Unit 6 Mountains and rivers（话题阅读精练）英语沪教版五四学制2024七年级上册

Unit 6 Mountains and rivers（话题阅读精练） 模块 语篇主题 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 山脉与河流 — 说明文 约 250 介绍山脉与河流的特征（如喜马拉雅山脉、尼罗河等）、形成及面临的污染、冰川融化等挑战，强调保护的重要性 实战演练 石笋山游玩经历 语法选择 记叙文 约 200 讲述作者夏天游玩重庆石笋山的经历，包括当地景色、特色石头、美食及愉快感受 张家界石柱状山脉 阅读理解（A） 说明文 约 250 介绍张家界石柱状山脉的形成过程，提及未来可能消失，呼吁珍惜这一自然奇观 冰川与地貌变化 阅读理解（B） 说明文 约 200 讲述冰川的形成、移动时对地貌的改变（如形成山丘、河湖），以及如今仍在塑造世界的情况 中国山水与西湖 完形填空 说明文 约 300 介绍中国的名山（泰山等）、大河（长江、黄河）及西湖，提及西湖的传说、诗词和周边龙井茶 自然景观自述 任务型阅读（A） 说明文 约 250 以河流、沙漠、海洋、森林第一人称，描述各自特征及对地球生态的作用 长江概况 任务型阅读（B） 说明文 约 150 介绍长江的长度、流经区域、重要性（供水、孕育鱼类）及沿线自然景观吸引游客的情况 维多利亚瀑布 短文填空 说明文 约 200 介绍维多利亚瀑布的地位（世界自然奇观）、尺寸、位置、壮观景色及游客参观方式 时文阅读 Mountains and Rivers Mountains and rivers are the backbone of our planet. They shape the land, provide resources, and inspire people around the world. Mountains are tall, rocky areas that rise high above the ground. Some, like the Himalayas, are home to the world’s highest peaks. They are formed by the movement of Earth’s crust over millions of years. Rivers, on the other hand, are long streams of water that flow from mountains to the sea. The Nile in Africa is the longest river, while the Amazon in South America is the widest. Rivers carry water for drinking, farming, and even generating electricity. However, mountains and rivers face challenges today. Pollution from factories and cities harms river ecosystems, and climate change is melting mountain glaciers. Protecting these natural wonders is crucial for our future. 【全文翻译】 山脉与河流是地球的脊梁。它们塑造了陆地，提供了资源，并启发着世界各地的人们。 山脉是高耸的岩石区域，如喜马拉雅山脉，拥有世界最高峰。它们由地壳运动历经数百万年形成。河流则是从山脉流向大海的长流水系。非洲的尼罗河是最长的河流，而南美洲的亚马逊河是最宽的。河流为饮用、农业甚至发电提供水源。 然而，山脉与河流如今面临挑战。 工厂和城市的污染破坏河流生态系统，气候变化正在融化山脉冰川。保护这些自然奇观对我们的未来至关重要。 【长难句分析】 1.They are formed by the movement of Earth’s crust over millions of years. 翻译：它们由地壳运动历经数百万年形成。 分析： ▪被动语态（are formed）强调动作的承受者 “山脉”。 ▪“over millions of years” 表示时间跨度，说明山脉形成的漫长过程。 2.The Nile in Africa is the longest river, while the Amazon in South America is the widest. 翻译：非洲的尼罗河是最长的河流，而南美洲的亚马逊河是最宽的。 分析： ▪比较级（longest, widest）突出两条河流的特点。 ▪“while” 连接两个并列分句，对比两者的不同。 3.Protecting these natural wonders is crucial for our future. 翻译：保护这些自然奇观对我们的未来至关重要。 分析： ▪动名词短语（Protecting these natural wonders）作主语，强调保护的重要性。 ▪“crucial” 表示 “至关重要的”，体现紧迫性。 【重难词汇梳理】 词汇 汉语翻译 词性 发音 backbone 脊梁；支柱 n. /ˈbækboʊn/ resources 资源 n. /ˈriːsɔːrsɪz/ crust 地壳 n. /krʌst/ generate 产生；发电 v. /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ ecosystem 生态系统 n. /ˈiːkoʊsɪstəm/ glacier 冰川 n. /ˈɡleɪʃər/ natural 自然的 adj. /ˈnætʃrəl/ crucial 至关重要的 adj. /ˈkruːʃl/ challenge 挑战 n. /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ pollution 污染 n. /pəˈluːʃn/ movement 运动；移动 n. /ˈmuːvmənt/ stream 溪流 n. /striːm/ electricity 电 n. /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ protect 保护 v. /prəˈtekt/ inspire 启发；激励 v. /ɪnˈspaɪr/ 实战演练 一、语法选择 Shi Sun Mountain is in the west of Chongqing. It is very beautiful. It is really a good place 1 fun. I went to Shi Sun Mountain 2 summer and we 3 lots of delicious food. The weather was cool 4 it was also humid there. I walked on the glass bridge, I 5 it was cool and it made me feel good. There 6 many different kinds of stones across from the mountain. Some were big; some were thin; some were straight; some looked like cute penguins; some looked like big mushrooms. There were two special stones: one looked like a shy girl, 7 looked like a strong man. They were very 8 . The people there were friendly and the traditional 9 was delicious, too. We ate lots of vegetables. I 10 a good time there. I love Shi Sun Mountain very much. 1．A．have B．to have C．look D．to looking 2．A．in B．at C．on D．to 3．A．eat B．eats C．had D．have 4．A．or B．and C．also D．but 5．A．am feel B．feel C．felt D．was feel 6．A．is B．are C．was D．were 7．A．other B．others C．the other D．the others 8．A．interest B．interested C．interesting D．interests 9．A．friend B．weather C．food D．animal 10．A．had B．have C．has D．am having 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文主要内容是作者介绍他游玩过的石笋山。 1．句意：这真是个好玩的好地方。 have经历，动词原形；to have经历，动词不定式；look看，动词原形；to looking看，介词+动名词。根据“It is really a good place...fun”可知，此空应填动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词“place”，have fun意为“玩得开心”，符合题意。故选B。 2．句意：夏天我去了石笋山，我们吃了很多美味的食物。 in在，后接表示年、月、季节等名词；at在，后接表示时间点的名词；on在，后接表示具体某一天的名词；to到。“summer（夏天）”是季节，其前用介词in。故选A。 3．句意：夏天我去了石笋山，我们吃了很多美味的食物。 eat吃，动词原形；eats吃，动词的第三人称单数形式；had吃，动词过去式；have吃，动词原形。and连接的是对等的成分，其前动词“went”用了过去式，那么此空也应用过去式had。故选C。 4．句意：那里的天气很凉爽，也很潮湿。 or或者；and并且；also也；but但是。根据“The weather was cool...it was also humid there.”可知，此空填连词连接两个完整的句子，结合语境，这里填and，表示并列关系。故选B。 5．句意：我走在玻璃桥上，我觉得很凉爽，这让我感觉很好。 am feel表达错误；feel动词原形；felt过去式；was feel表达错误。通读全文可知，游玩石笋山是发生在过去的事，所以此处时态应用一般过去时，此空应填过去式。故选C。 6．句意：山对面有许多不同种类的石头。 is用于主语为第三人称单数的现在时；are用于主语为第二人称单复数，第一、三人称复数的现在时；was用于主语为第一、三人称单数的过去时；were用于主语为第二人称单复数，第一、三人称复数的过去时。通读全文可知，游玩石笋山是发生在过去的事，所以此处时态应用一般过去时，此句主语“many different kinds of stones”是第三人称复数，所以此空应填be动词were。故选D。 7．句意：有两块特别的石头：一块看起来像个害羞的女孩，另一块看起来像个强壮的男人。 other其他的；others其他的，指代复数名词；the other（两者中的）另外一个；the others其他的，指代剩余的全部；根据“There were two special stones: one looked like a shy girl…looked like a strong man.”可知，石笋山有两块特别的石头，看起来像害羞的女孩的是其中一块，看起来像强壮的男人的是两块中的另一块，“the other”符合文意。故选C。 8．句意：它们非常有趣。 interest可作名词或动词；interested形容词，通常用来修饰人；interesting形容词，通常用来修饰物；interests可作名词或动词。分析成分可知，此空应填形容词作表语；根据上文可知，此处“They”指代的是各式各样的石头，所以此空应填用来修饰物的形容词interesting。故选C。 9．句意：那里的人很友好，传统食物也很美味。 friend朋友；weather天气；food食物；animal动物。根据“…the traditional...was delicious, too.”和选项可知，能用“delicious（美味的）”修饰的名词应是“food”。故选C。 10．句意：在那儿，我玩得很开心。 had动词过去式；have动词原形；has动词的第三人称单数形式；am having助动词+现在分词。通读全文可知，游玩石笋山是发生在过去的事，所以此句时态应用一般过去时，此空应填过去式。故选A。 二、阅读理解 A Do you know mountains that look like huge stone pillars (石柱)? Many people feel surprised when they first see the special mountains in Zhangjiajie. How did these mountains form? Let’s travel through time to discover their story. Long ago, Zhangjiajie was under water. Rivers brought sand to the seabed. Year after year, new sand fell on the old sand. The heavy new sand pushed (挤) the old sand together. After millions of years, the sand became hard rock. The hard rock was sandstone. Then, something amazing happened. The seabed slowly ascended and became dry land. The sandstone started breaking into big pieces. Now came nature’s artists—wind and water. Strong winds blew against the sandstone, while rainwater made small holes (洞) in the stones. Like a knife cutting cakes, rivers flowed through these holes and made them deeper. These two natural artists slowly changed the sandstone into beautiful stone pillars. But this story isn’t over. Even now, wind and rain keep making the stone pillars smaller. Scientists say that after millions more years, these stone pillars will completely disappear. So we’re ______  to see this natural wonder before it’s all gone 1．What is special about the mountains in Zhangjiajie? A．They are very high. B．They look like stone pillars. C．They are under water. D．They have many waterfalls. 2．What was Zhangjiajie like long ago? A．A dry desert. B．A big forest. C．A wide plain. D．A water world. 3．What does the underlined word “ascended” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．moved up B．broke up C．came around D．knocked around 4．Which of the following words is the most suitable for “______” in the last paragraph? A．worried B．sorry C．confident D．lucky 5．The writer writes the passage to answer ______. A．what makes the mountains disappear B．where visitors should go in Zhangjiajie C．how the stone pillar grew over the years D．why we need to look after the mountains 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了张家界特殊的石柱状山脉的形成过程，同时也指出这些石柱未来可能会消失，提醒人们珍惜这一自然奇观。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Do you know mountains that look like huge stone pillars”和“Many people feel surprised when they first see the special mountains in Zhangjiajie”可知，张家界的山像巨大的石柱。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Long ago, Zhangjiajie was under water.”可知，张家界很久以前是一个水世界。