Unit 4 Rules are rules.词汇拓展短语（一） 清单 -2024-2025学年高中英语冀教版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语知识清单聚焦冀教版选必4 Unit 4“Rules are rules”主题，系统梳理52组核心短语及句型。以“规则与社会规范”为主线，从基础词汇拓展（如subjective judgment, national constitution）到语境化短语应用（如behave properly in public, defend liberty），构建从词汇理解到语用表达的学习支架。 知识链路按“基础词汇—主题短语—语境应用”逻辑分层，涵盖法律、行为规范、社会问题等子话题。每个短语附中英对照例句，通过真实情境（如校园欺凌、烟草管控）强化语言能力，同时渗透规则意识与社会责任，助力思维品质与文化意识的协同培养。

冀教版 选必4 Unit 4 Rules are rules.词汇拓展短语（一） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句（中英对照） 1 subjective judgment 主观判断 We should avoid making decisions based only on subjective judgment; we need facts too.（我们应避免只凭主观判断做决定，还需要事实依据。） 2 subjective opinion 主观意见 Everyone has the right to express their subjective opinion, but we should respect others’ views.（每个人都有表达主观意见的权利，但要尊重他人的看法。） 3 subjective evaluation 主观评价 The teacher’s subjective evaluation of students should be combined with objective test scores.（老师对学生的主观评价应结合客观考试成绩。） 4 national constitution 国家宪法 Every citizen has the duty to abide by the national constitution of their country.（每个公民都有遵守国家宪法的义务。） 5 company constitution 公司章程 The company constitution clearly states the rights and obligations of employees.（公司章程明确规定了员工的权利和义务。） 6 constitution principles 宪法原则 Equality and freedom are important constitution principles in many countries.（平等与自由是许多国家重要的宪法原则。） 7 personal liberty 个人自由 Personal liberty does not mean doing whatever we want; it should be within the law.（个人自由不是随心所欲，而应在法律范围内。） 8 liberty of speech 言论自由 Liberty of speech allows people to express reasonable views, but not harmful rumors.（言论自由允许人们表达合理观点，但不包括有害谣言。） 9 defend liberty 捍卫自由 Many heroes in history fought bravely to defend the liberty of their people.（历史上许多英雄勇敢战斗，捍卫人民的自由。） 10 behave well 表现良好 The teacher praised the students for behaving well during the school trip.（老师表扬学生们在校园旅行中表现良好。） 11 behave properly in public 在公共场合举止得体 It’s important to teach children to behave properly in public places like restaurants.（教孩子在餐厅等公共场所举止得体很重要。） 12 behave towards others 对待他人的表现 We should behave politely towards others, no matter their age or background.（无论他人年龄或背景如何，我们都应礼貌对待。） 13 consistent with sth 与某物一致 His actions are always consistent with his words, so everyone trusts him.（他言行一致，所以大家都信任他。） 14 consistent policy 一贯的政策 The government has maintained a consistent policy to protect the environment.（政府在环境保护方面一直推行一贯的政策。） 15 consistent performance 稳定的表现 The athlete’s consistent performance helped his team win the championship.（运动员稳定的表现帮助他的团队赢得了冠军。） 16 do harm to sb/sth 对某人/某物造成伤害 Smoking does great harm to our lungs and other organs.（吸烟对我们的肺部和其他器官造成很大伤害。） 17 serious harm 严重伤害 Drunk driving may cause serious harm to both the driver and pedestrians.（酒驾可能对司机和行人都造成严重伤害。） 18 avoid harm 避免伤害 Wearing a seatbelt when driving is an effective way to avoid harm in accidents.（开车系安全带是事故中避免伤害的有效方法。） 19 commit a crime 犯罪 Anyone who commits a crime will be punished according to the law.（任何犯罪的人都会依法受到惩罚。） 20 violent crime 暴力犯罪 The police have taken strict measures to reduce violent crime in the city.（警方已采取严格措施减少城市中的暴力犯罪。） 21 crime rate 犯罪率 The crime rate in this area has decreased significantly due to better public security.