内容正文:
专项14 Unit 1-Unit 4语法专项
01 there be句型的陈述句 02 方位介词
03there be 句型的疑问句 04基数词和序数词的用法
05have / has 的用法 06动名词的用法
01 there be句型的陈述句
(知识点讲解)
一、定义:
there be句型用于介绍客观上的“某处有某物/某人”。
二、there be句型的结构
(一)肯定句:
1.There is+a/an+可数名词单数(+介词+地点).
例:There is a pen on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔。
2.There are +可数名词复数(+介词+地点).
例:There are four apples on the ground. 地上有四个苹果。
3. There is+不可数名词(+介词+地点).
例:There is some milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。
(二)否定句:
1.There isn't+a/an+可数名词单数(+介词+地点).
例:There isn't a book in the schoolbag. 书包里没有书。
2. There aren't+可数名词复数(+介词+地点).
例:There aren't five bananas on the table.桌子上没有五根香蕉。
3. There isn't+不可数名词(+介词+地点).
例:There isn't any juice in the glass.玻璃杯里没有果汁。
注意:some和any都表示“一些”,但是some 一般用于肯定句中,any 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
三、就近原则:
当there be句型中出现两个及两个以上并列的主语时,be动词的形式由最靠近be动词的名词决定,遵循“就近原则”。
例:There are two boys and a girl in the park. 公园里有两个男孩和一个女孩。
强化练习
一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空,
1. There ________ a pencil box on the desk.
2. There ________ many birds in the tree.
3. There ________ a lot of water in the glass.
4. There ________ a teacher and some boys in the playground.
02 方位介词
(知识点讲解)
一、在英语中,有许多表示事物存在的方向和位置的介词,我们称之为方位介词。常见的方位介词如下所示:
1. 镶嵌在墙里的物品,如门、窗等,用in。
2. 挂在墙上的物品,如地图、字画等,用on。
3. 长在树上的东西用 on,飞在或落在树上的东西用 in。
4. at后接较小的地方,in 后接较大的地方。
强化练习
一、选词填空。(每词限用一次)
at to on in
1. Judy lives ________ No.7 Happy Street.
2. We fly kites ________ the park.
3. The supermarket is next _______ the cinema.
4. Look at the pictures. They are _______ the wall.
二、小动物们正在公园里捉迷藏。观察小动物的位置,判断下列句子正(T)误(F)。
( )1. The monkey is behind the apple tree.
( )2. The chairs are beside the table.
( )3. There is a cat on the table.
( )4. Look! The panda is in the hole(洞穴)
03 there be 句型的疑问句
(知识点讲解)
一、there be 句型的一般疑问句:
1.将there be句型的陈述句改为一般疑问句时,把 be动词提到句首,句中如果有 some,则改成any句末标点改为问号。
例:陈述句:There are some books on the desk.
一般疑问句: Are there any books on the desk?
2.there be句型一般现在时的一般疑问句句型结构及其回答:
(1) 当主语为可数名词单数时:Is there a/an+可数名词单数+地点状语?
肯定回答:Yes,there is. 否定回答:No, there isn't.
例:-Is there a pencil case in your schoolbag?你的书包里有一个铅笔盒吗?
-No,there isn't.不,没有。
(2) 当主语为可数名词复数时:Are there any+可数名词复数+地点状语?
肯定回答:Yes, there are. 否定回答:No, there aren't.
例:-Are there any apples in the basket?篮子里有一些苹果吗?-Yes, there are.是的,有
(3) 当主语为不可数名词时:Is there any+不可数名词+地点状语?
肯定回答:Yes, there is. 否定回答:No, there isn't.
例:-Is there any milk in the glass?杯子里有一些牛奶吗?
-No, there isn't.不,没有。
二、there be 句型的特殊疑问句:
1.询问某地有什么:-What is/What's+表示地点的介词短语? -There is/ are...
例:-What's in the fridge? 冰箱里有什么?
-There are some eggs in the fridge.冰箱里有一些鸡蛋。
2.询问可数名词的数量:-How many +复数名词+are there(+其他)?-There is/are...
例:-How many computers are there in the bedroom?卧室里有多少台电脑?
-There is one computer in the bedroom.卧室里有一台电脑。
3.询问不可数名词的量:-How much+不可数名词+is there(+其他)?-There is...
例:-How much orange juice is there in the bottle?瓶子里有多少橙汁?
-There is some orange juice in the bottle.瓶子里有一些橙汁
强化练习
一、单项选择。
( )1.-Are there two pencils in the bag?
-__________ One is red, and the other is green.
A. Yes, there is. B. Yes, there are. C. No, there aren't.
( )2.-Are there ________ art rooms in your school?
-Yes. They are very nice and big.
A. some B.a C. any
( )3. Is there ________ in the zoo?
A.a tiger B.tigers C. tiger
( )4.-Is there a music room in the school?