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“The seabed slowly ascended and became dry land”可知，海底慢慢“升起”变成陆地，ascended意为“上升”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scientists say that after millions more years, these stone pillars will completely disappear.”可知石柱会慢慢消失，现在我们能看到应该感到幸运，这是一种庆幸之情，选“lucky”最合适。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了这些石柱山脉是如何逐渐形成的，故选C。 B Snow fell on the mountain. It snowed and snowed. The snow did not melt (融化). It became deep and heavy. The snow on the bottom pressed (挤压) together, and it became ice. The ice was very wide and thick. It began to move down the mountain. It was like a river of ice. It was a glacier. Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches (英寸) each day. As it moved, it took rocks and dirt with it. It changed the land. In some places, it left hills. In some places, when the glacier melted, it made rivers and lakes. A million years ago, there were many big glaciers. Glaciers covered many parts of the world. The glaciers changed the land. Glaciers are still at work today. A glacier in the north of Canada is cutting a new path—down the side of a mountain. This glacier will change the land, too. The power of glaciers is truly remarkable. They shape our world, reminding (提醒) us of the forces of nature. 1．The snow fell on the mountain and ________ according to Paragraph 1. A．became snowmen B．melted C．turned to rain D．became ice 2．When the glacier melted, it made ________. A．rivers and lakes B．rocks and dirt C．hills and mountains D．paths and water 3．The passage makes us believe ________. A．the glaciers never melt B．the glaciers always moved only a few inches each day C．there were glaciers a million years ago D．the glaciers cannot change the land 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Snow is heavy. B．The high land never changes. C．Glaciers changed the land D．Each part of the world is full of ice. 5．In which part of a magazine can we read the text? A．Culture. B．Nature. C．Health. D．Sports. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是冰川的形成及冰川移动时会携带岩石和泥土改变地貌，如今冰川仍在塑造世界，展现了冰川的力量。 1．细节理解题。根据“The snow on the bottom pressed (挤压) together, and it became ice.”可知，雪在山上堆积后变成了冰，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“In some places, when the glacier melted, it made rivers and lakes.”可知，当冰川融化时，它形成了河流和湖泊。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“A million years ago, there were many big glaciers.”可知，一百万年前就有冰川，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章围绕冰川形成以及冰川如何改变地貌展开。故选C。 5．推理判断题。文章讲的是冰川这类自然事物及其对地貌的影响，属于自然范畴，故选B。 三、完形填空 China is a great country with more than 5,000 years of history. There are many places of interest. They attract millions of tourists from all over the world every year. Many mountains, such as Mount Tai, Mount Emei, Mount Hua are very famous. People like go to Mount Tai to 1 the sun rise. There are many rivers in China. The Yangtze River is the longest one and the second 2 one is the Yellow River. They are the 3 of Chinese culture because Chinese ancestors (祖先) were born in the areas. 4 the rivers in China, there are also a great number of lakes. One of the most famous lakes is the West Lake. Have you heard of the story about Xu Xian and White Snake? It is said that the story 5 on the West Lake. The West Lake is the best place that I have ever visited. It lies in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. The scenery is so attractive that visitors often lose 6 in it. The West Lake has become famous 7 not only its special scenery but some beautiful poems. The great poets Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo 8 plenty of plenty of poems. 9 the surrounding (周边) area of the West Lake is the home of the famous Dragon Well Tea. The tea is good for people’s health. Have you ever been to the West Lake? If not, look for a 10 to go to the fantastic place! 1．A．bring B．watch C．ask D．help 2．A．shortest B．highest C．longest D．widest 3．A．lights B．traditions C．backgrounds D．birthplaces 4．A．Thanks to B．Welcome to C．Compared to D．Next to 5．A．finished B．planted C．returned D．happened 6．A．itself B．ourselves C．themselves D．himself 7．A．for B．as C．with D．in 8．A．gave B．wrote C．made D．read 9．A．So B．But C．And D．Or 10．A．way B．season C．time D．chance 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文介绍了中国有很多名山和大河，也有很多湖泊。文中介绍了西湖吸引作者的地方。 1．句意：人们喜欢去泰山看日出。 bring带来；watch观看；ask询问；help帮助。根据宾语“People like go to Mount Tai to ... the sun rise.”可知，人们去泰山看日出，故选B。 2．句意：长江是最长的河流，第二长河是黄河。 shortest最短的；highest最高的；longest最长的；widest最宽的。根据“the second ... one is the Yellow River”可知，黄河是第二长河，故选C。 3．句意：它们是中国文化的发源地，因为中国的祖先就出生在那里。 light灯光；traditions传统；backgrounds背景；birthplaces诞生地。根据“because Chinese ancestors (祖先) were born in the areas.”可知，中国祖先出生在这里，因此这是中国文化的诞生地，故选D。 4．句意：与中国的河流相比，中国还有大量的湖泊。 Thanks to多亏了；Welcome to欢迎来到；Compared to与……相比；Next to紧挨着。根据“... the rivers in China, there are also a great number of lakes.”可知，相比于河流，中国还有大量的湖泊。故选C。 5．句意：据说这个故事发生在西湖上。 finished完成；planted种植；returned回来；happened发生。根据“the story ... on the West Lake.”可知，这个故事发生了，故选D。 6．句意：它位于浙江省杭州市，风景是如此迷人，游客经常迷失在其中。 itself它自己；ourselves我们自己；themselves他们自己；himself他自己。此处主语是“visitors”，因此用反身代词themselves，故选C。 7．句意：西湖不仅因其独特的风景，还因一些美丽的诗而闻名。 for为了；as作为；with带有；in在……里。根据“The West Lake has become famous ... not only its special scenery ...”可知，西湖因风景出名，be famous for“因为……而出名”，故选A。 8．句意：伟大的诗人白居易和苏东坡写了很多诗。 gave给；wrote写；made制作；read阅读。根据“The great poets Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo”可知，诗人写了很多诗，故选B。 9．句意：而且西湖的周边地区是著名的龙井茶的产地。 So所以；But但是；And而且；Or或者。根据“ The West Lake is the best place that I have every visited.”可知，西湖是游览圣地；根据“... the surrounding (周边) area of the West Lake is the home of the famous Dragon Well Tea.”可知，西湖周边地区盛产龙井茶，此处是表示递进关系，用连词and。故选C。 10．句意：如果没有（去过），找个机会去这个神奇的地方吧！ way方法；project项目；time时间；chance机会。根据“look for a ... to go to the fantastic place!”可知，可以找个机会去西湖玩，a chance to do sth“做某事的机会”，故选D。 四、任务型阅读 A 阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。 Hello from different landscapes I am a river. I have two faces. I give life: my water is fresh water, so everybody can drink it and use it for farming and washing. But I am also very powerful. When I flood, I sometimes destroy (破坏) homes and lives. Nothing can get in my way. I am a desert. My body is mostly made of sand and I seldom see rain. I am very hot during the day and very cold at night. Nobody wants to live in such difficult conditions, but a few plants and animals can survive. How amazing! I am the ocean. I am huge. I cover more than two-thirds of the earth’s surface, so people call the earth the “Blue Planet”. What a beautiful name! I am home to hundreds of thousands of living things. I am a forest. I am full of trees, and I produce oxygen for humans and animals to breathe. I wear different colors in different seasons, usually green in summer and golden brown in autumn. 1．Why is the water from rivers so useful to people? 2．Why does the river say it has “two faces”? 3．What are the living conditions like in the desert? 4．Why do people call the earth the “Blue Planet”? 5．What colors do forests usually wear in summer and autumn? 【答案】1．Because it is fresh water, so everybody can drink it and use it for farming and washing. 2．Because it gives life but can also destroy homes and lives when it floods. 3．It is mostly made of sand, seldom rains, very hot during the day and very cold at night. 4．Because the ocean covers more than two-thirds of the earth’s surface, and the ocean is blue. 5．Green in summer and golden brown in autumn. 【导语】本文以河流、沙漠、海洋和森林的第一人称视角，描述其特征，突出自然景观对地球生态的重要性。 1．根据“I give life: my water is fresh water, so everybody can drink it and use it for farming and washing.”可知，因为它是淡水，所以每个人都可以喝它，它还用于耕种和洗涤。故填Because it is fresh water, so everybody can drink it and use it for farming and washing. 2．根据“I have two faces. I give life: ... When I flood, I sometimes destroy (破坏) homes and lives...”可知，河流说它有“两面”是因为它能带来生命，但当洪水泛滥时，它也能摧毁家园和生命。故填Because it gives life but can also destroy homes and lives when it floods. 3．根据“I am a desert. My body is mostly made of sand and I seldom see rain. I am very hot during the day and very cold at night”可知，它主要是由沙子构成的，很少下雨，白天很热，晚上很冷。故填It is mostly made of sand, seldom rains, very hot during the day and very cold at night. 4．根据“I cover more than two-thirds of the earth’s surface, so people call the earth the ‘Blue Planet’.”可知，人们称地球为“蓝色星球”是因为海洋覆盖了地球表面的三分之二以上，而且海洋是蓝色的。故填Because the ocean covers more than two-thirds of the earth’s surface, and the ocean is blue. 5．根据“I wear different colors in different seasons, usually green in summer and golden brown in autumn.”可知，森林夏天是绿色，秋天是金棕色。故填Green in summer and golden brown in autumn. B 阅读短文，回答下列问题。 The Yangtze River, the longest river in Asia, is about 6,300 kilometers long. It runs through many provinces in China. It is very important to China. It provides lots of water for people. Many kinds of fish live in it. There are also many beautiful natural scenes along the river. Every year, many tourists come to visit the Yangtze River. 1．How long is the Yangtze River? 2．Is the Yangtze River important to China? 3．What does the Yangtze River provide for people? 4．What can be seen along the Yangtze River? 5．Why do many tourists come to visit the Yangtze River every year? 【答案】1．It is about 6,300 kilometers long. 2．Yes, it is. 3．It provides lots of water for people. 4．Many beautiful natural scenes can be seen along the river. 5．Because there are many beautiful natural scenes along the Yangtze River. 【导语】本文主要介绍和长江有关的事实。 1．根据“The Yangtze River, the longest river in Asia, is about 6,300 kilometers long.”可知，长江全长约6300千米。故填It is about 6,300 kilometers long. 2．根据“It is very important to China.”可知，长江对中国来说很重要。故填Yes, it is. 3．根据“It provides lots of water for people.”可知，长江为人们提供了大量的水资源。故填It provides lots of water for people. 4．根据“There are also many beautiful natural scenes along the river.”可知，沿江可以看到许多美丽的自然景观。故填Many beautiful natural scenes can be seen along the river. 5．根据“There are also many beautiful natural scenes along the river. Every year, many tourists come to visit the Yangtze River.”可知，每年都有许多游客来参观长江是因为沿江有许多美丽的自然景观。故填Because there are many beautiful natural scenes along the Yangtze River. 五、短文填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Victoria Falls is a great 1 (nature) wonder of the world. It is one of the 2 (large) waterfalls in the world. It is over 1,700 meters wide and about 108 meters 3 (height). The waterfall sits on the Zambezi River 4 southern Africa. It is famous 5 its spectacular (壮观的) scenery. Every second, a huge flow of water falls down the waterfall’s edge. All that 6 (move) water creates huge clouds of spray (水花). People can see the spray 7 (kilometer) away from the waterfall. And the spray creates rainbows. The rainbows are very beautiful 8 the blue sky and the green forest in the background. Lots 9 visitors go to see the waterfall every year. Visitors can see it from vantage points. If they want to enjoy it in a 10 (difference) way, they can swim in the river right up to the waterfall’s edge. 【答案】 1．natural 2．largest 3．high 4．in 5．for 6．moving 7．kilometers 8．against 9．of 10．different 【导语】本文主要介绍了维多利亚瀑布的相关信息，包括它的大概高度、宽度，以及它的景色。 1．句意：维多利亚瀑布是世界上一个伟大的自然奇观。根据“wonder of the world.”可知，此处应该填入一个形容词，修饰名词wonder，nature是一个名词，它的形容词是natural。故填natural。 2．句意：它是世界上最大的瀑布之一。根据“It is one of the…waterfalls in the world.”可知，one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数“最……之一”，此处应该填入一个形容词的最高级，large的最高级为largest。故填largest。 3．句意：它宽1700多米，高108米。根据“It is over 1,700 meters wide and about 108 meters…(height).”可知，此处应该填入一个形容词，表示“高的”，height的形容词为high。故填high。 4．句意：瀑布坐落在非洲南部的赞比西河上。根据“southern Africa.”可知，此处在非洲南部，应该填入一个介词，in符合语境。故填in。 5．句意：它以壮观的风景而闻名。根据“its spectacular (壮观的) scenery.”可知，此处应该填入一个介词，表示“因为”，be famous for意为“因……而闻名”。故填for。 6．句意：所有这些流动的水形成了巨大的水雾。根据“water creates huge clouds of spray (水花).”可知，创造出巨大的水雾的应是流动的水，修饰名词water，应用move的ing形式moving“活动的”。故填moving。 7．句意：人们可以在离瀑布几公里远的地方看到水雾。根据“away from the waterfall.”可知，此处应该填入一个名词，表示“千米”’，又因为此处需要表示复数，kilometer的复数为kilometers。故填kilometers。 8．句意：彩虹在蓝天和绿色森林的映衬下非常美丽。根据“the blue sky and the green forest in the background.”可知，在蓝天和绿色森林的映衬下，彩虹很漂亮；against意为“以……为背景”，符合语境。故填against。 9．句意：每年都有很多游客去看瀑布。