（由于治安改善，该地区的犯罪率大幅下降。） 22 theft of property 财产盗窃 The theft of property from the shopping mall was solved by the police in two days.（商场的财产盗窃案警方两天内就破获了。） 23 commit theft 犯盗窃罪 He was sent to court because he committed theft in a convenience store.（他因在便利店犯盗窃罪被送上法庭。） 24 prevent theft 预防盗窃 Installing surveillance cameras is a common way to prevent theft in supermarkets.（安装监控摄像头是超市预防盗窃的常用方法。） 25 go to prison 入狱 Those who break the law seriously will go to prison and pay for their actions.（严重违法者会入狱，为自己的行为付出代价。） 26 prison sentence 监禁判决 The judge gave him a three-year prison sentence for his crime.（法官因他的罪行判处他三年监禁。） 27 escape from prison 越狱 Escaping from prison is a serious crime and will lead to a longer sentence.（越狱是严重的罪行，会导致更长的刑期。） 28 legal framework 法律框架 All business activities must be carried out within the legal framework.（所有商业活动都必须在法律框架内进行。） 29 policy framework 政策机制 The new policy framework will provide more support for small and medium-sized enterprises.（新的政策机制将为中小企业提供更多支持。） 30 framework of study 学习框架 Making a study plan first can help us build a clear framework of study.（先制定学习计划能帮我们建立清晰的学习框架。） 31 give a warning 发出警告 The teacher gave him a warning because he was late for class three times.（因为他上课迟到三次，老师给了他一次警告。） 32 warning sign 警示标志 We should pay attention to the warning sign near the construction site to avoid danger.（我们要注意施工现场附近的警示标志，避免危险。） 33 official warning 官方警告 The weather department issued an official warning about the coming typhoon.（气象部门针对即将到来的台风发布了官方警告。） 34 punitive measures 惩罚性措施 The school took punitive measures against students who cheated in the exam.（学校对考试作弊的学生采取了惩罚性措施。） 35 punitive damages 惩罚性赔偿 The court ordered the company to pay punitive damages for violating consumer rights.（法院判决该公司因侵犯消费者权益支付惩罚性赔偿。） 36 punitive action 惩罚性行动 The government announced punitive actions against companies that pollute the environment.（政府宣布对污染环境的公司采取惩罚性行动。） 37 absence from work 旷工 His frequent absence from work made his boss very angry.（他频繁旷工，让老板很生气。） 38 absence of evidence 缺乏证据 The case was dismissed due to the absence of evidence to prove his guilt.（由于缺乏证明他有罪的证据，此案被驳回。） 39 long-term absence 长期缺席 Her long-term absence from school affected her academic performance seriously.（她长期缺课，严重影响了学习成绩。） 40 serious injury 严重伤害 He suffered a serious injury in the car accident and had to stay in hospital for a month.（他在车祸中受了严重伤害，不得不住院一个月。） 41 injury to the leg 腿部受伤 She fell off her bike and got an injury to the leg; she can’t walk for a week.（她从自行车上摔下来，腿部受伤，一周内无法走路。） 42 treat an injury 治疗伤口 The nurse cleaned and treated the injury on his hand carefully.（护士仔细清洗并治疗了他手上的伤口。） 43 tobacco products 烟草制品 Selling tobacco products to minors is illegal in most countries.（在多数国家，向未成年人出售烟草制品是违法的。） 44 tobacco control 烟草管控 The government has strengthened tobacco control to reduce smoking-related diseases.（政府加强了烟草管控，以减少与吸烟相关的疾病。） 45 ban tobacco advertising 禁止烟草广告 Many countries have decided to ban tobacco advertising to protect public health.（许多国家决定禁止烟草广告，以保护公众健康。） 46 bully sb at school 校园欺凌某人 Teachers should stop students who bully others at school immediately.（老师应立即制止校园里欺凌他人的学生。） 