-________ There's an art room too
A. Yes, there are. B. Yes, there is. C. No, there isn't.
( )5.________ there any orange juice in the bottle?
A.Is B. Are C. It
( )6.-What's in the basket?
-_______ some bananas.
A. There's B. There are C. It is
( )7.-What ________ in the bedroom?
-There is a chair.
A.is B. are C.am
( )8.-How many _________ are there in the school?
-There _______ only one.
A. library; is B. libraries; are C. libraries; is
( )9. How many _______ of tea are there on the table?
A.cup B.cups C.a cup
( )10.-Are there houses near the river?
-Yes, there are
A. any; some B.any; any C.some; any
04 基数词和序数词的用法
(知识点讲解)
一、定义:基数词表示数量。序数词表示顺序。
二、表达方法:
1.one~twelve(1~12)的单词拼写,没有规律可循,需分别记忆。
2.thirteen~nineteen(13~19)表示“十几”的单词,词尾为后缀-teen。其中thirteen,fifteen,eighteen需特殊记忆。
3.twenty~ninety(20~90)表示整十的单词词尾为后缀-ty。其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty,eighty需特殊记忆。
4.21~99 表示“几十几”的非整十数,由整十数加个位基数词构成,中间用连字符“-”连接。例:twenty-two 22 seventy-one 715.
5.基数词变序数词口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th;
1、 二、三,特殊记,八少t,九去e,f要把 ve 替。
整十基数变序数,ty 变成 tie,词尾加上 -th。
若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。
6.1~10对应的基数词和序数词对照表:
强化练习
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Look at the girls over there. The________ ( four ) one is my cousin, Amy.
2.The library is on the ________( three ) floor.
3. Monday is the _______ ( two ) day of a week.
4. The ________ ( six ) day of a week is Friday.
5.Teachers’ Day is on the _______ (ten ) of September.
二、单项选择。
( )1. My birthday is on July ________.
A. the eighth B. eighth C. eight
( )2. There are _________ days in a week,
A.seven B. seventh C. the seventh
( )3. Sunday is the _______ day of a week
A. one B.first C.second
( )4. The teachers’ office is on ________ floor.
A. five B. the fifth C. fifth
( ) 5. There are ________months in a year, and ________month is December.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelfth; the twelve C.twelve; the twelfth
05 have / has 的用法
(知识点讲解)
一、定义:
have/has 表示拥有某物,是一种所属关系。
二、句型结构:
主语为非第三人称单数
主语为第三人称单数
肯定句
主语+have+某物,
例:I have an apple.我有一个苹果。
主语 +has+某物.
例:He has a book.他有一本书。
否定句
主语 + don't+ have+某物:
=主语+ have no+某物.
例:I don't have apples.= I have no apples.我没有苹果
主语+doesn't+ have+某物
=主语+ has no+某物.
例:The snake doesn't have legs.= The snake has no legs.蛇没有腿。
一般疑问句
-Do+主语+ have+某物?
-Yes, 主语 + do./ No, 主语 + don't.
例:-Do you have a bag?你有一个包吗?
-Yes,Ido.是的,我有。
-Does+主语+have+某物?
-Yes, 主语 + does./ No, 主语 + doesn't.
例:-Does Tina have a rubber?蒂娜有一块橡皮吗?
-No, she doesn't.不,她没有。
特殊疑问句
-What+ do/does+ 主语 +have?-主语+have/has+某物
例:(1)-What do you have?你们有什么?
-We have anew book.我们有一本新书。
(2) -What does your friend have?你朋友有什么?
-He has a kite.他有一只风筝。
三、与there be句型的区别:
there be指客观存在,表示“某处有某人/某物”;have指所属关系,表示“某人/某物有某物”更偏主观拥有。
强化练习
一、单项选择。
( )1. Lanlan and Huahua ________ a little dog.
A. has B. there is C. Have
( )2._________ some apples on the table.
A. There are B. There have C. There is
( )3.-What ______ your sister ______?
-She has a postcard from China.
A. do; have B. does; has C. does; have
( )4. ______ an English book in your bag?
A. Has there B. Is there C. Are there
二、用 have 的正确形式填空,补全句子。
1.I _______ a nice dress.
2. The elephant _______ two big ears.
3. Tom and Mike _______ some books
4. Does your brother _________ a stamp?
06 动名词的用法
(知识点讲解)
一、概念:
动名词由动词变化而来。它既有名词的性质(可作主语),又有动词的性质(可带宾语)。动名词在形式上与现在分词相同,即动词-ing形式其变化规则和现在分词的变化规则相同:
二、变化规则:
三、具体用法:
1.动名词作主语(谓语动词用第三人称单数形式):
例:Dancing makes people healthy and beautiful.跳舞使人们健康、美丽。
2.动名词作宾语:
例:My brother likes riding a bike in the park.我哥哥喜欢在公园里骑自行车。
3.动名词作表语:
例:Her hobby is running.她的爱好是跑步。
4.常见的动名词搭配:
例:like doing sth.喜欢做某事
go doing sth.去做某事
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事be good at doing sth.=do/does well in doing sth.擅长做某事
How/What about doing sth.?做某事怎么样?
快乐小口诀:
动名词很好记,动词后加 -ing,词尾若有哑巴e,去e再加别忘记,
单辅重读闭音节,未尾字母要双写,遇到词尾是 ie,ie 变y再加 -ing。
强化练习
一、写出下列动词的动名词。
1. draw ________ 2. dance _________ 3. sing _________ 4.drink _________
5.swim ________ 6. take _________ 7. jump ________ 8. run_________
二、单项选择。
( )1.Linda is ________ at _______ the piano.
A. good; play B. well; play C. good; playing
( )2. My hobby is ________.I can ________ very well.
A. draw; drawing B. drawing;, drawing C. drawing; draw
( )3. How about _______ clothes for her?
A. make B.makes C. Making
( )4. My mother is busy ________ the housework.
A. doing B. does C. to do
参考答案及解析
第 1 页 共 6 页
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
【01】
1.is (“a pencil box” 是单数,一般现在时用 is )
2.are (“many birds” 是复数,一般现在时用 are )
3.is (“water” 是不可数名词,视为单数,一般现在时用 is )
4.is (there be 句型遵循 “就近原则”,“a teacher” 是单数,用 is )
【02】
一、
1.at (“at + 具体门牌号 / 街道名称” 表示在…… ,Judy lives at No.7 Happy Street. )
2.in (“in the park” 表示在公园里 ,We fly kites in the park. )
3.to (“next to” 是固定短语,意为 “紧挨着” ,The supermarket is next to the cinema. )
4.on (“on the wall” 表示在墙上 ,They are on the wall. )
二、
1.T (猴子在苹果树后面,与描述一致 )
2.T (椅子在桌子旁边,与描述一致 )
3.F (猫在桌子下面,不是在桌子上 )
4.F (洞穴里是兔子,不是熊猫 )
【03】
一、1.B(问句是 “Are there...”,肯定回答用 “Yes, there are.” )
2.C(一般疑问句中 “一些” 用 any ,art rooms 是复数,不能用 a )
3.A(Is there 后接单数可数名词或不可数名词,a tiger 是单数可数名词 )
4.B(问句是 “Is there...”,根据答句 “There's an art room too” 可知是肯定回答,用 “Yes, there is.” )
5.A(orange juice 是不可数名词,be 动词用 is )
6.B(some bananas 是复数,用 “There are” )
7.A(What's + 地点,询问某地有什么,用 is )
8.C(How many 后接可数名词复数,libraries 是 library 的复数;“only one” 表明 be 动词用 is )
9.B(How many 后接可数名词复数,cups 是 cup 的复数 )
10.A(一般疑问句中 “一些” 用 any ,肯定回答中 “一些” 用 some )
【04】
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空答案
1.fourth (表示 “第四个”,用序数词 )
2.third (“在三楼” 用序数词 third )
3.second (周一在西方是一周的第二天,用序数词 second )
4.sixth (周五是一周的第六天,用序数词 sixth )
5.tenth (教师节在九月十日,用序数词 tenth )
二、单项选择答案
1.A (日期用 “月份 + the + 序数词”,July the eighth 表示七月八日 )
2.A (一周有七天,用基数词 seven )
3.B (在西方,周日是一周的第一天,用序数词 first )
4.B (“在五楼” 用 “on the fifth floor” ,序数词前加 the )
5.C (一年有十二个月,用基数词 twelve;第十二个月用 “the twelfth month” ,序数词前加 the )
【05】
一、单项选择
1.C(主语是复数,一般现在时用 have,句首首字母大写 )
2.A(“some apples” 是复数,用 There are )
3.C(your sister 是第三人称单数,助动词用 does,其后动词用原形 have )
4.B(“an English book” 是单数,一般疑问句用 Is there )
二、用 have 的正确形式填空
1.have (主语 I,一般现在时用 have )
2.has (主语 the elephant 是第三人称单数,用 has )
3.have (主语 Tom and Mike 是复数,用 have )
4.have (助动词 Does 后用动词原形 have )
【06】
一、写出动词的动名词
1.drawing 2.dancing 3.singing 4.drinking 5.swimming 6.taking 7.jumping
8.running
二、单项选择
1.C(be good at doing sth. 是固定搭配,“擅长做某事” )
2.C(hobby 后接动名词 drawing;can 后接动词原形 draw )
3.C(How about doing sth. ,“做某事怎么样” ,句首首字母大写 )
4.A(be busy doing sth. ,“忙于做某事” )
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