根据“Lots…visitors go to see the waterfall every year.”可知，此处应该填入一个介词，构成lots of，意为“大量的”。故填of。 10．句意：如果他们想以不同的方式欣赏它，他们可以在河里游泳，一直游到瀑布的边缘。根据“(difference) way,”可知，此处应该填入一个形容词，修饰名词way，difference是一个名词，它的形容词是different，意为“不同的”。故填different。 2 / 12 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Mountains and rivers（话题阅读精练） 模块 语篇主题 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 山脉与河流 — 说明文 约 250 介绍山脉与河流的特征（如喜马拉雅山脉、尼罗河等）、形成及面临的污染、冰川融化等挑战，强调保护的重要性 实战演练 石笋山游玩经历 语法选择 记叙文 约 200 讲述作者夏天游玩重庆石笋山的经历，包括当地景色、特色石头、美食及愉快感受 张家界石柱状山脉 阅读理解（A） 说明文 约 250 介绍张家界石柱状山脉的形成过程，提及未来可能消失，呼吁珍惜这一自然奇观 冰川与地貌变化 阅读理解（B） 说明文 约 200 讲述冰川的形成、移动时对地貌的改变（如形成山丘、河湖），以及如今仍在塑造世界的情况 中国山水与西湖 完形填空 说明文 约 300 介绍中国的名山（泰山等）、大河（长江、黄河）及西湖，提及西湖的传说、诗词和周边龙井茶 自然景观自述 任务型阅读（A） 说明文 约 250 以河流、沙漠、海洋、森林第一人称，描述各自特征及对地球生态的作用 长江概况 任务型阅读（B） 说明文 约 150 介绍长江的长度、流经区域、重要性（供水、孕育鱼类）及沿线自然景观吸引游客的情况 维多利亚瀑布 短文填空 说明文 约 200 介绍维多利亚瀑布的地位（世界自然奇观）、尺寸、位置、壮观景色及游客参观方式 时文阅读 Mountains and Rivers Mountains and rivers are the backbone of our planet. They shape the land, provide resources, and inspire people around the world. Mountains are tall, rocky areas that rise high above the ground. Some, like the Himalayas, are home to the world’s highest peaks. They are formed by the movement of Earth’s crust over millions of years. Rivers, on the other hand, are long streams of water that flow from mountains to the sea. The Nile in Africa is the longest river, while the Amazon in South America is the widest. Rivers carry water for drinking, farming, and even generating electricity. However, mountains and rivers face challenges today. Pollution from factories and cities harms river ecosystems, and climate change is melting mountain glaciers. Protecting these natural wonders is crucial for our future. 【全文翻译】 山脉与河流是地球的脊梁。它们塑造了陆地，提供了资源，并启发着世界各地的人们。 山脉是高耸的岩石区域，如喜马拉雅山脉，拥有世界最高峰。它们由地壳运动历经数百万年形成。河流则是从山脉流向大海的长流水系。非洲的尼罗河是最长的河流，而南美洲的亚马逊河是最宽的。河流为饮用、农业甚至发电提供水源。 然而，山脉与河流如今面临挑战。 工厂和城市的污染破坏河流生态系统，气候变化正在融化山脉冰川。保护这些自然奇观对我们的未来至关重要。 【长难句分析】 1.They are formed by the movement of Earth’s crust over millions of years. 翻译：它们由地壳运动历经数百万年形成。 分析： ▪被动语态（are formed）强调动作的承受者 “山脉”。 ▪“over millions of years” 表示时间跨度，说明山脉形成的漫长过程。 2.The Nile in Africa is the longest river, while the Amazon in South America is the widest. 翻译：非洲的尼罗河是最长的河流，而南美洲的亚马逊河是最宽的。 分析： ▪比较级（longest, widest）突出两条河流的特点。 ▪“while” 连接两个并列分句，对比两者的不同。 3.Protecting these natural wonders is crucial for our future. 翻译：保护这些自然奇观对我们的未来至关重要。 分析： ▪动名词短语（Protecting these natural wonders）作主语，强调保护的重要性。 ▪“crucial” 表示 “至关重要的”，体现紧迫性。 【重难词汇梳理】 词汇 汉语翻译 词性 发音 backbone 脊梁；支柱 n. /ˈbækboʊn/ resources 资源 n. /ˈriːsɔːrsɪz/ crust 地壳 n. /krʌst/ generate 产生；发电 v. /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ ecosystem 生态系统 n. /ˈiːkoʊsɪstəm/ glacier 冰川 n. /ˈɡleɪʃər/ natural 自然的 adj. /ˈnætʃrəl/ crucial 至关重要的 adj. /ˈkruːʃl/ challenge 挑战 n. /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ pollution 污染 n. /pəˈluːʃn/ movement 运动；移动 n. /ˈmuːvmənt/ stream 溪流 n. /striːm/ electricity 电 n. /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ protect 保护 v. /prəˈtekt/ inspire 启发；激励 v. /ɪnˈspaɪr/ 实战演练 一、语法选择 Shi Sun Mountain is in the west of Chongqing. It is very beautiful. It is really a good place 1 fun. I went to Shi Sun Mountain 2 summer and we 3 lots of delicious food. The weather was cool 4 it was also humid there. I walked on the glass bridge, I 5 it was cool and it made me feel good. There 6 many different kinds of stones across from the mountain. Some were big; some were thin; some were straight; some looked like cute penguins; some looked like big mushrooms. There were two special stones: one looked like a shy girl, 7 looked like a strong man. They were very 8 . The people there were friendly and the traditional 9 was delicious, too. We ate lots of vegetables. I 10 a good time there. I love Shi Sun Mountain very much. 1．A．have B．to have C．look D．to looking 2．A．in B．at C．on D．to 3．A．eat B．eats C．had D．have 4．A．or B．and C．also D．but 5．A．am feel B．feel C．felt D．was feel 6．A．is B．are C．was D．were 7．A．other B．others C．the other D．the others 8．A．interest B．interested C．interesting D．interests 9．A．friend B．weather C．food D．animal 10．A．had B．have C．has D．am having 二、阅读理解 A Do you know mountains that look like huge stone pillars (石柱)? Many people feel surprised when they first see the special mountains in Zhangjiajie. How did these mountains form? Let’s travel through time to discover their story. Long ago, Zhangjiajie was under water. Rivers brought sand to the seabed. Year after year, new sand fell on the old sand. The heavy new sand pushed (挤) the old sand together. After millions of years, the sand became hard rock. The hard rock was sandstone. Then, something amazing happened. The seabed slowly ascended and became dry land. The sandstone started breaking into big pieces. Now came nature’s artists—wind and water. Strong winds blew against the sandstone, while rainwater made small holes (洞) in the stones. Like a knife cutting cakes, rivers flowed through these holes and made them deeper. These two natural artists slowly changed the sandstone into beautiful stone pillars. But this story isn’t over. Even now, wind and rain keep making the stone pillars smaller. Scientists say that after millions more years, these stone pillars will completely disappear. So we’re ______  to see this natural wonder before it’s all gone 1．What is special about the mountains in Zhangjiajie? A．They are very high. B．They look like stone pillars. C．They are under water. D．They have many waterfalls. 2．What was Zhangjiajie like long ago? A．A dry desert. B．A big forest. C．A wide plain. D．A water world. 3．What does the underlined word “ascended” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．moved up B．broke up C．came around D．knocked around 4．Which of the following words is the most suitable for “______” in the last paragraph? A．worried B．sorry C．confident D．lucky 5．The writer writes the passage to answer ______. A．what makes the mountains disappear B．where visitors should go in Zhangjiajie C．how the stone pillar grew over the years D．why we need to look after the mountains B Snow fell on the mountain. It snowed and snowed. The snow did not melt (融化). It became deep and heavy. The snow on the bottom pressed (挤压) together, and it became ice. The ice was very wide and thick. It began to move down the mountain. It was like a river of ice. It was a glacier. Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches (英寸) each day. As it moved, it took rocks and dirt with it. It changed the land. In some places, it left hills. In some places, when the glacier melted, it made rivers and lakes. A million years ago, there were many big glaciers. Glaciers covered many parts of the world. The glaciers changed the land. Glaciers are still at work today. A glacier in the north of Canada is cutting a new path—down the side of a mountain. This glacier will change the land, too. The power of glaciers is truly remarkable. They shape our world, reminding (提醒) us of the forces of nature. 1．The snow fell on the mountain and ________ according to Paragraph 1. A．became snowmen B．melted C．turned to rain D．became ice 2．When the glacier melted, it made ________. A．rivers and lakes B．rocks and dirt C．hills and mountains D．paths and water 3．The passage makes us believe ________. A．the glaciers never melt B．the glaciers always moved only a few inches each day C．there were glaciers a million years ago D．the glaciers cannot change the land 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Snow is heavy. B．The high land never changes. C．Glaciers changed the land D．Each part of the world is full of ice. 5．In which part of a magazine can we read the text? A．Culture. B．Nature. C．Health. D．Sports. 三、完形填空 China is a great country with more than 5,000 years of history. There are many places of interest. They attract millions of tourists from all over the world every year. Many mountains, such as Mount Tai, Mount Emei, Mount Hua are very famous. People like go to Mount Tai to 1 the sun rise. There are many rivers in China. The Yangtze River is the longest one and the second 2 one is the Yellow River. They are the 3 of Chinese culture because Chinese ancestors (祖先) were born in the areas. 