Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 单词笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

该高中英语必修三Unit2词汇知识清单系统梳理了单元核心词汇，涵盖词性、词义、派生词、固定搭配及语境应用等内容，构建了从基础词义认知到短语搭配再到语境例句运用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“反义对比”“同义替换”“词缀构词”等方式整合知识体系，如“moral”标注反义词“immoral”，“virtue”注明“==优点；长处（advantage）”，“scholarship”解析“scholar + -ship”构词逻辑，助力学生发展语言能力与思维品质。特别设计“高频搭配框”和“语境例句库”，如“be in a dilemma”“carry sb through sth”等实用表达，方便不同水平学生高效掌握，教师可直接用于词汇教学与应用训练，提升教学实效。

2025.3.6 必修三 unit2 单词笔记 1.moral /'mɒrəl/ adj [只用于名词前]道德（上）的 （反 immoral）；道义上的；品行端正的 morally /'mɒrəli/ adv 道德上 moral standards / questions 道德标准 / 问题 a moral person 品行端正的人 - n [C] - [用复数]道德规范 / 准则；品行：social morals 社会公德 寓意；教益：There are traditional proverbs which express a moral or a piece of advice. 有许多传统谚语含有寓意或忠告。 2. virtue /'vɜːtʃuː/ n [C] & [U][正式用语]美德；德行 ==优点；长处（advantage）One of his virtues is that he never gets angry. 3.dilemma /dɪ'lemə; daɪ'lemə/ n [C] 进退两难；窘境；困境：be in a dilemma 处于进退两难的境地 She faced a dilemma about whether to accept the invitation or not. 她陷入两难境地，不知是否接受邀请。 - moral dilemma 道德困境 4.faint /feɪnt/ adj- 眩晕的；虚弱的：I was faint with hunger. 我饿得头晕眼花。 5. illustrate /'ɪləstreɪt/ vt 给……作插图：an illustrated textbook 有插图的课本 - （用示例、图画等）说明；解释：To illustrate my point, let me tell you a little story. 为了说明我的观点 - illustration /ˌɪlə'streɪʃn/ n [U] 图解；图示 - illustrator /'ɪləstreɪtə(r)/ n [C] 插图画家 - precious /'preʃəs/ adj 宝贵的；珍贵的 precious time / memories 宝贵的时间 / 珍贵的回忆 To a person nothing is more precious than their life. 6.entrust /ɪn'trʌst/ vt [正式用语] 委托；交付 The teacher entrusted the monitor with the arrangements for the party. 7.carry sb through sth 帮某人渡过难关 The scientist had failed several times, but his determination carried him through some tough times. 8.marriage /'mærɪdʒ/ n marry + -age (名词后缀)- [C] & [U] 结婚；婚姻：a happy marriage 幸福的婚姻 The marriage based on money is bounded to break up. 9.majority /mə'dʒɒrəti/ n [常用单数] 多数；大多数（反 minority） We live in a country where women are in the majority. 在我们居住的国家里，妇女占大多数。 10.complain /kəm'pleɪn/ vi & vt [不用于被动语态] 抱怨；发牢骚 “I didn't like that meal at all,” complained the customer. complaint /kəm'pleɪnt/n 不满；投诉 In time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint to each other but understanding of each other. [C] 抱怨 / 投诉的事 I have a number of complaints about the hotel room you've given me. 我对你给我的旅馆房间有许多不满。 11.tuition /tju'ɪʃn/ n [U]- [正式用语]（尤指对个人或小组的）教学；讲授：I received private tuition in English. 我由私人教师教授英语。 12.fee /fiː/ n [C] 费用；报酬 There is no entrance fee to the gallery. 这个美术馆不收门票。school / membership fees 学费 / 会费 13.respond /rɪ'spɒnd/ vi 回答 When asked about the company's future, the director responded that he remained optimistic. - vi 响应；有反应（react） Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. response /rɪ'spɒns/ n [C] & [U] 回答；反应：- make no response to the question 没有对提问作答 - in response (to) bring / produce response 引起 / 产生反响 a positive / favorable response 积极的反应 14.scholarship /'skɒləʃɪp/ n [C] 奖学金： scholar + -ship (名词后缀) win / earn a scholarship 获得奖学金 scholar /'skɒlə(r)/ n [C] 学者；奖学金获得者：a history scholar 研究历史的学者 15.hire /'haɪə(r)/- vt (BrE)（短期）租用 ===(AmE rent) hire a car / boat 租车 / 船 （临时）雇用hire sb to do sth：I'll hire a lawyer to handle the case. 我将聘请一位律师来处理这一案件。 n [U] 租用；雇用：let out sth on hire 出租某物 cars on / for hire 供租用的汽车 16.physician /fɪ'zɪʃn/ n [C] [正式用语] 医生；内科医生：a resident physician 住院医师 17.colleague /'kɒliːɡ/ n [C] 同事；同僚 ===(workmate) 18.reject /rɪ'dʒekt/ vt 拒绝接受；不录用（反 accept） reject an argument / a claim / an offer 拒绝接受论点 / 要求 / 提议 I've been rejected by all the universities I applied to. 所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。 rejection /rɪ'dʒekʃn/ n [U] & [C] 拒绝接受；否决；嫌弃： I've applied for ten jobs, but all I've got is rejections / rejection letters. 19.appoint /ə'pɔɪnt/ vt指定；约定：Everyone was assembled /əˈsembl/in the hall at the appointed time. appointment 任命；委派：appoint sb (as) sth：Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George. 20.clinic /'klɪnɪk/ n [C] 诊所；医务室；（医院）门诊部 21.faraway /'fɑːrəweɪ/ adj [只用于名词前] 遥远的（distant）far + away 22.elect /ɪ'lekt/ vt [常用于被动语态] 选举；推选 to choose sb for an official position by voting - elect sb to sth：I’ll never forget being elected to the student council. 我永远也忘不了入选学生委员会的经历 - elect sb (as) sth：They elected Smith (as) mayor. 他们选史密斯当市长。 - election /ɪ'lekʃn/ n [C] & [U] 选举；推选：elect + -ion (名词后缀) a general election 大选 23.decade /'dekeɪd/ n [C] 十年；十年期：Over / In the last decade 在过去的十年里 24.elsewhere /ˌels'weə(r)/ adv 在别处；到别处：If the restaurant is full, we'll eat elsewhere. 如果这家餐馆客满了，我们就到别处去。 25.tend /tend/ vi - tend to / toward(s) sth 倾向于……；有……的趋势 The sort of music I listen to varies, but it tends toward light music. 我所听的音乐形形色色，不过一般都是轻音乐。 - tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会做某事 to usually do or be sth I tend to see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening. 在读或听的时候，我往往会在头脑中有画面感。 26.publish /'pʌblɪʃ/ vt 出版；发行 The company has published all of that author's works. 这家公司已经出版了那位作者的全部著作。 - vt & vi 刊登 / 发表（作品）：The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966. 1966年，他的实验结果在中国发表。 - publisher /'pʌblɪʃə(r)/ n [C] 出版商 - publishing /'pʌblɪʃɪŋ/ n [U] 出版（业） 27.staff /stɑːf/ n [C] [集体名词] 全体人员；全体职员 the teaching staff 学校的全体教师 The staff are not very happy about the latest pay increase. 员工们对最近一次的加薪不是很满意。 28.retire /rɪ'taɪə(r)/ vi & vt (使)退休；(使)引退：At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community. - retired /rɪ'taɪəd/ adj 退休的 a retired teacher 退休教师 - retirement /rɪ'taɪəmənt/ n [C] & [U] 退休 29.saving /'seɪvɪŋ/ n [C] 节约；节省物；[复数] 储蓄金；存款 a saving on energy 能源节约；open a savings account 开储蓄账户 30.kindergarten /'kɪndəɡɑːtn/ n [C] & [U] 幼稚园 31.principle /'prɪnsəpl/ n- [C] 原理；原则 the basic idea that a plan or system is based on：the basic principle 基本原理；基本原则 Excellent customer service should be our guiding principle. 优质的客户服务应该成为我们的指导原则。 - [C] & [U] 道德准则；行为准则 a moral rule or belief about what is right and wrong, that influences how you behave a man of principle 有原则的人 I refuse to lie about it; it's against my principles. 我绝不为此事撒谎，那有悖我的原则。 - [C]（机器等的）工作原理；（自然界的）定律；法则 a general or scientific law that explains how sth works or why sth happens Archimedes’ principle 阿基米德定律 These machines both work on the same principle. 这两台机器的工作原理是相同的。 32.passive /'pæsɪv/ adj- 消极的；被动的 passive smoking 吸二手烟 passively /'pæsɪvli/ adv 消极地；被动地 A bad mood is a passive reflection of outer factors in one's daily life. 坏心情是对日常生活中外在因素的消极反映。 33.scared /skeəd/ adj 对……感到惊慌的；吓坏了的====（afraid / frightened） - scary /'skeəri/ adj [非正式用语] 恐怖的；吓人的 - (be) scared of sth：She is scared of going out alone. 她害怕一个人出去。 - (be) scared to do sth：The boys were scared to cross the street. 那些男孩不敢过马路。 - (be) scared + (that) 从句：She didn't like riding because she was scared that the horse might kick her. 她不喜欢骑马因为她害怕马会踢她。 -scare/skeə(r)/vt 使恐惧；使害怕====（frighten）： 34.sharp /ʃɑːp/ - adj- 锋利的；尖的 sharp teeth 锋利的牙齿 （感官）敏锐的；（人）机灵的（反 dull / stupid） She has sharp eyes. 她目光敏锐。 a sharp child 机灵的孩子 （言辞等）尖刻的；严厉的（of a person or what they say） critical or severe She has a sharp tongue. 她说话很刻薄。 （角度、变化等）急剧的 sudden and rapid, especially of a change a sharp bend 急转弯 a sharp drop in prices 价格急剧下跌 - sharply /ʃɑːpli/ adv 急剧地；严厉地 House prices have risen sharply over the last decade. 过去十年里房价急剧上涨。 - sharpen /ʃɑːpən/ vt - 削尖；磨快：sharpen a pencil 削铅笔 - 使提高；使改进 Debates sharpen one's wits. 辩论增长才智。 - sharpener /ʃɑːpnə(r)/ n [C] 磨具；削具；铅笔刀 35.insurance /ɪn'ʃʊərəns; ɪn'ʃɔːrəns/ n [C] & [U] 保险；保证；保险金 an insurance company 保险公司 36.energetic /ˌenə'dʒetɪk/ adj 有活力的；精力旺盛的；充满活力的My father is lively and energetic, but he is not very patient. - energetically /ˌenə'dʒetɪkli/ adv 精力充沛地；积极地 37.replace /rɪ'pleɪs/ vt re- (back) + place (v 放) - 把……放回原处：Replace magazines after reading. 杂志阅读后请放回原处。 - 取代；接替；更换 Personally, I think store shopping will exist along with online shopping but will never be replaced. The students union will hold a special meeting in January to hire someone to replace the secretary. 学生会将在一月份举行一次特别会议， - replace ... with / by 用……替换 They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars. - replacement /rɪ'pleɪsmənt/ n [U] 更换；更替；[C] 替换的人 / 物 38.accident /'æksɪdənt/ n[C] 事故：avoid / meet / cause an accident 避免 / 遇到 / 造成事故 a car accident - [C] & [U] 偶然的事；意外的事 sth that happens unexpectedly and is not planned in advance： The discovery was a happy accident. 这个发现是机缘巧合。 - by accident - accidental /ˌæksɪ'dentl/ adj 意外的；偶然的 - accidentally /ˌæksɪ'dentəli/ adv 意外地；偶然地 (by mistake)：I stepped on a young man's foot accidentally. 39.operation /ˌɒpə'reɪʃn/ n. oper (work) + -ation (名词后缀) - [U] 运行；运转 You must read the operation instructions before using this machine. 在使用这台机器之前你必须阅读操作说明书。 - [C] & [U] 经营；运营：The new plant is scheduled to go / come into operation in May this year. 新工厂计划今年5月投产。 - [C] 手术：医护人员的“工作” He’s recovering from an operation on his shoulder. 他肩膀动了手术，正在恢复中。 - put ... into operation 实施；使……运转；启用：It’s time to put our plan into operation. 现在应该实施我们的计划了。 - operate /'ɒpəreɪt/ v oper ==(work) + -ate (动词后缀) - vi & vt（使）运行；（使）运转 to work or make sth work Subway trains operate 24 hours a day in New York. 纽约的地铁24小时不间断运行。 Can you explain how the machine operates? 你能解释一下这台机器是如何运转的吗？ 40.whisper /ˈwɪspər/ “私下说；密谈” It was whispered that he was leaving the company. 41.food imports from abroad从外国进口的食物 export trade出口贸易 42.pole /poʊl/ “杆；柱；竿” a ski pole滑雪杖a flag pole（旗杆） “地极；磁极；电极”the North Pole（北极） the South Pole（南极） the positive/negative pole（正 / 负极） 43.lap /læp/ 大腿腿 She sat with a book on her lap. lap top 指 “（跑道的）一圈” He overtook the other runners on the last lap.（他在最后一圈超过了其他赛跑选手。） 44.bite [baɪt]  “咬；叮；蜇”My little brother was bitten by a dog yesterday.（我弟弟昨天被狗咬了。）Mosquitoes are biting me. 表示 “（鱼）上钩；（人）上当”The fish were biting today, so we caught a lot.（今天鱼很容易上钩，所以我们捕到了很多。） Don't let him deceive you—he's just trying to make you bite.（别让他骗了你，他只是想让你上钩。） bit/bɪt/ bit·ten/ˈbɪtn/ 45..She kissed him on the lips . 46.assist [əˈsɪst]  “帮助；协助；援助” The teacher assisted the students in solving/to solve the difficult math problems. She assisted him with his research.==help sb with sth technical/economic/military assistance 技术╱经济╱军事援助 financial assistance with the assistance of 47.loss of memory childhood memories 儿时的回忆 [计算机] [C] 存储器 memory card 记忆棒 / 存储卡 flash memory 闪存 in memory of 作为对……的纪念；纪念==in honour of...... memorable /ˈmemərəbl/ adj 值得纪念的；难忘的 ===(unforgettable) memorize / memorise /ˈmeməraɪz/ vt 记住；熟记 48.chain /tʃeɪn/ n ① [C] & [U] 链子；链条；锁链： a bicycle chain / the food chain 自行车链子 / 食物链 A chain is no stronger than its weakest link. ② [C] 一系列；一连串：→事件等构成的 “链条”a chain of events / accidents / misfortunes 一连串事件 / 事故 / 灾难 a chain reaction ③ [C] 连锁店 (chain store)；连锁集团：→a supermarket chain 超市连锁店 ■ vt 用链拴住；束缚： Chain the horse to the tree. 把马拴在树上。 49.a shopping cart 购物车 50.spill /spɪl/ (spilled / spilt, spilled / spilt) vi & vt (使) 溢出；(使) 洒出 It is no use crying over spilt milk. My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. 我思如泉涌奋笔疾书。 51.One woman tripped over the stone 其中一个女人被石头绊倒 52.tear¹ /tɪə(r)/ n [C] [常用复数] 眼泪；泪水： burst into tears 突然哭了。 She broke down in tears when she heard the bad news. 听到这个坏消息，她崩溃大哭。 tear² /teə(r)/ (tore, torn) v① vt & vi 扯 (破)；(被) 撕开；(被) 撕碎：tear the letter into / to pieces 把信撕成碎片 ② vt 撕掉：When we tear one page from the calendar, it means our life has been shortened by one day. He tore his clothes off and dived into the lake. He tore up the letter as soon as he had read it. 53.harm /hɑːm/ n [U] 伤害；损害；危害： He may not be able to help but there’s no harm in asking him. 但是问他一下倒也无妨。 cause harm to / cause ... harm 对……造成损害 do harm to 伤害；对……有害： Too much drinking will do great harm to you. / Too much drinking will do you great harm. 饮酒过量危害甚大。 ■ vt 伤害；损害：Don’t harm your eyes by reading in a poor light. 不要在微弱的灯光下看书，以免伤害眼睛。 harmless /ˈhɑːmləs/ adj 无害的 反 harmful 54.a basketball / tennis court 篮球 / 网球场 55.flexible /ˈfleksəbl/ adj 反 inflexible ① 易弯曲的；有弹性的 Rubber is a flexible substance. 橡胶是一种有弹性的物质。Dancers need to be flexible. 舞者要有柔韧性。 ② 可变通的；灵活的 able to change to suit any new situation：→ 头脑、计划等“可弯曲的” a flexible schedule 灵活的计划 When asked about their work schedules, many people preferred more flexible work / working hours. 许多人更喜欢弹性工作时间。 Good job candidates must show a flexible approach to problems. 灵活处理问题的能力。 flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ n [U] 柔韧性；灵活性 56.income /ˈɪnkʌm, ˈɪnkəm/ n [C] & [U] 收入；收益 high- / low-income families 高 / 低收入家庭 57.per /pə(r), pɜː(r)/ prep 每；每一 70 miles per hour 每小时70英里 58.therefore /ˈðeəfɔː(r)/ adv [正式用语] [置于句首、句中] 因此；所以（===thus） I think, therefore I am. 我思故我在。 A fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. 鱼是冷血动物，因此对水温非常敏感。tension 59.tension /ˈtenʃ(ə)n/ ① [U] 拉伸；张力；绷紧程度The sudden tension on the line told me (that) I had hooked a fish. 线突然绷紧， ② [U]（情绪上）紧张；烦躁：Relax. Ease / Relieve tension by doing exercise. 放松！做运动来放松紧张的神经。 ③ [C] & [U]（局势、关系或状况）紧张：→ 被“拉紧”的关系international tension 国际紧张局势 tensions between doctors and patients 医患之间的紧张关系 tense¹ /tens/ adj①（身体部位）绷紧的：relax tense muscles 放松紧张的肌肉 ②（神经）紧张的；担心的 When exposed to noise and strong light, I feel tense and restless. 一听到噪音或见到强光我就紧张不安。 ③（形势、事件）令人紧张的 a tense political situation 紧张的政治局 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $