Unit 4 Looking good,feeling good Grammar and usage 课件-2024-2025学年高一上学期英语译林版必修第一册

该高中英语课件聚焦定语从句中关系副词的选择，先复习定语从句、先行词及关系词作用，再通过睡眠问题语篇让学生找限制性定语从句，搭建从关系代词到关系副词的学习支架，梳理知识脉络。 其亮点是语境化任务链设计，如语篇分析找从句、对比总结“介词+which”替换规则、结合世界睡眠日写作，提升语言能力与思维品质，策略指导助学生掌握方法，教师可用任务和练习提升教学效率。

Unit 4 Grammar and usage Restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs 定语从句之关系副词的选择 Review 定语从句： 先行词： 关系词的作用： ①指代前面的先行词（替代作用） ②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用） ③在定语从句中充当句子成分 修饰名词或代词的句子，常译为“......的” 被修饰名词或代词 关系词的分类： ①关系代词（ 在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语，表语的成分） ②关系副词 （ 在从句中充当状语的成分） 关系代词：在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语，表语的成分 关系代词在从句中充当的成分 主语 宾语 定语 （所有格) 先行词:人 先行词:物 who/ that which/that who/whom/ that/不填 which/ that/不填 whose 表语 Sihong is no longer the city that it was ten years ago. 一、关系副词引导的定语从句 当先行词在定语从句中作状语时（从句中主谓宾，主系表全，不缺成分），通常要用关系副词where、 when、 why引导定语从句 Task 1 Read the article and complete the following mind map. Sleep problems danger to teenagers Symptoms being able to fall asleep ________in the middle of the night getting not __________ Consequences feeling tired and having trouble_________ having poor memory, being ________ and suffering a heart attack Causes ________from school or work noise pollution and __________ Body development _____________ Health ________ waking up enough sleep pressure light pollution concentrating overweight slows down suffers Task 2 Find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you. One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work. They are still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster. Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down, and their health suffers. Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest? Rules We have relative adverbs: _______, _______ and _______. The relative adverb where refers to ________, the relative adverb when refers to ________, and the relative adverb why refers to ________. where when why place time reason Task 3 Compare the two sentences to summarize the rules. The school where he once studied is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late. Do you remember the day when you joined our club? Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Rules In more formal English, the relative adverbs where, when and why can be replaced by “preposition + _________” which 关系副词：在从句中充当状语的成分 关系代词在从句中充当状语成分 副词的选择 替换 先行词:时间 先行词:地点 先行词:原因 reason when where why 介词+which for which 1．关系副词when when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。有时when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。 There used to be a time when(＝during which) I was under a lot of pressure. 曾有一段时间我压力很大。 I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I played the piano for the first time. 我永远不会忘记我第一次弹钢琴的那一天。 2．关系副词where where引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。有时where＝in/at/on...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。 They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers. 他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。 The office where(＝at which) the guy works is not far from here. 这个小伙子工作的办公室离这里不远。 [疑难点津]　有一些先行词，如situation（情形）、case（情况,病例，案例）、position（位置）、point（关键点/时刻） ,occasion（场合），letter, circumstance（环境）等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺地点状语，需用where引导。 ①They are in such a situation where everything is out of order. 他们处于一种什么都没有秩序的境地。 ②The police are looking into the case where two VIPs were killed. 警方正在调查两名贵宾被杀的案件 ③Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales.销售总监这个职位，沟通能力和销售能力同样重要。 ④We reached a point where we had to make a decision. 我们到了必须做决定的时刻。 ⑤ The circumstances under which he left were unclear. 他离开时的环境不明确。 ⑥He wrote a letter where he explained what happened in the accident. 他写了一封信，在信中解释了事故中发生的事。 ⑦They were some occasions where we have to tell some white lies. 有些时候我们不得不讲些虚情假意的话 3．关系副词why,先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。 ◆This is the reason why (=for which) he was late. 这就是他迟到的原因 ◆The reason why he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard. 他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。 二、选择“关系代词”还是“关系副词”？ 一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，应用关系代词that或which；如果缺少状语，应用关系副词when, where或why。 ①This is the house we visited the famous writer last year. ②The house we visited last year is over 500 years old. where that/which/× ③Do you remember the days __________ affected us a lot? __________ we spent together? ____________ we stayed/worked together? which/that which/that in which/when ④Do you remember the farm __________ was built twenty years ago ? __________ we visited together? ______________ we stayed together? which/that which/that on which/where ⑤ Do you believe the reason caused his sickness? ___ he gave to us yesterday? _____________ he did not come to school yesterday? which/that which/that for which/why 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 在正式场合，关系副词when, where, why可以用“介词＋关系代词”替代。为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前。 e.g. 书本 P100 例句 1. 有些固定搭配“动词＋介词”短语如look for、 look after、 call on等，如果介词提前将会失去动词短语的意义，所以不可以把介词置于关系代词前。 ◆Is this the book which she was looking for? 这就是她在找的那本书吗？ ◆The babies whom the nurses are looking after are healthy. 护士们照看的婴儿都很健康。 2．“名词/数词/代词等＋of＋关系代词”结构, 表示部分、整体、数量等概念。 ◆The river，the banks of which are covered with trees, flows to the sea. 这条河流入大海，河两岸都是树。 ◆The old woman has two sons，both of whom are doctors. 这位老太太有两个儿子，他们都是医生。 ◆The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中80%销往国外。 2. I miss those days. 　　技巧 ： ①找出两个简单句的共有成分； 　　 ②将从句中的共有成分去掉； 　　 ③用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后． 1. The reason why/for which I did not perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep. 2. I miss those days when / in which I used to sleep really well. 3. The hospital where / in which I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home. 4. I still remember that afternoon when / on which I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop. Activity 2: Complete the passage with correct relative pronouns, relative adverbs or “preposition + which” where necessary. Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep (1) ____________we get is important to us. How can we get a better night’s sleep? Here are some tips for you. Tip 1: Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. This helps set the body’s “clock”. Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too, even though weekends are probably the time (2) _______________ you feel like a lie-in. Tip 2: Make your bedroom a place (3) ________________ you feel comfortable.Your bedroom needs to be cool, dark and quiet so you can sleep soundly. Tip 3: Avoid drinks(4) ___________ may keep you from sleeping, such as coffee and tea. Tip 4: Clear your head of stress and worry from your day before bedtime. These negative thoughts are one reason (5) ______________ you stay awake after the light goes off. 技巧：1. 确定定语从句 2.看先行词是指人还是指物(时间，地点，原因) 3. 确定先行词在定语从句中做什么成分 4. 确定关系代词/副词 Now let’s check the answers. Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep (1) ____________we get is important to us. How can we get a better night’s sleep? Here are some tips for you. Tip 1: Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. This helps set the body’s “clock”. Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too, even though weekends are probably the time (2) _______________ you feel like a lie-in. Tip 2: Make your bedroom a place (3) ________________ you feel comfortable.Your bedroom needs to be cool, dark and quiet so you can sleep soundly. Tip 3: Avoid drinks(4) ___________ may keep you from sleeping, such as coffee and tea. Tip 4: Clear your head of stress and worry from your day before bedtime. These negative thoughts are one reason (5) ______________ you stay awake after the light goes off. (which/that) when / at which where / in which which/that why / for which P76 where (that/which) why (who/whom/that) when that/which (that/which) which when (that/which) whose where Activity 3: Read the information below about World Sleep Day. Then write a short paragraph using restrictive relative clauses where necessary. The beginning has been written for you. In a society where people are under a lot of pressure, sleep problems have become very common.... A Sample In a society where people are under a lot of pressure, sleep problems have become very common. That is the reason why World Sleep Day is celebrated every year on the Friday of the second full week of March. Its aims are to make people understand the importance of good and healthy sleep and to draw society’s attention to sleep problems. It is a time when people have discussions and give talks about the importance of healthy sleep. Thank you! $