4 the rivers in China, there are also a great number of lakes. One of the most famous lakes is the West Lake. Have you heard of the story about Xu Xian and White Snake? It is said that the story 5 on the West Lake. The West Lake is the best place that I have ever visited. It lies in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. The scenery is so attractive that visitors often lose 6 in it. The West Lake has become famous 7 not only its special scenery but some beautiful poems. The great poets Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo 8 plenty of plenty of poems. 9 the surrounding (周边) area of the West Lake is the home of the famous Dragon Well Tea. The tea is good for people’s health. Have you ever been to the West Lake? If not, look for a 10 to go to the fantastic place! 1．A．bring B．watch C．ask D．help 2．A．shortest B．highest C．longest D．widest 3．A．lights B．traditions C．backgrounds D．birthplaces 4．A．Thanks to B．Welcome to C．Compared to D．Next to 5．A．finished B．planted C．returned D．happened 6．A．itself B．ourselves C．themselves D．himself 7．A．for B．as C．with D．in 8．A．gave B．wrote C．made D．read 9．A．So B．But C．And D．Or 10．A．way B．season C．time D．chance 四、任务型阅读 A 阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。 Hello from different landscapes I am a river. I have two faces. I give life: my water is fresh water, so everybody can drink it and use it for farming and washing. But I am also very powerful. When I flood, I sometimes destroy (破坏) homes and lives. Nothing can get in my way. I am a desert. My body is mostly made of sand and I seldom see rain. I am very hot during the day and very cold at night. Nobody wants to live in such difficult conditions, but a few plants and animals can survive. How amazing! I am the ocean. I am huge. I cover more than two-thirds of the earth’s surface, so people call the earth the “Blue Planet”. What a beautiful name! I am home to hundreds of thousands of living things. I am a forest. I am full of trees, and I produce oxygen for humans and animals to breathe. I wear different colors in different seasons, usually green in summer and golden brown in autumn. 1．Why is the water from rivers so useful to people? 2．Why does the river say it has “two faces”? 3．What are the living conditions like in the desert? 4．Why do people call the earth the “Blue Planet”? 5．What colors do forests usually wear in summer and autumn? B 阅读短文，回答下列问题。 The Yangtze River, the longest river in Asia, is about 6,300 kilometers long. It runs through many provinces in China. It is very important to China. It provides lots of water for people. Many kinds of fish live in it. There are also many beautiful natural scenes along the river. Every year, many tourists come to visit the Yangtze River. 1．How long is the Yangtze River? 2．Is the Yangtze River important to China? 3．What does the Yangtze River provide for people? 4．What can be seen along the Yangtze River? 5．Why do many tourists come to visit the Yangtze River every year? 五、短文填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Victoria Falls is a great 1 (nature) wonder of the world. It is one of the 2 (large) waterfalls in the world. It is over 1,700 meters wide and about 108 meters 3 (height). The waterfall sits on the Zambezi River 4 southern Africa. It is famous 5 its spectacular (壮观的) scenery. Every second, a huge flow of water falls down the waterfall’s edge. All that 6 (move) water creates huge clouds of spray (水花). People can see the spray 7 (kilometer) away from the waterfall. And the spray creates rainbows. The rainbows are very beautiful 8 the blue sky and the green forest in the background. Lots 9 visitors go to see the waterfall every year. Visitors can see it from vantage points. If they want to enjoy it in a 10 (difference) way, they can swim in the river right up to the waterfall’s edge. 2 / 12 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $