Unit 4 Inventions核心单词,词性转换,短语,语法,句型精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册单元知识点练习（沪教版2024）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 Inventions 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 单元知识点默写 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.central adj.→center/centre n. 中心；中央；v. 集中；把…… 放在中部 2.attach v.→attachment n. 附件；依恋；连接 3.international adj.→internationally adv. 国际性地；在国际上 4.technique n.→technical adj. 技术的；专业的；→technician n. 技术员；技师 5.depend v.→dependent adj. 依靠的；依赖的；→independent adj. 自主的 →dependable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 6.doubt v./n.→doubtful adj. 怀疑的；不确定的；→undoubtedly adv. 无疑；必定 7.personally adv.→personal adj. 个人的；私人的；→person n. 人 8.prediction n.→predict v. 预言；预测 9.statement n.→state v. 陈述；说明；n. 状态；国家 10.benefit n./v.→beneficial adj. 有益的；有利的 11.distance n.→distant adj. 遥远的；远处的 12.avoid v.→avoidance n. 避免；回避； →avoidable adj. 可避免的 13.type n./v.→typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的； →typist n. 打字员；→typing n. 打字 14.mixture n.→mix v. 混合；搅拌；n. 混合；结合 15.press v./n.→pressure n. 压力；压迫 单元知识点习题训练 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．The store sells all (type) of books, from novels to textbooks. 【答案】types 【详解】句意：这家商店出售各种类型的书籍，从小说到教科书。由all可知用type的复数形式types。故填types。 2．We saw a (fly) bird in the blue sky. 【答案】flying 【详解】句意：我们看到蓝天上有一只飞行的鸟。根据“bird”可知，此处需要用现在分词flying作定语修饰名词bird，故填flying。 3．The (arrive) of the new students made the school livelier. 【答案】arrival 【详解】句意：新生的到来使学校更加有生机。根据The和of可知，此处需要用名词作主语。arrive的名词是arrival“到达”，故填arrival。 4． (sudden), the lights went out and it was dark in the room. 【答案】Suddenly 【详解】句意：突然，灯灭了，房间里漆黑。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用副词来修饰整个句子，表示“突然地”。句首单词首字母大写。故填Suddenly。 5．Thomas Edison was a famous (invent) who created the incandescent light bulb. 【答案】inventor 【详解】句意：托马斯·爱迪生是一位著名的发明家，他发明了电炽灯。此空前有不定冠词，因此应该填写名词，爱迪生是一位发明家。invent“发明”，动词，变为名词inventor“发明家”。故填inventor。 6．Boys and girls, let’s start (clean) up the classroom! 【答案】cleaning/to clean 【详解】句意：孩子们，让我们开始打扫教室吧！固定搭配start doing/to do sth表示“开始做某事”，故填cleaning/to clean。 7．After a short break, he continued (do) his homework. 【答案】doing/to do 【详解】句意：短暂休息后，他继续做作业。固定搭配continue doing/to do sth表示“继续做某事”。故填doing/to do。 8．The (centre) park is a popular place for people to relax. 【答案】central 【详解】句意：中央公园是人们休闲放松的好去处。此处需要用形容词作定语来修饰名词park，central是形容词，表示“中心的”。故填central。 9．Our school has many (international) students from different countries. 【答案】international 【详解】句意：我们学校有很多来自不同国家的国际学生。此处需要用形容词作定语来修饰名词students，international表示“国际的”符合语境。故填international。 10．It is not easy for me (make) a decision. 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：对于我来说，做决定是不容易的。句型“It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”意为“做某事对于某人来说是……的”，所以空处应填to make。故填to make。 11．—Who can jump the (far) in your class, Sandy, Lucy or Kate? —Sandy. 【答案】farthest/furthest 【详解】句意：——在你们班里，谁跳得最远，桑迪、露西还是凯特？——桑迪。根据“Sandy, Lucy or Kate”可知，此处表示三个人之间的比较，所以空处应用最高级，far的最高级形式是farthest或furthest。故填farthest/furthest。 12．—The boy was the (bad) in the game in our class. —I’m sorry to hear that. 【答案】worst 【详解】句意：——这个男孩在我们班的比赛中表现最差。 ——听到这个消息我很抱歉。根据the及in our class可知，此处表达在班级范围内最差，三者及三者以上的比较需要用形容词的最高级形式，形容词bad的最高级形式是worst。故填worst。 13．We should protect the (intellectual) property of inventors. 【答案】intellectual 【详解】句意：我们应该保护发明者的知识产权。空处修饰名词“property”，填形容词作定语。intellectual“智力的”，形容词。故填intellectual。 14．Modern inventions have become an (essential) part of our lives. 【答案】essential 【详解】句意：现代发明已成为我们生活中必不可少的一部分。空处修饰名词“part”，填形容词作定语。essential“必不可少的”，形容词。故填essential。 15．Inventions often start with an idea (solve) a problem. 【答案】to solve 【详解】句意：发明常常始于解决问题的一个想法。此处用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词“an idea”，故填to solve。 16．We should encourage (create) and innovation. 【答案】creativity 【详解】句意：我们应该鼓励创造力和创新。根据“encourage”和“and innovation”可知，横线处需填名词，与innovation构成并列关系，create“创造”，动词，其名词形式为creativity，意为“创造力”。故填creativity。 17．The telephone allows people to talk over long (distant). 【答案】distances 【详解】句意：电话允许人们远距离通话。根据“long”可知，横线处需填名词，distant“遥远的”，形容词，其名词形式为distance，表示“距离”时为可数名词，此处需用复数形式表泛指。故填distances。 18．The manager of the hotel will lead you to your room . (person) 【答案】personally 【详解】句意：酒店经理将亲自带您到您的房间。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰动词lead；person人，名词，其副词为personally“亲自地”。故填personally。 19．You should not go out in the (hot) of the day. 【答案】heat 【详解】句意：你不应该在一天中最热的时候外出。根据空前的定冠词“the”可知此处需填名词，hot是形容词，意为“炎热的”，其名词形式是heat，意为“热；炎热天气”，符合语境。故填heat。 20．Add the eggs to the (mix) and beat well. 【答案】mixture 【详解】句意：把鸡蛋加入混合物中，然后充分搅拌。mix混合，是一个动词。由空前的定冠词“the”可知，该空应用名词形式mixture，意为“混合物”，符合语境。故填mixture。 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 21．We’d better get more (气球) for the coming party. 【答案】balloons 【详解】句意：我们最好为即将到来的聚会准备更多的气球。balloon“气球”，可数名词，由more可知空处应填入复数形式。故填balloons。 22．The World Cup is an (国际的) football competition (比赛) that takes place every four years. 【答案】international 【详解】句意：世界杯是每四年举行一次的国际足球比赛。空前有不定冠词an，且空处为形容词形式。international作形容词，意为“国际的”。故填international。 23．That won’t be difficult. It’s on (轮子). 【答案】wheels 【详解】句意：这并不难。它有轮子。根据“That won’t be difficult. It’s on...”和汉语提示可知，那并不难因为有轮子；wheel“轮子”，可数名词，空格前没有限定词，应用复数形式表泛指。故填wheels。 24．During the COVID­-19 pandemic, all of us don’t go (任何地方). 【答案】anywhere 【详解】句意：在新冠肺炎疫情期间，我们所有人哪儿也不去。anywhere“任何地方”，常用于否定句或疑问句。故填anywhere。 25． (拉) the rope, and the kite will come back to you. 【答案】Pull 【详解】句意：拉一下绳子，风筝就会回到你身边。“拉”的英文表达是pull，动词。此处是祈使句的肯定形式，所以空格处应使用动词原形，句首首字母p要大写。故填Pull。 26． (尽管) the boy is very young, he can learn everything quickly. 【答案】Though/Although 【详解】句意：尽管这男孩很小，但他学什么都很快。表达“尽管”用though或者although，引导让步状语从句，且位于句首首字母大写。故填Though/Although。 27．We should be careful enough to (避免) making the same mistakes (错误). 【答案】avoid 【详解】句意：我们应该足够小心，避免犯同样的错误。根据汉语提示“避免”可知，其对应的英文表达是avoid。动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填avoid。 28．Lang Lang (按) the piano keys and beautiful music came to our ears. 【答案】pressed 【详解】句意：郎朗一按钢琴键，美妙的音乐就传了进来。句子缺少谓语动词，press按压，动词；由其后动词“came”可知是一般过去时。故填pressed。 29．Tom hardly ever (依靠) on others, because he is afraid of getting them into trouble. 【答案】depends 【详解】句意：汤姆几乎从不依赖别人，因为他害怕给他们惹麻烦。根据中文提示，depend“依靠”符合语境，该句陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语是“Tom”，动词填三单形式。故填depends。 30．They are walking along the (小路). 【答案】path 【详解】句意：他们正沿着小路走着。小路：path，此处用名词单数。故填path。 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) 31．我们认为他会变成一个顶级运动员。 We think he will a top player. 【答案】 turn into 【详解】turn into“变成”，动词短语，空前是will，空处填动词原形。故填turn；into。 32．骑自行车是很好的运动。此外，它不污染空气。 Bicycling is good exercise. Besides, it does not . 【答案】 pollute the air 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处考查“污染空气”，pollute意为“污染”，the air意为“空气”，does后跟动词原形。故填pollute；the；air。 33．这个机器人不像那个机器人那么便宜。 This robot is that one. 【答案】 not as/so cheap as 【详解】中英文对照，缺少“不像……一样便宜”的英文表达；not so/as...as“不像……一样”；cheap“便宜”，用形容词原形。故填not；so/as；cheap；as。 34．陆地上有很多不同种类的植物。 There are many different kinds of plants . 【答案】 on land 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，on land“在陆地上”，on意为“在……之上”，land“陆地”，名词，作宾语。故填on；land。 35．我将在一小时内完成我的作业。 I will finish my homework . 【答案】 within an/one hour 【详解】在一小时内：within an/one hour，时间状语短语。故填within；an/one；hour。 36．他们同时到达了公园。 They arrived at the park . 【答案】 at the same time 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少了“同时”，英文表达为at the same time，介词短语作状语。故填at；the；same；time。 37．他为考试努力学习，结果他取得了好成绩。 He studied hard for the exam, and , he got a good grade. 【答案】 as a result 【详解】根据中英文对照，缺少“结果”，对应短语为as a result。故填as；a；result。 38．我们需要大量的水来浇灌植物。 We need water to water the plants. 【答案】 a large amount of 【详解】a large amount of“大量”，形容词短语。故填a；large；amount；of。 39．有很多保持健康的方法，例如做运动和健康饮食。 many ways to keep healthy, , doing exercise and eating healthily. 【答案】 There are for instance/example 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“有”和“例如”的英文。本句需“There be”句型，表示“有，存在”，many ways为名词复数形式，be动词用are。for example/for instance均意为“例如”，固定短语。故填There；are；for；instance/example。 40．我决定明天早起学习英语。 I early tomorrow to study English. 【答案】 decide to get up 【详解】根据语境可知，此句用一般现在时；由汉语提示可知，此处缺少“决定早起”，决定做某事“decide to do”；早起“get up early”。故填decide；to；get；up。 四、短文填空(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 When we become old, we may forget many things from the past. But music will probably stay 1 us all our life, said Scientific American magazine. Sarah Sauve, an expert in the UK, did a new study on this. She 2 (invite) 121 people to join. They were between 18 3 86 years old. Sauve first asked them to listen to three musical phrases. Then, she told them 4 (watch) a concert. They needed to make a note when they heard the familiar (熟悉的) phrases. To 5 (she) surprise, the older people were just as good at recognizing (辨认) the phrases as the 6 (young) ones were. This shows that our musical memory (记忆) stays the same as we grow old. 7 (science) may use this to treat (治疗) illnesses that do bad to people’s memory. Music may help them remember things. Why can we remember music no matter 8 old we are? When we listen to music, the amygdala (杏仁核) in our brain will become fresh again. This makes our brain 9 (think) that music is something important. Other 10 (part) of the brain also work together to keep this “important” information. So our memory of music can last for a long time. 【答案】 1．with 2．invited 3．and 4．to watch 5．her 6．younger 7．Scientists 8．how 9．think 10．parts 【导语】本文主要介绍了一个研究结果——关于音乐的记忆不会随着年龄的增加而改变。 1．句意：但《科学美国人》杂志称，音乐可能会伴随我们一生。根据“But music will probably stay…us all our life”可知，此处表示伴随，介词with符合题意。故填with。 2．句意：她邀请了121人加入。根据“Sarah Sauve, an expert in the UK, did a new study on this”可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，为一般过去时，动词填过去式。故填invited。 3．句意：他们的年龄在18岁到86岁之间。根据“between 18…86 years old.”可知，此处考查“between…and”，表示在“两者之间”，固定用法，故填and。 4．句意：然后，她让他们去看一场音乐会。根据“Then, she told them”可知，tell sb to do sth“告诉某人做某事”，因此填不定式。故填to watch。 5．句意：令她惊讶的是，老年人和年轻人一样善于识别这些音乐片段。to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”，因此填形容词性物主代词her“她的”。故填her。 6．句意：令她惊讶的是，老年人和年轻人一样善于识别这些音乐片段。根据“the older people”可知，此处说的是年轻人，用比较级形式“younger”表示“更年轻的”。故填younger。 7．句意：科学家们可能会用它来治疗对人们的记忆造成伤害的疾病。根据“may use this to treat (治疗) illnesses”可知，此处填名词，scientist“科学家”，此处填复数形式泛指类别。故填Scientists。 8．句意：为什么我们无论多大年纪都能记住音乐？根据“old we are”可知，此处是说多大年纪，how old“多大”。故填how。 9．句意：这让我们的大脑认为音乐很重要。根据“This makes our brain…”可知，考查使役动词make的用法，因此填动词原形。故填think。 10．句意：大脑的其他部分也一起工作来保存这些“重要”信息。other后接可数名词复数，故填parts。 阅读下面短文，然后在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Bi Sheng was born in the Song Dynasty. He lived in a small village which lies in Huanggang today. He invented the printing around 600 AD．He was the world’s first 1 (invent) of the printing. It is about 400 years 2 (early) than the printing in Germany. The printing is also called the movable type printing. But how 3 (do) it work in the past? First of all, the clay was made into movable types. Then words were engraved (雕刻) carefully onto the types. 4 that, the words were chosen and put in right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types. Finally, the types could be used 5 printing. They could be used again and again for different 6 (book). The movable type printing plays 7 important role in Chinese culture. With the help of it, Chinese culture spread around the world more 8 (quick). At the same time, the movable type printing was widely used in the world in the 9 (fifteen) century . As a result, more and more culture communication among countries took place. The movable type printing, the compass (指南针), gun powder and paper-making are called four great inventions of China. 10 (them) make China own an important and even top position (位置) in the history of human civilization. 【答案】 1．inventor 2．earlier 3．did 4．After 5．for 6．books 7．an 8．quickly 9．fifteenth 10．They 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了活字印刷术的发明 1．句意：他是世界上第一个印刷术的发明者。根据“He was the world’s first … (invent) of the printing.”可知，此处是指“发明者”。故填 inventor。 2．句意：这比德国的印刷术早了大约400年。结合空后的than可知，此处填形容词比较级earlier。故填earlier。 3．句意：但是它过去是如何工作的？根据“But how … (do) it work in the past? ”可知，该句为一般过去时，疑问句在主语前加助动词did。故填did。 4．句意：在那之后，根据文章的内容，字会被选择放进正确的顺序。根据“…that, the words were chosen and put in right order in a box according to the text.”可知，此处是指在字被雕刻成不同的活字“之后”发生的事情，after意为“在……之后”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填After。 5．句意：最后，这些活字可以被用来打印。be used for表示“被用来……”。故填for。 6．句意：这些活字可以一次次被用在不同的书籍中。different修饰后用其复数形式。故填 books。 7．句意：活字印刷在中国文化中起着重要的作用。play an important role in表示“在……中起重要作用”。故填an。 8．。句意：在它的帮助下，中国文化在世界范围内更加快速地传播开来。根据“Chinese culture spread around the world more … (quick).”可知，此处是指中国文化“快速地”传播，用副词quickly修饰动词spread。故填quickly。 9．句意：与此同时，在十五世纪，活字印刷术在世界范围内被广泛使用。根据“in the … (fifteen) century .”可知，这件事情发生在第十五的世纪，此处应用fifteen的序数词。故填 fifteenth。 10．句意：它们让中国在人类文明的历史上拥有一个重要甚至顶尖的地位。此处空格在句中作主语，指代前文的中国四大发明，应用主格形式。故填They。 $ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 Inventions 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 单元知识点默写 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.central adj.→___________n. 中心；中央；v. 集中；把…… 放在中部 2.attach v.→______________ n. 附件；依恋；连接 3.international adj.→______________ adv. 国际性地；在国际上 4.technique n.→____________ adj. 技术的；专业的；→________________ n. 技术员；技师 5.depend v.→____________ adj. 依靠的；依赖的；→________________ adj. 自主的 →______________ adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 6.doubt v./n.→__________ adj. 怀疑的；不确定的；→undoubtedly adv. 无疑；必定 7.personally adv.→__________ adj. 个人的；私人的；→____________ n. 人 8.prediction n.→____________v. 预言；预测 9.statement n.→___________v. 陈述；说明；n. 状态；国家 10.benefit n./v.→__________ adj. 有益的；有利的 11.distance n.→__________ adj. 遥远的；远处的 12.avoid v.→__________ n. 避免；回避； →__________ adj. 可避免的 13.type n./v.→__________adj. 典型的；有代表性的； →__________ n. 打字员；→__________n. 打字 14.mixture n.→_____________ v. 混合；搅拌；n. 混合；结合 15.press v./n.→________________ n. 压力；压迫 单元知识点习题训练 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．The store sells all (type) of books, from novels to textbooks. 2．We saw a (fly) bird in the blue sky. 3．The (arrive) of the new students made the school livelier. 4． (sudden), the lights went out and it was dark in the room. 5．Thomas Edison was a famous (invent) who created the incandescent light bulb. 6．Boys and girls, let’s start (clean) up the classroom! 7．After a short break, he continued (do) his homework. 8．The (centre) park is a popular place for people to relax. 9．Our school has many (international) students from different countries. 10．It is not easy for me (make) a decision. 11．—Who can jump the (far) in your class, Sandy, Lucy or Kate? —Sandy. 12．—The boy was the (bad) in the game in our class. —I’m sorry to hear that. 13．We should protect the (intellectual) property of inventors. 14．Modern inventions have become an (essential) part of our lives. 15．Inventions often start with an idea (solve) a problem. 16．We should encourage (create) and innovation. 17．The telephone allows people to talk over long (distant). 18．The manager of the hotel will lead you to your room . (person) 19．You should not go out in the (hot) of the day. 20．Add the eggs to the (mix) and beat well. 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 21．We’d better get more (气球) for the coming party. 22．The World Cup is an (国际的) football competition (比赛) that takes place every four years. 23．That won’t be difficult. It’s on (轮子). 24．During the COVID­-19 pandemic, all of us don’t go (任何地方). 25． (拉) the rope, and the kite will come back to you. 26． (尽管) the boy is very young, he can learn everything quickly. 27．We should be careful enough to (避免) making the same mistakes (错误). 28．Lang Lang (按) the piano keys and beautiful music came to our ears. 29．Tom hardly ever (依靠) on others, because he is afraid of getting them into trouble. 30．They are walking along the (小路). 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) 31．我们认为他会变成一个顶级运动员。 We think he will a top player. 32．骑自行车是很好的运动。此外，它不污染空气。 Bicycling is good exercise. Besides, it does not . 33．这个机器人不像那个机器人那么便宜。 This robot is that one. 34．陆地上有很多不同种类的植物。 There are many different kinds of plants . 35．我将在一小时内完成我的作业。 I will finish my homework . 36．他们同时到达了公园。 They arrived at the park . 37．他为考试努力学习，结果他取得了好成绩。 He studied hard for the exam, and , he got a good grade. 38．我们需要大量的水来浇灌植物。 We need water to water the plants. 39．有很多保持健康的方法，例如做运动和健康饮食。 many ways to keep healthy, , doing exercise and eating healthily. 40．我决定明天早起学习英语。 I early tomorrow to study English. 四、短文填空(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 When we become old, we may forget many things from the past. But music will probably stay 1 us all our life, said Scientific American magazine. Sarah Sauve, an expert in the UK, did a new study on this. She 2 (invite) 121 people to join. They were between 18 3 86 years old. Sauve first asked them to listen to three musical phrases. Then, she told them 4 (watch) a concert. They needed to make a note when they heard the familiar (熟悉的) phrases. To 5 (she) surprise, the older people were just as good at recognizing (辨认) the phrases as the 6 (young) ones were. This shows that our musical memory (记忆) stays the same as we grow old. 7 (science) may use this to treat (治疗) illnesses that do bad to people’s memory. Music may help them remember things. Why can we remember music no matter 8 old we are? When we listen to music, the amygdala (杏仁核) in our brain will become fresh again. This makes our brain 9 (think) that music is something important. Other 10 (part) of the brain also work together to keep this “important” information. So our memory of music can last for a long time. 阅读下面短文，然后在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Bi Sheng was born in the Song Dynasty. He lived in a small village which lies in Huanggang today. He invented the printing around 600 AD．He was the world’s first 1 (invent) of the printing. It is about 400 years 2 (early) than the printing in Germany. The printing is also called the movable type printing. But how 3 (do) it work in the past? First of all, the clay was made into movable types. Then words were engraved (雕刻) carefully onto the types. 4 that, the words were chosen and put in right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types. Finally, the types could be used 5 printing. They could be used again and again for different 6 (book). The movable type printing plays 7 important role in Chinese culture. With the help of it, Chinese culture spread around the world more 8 (quick). At the same time, the movable type printing was widely used in the world in the 9 (fifteen) century . As a result, more and more culture communication among countries took place. The movable type printing, the compass (指南针), gun powder and paper-making are called four great inventions of China. 10 (them) make China own an important and even top position (位置) in the history of human civilization. $