47 prevent bullying 防止欺凌 The school held a meeting to discuss how to prevent bullying among students.（学校召开会议，讨论如何防止学生间的欺凌行为。） 48 bully weaker people 欺负弱者 It’s shameful to bully weaker people; we should help and respect them instead.（欺负弱者是可耻的，我们应该帮助并尊重他们。） 49 water tank 水箱 The water tank on the roof provides water for the whole building.（屋顶的水箱为整栋楼供水。） 50 fuel tank 油箱 Before going on a long trip, you should check if the fuel tank is full.（长途旅行前，你应检查油箱是否加满油。） 51 storage tank 储存罐 The factory uses a large storage tank to keep raw materials for production.（工厂用一个大储存罐存放生产用的原材料。） 52 travel agency 旅行社 We booked our summer vacation trip to Japan through a local travel agency.（我们通过当地旅行社预订了去日本的暑假旅行。） 53 advertising agency 广告公司 This brand hired a famous advertising agency to design its new product ads.（这个品牌聘请了一家知名广告公司设计新产品的广告。） 54 government agency 政府机构 You can apply for a passport at the local government agency responsible for immigration.（你可以在负责移民事务的当地政府机构申请护照。） 55 media coverage 媒体报道范围 The media coverage of the environmental problem raised public awareness.（对这个环境问题的媒体报道提高了公众意识。） 56 insurance coverage 保险覆盖范围 You should check the insurance coverage before buying a health insurance policy.（购买健康保险前，你应查看保险覆盖范围。） 57 network coverage 网络覆盖 The network coverage in this mountain village has been greatly improved this year.（这个山村的网络覆盖今年有了很大改善。） 58 arrow sign 箭头标志 Follow the arrow sign on the road; it will lead you to the train station.（跟着路上的箭头标志走，它会带你到火车站。） 59 shoot an arrow 射箭 He learned to shoot an arrow when he was a child and won a prize in a competition.（他小时候学会了射箭，还在一次比赛中获奖。） 60 arrow on the map 地图上的箭头 The red arrow on the map shows the direction we need to go.（地图上的红色箭头指示我们要走的方向。） 61 rubber eraser 橡皮 She used a rubber eraser to correct the mistake in her math homework.（她用橡皮擦掉了数学作业中的错误。） 62 rubber products 橡胶制品 Rubber products like gloves and tires are widely used in our daily life.（手套、轮胎等橡胶制品在日常生活中应用广泛。） 63 natural rubber 天然橡胶 Natural rubber is mainly produced in tropical countries like Thailand and Indonesia.（天然橡胶主要产自泰国、印度尼西亚等热带国家。） 64 be at fault 有过错 He admitted he was at fault for the argument and apologized to his friend.（他承认自己在这场争执中有过错，并向朋友道歉。） 65 fault of sb 某人的过错 It’s not the teacher’s fault; you failed the exam because you didn’t study hard.（这不是老师的过错，你考试不及格是因为没努力学习。） 66 mechanical fault 机械故障 The plane couldn’t take off on time due to a mechanical fault.（由于机械故障，飞机未能按时起飞。） 67 bend down 弯腰 She bent down to pick up the book she dropped on the floor.（她弯腰捡起掉在地上的书。） 68 bend the rules 灵活变通规则 The teacher agreed to bend the rules and let him hand in the homework the next day.（老师同意灵活变通规则，让他第二天交作业。） 69 bend with the wind 随风弯曲 Willows bend with the wind, which makes them look very gentle.（柳树随风弯曲，看起来十分柔美。） 70 proceed to do sth 继续做某事 After finishing the first part of the exam, we proceeded to do the writing task.（完成考试的第一部分后，我们继续做写作题。） 71 proceed to a place 前往某地 After checking out of the hotel, we proceeded to the train station to go home.（退房后，我们前往火车站回家。） 72 proceed with the plan 按计划进行 Despite the bad weather, we decided to proceed with the outdoor activity plan.（尽管天气不好，我们还是决定按计划进行户外活动。） 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $