【中职专用】时态课件-语法专项突破

职教高考英语语法专项 （二） 时 态 Tense （涵盖十六种英语时态） 导学目录 时态的定义 时态的种类 时态的用法 时 态 Tense 时态的练习 时 态： 用动词的某种形式表示谓语动作发生的时间(如过去、现在、将来)。 He is doing his homework. He will do his homework. He has done his homework. 正在做 现在 将要做 将来 已做过 完成 时态的定义 频率 时间 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 十六种时态的基本结构 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 别担心， 常用的 只有8种呦 do/does am(is,are)doing was/were doing have/has done had done did shall/will do should/ would do 时态的种类 语法结构 主语+动词原形 I work. I don’t work. Do you work? 主语（第三人称单数）+动词s She works. She doesn’t work. Does she work? 常用时间状语：every week (year, day, morning…) on sundays 1.一般现在时：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作。 时态的用法 基本用法 （1）The earth moves around the sun.(真理) （2）He is very happy.（现在状态） （3）He goes to school every day.（经常性动作） （4）If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.（主将从现） （5）The train starts at nine in the morning. （按计划、规定将要发生的动作） 语法结构：主语+动词过去式 2.一般过去时： He worked. He didn’t work. Did he work? They were workers. They were not workers. Were they workers? 常用时间状语: yesterday, two days ago, in1995, last night(week, year, summer) 表示过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 基本用法 （1）He worked in a factory in1998. （2）I used to smoke. I didn’t use to smoke. I usedn’t to smoke. （过去发生的） （过去常做的） 3.现在进行时：表示现在时刻正在进行的动作。 语法结构：主语+be(am, is, are)+现在分词(V+ing) He is working. Is he working? He is not working. 常用时间状语：now, at three o’clock have, be, hear, see, like等词一般不用进行时 基本用法 It’s raining hard outside. 1.表示说话时正在进行的动作或状态。 常与now, right now, at this moment, at present等时间状语连用。 What are they quarrelling about? 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作 I’m writing a book about myself. 3. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。 She is flying to Shanghai tomorrow. They are getting married next month. 4.过去进行时：表示过去时刻正在进行的动作。 语法结构：主语+was(were)+现在分词（V+ing） We were working. We were not working. Were you working? 常用时间状语：then, at the moment, at that time, this time yesterday, at eight last night, when… 基本用法 He was reading a novel when I came in. (时间点) 1.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作 He was studying in a university in 1980.（时间段） He was writing a book last year, but I don’t know if he has finished it. （时间段） 2.用于描写故事情景， 或提供故事发生的时间背景。 While I was working in the garden, the accident happened. 用英语表达该视频画面 主语+have+ 过去分词(V+ed) We have worked. We have not worked. Have you worked? She has worked. She has not worked. Has she worked? 主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词（V+ed） 常用时间状语already, yet, now, just, since1995, for ten years, so far, by… 为非延续性动词come, go, die, marry, buy, begin, join 5.现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响。 基本用法 I have finished my homework. The film has been on for ten minutes. Try to compare: I bought the book two years ago. 两年前我买的这本书（过去时） I have had the book for two years. 这本书我已经买了两年了 （我已经拥有这本书两年了）（现在完成时，延续性动作） I have bought the book. 我已经买了这本书（现在完成时，结束性动作） （1）表示现在已经完成的动作。 （2）表示延续性动作。 come go\leave die marry buy begin start borrow lend join be in be off be dead be married have be on be on have\keep have\keep be in 非延续性动词 延续性动词 延续性动词表示可以持续的动作或状态。 非延续性动词表示行为或过程是短暂时间内完成的。 经典例句 1.He has come. 2. He has gone. 3. He has died. 4. He has married. 5. He has bought the book. He has __________for ten minutes. been in He has ______the book for two months. had He has _____________ for two years. been married He has _____________ for two years. been dead He has ___________ for ten minutes. been off Please change 6. It has begun. 7. He has borrowed the book. 8. He has lent the book. 9. He has joined the Army. It has _________ for five minutes. He has __________ the book for two days. He has ___________the book for two days. He has _________ the Army for five years. been on had\kept had\kept been in 经典例句 Please change 17 6.过去完成时：表示过去时间以前，已经完成的动作。即过去的过去。 语法结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（V+ed） We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term. We hadn’t learned 1000 words by the end of last term. Had you learned 1000 words by the end of last term? 常用时间状语：When…, by… before或时间状语从句 基本用法 2.表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. He had worked in the factory for five years before he moved here. 1.表示过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作。 He had left before I arrived. By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1000 letters from all over the world. I will work. I will not work. Will you work? 语法结构：主语+will+动词原形 7.一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作。 常用时间状语：tomorrow, next week (day, year, term) 基本用法 will/shall表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态或表示推测。 I will be on duty tomorrow. We will know the result tomorrow. Will you be free this evening? 2. be going to 结构表示主观打算做某事或客观迹象表明即将发生某事。 I’m going to sell my old house. It’s going to rain soon. The teacher told us that we would have a dictation the next day. The teacher told us that we wouldn’t have a dictation the next day. Would you have a dictation the next day? 8.过去将来时：表示立足于过去时间看将要发生的动作。 语法结构：主语+would+动词原形 常用时间状语：the next day(week, morning…) 基本用法 1.常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句的 动作发生在主句动作之后。 He was sixty-eight and in tow years, he would be seventy. Last week he promised that he would come, but he hasn’t arrived until now. 2.过去将来时也可以用was/were going to, was/were to do, was/were about to do You were going to give me your address but you didn’t. Mr. Green was leaving for Hawaii a few hours later. We have been learning English. We had been learning English. We will be learning English. We would be learning English. 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 一般将来进行时 过去将来进行时 We will have learned English. 一般将来完成时 We would have learned English. 过去将来完成时 We will have been learning English. 一般将来完成进行时 We would have been learning English. 过去将来完成进行时 以动词learn 为例，依据语法结构，说出以下句子是什么时态 现在完成时 一般过去时的区别 I lived in Beijing in 1990.（过去时间段内发生的事情） I have lived in Beijing since 1990. （过去时间以前就已经发生的事件） 现在完成时 过去完成时的区别 I have learned English for five years so far. （到目前为止已经发生的事情） I had learned English for five years by the end of the year. （在过去某时间以前已经发生的事情） 与 与 现在完成进行时 表示现在以前一直进行的动作。 work, study, live, teach等词用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时差异不大。 I have been working here for three years.（3年来一直在工作） 现在完成时 表示现在已经完成的动作 I have written a letter. (已经写完) I have been writing a letter. （需要继续写） 现在完成时 现在完成进行时的区别 与 I have worked here for three years.（已经工作3年） ①请说出划线部分使用的是什么时态 课堂 精练 将来完成时 过去完成时（结束性动词） 过去将来时 过去完成时（延续性动词） 1.He broke his leg when he was playing in a football match against another school. 一般过去时 过去进行时 2.She will have finished the book by my next birthday. 3.They thanked us for what we had done. 4.He asked me how long I was going to stay. 5.He said the train had been away for five minutes. 6.He will call us if it is fine tomorrow. 一般将来时 一般现在时 课堂精练 1.The Greens have lived here _________. A. since 20 years B. 20 years ago D. for 20 years ago 2. --How long _______ you ______ in China? --Since 1998. B. have, gone C. will, stay D. did, stay 3. His uncle ___________ lunch at home, does he? A. hasn’t B. doesn’t D. not eat 4. When I got to the station, they __________ out all the tickets. B. have sold C. were sold D. are sold C. for 20 years A. have, been C. doesn’t have A. had sold for 20 years have been doesn’t have had sold ② 选择正确答案 课堂精练 5.Mrs Read _______ her house once a week. A. cleans B. is cleaning C. cleaned D. has cleaned 6.My new pen ____________ . I have looked for it everywhere but still _____ ________it. Has lost, don’t find B. is missing, don’t find C. Has lost, haven’t found D. is missing, haven’t found 7. The reporter said that the UFO _____________ east to west when he saw it. A. travelled B. was to travel C. had been travelling D. was travelling 8. By the time I left school, he _________abroad for two years. A. has been B. has gone C. had been D. had gone cleans is missing haven’t found was travelling had been ② 选择正确答案 常用八种时态的基本结构及用法 时态名称 用法 语法结构 例句 一般现在时 现在进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 主语（三单）do/does 表示现在时刻正在进行的动作。 表示经常发生或习惯性的动作。 主语+am(is,are)doing He works in a big company. The little boy is crying. 表示过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 主语+动词过去（V+ed） They didn’t notice the girl. 表示过去时刻 正在进行的动作。 主语+was/were doing 表示过去发生的动作 对现在造成影响。 主语（三单）+have/has done 表示过去时间以前，已经 完成的动作,即过去的过去。 主语+had +过去分词 表示将要发生的动作。 主语+shall/will do 表示立足于过去时间 看将要发生的动作。 主语+should/ would do He will come back in half an hour. He has just gone out. We were expecting you yesterday. He said he would ring me up at six. I thought I had seen him before. 总结 感谢观看 $