的核心观点，而该选项仅关注了一个细节点，无法体现文章整体的核心内容和行文脉络，因此不能作为文章的标题。 锁定标题：经过对各个选项的逆向假设验证，选项 C “Preparing for a Responsible Overseas Volunteering” 既牢牢抓住了 “preparing” 这一贯穿全文的核心动作，又通过 “responsible” 一词精准呼应了原文中隐含的对海外志愿活动应秉持的责任要求，无论是在内容涵盖度还是逻辑契合度上，都远超其他选项，无疑是最能准确概括文章主旨的最佳答案。 突破演练 1 A touching moment at an airport was captured in a Reddit video shared by users. In the clip, a young girl in a wheelchair approaches a pianist setting up to play. Flashing a confident smile, she asks if he would like to perform together. The pianist agrees without hesitation, asking which instrument she plays. When she replies, “cello,” excitement fills the air. Moments later, the pianist, the young cellist, and her teacher take their places on the platform, ready to create a beautiful musical collaboration. The airport grew silent as the young girl, filled with excitement, began playing alongside the pianist. Travelers quickly gathered near the public piano, absorbed in the unexpected performance and recording the moment on their phones. The cellist, 17-year-old Valentina, who is living with a rare muscle disease, poured her heart into the music, moving many in the crowd to tears. Even the pianist admitted he was in awe. “Music is my medicine,” Valentina said a heartfelt message that struck a chord with everyone. The travelers witnessed the incredible power of her music. By the end, her teacher’s proud smile reflected the inspiring spirit of this extraordinary musician. Reddit users described the performance as a shining example of humanity at its best. Many praised music’s ability to unite and heal (治愈), while the teacher’s role in making it happen earned widespread admiration. The heartfelt video touched viewers deeply, highlighting the profound impact of music and human resilience. One commenter praised the young cellist’s talent and determination, which shone through in the emotional performance, highlighting how music can overcome physical challenges and touch people worldwide. Others reflected on music’s profound impact, explaining its ability to influence brain function and well-being in humans and other living beings. One story shared described a deer attracted by a musician’s performance, emphasizing music’s universal appeal. 1．What did the video show? A．The airport was noisy with a lot of people around. B．The teacher was excited to see the famous pianist. C．The pianist was willing to cooperate with the girl. D．The disabled girl was embarrassed to perform in public. 2．How did the travelers respond to the musical cooperation? A．They were fascinated and shot the scene. B．They complained and asked for silence. C．They expressed admiration for Valentina’s talent. D．They praised the teacher’s role in making it happen. 3．What do we know about Valentina from the article? A．She used music to treat her illness. B．She was empowered spiritually by music. C．She preferred music over medical treatment. D．She suffered from a common muscle disorder. 4．Which of the following do commenters agree with? A．Music can cure people’s physical pain. B．Cooperation is a must in performances. C．Music has a force of healing and appeal. D．Teachers are crucial in training talents. 2 When it comes to the business of moving elephants, Dr. Amir Khalil and his team might be the best. The work experience of this Egyptian animal doctor includes possibly the most famous elephant relocation ever. In 2020, Khalil’s team saved Kaavan, an Asian elephant, from years of loneliness at a zoo in Pakistan. They flew him to Cambodia, where he could live a happier life at an elephant reserve. The relocation project was a great success. After that, there was Charley, an African elephant in South Africa. Charley had been living in Pretoria Zoo for more than 20 years. Since his partner passed away in 2020, he was extremely unhappy. Elephants are very sensitive animals. Zoo officials hoped that he could spend his remaining years in a better place. His new home was going to be a private game reserve 200 kilometres away. Charley was captured (捕获) in Zimbabwe in the 1980s. He spent 16 years in a circus and then 23 years at the zoo. It is estimated that he is 42 years old and has been in captivity for 40 years. As an animal rescue specialist, Khalil was selected for this task. Two other doctors, who had participated in Kaavan’s relocation, also joined in. They met Charley two years ago to assess whether he was ready for relocation and to earn his trust. They trained Charley to enter a transport container by using his favourite foods such as pumpkins. To everyone’s surprise, he was ready in less than two weeks. In late August, Charley was moved to the Shambala reserve. At first, he will be kept in a separate area to adapt to the new environment. It is quite rare for captive elephants to be returned to the wild. Khalil praised the zoo and the government. At Shambala, Charley will be free and might recall his early life. He has already started communicating with other elephants. 1．What did Dr. Amir Khalil’s team do in 2020? A．They helped transport an Asian elephant to Cambodia. B．They moved an elephant from South Africa to Cambodia. C．They built a new elephant reserve in Pakistan. D．They found a partner for an elephant in a zoo. 2．Why was Charley unhappy? A．He disliked the Pretoria Zoo. B．He was captured in Zimbabwe. C．His partner died. D．He spent most of his time in captivity. 3．What will happen to Charley first at the Shambala reserve? A．He’ll be kept in a separate area. B．He’ll join the wild elephant herds. C．He’ll meet his old friends. D．He’ll have to adapt to pumpkins. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Difficulties Dr. Amir Khalil and His Team Have Met B．Dr. Amir Khalil and His Team’s Success in Elephant Relocation C．Methods of Moving Elephants from One Place to Another D．Zoos and Elephant Conservation All Over the World 3 “What have I gotten myself into?” I wondered as I sat through a research meeting conducted entirely in Polish, unable to even read the title on the screen. Having only basic Polish language skills, I found my experiment in cross-cultural cooperation more challenging than I had expected. The idea of spending time abroad hadn’t occurred to me until my advisor suggested it during my first year. With his support, I enjoyed a remarkable summer in a laboratory in Japan, which left me wanting more. So, I applied for a Fulbright fellowship in Poland. To receive the fellowship, I first had to find a lab to host me, and neither I nor my advisor had any connections to Poland. Relying on Google to translate lab websites, I began to send cold emails. When my eventual host responded, eager to collaborate, I was thrilled. I suddenly felt the possibilities for my research career were endless and global. I was the first visiting scholar my research group had hosted from the United States, and my Polish colleagues were curious about what brought me to their country. This led to many fruitful discussions about the similarities and differences in how science is conducted across cultures. For example, much of the funding in Poland is awarded to teams rather than individuals. The system promotes cross-disciplinary (跨学科的) cooperations across the country, which in turn shapes how scientists design and carry out studies. I learned as much about the history and culture in Central and Eastern Europe as I did scientifically. Colleagues related firsthand accounts about challenges the region faced during the Cold War. Many laboratories had limited resources, and they rarely published their research in English. Those conditions helped shape research on antimicrobial treatment into bacteriophage and antibiotics, and Poland remain leaders in the former to this day. My cultural immersion made me a better researcher. I now see cross-cultural cooperations as a way to overcome communication barriers that can block progress in science. By stepping outside my comfort zone, I gained the confidence to navigate my research in new directions that I might have otherwise boxed myself out of. 1．Why did the author apply for fellowship in Poland? A．To practice Polish and learn its culture. B．To have another rewarding experience. C．To follow the advisor’s suggestion. D．To continue the research started in Japan. 2．How did the author benefit from the experience in Polland? A．He became an expert in Cold War history. B．He had access to cross-disciplinary cooperations. C．He secured abundant funding for future research projects. D．He obtained scientific knowledge and a global perspective. 3．Which words best describe the author? A．Helpful and determined. B．Cautious and innovative. C．Adventurous and inquisitive. D．Curious and competitive. 4．What does the author imply about cross-cultural cooperations? A．They are essential for the advancement of science. B．They might box researchers out of a certain direction. C．They should prioritize language training over research. D．They are valueless for creative minds in scientific field. 4 A new study led by researchers from Queen Mary University of London reveals that group arts interventions — such as painting, music, or dance — can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety among older adults. The findings offer a convincing case for the benefits of shared creative activities. Depression and anxiety are silent struggles for millions of older adults worldwide, affecting 7% and 3.8% of those aged 60 and over, respectively. While medications (药物) and talking therapies (疗法) are often the go-to treatments, they aren’t always accessible or suitable for older adults, who may face side effects, high costs, or discomfort in discussing their mental health. This study shines a light on a promising alternative: the simple, yet deep act of creating art together. Led by Elizabeth Quinn, a PhD candidate in psychology at Queen Mary University of London, the research found that older adults in care homes saw a greater reduction in depression symptoms compared to those living in the community, highlighting the potential of these interventions to support some of the most vulnerable members of society. What’s more, the benefits were consistent across different types of art — whether it was painting, dancing, or making music — and across diverse populations, suggesting that the magic lies in the shared experience of creating together. The study also found that the setting mattered. Older adults in care homes, who often face higher levels of loneliness and weakness, experienced the greatest improvements in mental health. This highlights the potential of group arts interventions to reach those who need it most. “Art interventions are accessible, cost-effective, and enjoyable,” said Dr. Jones, the study’s senior author. “They offer a way to address mental health challenges that doesn’t rely only on medication or traditional therapy.” The research team hopes their findings will encourage healthcare providers to integrate group arts interventions into mental health care plans for older adults. They also call for further research to explore the long-term benefits of these interventions and their potential applications in other age groups and settings. 1．What did the research find about the elderly in care homes? A．They experienced more health issues. B．They preferred medications for treatment. C．They had a greater reduction in depression. D．They were less happy than those living outside. 2．What is crucial to the success of group arts interventions? A．The type of art. B．The shared experience. C．The professional guidance. D．The length of the intervention. 3．What is Dr. Jones’s attitude towards art interventions? A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Critical. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Group Arts Interventions: Easing Older Adults’ Depression & Anxiety B．Loneliness in Care Homes: Impact on Older Adults’ Mental Health C．Medications & Therapies for Older Adults’ Mental Health D．Long-Term Art Benefits for All Age Groups 5 Josh Klein is a pioneer in finding creative solutions to one of the world’s most pressing environmental problems: food waste. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), approximately one-third of the food produced worldwide is wasted every year, which amounts to about 1.3 billion tons. Josh, however, isn’t just talking about the problem — he’s actively working to solve it. Josh Klein founded Spoiler Alert, a startup that helps businesses manage and reduce food waste by connecting surplus food with charitable organizations and food banks. The platform allows companies to sell or donate food that might otherwise go to waste, creating a win-win situation for both businesses and communities in need. Josh’s journey into the world of food waste innovation began while he was working in the tech industry. He realized that just like many other industries, food production and distribution could benefit from more efficient management. His company, Spoiler Alert, uses technology to provide real-time data to businesses, helping them track food waste and make more informed decisions. By streamlining (优化) food distribution and connecting businesses with organizations in need, Josh’s platform helps to redirect millions of pounds of food away from landfills. One of the most important aspects of Josh’s approach is the use of technology to solve a real-world problem. Through data analytics and a user-friendly interface, Spoiler Alert has transformed the way companies think about waste. Instead of seeing excess food as a loss, businesses are now able to see it as a valuable resource that can benefit others. Josh’s work not only reduces food waste but also helps provide food to those who need it most. His platform has already been adopted by large companies in the food industry, and it continues to grow as more businesses recognize the potential of reducing waste while giving back to their communities. Through his innovation, Josh Klein is showing the world how technology and entrepreneurship (企业家精神) can make a meaningful impact on society. By tackling food waste, he is helping to create a more sustainable future for everyone. 1．What is the main goal of Josh Klein’s startup Spoiler Alert? A．To support agricultural development in poor regions. B．To optimize food production processes for companies. C．To address food waste through nonprofit partnerships. D．To minimize waste by commercializing excess food. 2．How does Spoiler Alert assist businesses in reducing food waste? A．By offering real-time data to track food waste. B．By selling surplus food to consumers directly. C．By offering large discounts on food production. D．By providing a platform to advertise surplus food. 3．What change in business attitude does Josh Klein’s platform promote? A．Focusing only on reducing food production costs. B．Treating excess food as a loss rather than a resource. C．Reducing the amount of food produced to minimize waste. D．Viewing surplus food as a valuable resource for donation. 4．Which of the following best describes Josh Klein? A．Creative and honest. B．Passionate and generous. C．Innovative and determined. D．Ambitious and warm-hearted. 6 Why do some people feel such a strong bond with celebrities, and what does this reveal about their personality and values? A new study published in the International Journal of Psychology has found that people who strongly admire celebrities tend to score higher in both materialism and narcissism (自恋). The study also found that people who perceive themselves as similar to their favorite celebrity are more likely to have these attitudes. The study, conducted by Davis, Locker, and Williams, recruited 215 undergraduates, mostly women, who completed a battery of questionnaires measuring their attitudes toward celebrities, materialistic values, and narcissistic tendencies. Participants also answered newly created questions that assessed how similar they felt to their favorite celebrity in terms of personality, appearance, or lifestyle. Celebrity worship was assessed with the Celebrity Attitude Scale (量表). Materialism was measured by examining how much value people place on owning things, how important possessions are to their identity, and whether they believe material goods make them happier. Narcissism was measured in two forms: grandiose narcissism (characterized by confidence, entitlement, and dominance) and vulnerable narcissism (marked by insecurity, sensitivity to criticism, and a preoccupation with self-image). The results showed a consistent relationship between celebrity worship and materialism. People who scored higher on celebrity worship also tended to place greater importance on money, status, and possessions. When it came to narcissism, only the vulnerable type, people with higher levels of emotional insecurity and self-focus, were more likely to feel strongly connected to celebrities. Most importantly, perceived similarity — whether in appearance, behavior, or personality — stood out as one of the strongest predictors of celebrity worship. The researchers concluded, “celebrity worship is a complex construct, but perceived similarity with a favorite celebrity and vulnerable narcissism may be fruitful avenues for future research.” Still, an important question remains: do people idolize celebrities because they already feel similar to them, or do they start to see themselves as similar after forming an emotional attachment? 1．What is paragraph 2 about? A．The research background. B．The research subjects. C．The research results. D．The research method. 2．According to the study, who are more likely to worship celebrities? A．Those indifferent to wealth and social status. B．Those valuing self-confidence and dominance. C．Those emotionally insecure and self-focused. D．Those seeking spiritual growth beyond possessions. 3．According to the researchers, what might be a direction of future research? A．Celebrity worship. B．Grandiose narcissism. C．Materialism. D．Perceived similarity. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain celebrity worship psychology. B．To warn against the dangers of celebrity culture. C．To criticize celebrity materialism and narcissism. D．To describe scales for measuring personality traits. 7 Anybody can write. I believe it as much as I believe that nobody is boring. Are people writing more? I believe so. There is a lot of writing going on. All kinds of writing — amateur writing, professional writing, creative writing, boring writing, etc. Enthusiastic reader is hardly a thing anymore. Storyteller, published author and productive blogger are words that decorate people’s bio more often. The trend of listing what one is reading has been replaced by listing self-authored articles. Reading is unavoidable. Reading generates the road map for a society’s progress. But then why write? The most substantial reason could be ease of Expression, Record, and Reach. Enabled by present-day technology, the ease of Record (digitally saved forever) and Reach (to readers anywhere in the world) are undoubtedly the more straightforward motivations to write. But ease of Expression? We perhaps partly owe that to technology too. The social shaping (e. g. messaging behaviors) caused by technology has resulted in the breakdown of structures and rules of writing to a great extent, if not entirely, thus freeing up the technique of writing like music and art. Consequently, writing in all forms (short-long), structures (words-graphics-sound), and shapes (books-blogs-posts-tweets-open letters) has appeared like a movement. Writing is a promise, It is a promise to deliver not just pleasure, information, or inspiration; it is a promise to care. Writing can be intrusive (侵扰的). It can even be rude, as Joan Didion puts it in her essay Why I Write. The readers are the victims of the writer’s thoughts and views. But that’s how writers challenge the readers to think, look around and push back. Even after we have managed to ease the disciplinary demands of good literature, it still wouldn’t take the pain away from writing because thinking is the pain point of writing. We have to make things up or think about things we see. One could be as local, raw, and not remain preoccupied with presenting a stylized piece of sentence and still find a platform to write. But let us ensure we don’t ever give up thinking and never make writing completely painless. 1．What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A．Writing has become more popular. B．People no longer enjoy reading books. C．Readers are uninterested in others’ reading lists. D．Listing self-authored articles is a new form of social networking. 2．How has technology influenced writing? A．It has made writing more structured and formal. B．It has strengthened the bonds between writing and art. C．It has made writing more accessible and diverse. D．It has decreased the number of professional writers. 3．What is the ultimate purpose of writing according to Joan Didion? A．To entertain and amuse readers. B．To deliver the latest information. C．To impress readers with literary skills. D．To inspire readers to form new thoughts. 4．What does the author expect of writing? A．The challenges of thinking should be valued. B．There will be various platforms to choose from. C．There will be more works focusing on pain in life. D．The disciplinary demands of good literature will stay. 5．Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A．The relationship between reading and writing. B．The influence of technology on writing. C．The various forms and trends of modern writing. D．The reasons and nature of writing in modern society. 8 In the early 2000s, Merlin Mann, a Web designer and devoted Macintosh enthusiast, was working as a freelance (自由职业的) project manager for software companies. He had held similar roles for years, so he knew the ins and outs of the job; he was surprised, therefore, to find that he was literally buried under — not by the mentally challenging aspects of his work but by the many small administrative tasks, such as scheduling conference calls, that surfaced up from a chaotic stream of e-mail messages. Mann wasn’t alone in his frustration. Work lives that had once been orderly — two or three blocks of work, broken up by meetings and phone calls — became wildly busy, unplanned, and impossibly overloaded. “E-mail is a ball of uncertainty that represents anxiety,” Mann said, reflecting on this period. Things have not since changed much. Most of us are not our own bosses, and therefore lack the ability to dramatically rebuild the structure of our work responsibilities, but imagine if, through some combination of new management thinking and technology, we could introduce processes that minimize the time required to talk about work or fight off random tasks thrown our way by equally stressed co-workers, and instead let us organize our days around a small number of separate and specific objectives. This vision is attractive, but it cannot be realized by individual actions alone. It will require management intervention. Up until now, there has been little will to shift the responsibility for productivity from the person to the organization. Most knowledge-work companies have been more focused on keeping up with technological breakthroughs that might open up new markets, without addressing the fundamental issues that underlie workplace inefficiency. To get more done, it’s been sufficient to simply encourage employees to work harder. Laptops and smartphones helped these efforts by enabling office workers to find extra hours in the day to get things done, providing a productivity balance against the inefficiencies of overload culture. It seems likely that any successful effort to reform professional life must start by making it easier to figure out who is working on what, and how it’s going. Because so much of our effort in the office now develops in rapid exchanges of digital messages, it’s tempting to allow our in-boxes to become an informal storage place for everything we need to get done. This strategy, however, covers up many of the worst aspects of overload culture. Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that indicates who is doing the work, and is pinned under a column indicating its status. With a quick glance, you can now determine everything going on within your team and ask meaningful questions about how much work any one person should tackle at a time. With this setup, improvement becomes possible. 1．What does the author try to illustrate with the example of Merlin Mann? A．More and more people have started to hop from one job to another. B．Creative design is very demanding mentally when done individually. C．Too many job responsibilities to perform could make people depressed. D．Small tasks could emerge at random to keep people disorganized at work. 2．What is the author’s view of email use in the workplace? A．It helps employees keep track of the work that has been piled up. B．It contributes to the difficulty and inefficiency of task management. C．It facilitates emotional support in times of uncertainty and anxiety. D．It provides an opportunity for employees to communicate informally. 3．What change does the author try to introduce in the workplace? A．Enhancing work flow with the aid of technology. B．Reducing workload and lowering the stress level. C．Setting distinct attainable goals for individuals. D．Redistributing work duties among employees. 4．What can be inferred about the system the author suggests? A．New software can help to hire workers from outside. B．Teamwork will become easier with a big picture. C．Division of labor will be negotiated within a team. D．Virtual reality can help to do on-the-job training. 9 It’s been quite a while since the world saw exactly how deadly these deep-sea voyages can be. On June 18,2023, the private submersible(潜水船)Titan carried five men on a mission to view the remains of the Titanic, which is about 400 miles off the coast of Newfoundland. The dive was expected to take a few hours and reach a depth of more than 12,000 feet. But 105minutes after the Titan went down below the waves, it lost contact. The U. S. and Canadian Coast Guards and the U. S. Navy were called in for a desperate search to rescue the passengers, only to discover the Titan had collapsed inward with no survivors. The disaster dominated global news for weeks, touching off debates: Are human-led deep-sea missions worth their risks and costs? On social media, some expressed sympathy, while others opposed the effort. Critics labeled the passengers “risk-takers” or “senseless,” and journalists strongly criticised the media focus on wealthy explorers instead of 700 drowned victims in the Aegean Sea. The obloquy continues today—I’ve been targeted myself. For a decade, I’ve supported undersea exploration, arguing its importance. Critics object that remotely operated machines make human missions unnecessary. Why dive deep when we can study hidden secrets in high-definition from safe offices? Yet I defend humanity’s drive to explore—the hands-on, unpredictable pursuit that sent us to the moon and across oceans. Without such exploration, scientists can’t confirm theories; nor can journalists share real stories. Through many attempts and mistakes, I’ve learned: To truly describe a subject, you must encounter it. Discovery requires being present. The path to knowledge is challenging, filled with setbacks and failures. It’s costly and often unrewarding, but that’s exactly why it matters. Trying various approaches—even following uncertain clues—is crucial to discovery. We lose something vital if we abandon the courage to go deep. 1．What was the initial purpose of the Titan’s mission? A．To test an underwater vehicle. B．To study undersea creatures. C．To rescue Aegean Sea victims. D．To observe the ruins of a ship. 2．What does the underlined word “obloquy” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The occurrence of drowning. B．The criticism from the society. C．The debate among journalists. D．The focus on wealthy explorers. 3．How does the author defend the value of deep-sea exploration? A．By quoting famous scientists. B．By listing undersea discoveries. C．By weighing the risks and significance. D．By emphasizing its economic benefits. 4．What is essential for discovery according to the author? A．Media coverage. B．Pure imagination. C．Secured environment. D．Direct involvement. 10 A 16th-century painting, Madonna and Child by Venetian artist Antonio Solario, has become the focus of an international legal battle after resurfacing in Britain. Stolen in 1973 from a museum in Belluno, Italy, the artwork was recovered in Austria alongside other stolen pieces but later acquired by Barbara De Dozsa, a British woman, whose late husband purchased it “in good faith” that year. De Dozsa refuses to return the painting, citing Britain’s Limitation Act 1980, which ensures legal ownership to buyers of stolen goods if purchased innocently and held for over six years. However, Italian authorities and art lawyer Christopher Marinello argue the work remains stolen property. The painting was identified in 2017 when De Dozsa attempted to auction (拍卖) it, drawing special attention from Inter-police and Italian police databases. Due to the delays for some unstoppable reason, Italy missed the deadline to submit legal documents, leading British police to return the painting to De Dozsa in 2020. Marinello, founder of Art Recovery International, insists the museum keeps legal ownership, stressing that British police clearly denied transferring title to De Dozsa. The Belluno museum’s Carlo Cavalli stressed this position again, stating possession does not equal to ownership. De Dozsa claims financial burdens to contest the case, including $6,000 in legal fees and insurance costs, but Marinello contradicts that the painting’s value ($60,000–$80,000) and illegal status render it unsellable. British police cited Italy’s delayed response as a good reason for releasing the artwork to her. The case underscores tensions between legal technical details and ethical obligations in art ownership. Solario, active in Italy and possibly England, has works displayed in London’s National Gallery, highlighting the cultural significance of reclaiming lost heritage. As legal efforts continue, the dispute remains unresolved, testing international diplomatic manners for recovering stolen art. 1．What happened to the painting Madonna and Child? A．It was sold in 1973. B．It was found in Italy. C．It was stolen in Austria. D．It was auctioned in 2020. 2．What empowers De Dozsa to defend her legal ownership? A．The painting’s high restoration cost. B．The Limitation Act 1980 in British law. C．The museum’s failure to report the theft timely. D．Her late husband’s preference as an art collector. 3．According to Marinello, why can’t De Dozsa sell the painting? A．It remains stolen property under law. B．Its market value is too low to attract buyers. C．British police ban any auction of the artwork. D．The museum has already reclaimed it through legal means. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Challenges of Art Heritage Preservation B．A Stolen Painting’s Recovery Through Europe C．Ownership Dispute Under Different Legal Systems D．A legal Battle Over a 16th-Century Stolen Masterpiece 11 Miami saltwater recreational fishing is a big part of Florida’s tourist economy. Fishing enthusiasts take more than 40 million saltwater fishing trips each year in Florida in hopes of getting a grouper (石斑鱼), snapper or mahi mahi. But strict regulations on seasons and the species that can be taken mean that more than half of the fish caught on a typical trip are returned to the water. Fishing guides and marine fisheries officials are spreading the word how to make sure the fish that are released live to fight another day. University of Florida marine fisheries specialist Angela Collins says when reef (珊瑚礁) fish that spend their time in deep water are brought to the surface, the gases in their bodies expand, sometimes greatly. They can experience barotrauma. “That’s when you see the fish’s eyes sticking out of its head or its stomach popping out of its mouth,” Collins says. “That obviously can be harmful to the fish, in some cases fatal.” People who fish in Florida are now required to have long needles on board to help reef fish release the pressure. But it’s also important to attach something called a descending (下降)tool to the fish. It’s a weight attaching to the fish’s lower lip before lowering it slowly back into the water. “This just shoots it down really fast,” Collins says. “It’s closed until this gets to 100 feet. And it pops open. And that just basically lets the fish swim off.” Conn has operated party boats out of Miami for more than 40 years. Saltwater recreational fishing has changed a lot during that time. “It used to be about killing a lot of fish.” But then he says, “Regulations came in. Some folks didn’t fish as much when they weren’t able to come home with as many fish.” Now, he says, some come out for a day on the water, to be with their friends and to maybe come home with a fish. Conn says, “It’s fishing just for what it is, it’s about the experience.” 1．What does the underlined word “barotrauma” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to? A．An injury caused by water. B．A life-threatening situation. C．A rare chance in life. D．An expansion of the species. 2．Why was a descending tool attached to the released fish? A．To release the pressure for it. B．To take a good use of the tool. C．To help it sink to the bottom more slowly. D．To get it back down to its habitat rapidly. 3．What is the most probable cause for the change of Miami saltwater recreational fishing? A．Killing fish is out of fashion. B．Strict rules have been issued. C．Interest in fishing is growing. D．Fishing industry is on the decline. 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．When to Return Reef Fish to the Sea B．What to Do with Young Fish in the Sea C．How to Make Sure Released Reef Fish Survive D．How to Promote Saltwater Recreational Fishing 12 Last December, researchers at the National Ignition Facility(NIF)had made a breakthrough in fusion (核聚变)energy, the same chemical process that powers the stars and our sun. They had succeeded in producing the first laboratory fusion reaction that produces more energy than it takes to cause the reaction. It made headlines around the world. At extremely high temperatures and pressure, the atoms break into their components — nuclei (原子核) and electrons. This kind of positive nuclei and negative electrons is referred to as plasma (等离子体). It is considered the fourth state of matter, the other three being solid, liquid and gas. Fusion is a process that takes place in the plasma state. The process of fusion produces a huge amount of energy which, in turn, causes further fusion reactions. Our sun is incredibly efficient in producing fusion energy; its huge mass creates the pressure and temperatures needed to keep the reaction going. Earth can’t recreate the high pressure and temperature conditions of the sun, so scientists must find techniques in laboratories to start the reaction. The NIF experiment successfully proved that fusion isn’t just a theoretical concept: we are able to create an energy source that is self-sustaining. Fusion also has the advantage — it does not cause radioactive waste. However, despite billions of dollars of government funding put into fusion research, we are still decades away from fusion-produced electricity. Humans have produced fusion reactions in the past, with nuclear bombs. But in bombs, the energy is released too quickly. Scientists will need to figure out how to release energy in a controlled and consistent manner for regular use. Even if we can overcome challenges in the development, will fusion be able to compete with solar and wind power for cost and availability? The future of fusion may not be clear at the moment, but it is truly brilliant for science and society to see the power of the sun come to life in a lab setting. 1．What facts have we learned about the first laboratory fusion reaction? A．It was a big success. B．It escaped public attention. C．It produced less energy than expected. D．It introduced the fourth state of matter. 2．What is a big advantage of fusion energy? A．It depends on the sun. B．It can be clean energy. C．It is an unexpected energy source. D．It works under normal conditions. 3．What can be implied about producing fusion energy in paragraph 5? A．It faces some challenges now. B．It isn’t supported by governments. C．It may cause very dangerous consequences. D．It cannot compete with solar and wind power. 4．Which statement would the author most likely agree with? A．The future of fusion is clear and bright. B．Fusion energy will be the main energy one day. C．The present achievements in fusion energy are remarkable. D．The experimental techniques are essential to producing fusion energy. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $