第04讲 语法填空命题剖析（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题04 语法填空命题剖析 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 4 考点一：语法填空之有提示词（重点） 3 考点二：语法填空之无提示词（难点） 14 考点三：语法填空中两空或三空（难点） 20 实战精练与提升 23 考情解读 一、考试要求 上海高考英语语法填空题是全面检测学生语法在篇章中综合运用能力，能更科学地反应学生的英语语法知识的综合程度。上海历年高考英语语法高频考察点主要有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。本题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。值得注意的是近年试题中出现一些平常我们在一模二模中不常考到而被忽视的语法点。 二、命题分析 分值与形式 共 10 分，设 10 空，分有提示词（约 4 空）和无提示词（约 6 空）两类。 考查内容 有提示词：动词（时态、语态、非谓语）、形容词 / 副词（比较级、最高级） 无提示词：冠词、介词、代词、连词（并列 / 从属）、固定搭配等。 命题特点 立足语篇语境，融合语法规则与逻辑推理，考查语法知识的综合运用能力。 特殊注意 偶考一模二模中不常见的 “冷门” 语法点，需全面备考。 知识梳理 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 有提示词 形容词/ 副词 原 级 1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形 2、修饰比较级最高级的词 3、less/least+adj/adv情况 4、双写+er的单词 比较级 最高级 动词 时态语态 1、各种时态的标志词以及特征 2、主动表被动情况 不定式 1、不定式作主宾表定状补 2、动名词作主宾表定 3、分词作表定状补 4、各种非谓语的时态语态 动名词 分 词 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 无提示词 冠词 定冠词/不定冠词 判断语境是特指还是非特指 介词 搭配及其他 熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法 代词 人称物主代词 1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分 2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语 3、代词作定语 不定代词 反身单词 动词 情态动词 观察语境中暗含的情感和态度 助动词/系动词 倒装情况 从属连词 定语从句 1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法 2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long....情况 3、表语从句连接词as if，because 名词性从句 状语从句 强调句 并列连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系 考点精讲 · 考点一：语法填空之有提示词 解题策略 1. 括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。 2. 看句子有没有连词，若无连词，则要有1个谓语动词，有1个连词，则句子应该有2个谓语动词，2个连词应该有3个谓语动词，若缺少则所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看，后看看确定时态和语态。 3. 若句中已有谓语动词，且无连词，或谓语动词数量满足“连词+1”的情况则所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 （一）形容词/副词 【考点诠释】 括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。 附：形容词与副词的比较级和最高级构成 1：规则变化 构　成 例词 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-est small smaller smallest great greater greatest hard harder hardest 以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加-r和-st fine finer finest cute cuter cutest able abler ablest 以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-est fat fatter fattest thin thinner thinnest hot hotter hottest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er和-est easy easier easiest happy happier happiest early earlier earliest 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er和-est clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和most careful more careful most careful popular more popular most popular efficiently More efficiently most efficiently 2：不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good,well better best bad,ill worse worst many,much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 3：形容词和副词比较等级常见句式 项　目 例　句 as...as.../not so (as)...as...,意为“和…(不)一样…” She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are. 比较级 (+ than),意为“一方比另一方……” This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen a more interesting film. less +原级+than,意为“一方不及另一方……” This room is less beautiful than that one. the +比较级,the +比较级,意为“越……越……” The harder you work,the more progress you will make. “否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义 I have never spent a more worrying day. more...than...,意为“与其……倒不如……” He is more shy than unfriendly. 以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等 The book is superior to that one I just finished reading. no+比较级+than两者都不 This book is no more interesting than that once. The+比较级+of the two两者中较为…… the older of the two 4：形容词、副词的倍数表达法 (1)... 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as... The big box is four times as heavy as the small one. 大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。 (2)... 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than... The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆轿车跑得比那辆卡车快两倍。 (3)... 倍数＋the＋度量衡名词＋of... The newly built square is four times the size of the previous one. 新建的广场是之前的四倍大。 (4)... 倍数＋what从句 Cotton output is now ten times what it was ten years ago. 目前棉花产量是十年前的十倍。 (5)... 倍数＋that/those of... In this workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that of January. 这个车间七月的产量是一月的3.5倍。 （二）动词 【考点诠释】 01 动词的时态 时态 时间状语 一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等 一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等 现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等 现在完成时 since＋时间点，in/over the past... years, in recent years, for＋时间段， so far等 过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等 常用句式中时态： (1)was/were doing... when...＋一般过去时 (2)was/were about to do... when...＋一般过去时 (3)it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时 (4)it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时 (5)No sooner had＋主语＋done... than＋一般过去时 (6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done... when＋一般过去时 (7)It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时 02 动词的语态 1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系 (1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 (2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。 (3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。 2.主动表被动 (1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时； (2)当read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时； 03 主谓一致 项目 主语 谓语动词 语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of＋复数可数名词 单数 复数可数名词，and连接的两个名词，a number of＋复数可数名词 复数 (together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致　　 意义 一致 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念；强调整体的集合名词 单数 “the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数 就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语；“here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致　 04 非谓语动词 谓语动词：看句子有没有连词，若无连词，则要有1个谓语动词，有1个连词，则句子应该有2个谓语动词，2个连词应该有3个谓语动词，若缺少则所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看，后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况) 非谓语动词：若句中已有谓语动词，且无连词，或谓语动词数量满足“连词+1”的情况则所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语； 动名词doing 表习惯性动作，可作主宾表定状补，常考作主语、宾语； 现在分词doing 表主动、进行，可作主宾表定，常考作表语、定语、状语； （2025·上海青浦·二模） If you’ve worked in any professional environment, you’ve probably heard advice like this and even taken it. At first glance, it seems harmless — motivational, even. But dig deeper, and you’ll find these statements can often serve to stop progress, mask deeper problems, or encourage 1 (healthy) workplace norms. 【答案】less healthy 1．考查形容词比较级。句意：但深入挖掘，你会发现这些说法往往会阻碍进步，掩盖更深层次的问题，或者鼓励不健康的工作场所规范。根据前文“stop progress, mask deeper problems”可知，这些说法带来的是不好的影响，所以此处应表示 “不太健康的” 职场规范，healthy的降级比较级less healthy符合语境，less表示“否定、减少”的含义。故填less healthy。 （2025·上海金山·二模） This longer format requires more work on the script (稿), making the content 8 (rich), so the audience always feels it’s worth their time. 【答案】richer 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：这种较长的形式需要在剧本上做更多的工作，使内容更丰富，所以观众总是觉得很值得花时间。根据“This longer format requires more work on the script”可知，和普通表演相比，内容会“更丰富”，用形容词rich的比较级richer，作宾语补足语。故填richer。 （2025·上海普陀·二模） As more and more people living in urban areas are reporting lower levels of well-being, and are at a 10 (high) risk of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety than before, the study highlights the importance of bringing people closer to nature, the researchers say. 【答案】higher 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：研究人员表示，随着越来越多居住在城市地区的人报告称幸福感降低，并且比以前患抑郁症和焦虑症等心理健康障碍的风险更高，这项研究凸显了让人们更亲近自然的重要性。根据“than before”可知，用提示词比较级higher作定语，意为“更高的”。故填higher。 （2025·上海松江·二模） “Breaking up motionless periods with brief walk greatly increases energy consumed daily and 4 (improve) health.” 【答案】improves 4．考查动词。句意：这项研究的负责人、米兰大学教授弗朗西斯科·卢西亚诺博士表示，主要的信息应该是，短暂的体育活动，比如站起来泡杯茶，会对你燃烧的卡路里数量产生惊人的巨大影响。用短暂的散步来打破不动的时期，大大增加了每天消耗的能量，改善了健康。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，连词and后improve（提高）与increases（增加）一起作并列谓语，时态语态需保持一致，因此也需使用一般现在时的三单形式。故填improves。 （2025·上海黄浦·二模） If you find that shifting your focus brings you relief and your concerns don’t resurface down the road, that 7 (count) as working. You might say something regrettable at a party, for instance, but instead of worrying about it, you distract yourself by watching funny videos that night. 【答案】counts/is counted 7．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：如果你发现转移注意力能让你放松，而且之后担忧的事情也没有再浮现，那就说明这样做是有效的。由find可知，句子时态用一般现在时，sth. count as/sth. be counted as是固定短语，意为“某物可以算作/某物被认为是”，that作主语谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是counts/is counted。故填counts/is counted。 （2025·上海黄浦·二模） If you find that shifting your focus brings you relief and your concerns don’t resurface down the road, that _______ (count) as working. You might say something regrettable at a party, for instance, but instead of worrying about it, you distract yourself by watching funny videos that night. 【答案】counts/is counted 7．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：如果你发现转移注意力能让你放松，而且之后担忧的事情也没有再浮现，那就说明这样做是有效的。由find可知，句子时态用一般现在时，sth. count as/sth. be counted as是固定短语，意为“某物可以算作/某物被认为是”，that作主语谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是counts/is counted。故填counts/is counted。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） The study (involve) 20 horses, who were initially rewarded with a treat for touching a piece of card with their noses. In the second stage, a “stop light” was introduced, and the rule was changed so that the ……. 【答案】involved 3．考查动词时态。句意：这项研究涉及了 20 匹马，它们最初因用鼻子触碰一张卡片而得到食物奖励。文章整体描述的是过去进行的研究情况，句子主语是 “The study”，“involve” 是谓语动词，用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，所以用 “involved”。故填 involved。 （2025·上海闵行·二模） Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. 【答案】have shared/shared 考查时态。句意：向屡获殊荣的在职记者学习——其中包括两位因报道而共享普利策奖的记者。空处为句子的谓语动词。这里可以强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。也可用表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故填have shared/shared。 （2025·上海虹口·二模） Returning from studying abroad was like being hit by a wave of reality. The initial shock wasn’t in the customs or language differences I (expect) abroad—it came when I stepped back into daily life in the U.S. 【答案】had expected 考查时态。句意：最初的冲击并非来自于我在国外所预期的风俗或语言差异——当我回到美国的日常生活时，它就出现了。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，expect这个动作发生在 “was” 之前，即过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时。故填had expected。 （2025·上海青浦·二模） Giving yourself this space allows you to move from a reactive response to a thoughtful one. When I finally questioned the advice to “just be patient,” I realized it 9 (hold) me back. By taking proactive steps — seeking mentors outside of the workplace and pursuing my values — I started shaping my own career path, and you can do the same. 【答案】was holding/had held 9．考查时态。句意：当我终于质疑“要有耐心”的建议时，我意识到它一直在阻碍我/已经阻碍了我。根据语境可知，空格处是宾语从句的谓语动词，主句的谓语动词是realized，此处可以表示过去某个时间一直在进行的动作，用过去进行时；也可以表示realized之前已经完成的动作，用过去完成时，故填was holding/had held。 （2025·上海嘉定·二模） When Peary arrived, they planted their flags, securing their place in history. The impossible 10 (conquer). 【答案】had been conquered 10．考查时态和语态。句意：不可能的事情已经被征服了。The impossible” 与 “conquer” 之间是被动关系，“征服”发生在“抵达”之前，需用过去完成时，且主语the impossible与conquer之间是被动关。故填had been conquered。 （2025·上海浦东新·二模） In another study, researchers analyzed brain scans to see how writing about negative events affected the way such events 1 (process) and handled. They concluded that expressive writing might be an effective tool to address negative emotions and 2 writing about a past failure could improve learning. 【答案】were processed 1．考查时态和语态。句意：在另一项研究中，研究人员分析了脑部扫描，以了解写下负面事件如何影响此类事件被处理和应对的方式。“such events”是定语从句的主语，与“process”是被动关系，即事件被处理，根据上下文时态为一般过去时，故填 were processed。 （2025·上海闵行·二模） For students 6 (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option 7 (organize) in three sections 【答案】7．is organized/will be organized 7．考查时态和语态。句意：每个选项都分为三个部分。主语Every option与organize之间是被动关系，且此处描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态。也可以表示将要发生的动作，用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 is organized/will be organized。 （2025·上海金山·二模） But the growing popularity of stand-up comedy in China 2 (demonstrate) that humor has no borders. Another two stand-up comedy industry leaders in China 3 (establish) in 2014 and 2017 respectively. 【答案】 2．demonstrates 3．were established 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但脱口秀在中国日益增长的受欢迎程度表明幽默无国界。demonstrate(表明)是谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是“the growing popularity”是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填demonstrates。 3．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：另外两家中国脱口秀行业的领军机构分别于2014年和2017年成立。establish(建立)是谓语动词，与主语“Another two stand up comedy industry leaders”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“in 2014 and 2017 respectively”可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，助动词用were。故填were established。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模） Sara Sami vividly recalls the first time she truly saw the stars. The 38-year-old photographer and travel guide 1 (search) for a spot in Saudi Arabia — a massive cliff overlooking a vast desert — when she unexpectedly found herself under an amazing night sky. 【答案】was searching 1．考查时态。句意：这位38岁的摄影师兼旅游导游正在沙特阿拉伯寻找一个地方——一个俯瞰广阔沙漠的巨大悬崖——这时她意外地发现自己在一个惊人的夜空下。此处为句型sb. be doing sth. when…表示“正在做某事，这时……”，发生在过去的某个时刻用过去进行时，主语为The 38-year-old photographer and travel guide，谓语用单数。故填was searching。 （2025·上海黄浦·二模） If you find that shifting your focus brings you relief and your concerns don’t resurface down the road, that 7 (count) as working. You might say something regrettable at a party, for instance, but instead of worrying about it, you distract yourself by watching funny videos that night. 【答案】counts/is counted 7．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：如果你发现转移注意力能让你放松，而且之后担忧的事情也没有再浮现，那就说明这样做是有效的。由find可知，句子时态用一般现在时，sth. count as/sth. be counted as是固定短语，意为“某物可以算作/某物被认为是”，that作主语谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是counts/is counted。故填counts/is counted。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） They made it progressively harder, and discovered that the horses all changed their strategies in the most difficult stage 2 (ensure) they would continue getting treats. 【答案】to ensure 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们让游戏变得越来越难，并且发现马在最困难的阶段都改变了它们的策略，以确保它们能继续得到食物奖励。动词不定式短语作目的状语，说明马改变策略的目的是为了继续获得奖励。故填 to ensure。 （2025·上海浦东新·二模） These findings suggest that the process of writing allows you 4 (clarify) thoughts and “internalize” them, thus increasing the benefits. 【答案】to clarify 4．考查不定式。句意：这些发现表明，写作的过程能让你理清思绪并将其 “内化”，从而增加益处。“allow sb. to do sth.”允许某人做某事。故填 to clarify。 （2025·上海嘉定·二模） Reaching this ice-covered world was not easy. Many had tried before them, only 3 (force) back by terrible conditions. 【答案】to be forced 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在他们之前有许多人尝试过，结果却被恶劣的条件逼了回来。only 3 (force) back by terrible conditions” 是结果状语，“Many” 与 “force” 之间是被动关系，且表示出乎意料的结果，用 “only to be done” 结构，所以填 “to be forced”。故填 to be forced。 （2025·上海虹口·二模） In Denmark and the other countries I visited, 2 (not understand) every word around me became strangely comforting. There was a quiet peace in not having to process every conversation, not being subjected to endless chatter. 【答案】not understanding 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在丹麦和我去过的其他国家，听不懂周围的每一个字却奇怪地让人感到安慰。not understanding every word around me是动名词短语作主语，表示一种行为或状态。故填not understanding。 （2025·上海崇明·二模） The zoo’s director, Narongwit Chodchoi, said the additional earnings from Moo Deng will help the zoo’s 9 (breed) programs for many endangered animals, like the pygmy hippo, which is threatened by illegal hunting and loss of habitat. 【答案】breeding 9．考查形容词。句意：动物园园长纳隆威特·乔乔伊表示，Moo Deng带来的额外收入将帮助动物园开展许多濒危动物的繁殖计划，比如侏儒河马就面临着非法狩猎和栖息地丧失的威胁。空处需动名词作定语，修饰名词programs。故填breeding。 （2025·上海松江·二模） The latest research, which hundreds of participants took part in, involved 7 (measure) the amount of energy people consumed while walking on an exercise machine or climbing stairs. 【答案】measuring 7．考查非谓语。句意：这项最新研究有数百名参与者参与，测量了人们在健身器上行走或爬楼梯时消耗的能量。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语involve doing sth.，意为“涉及；包含”，应使用其动名词形式。故填measuring。 （2025·上海闵行·二模） Applications for the on-campus session from June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions 10 (start) from June 17, July 1, and July 15 are due: May 10. 【答案】starting 10．考查现在分词。句意：从6月17日、7月1日和7月15日开始的在家学习课程的申请截止日期为5月10日。此处作后置定语，修饰sessions，sessions和start是主动关系，用现在分词。故填starting。 （2025·上海静安·二模） ‌“It really works your legs and shoulders at the same time,” he said, 7 (add) that the sport burned more calories as well. 【答案】adding 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：“它真的能同时锻炼你的腿部和肩部，”他说，并补充说这项运动也能消耗更多的卡路里。“(add) that the sport burned more calories as well”作伴随状语，add(补充说)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填adding。 （2025·上海宝山·二模） The user provides a hint, like “cat swimming in a fish tank,” and the tool creates a video 2 (base) on everything it knows about cats, water, fish and the physics of how they might interact. 【答案】based 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：用户输入如“猫在鱼缸里游泳”的提示后，工具会基于其对猫、水、鱼类及物理交互的全部认知生成视频。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词base与句子的主语the tool之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词based作状语。故填based。 · 考点二：语法填空之无提示词 解题策略 1. 三大从句及特殊句式 三大从句是指名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从近几年高考语法填空题来看，几种从句都有涉及，尤以主语从句和同位语从句居多。形容词性从句就是定语从句，它包括限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句考查较多，尤其是which引导的非限制性定语从句。副词性从句就是状语从句，总计有九种。主要考查时间状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句。 2. 并列句：看两个句子间的逻辑关系来判断。如：并列、因果、选择、转折、对比。 3. 特殊句式主要有三种：强调句、倒装句和省略句，另外还有一些形式，也是特殊句式，如感叹句、祈使句。其中强调句、倒装句和感叹句在高考中是重点。 【考点诠释】 1）冠词 表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an，表示特指时用the。 2）介词 句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, … 3）代词 当句子缺主语、宾语或定语时，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语和同位语情况等) 主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s). 4）情态动词和助动词 若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。 5）从属连词 若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填从属连词。 强调句：It is...that... 定语从句: 关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why 名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 状语从句: 时间when, while, as, before, after, every/each time, as soon as, the moment/minute, hardly…when, no sooner…than, since, once, until； 地点where, wherever； 原因because, as, since, now that； 目的in order that, so that, in case, for fear that； 结果so that, so/such…that； 比较than, as…as, the more…the more…； 让步although, though, even if/though, while, as, no matter what/ who/when…, whatever…., whether…or； 方式as, as if/though； 条件if, unless, as long as… 6）并列连词 若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空，可能是填并列连词。 并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, yet, then, however, therefore, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but 7） 特殊句式 类型 句 式 考 查 重 点 强调句 It is / was ＋被强调部分＋that / who ... 对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。强调主语时要注意连接词与谓语的一致性。 强调句的特殊疑问句结构:疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋句子其他部分? 强调谓语动词 用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 与三大从句的区别 1.强调句去掉It is/was和that 之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能。 2.强调句中that没有意义，且不作任何成分，而定语从句中that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 3.强调句去掉It is/was和that后，结构仍然完整，而It is ...when ...中，it指代时间。 倒装句 部分倒装 1.表示否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/ scarcely ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ..., not ...until ..., nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。 2.“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装。 3.so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 4.表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so 表示肯定意义，neither/nor 表示否定意义)。 5.在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。 完全倒装 1.here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装语序。 2.有时为平衡句子结构或突出强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。 省略句 状语从句的省略 在时间、让步、方式、条件、地点等状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且状语从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。 动词不定式的省略 感官动词后的宾补，常省略to；在形容词(glad, happy, pleased, delighted, anxious等)后作状语时，to后的内容常承前省略。 常用的与if相关的省略结构 If从句中是it is结构，可以省略it is。如：if ever, if busy, if possible, if so, if not, if necessary 感叹句 what引导的感叹句 1.What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语! 2.What＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语! how引导的感叹句 1.How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语! 2. How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语! （2025·上海嘉定·二模） Among them was Matthew Henson, an experienced explorer 1 skills had been vital to their success. 【答案】whose 1．考查关系代词。句意：在他们当中有 Matthew Henson，一位经验丰富的探险家，他的技能对他们的成功至关重要。“ 1 skills had been vital to their success” 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 “Matthew Henson”，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰 “skills”，表示 “他的技能”，所以用关系代词 “whose”。故填 whose。 （2025·上海松江·二模） According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, 2 led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as 【答案】who 2．考查定语从句。句意：这项研究的负责人、米兰大学教授弗朗西斯科·卢西亚诺博士表示，主要的信息应该是，短暂的体育活动，比如站起来泡杯茶，会对你燃烧的卡路里数量产生惊人的巨大影响。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词Dr Francesco Luciano指人，且从句中缺少主语，因此使用关系代词who在从句中作主语。故填who。 （2025·上海杨浦·二模） In addition to his love for abstract art, Pininski also had another reason 6 accounted for his motivation to build such a unique subway entrance. 【答案】that/which 6．考查定语从句。句意：除了对抽象艺术的热爱之外，Pininski打造这样一个独特的地铁站入口还有另外 一个原因。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为reason，指物，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） Horses are capable of strategic thinking and planning ahead, a new study has found. Researchers at Nottingham Trent University made a game for horses 1 they had to touch a piece of card with their noses to get a treat. 【答案】where 1．考查定语从句。句意：诺丁汉特伦特大学的研究人员为马设计了一个游戏，在这个游戏中它们必须用鼻子触碰一张卡片才能得到食物奖励。“a game for horses” 是先行词，设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词。从句 “they had to touch a piece of card with their noses to get a treat” 结构完整，缺少表示地点的状语，即 “在这个游戏里”，where 在定语从句中作地点状语，符合语境。故填 where。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模） She seeks out places with undisturbed darkness, far from towns and cities, 4 she can see the Milky Way. 【答案】where 4．考查定语从句。句意：她寻找远离城镇、黑暗不受干扰的地方，在那里她可以看到银河。此处非限制性定语从句修饰先行词places，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 （2025·上海闵行·二模） ...a program created and run by Boston University, ____ high school students... 答案：where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：这是波士顿大学为高中生创建和运营的项目……。先行词为 “program”，从句缺地点状语 “在项目中”，用 where 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰抽象地点。 （2025·上海青浦·一模） This is the house , my grandfather lived for over 60 years. 【答案】in which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是我祖父住了60多年的房子。“house”是先行词，表示地点，且从句中缺少地点状语。介词“in”表示“在……里面”，关系代词“which”指代先行词“house”，引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，符合语境。故填“in which”。 （2025·上海杨浦·一模） The reason , he was late for school was that he missed the bus. 【答案】for which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他上学迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。“reason”是先行词，表示原因。固定短语“the reason for...”表示“……的原因”，介词“for”与“reason”搭配，关系代词“which”指代先行词“reason”，引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，符合语境。故填“for which”。 （2025·上海普陀·二模） The girl you just talked is my sister. 【答案】with whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你刚才和那个女孩说话的是我妹妹。“girl”是先行词，表示人。介词“with”表示“和……一起”，关系代词“whom”指代先行词“girl”，引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，符合语境。故填“with whom”。 （2025·上海浦东新·二模） They concluded that expressive writing might be an effective tool to address negative emotions and 2 writing about a past failure could improve learning. 【答案】that 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他们得出结论，表达性写作可能是处理负面情绪的有效工具，并且写下过去的失败可以促进学习。前文“that”引导的第一个宾语从句是“expressive writing might be an effective tool to address negative emotions”，第二个宾语从句，从句结构和句意完整，连接词为that。故填 that。 （2025·上海崇明·二模） During that time, the hippo has received widespread attention on social media. Fans of the animal have expressed 3 they enjoy watching the pink-cheeked baby actively interact with her mother and other zoo workers. 【答案】how/that 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：这只动物的粉丝们表示，他们非常喜欢看这只脸颊粉嫩的宝宝与她的妈妈和其他动物园工作人员积极互动。空处引导宾语从句，结构完整，意思也完整，所以可以用连接词that引导；也可以用how，表示“他们是多么喜欢看……”，强调喜欢的程度，故填how/that。 （2025·上海黄浦·二模 How can you figure out whether to avoid or to face up to your feelings? Dr. Kross, an emotion researcher, suggested asking yourself, “Is ______ I’m doing making me feel better about the problem in front of me? ....” 【答案】what 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：情绪研究者克罗斯博士建议问自己：“我正在做的事情是否让我对眼前的问题感觉更好？”“I’m doing”是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，句子表示“我正在做的事情”，因此用关系代词what引导主语从句，故填what。 （2025・上海金山・一模） To deal with the problem _______drivers may fall asleep halfway in traffic jams during peak travel hours, wake-up call services from drones have been introduced. 答案 ：that 解析 ：that 引导的同位语从句，对 “problem” 进行解释说明，作 “deal with” 的宾语，that 不作成分但不能省略。 · 考点三：语法填空之两个空和三个空的填法 两空常填连词 表原因：now that 表时间：every time/ the moment 表让步：even if / even though 表方式：as if / as though 表目的：so that / in case 表结果：so that 定语从句：介词 + which 表除了：except that 表疑问：how much (many/long/often/soon) 三空常填连词 表目的：in order that / for fear that 表时间：as soon as 表条件：as/so long as / on condition that 表让步：no matter how + adj./ no matter what (+ n.) 另：as far as (as far as I know, as far as I’m concerned) 两空常填介词 表原因：because of/ due to/ owing to/thanks to 表让步：regardless of 表相反：instead of/ rather than 表除了：except for / other than/apart from 表根据/例举：according to / such as 三空常填介词 表让步：in spite of 表并列：as well as 表除了：in addition to 表目的：in order to 两空常填情态动词 have to / had better / ought to / may/might (as) well （2025年杨浦一模） As Streit has emphasized, the club is for everyone and now it is organized regularly _____10____ ________ those who are shy can seek a balance of privacy and socialization. 【答案】 10. so that 考查状语从句。句意：正如斯特雷特所强调的，这个俱乐部是为每个人服务的，现在它定期组织活动，以便那些害羞的人可以在隐私和社交之间找到平衡。空处引导状语从句，根据句意，应是so that意为“以便”引导结果状语从句。故填so that。 （2025年金山一模） ____10____ ________ ________the future holds for frybread, it will always stand as proof to the adaptability of those native communities. As an enduring food, frybread has demonstrated its lasting significance. 【答案】 10. No matter what 考查让步状语从句。句意：不管油炸面包的未来如何，它将永远是这些土著社区适应能力的证明。逗号的前后句之间是让步关系，空处引导让步状语从句，holds缺少宾语，宾语指物，不含选择范围，因此no matter what来引导，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填No matter what。 （2025年黄浦区一模） The story is actually an old tale that first originated in the Huainanzi, an ancient Chinese text ___8___ (date) back to 139 BC, and it reminds people that we have no control or no real way of knowing whether events that happen to us ___9___ (be) “good” or “bad”. ____10____ ______ _______we are open to change and trust that things will work out for the best, we are sure to make it. 【答案】 10. As long as 考查状语从句。句意：只要我们愿意接受变化，并相信事情会朝着最好的方向发展，我们就一定能够成功。空处为状语从句的引导词，用“as long as”引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填As long as。 （2025年青浦一模） (5) ______ ______ bringing up unnecessary anxiety, the research assumes that peeling can effectively wipe out nearly all pesticide left. This contrasts with the practice of washing, which (6) ______ (recommend) frequently. As the report says, “traditional fruit-cleaning operations cannot wholly remove pesticides,” but “considering that the flesh layer lost during peeling was a great deal (7) ______ (large) than 0.03mm, we believe that the peeling operation can effectively avoid the dangers of pesticides in the fruit’s skin (8) ______ ______ the probability of taking in pesticides can be reduced.” 5. Rather than/ Instead of 8. so that 【5 题详解】 考查短语。句意：这项研究并没有引起不必要的焦虑，而是假设去皮可以有效去除几乎所有残留的农药。根据语境可知，此处表示 “而不是，并非”，可用 “Rather than/ Instead of”，故填 “Rather than/ Instead of”。 【8 题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：考虑到去皮过程中损失的果肉层比 0.03 毫米大得多，我们认为去皮操作可以有效避免水果皮中农药的危害，这样摄入农药的概率就可以降低。根据语境可知，此处引导目的状语从句，表示 “以便，为了”，应用 “so that”，故填 “so that”。 （2025·上海浦东新·二模） Last year, brain researchers demonstrated that writing by hand 3 _______typing with a keyboard promoted more complex brain connectivity, which was crucial for memory formation. 【答案】3．instead of/rather than 3．考查介词短语。句意：去年，大脑研究人员证明，手写而不是用键盘打字能促进更复杂的大脑连接，这对记忆形成至关重要。这里是在对比手写和打字对大脑连接的不同作用，强调手写的优势，所以用 “instead of” 或 “rather than” 连接，故填 instead of/rather than。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模） “Part of the 2,334 square kilometer reserve’s commitment to the preservation of the night sky involves careful lighting design, such as ensuring 8 , if possible, lights are equipped with shades to minimize light pollution. Specifically, these shades are designed to direct the light down 9 _________up.” 【答案】9．rather than 9．考查固定短语。句意：具体来说，这些阴影的设计是为了引导光线向下而不是向上。表示“而不是”短语为rather than，说明光线引导的方向，即“向下而不是向上”。故填rather than。 （2025·上海青浦·二模） In workplaces, those in a high social position often increase the influence of certain voices. A boss’s suggestion, however misguided, can feel like an instruction 3 _____ a choice. Research shows that people are more likely to follow advice when it comes from someone they perceive as an expert, ______ __4___ the advice isn’t consistent with their own judgment. 【答案】 3．rather than/instead of 4．even if/even though 3．考查介词短语。句意：老板的建议，即使被误导，也可能感觉像是一个指示而不是一个选择。根据前文“A boss’s suggestion, however misguided, can feel like an instruction”可知，此处应填表示“而不是”的介词短语，故填rather than/instead of。 4．考查让步状语从句。句意：研究表明，即使建议与他们自己的判断不一致，人们也更有可能听从他们认为是专家的人的建议。空处引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，故填even if/even though。 （2025·上海金山·二模） He adds that stand-up comedy is easy to start because it doesn’t require special skills. Anyone, ____________ 6 age or gender, can try it. This makes it widely appealing in China. 【答案】 6．regardless of 6．考查介词短语。句意：任何人，无论年龄和性别，都可以尝试。根据语境，这里表示“无论”年龄和性别，用介词短语regardless of。故填regardless of。 实战训练 一、单句语法填空 1．Machine learning is now capable of far, far (complex) tasks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more complex 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：机器学习现在能够完成极其复杂的任务。根据“tasks”可知需要用形容词来修饰名词，根据上文的far以及句意可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填more complex。 2．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most wonderful 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：坦率地说，怀特先生的讲座是我所听过的最精彩的讲座。根据所给句子中“I have ever attended”可知，此句表示“我听过的最精彩的讲座”即一定范围内的最高级形式。“wonderful”是多音词形容词，因此最高级形式需在前加“the most”，即“the most wonderful”，故填the most wonderful。 3．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most attractive 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：比赛要求被选中的笑者面对面，观众决定谁笑得最吸引人。分析句子含义可知，本句表示“在此比赛中谁的笑容最迷人”，所以需要形容词最高级形式。故填the most attractive。 4．If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with (little) money and (few) people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 less fewer 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：如果我们按照他的计划，我们可以用更少的钱和更少的人把工作做得更好。分析句子结构可知，结合空前better可推知，空处应用比较级与此对应，根据句意，所以空处应依次填less，修饰不可数名词money；fewer修饰people。故填①less；②fewer。 5．Another study, conducted by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】less likely 【详解】考查形容词和固定搭配。句意：另一项由哥伦比亚大学国家成瘾和药物滥用中心进行的研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或更多的孩子不太可能出现毒品和酒精问题。结合句意空处应填less likely，be less likely to do sth.意为“不太可能做某事”，固定搭配。故填less likely。 6．Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged, Fan Zhongyan is (influence) in my opinion. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在被广泛认可的中国历史人物中，我认为范仲淹是最有影响力的。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，influence的形容词形式是influential，根据句意，表达“最有影响力的”之意，应用最高级。故填the most influential。 7．The students were even (confused) but started the test by then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more confused 【详解】考查比较级。句意：学生们更加困惑，但在那时开始了测试。根据句意以及“even”可知，空处填比较级more confused作表语。故填more confused。 8．The whole family could not be (happy) to be together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】happier 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意: 全家人聚在一起是再幸福不过的事了。句中使用固定搭配“否定词not + 形容词比较级”表示最高级的含义，因此填比较级形式happier。故填happier。 9．The more exposed young people are to financial issues, the (likely) they are to become responsible. 【答案】more likely 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：年轻人越多地面临经济问题，就越可能变得负责任。此处考查固定句型，the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…“越……越……”，故填more likely。 10．World War II, the (deadly) human conflict of all time, had shattered  people’s lives everywhere. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】deadliest 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：第二次世界大战是有史以来最致命的人类冲突，摧毁了各地人民的生活。根据句意及空前的the可知，这里应用形容词的最高级。故填deadliest。 11．As they sailed, the navigators took compass readings, (keep) logs of their voyages and charted the coast. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】kept 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：航行时，航海家们记录罗盘读数，记录航行日志，绘制海岸地图。took，空处与charted为并列谓语动词，空处用动词过去式kept。故填kept。 12．He is the only one of the students who (be) a winner of scholarship for three years. 【答案】has been 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是学生中唯一一个获得三年奖学金的人。先行词为the only one，关系代词代替先行词在从句中做主语，所以谓语动词应该用单数。再根据时间状语for three years可知应该用现在完成时，故填has been。 13．As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine how people (respond) when they heard it for the first time.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】would respond 【详解】考查时态。句意：当贝多芬自豪地在页面底部签名时，他试图想象人们第一次听到这个名字时会有什么反应。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，主语people与respond为主动关系，再由tried to imagine可知，这里时态应用过去将来时，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。故填would respond。 14．Larry’s parents made up their mind that they (buy) a new house once their little daughter changed her job. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would buy 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：拉里的父母下定决心，一旦小女儿换了工作，他们就买一所新房子。空处为从句谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作，应使用过去将来时。故填would buy。 15．When Alice came to herself, she did not know how long she (lie) there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been lying 【详解】考查时态。句意：当爱丽丝苏醒过来时，她不知道自己在那里躺了多久。结合语境以及“she did”应用过去完成进行时表示说话之前的行为一直在进行，且动作对过去产生的影响。故填had been lying。 16．Jeremy, who （concentrate）on his food, looked up at the mention of the word cash. （用所给单词适当形式填空） 【答案】had been concentrating 【详解】考查时态。句意：一直专注于吃东西的Jeremy一听到“钱”这个字就抬起头来。“concentrate”这一动作发生在“looked up”之前并且还在进行，应该用过去完成进行时。故填had been concentrating。 17．By the time you come here, you (experience) our traditional Chinese culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have experienced 【详解】考查将来完成时。句意：当你来到这里时，你将体验到我们的中国传统文化。根据“By the time you come here”可知，此处应用将来完成时。动词experience意为“体验”。故填will have experienced。 18．Is it likely that the scientists (discover) a cure for cancer by the year 2040? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have discovered 【详解】考查动词。句意：科学家们有可能在2040年之前找到治疗癌症的方法吗？分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。句中的by the year 2040意为“截止到2040年”，为将来完成时的时间标志即表示科学家们在将来某一时间以前已经发现。故填will have discovered。 19．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】is regarded 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：如今，骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最好的全方位运动形式之一。本句描述客观事实，动词regard和主语之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语动词与主语cycling保持一致，应该用单数形式。故填is regarded。 20．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been canceled/ had been cancelled 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据说飞往纽约的航班因大雾天气而取消了。空处应填从句谓语动词的形式，从句动作发生在主句动作之前且flight与cancel之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been canceled/cancelled。 21．Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be developed 【详解】考查一般将来时和被动语态。句意：在接下来几年，适合家用的设施将会被研发。根据句意可知这里缺少谓语动词，时间状语“in the following years”说明是一般将来时，主语“facilities”和谓语动词“develop”之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故填will be developed。 22．People (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been influenced 【详解】考查时态。句意：人们已经被影响而对科技上瘾。一项调查报告称，“上瘾”是人们最常使用的词，用来描述他们与iPad和类似设备的关系。分析句子，设空处作谓语，句子表述动作发生在过去，对现在有影响故使用现在完成时。同时people和influence之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时被动语态，people(人们)作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填have been influenced。 23．At the very cafes customers can ask whether there are any suspended coffees available, and if so, they (supply) with a beverage, thanks to the kindness of a stranger. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are supplied/will be supplied 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：正是在这些咖啡馆里，顾客可以问是否有待用咖啡，如果有，他们会被提供一杯饮料，这要感谢一个陌生人的好意。空前的主语they指代customers，和谓语动词supply之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，此处可使用一般现在时或一般将来时，主语they是复数人称代词，故填are supplied或will be supplied。 24．S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees   (hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were hired 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：今年夏天早些时候，90名员工被雇佣守卫其大门并检查收据。hire与主语 employees 为被动关系，故用被动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were hired。 25．The females: never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (deposit) in the warm sand. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were deposited 【详解】考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：雌鸟:再也不会到巢里去照顾在温暖的沙子里孵化的蛋了。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示过去发生的动作，故使用一般过去时。同时that指代前文的eggs,其与deposit之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were deposited。 26．Over the Huangpu River (build) four grand bridges in Shanghai so far. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】have been built 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，在黄浦江上四座大桥已经被建成。根据so far（到目前为止）可知空格处要用现在完成时，本句是将表示方位的介词短语置于句首而形成的倒装句。由于build与主语four grand bridges 是被动关系，因此要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been built。 27．Nowadays, cell phones have features such as games, music and calendars and more new functions (add)．（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】are being added 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：如今，手机已经具备了游戏、音乐和日历等功能，而且还添加了更多的新功能 。表示动作正在进行，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为functions，谓语用复数。故填are being added。 28．He went home in a hurry,never once looking back to see if he (follow). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】was being followed 【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：他匆匆回家，一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。此处主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且表示过去某个时刻动作正在进行，应使用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为he，谓语动词用单数。故填was being followed。 29．When clicking on links to dangerous websites or software, you may （fool） into providing personal information such as passwords, usernames or financial details. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be fooled 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：当点击危险网站或软件的链接时，您可能会被愚弄，提供密码、用户名或财务详细信息等个人信息。may后接动词原形。主语you和动词fool之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填be fooled。 30．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the following two years. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】would be carried 【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：我上个月被派到这个村子去看看未来两年的发展计划将如何实施。根据句意可知，此处描述的是去过将要发生的事情，应用过去将来时，plan与carry是被动关系，应用过去将来时的被动语态。故填would be carried。 31．You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) by running. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能会喝酒、抽烟、超重，但仍然可以通过跑步来降低死亡的风险。空处应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语，故填dying。 32．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】spent 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词remembers，所以spend用非谓语形式，pend和happy time是被动关系，这里用过去分词做后置定语，修饰happy time。故填spent。 33．Listening to music at home is one thing, and going to hear it (perform) live is quite another. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】being performed 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏又是另一回事。hear sb./sth. doing sth.听到某人/某物正在做某事。又因为音乐和演奏之间是被动关系，故用现在分词的被动形式being done。故填being performed。 34．On their return, the father asked his son (explain) what he had learnt. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to explain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们一回来，父亲就要求他的儿子解释他学到了什么。ask sb. to do sth.“请某人做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语，故填to explain。 35．He repeated the question in an even sterner tone, “Where is God!!?” Again the boy made no attempt (answer). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to answer 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他用更严厉的语气重复了这个问题，“上帝在哪里！！？”男孩再次没有试图回答。make no attempt to do sth“没有试图做某事”固定短语。故填to answer。 36．It is the most urgent threat (face) our entire species, and we need to work collectively together and stop procrastinating（拖延）. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】facing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：气候变化是我们所有生物所面临的最严峻的考验，我们需要通力合作，刻不容缓。分析句子可知，“(face) our entire species”作后置定语，修饰threat，threat与face之间是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故填facing。 37．At the 2016 Oscar ceremony, DiCaprio’s (win) the award for Best Actor impressed all the audience present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】winning 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在2016年奥斯卡颁奖典礼上，迪卡普里奥获得最佳男主角奖，所有在场的观众都印象深刻。结合句意及空前的DiCaprio’s可知,空处应填动名词的形式，此处为动名词的复合结构，作主语。故填winning。 38．Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to (eat) too many calories from foods that have low nutritional value. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】eating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人发现情绪会刺激他们在不饿的时候吃东西，这往往会导致他们从营养价值低的食物中摄入太多卡路里。固定搭配lead to“导致”，to是介词，后接动名词。故填eating。 39． (not do) anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Not having done 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我以前没有做过这样的事情，不知道会得到什么样的反应。根据句子结构可知，此处考查非谓语动词，do与逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，应用现在分词；根据前半句的时间状语before，表明非谓语动词发生在主句谓语动作之前，应用现在分词的完成式。设空处在句首，单词首字母要大写。故填Not having done。 40．Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being forced 【详解】考查动名词。句意：当然，在家进行循环利用是非常重要的。然而，被迫回收利用通常意味着我们已经有了比我们需要的更多的材料。分析可知，设空处为主语，应用动名词形式，根据上下文意思可知是被迫的意思，所以用动名词的被动结构，故填being forced。 41．It’s the same today.  If students have the right resources (explore) ideas for themselves, many people can “teach” – including carers and parents during a pandemic (流行病). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to explore 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：今天是一样的。如果学生们有合适的资源来探索自己的想法，许多人可以进行“教学”的工作——包括在大流行期间的护理人员和家长。根据句意可知，空格处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰前面名词。故填to explore。 42．There are some ways to untie the mess we’re creating in the world’s oceans, including (expand) our idea of seafood to include jellyfish. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】expanding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有一些方法可以解开我们在世界海洋中制造的混乱，包括扩大我们对海产品的认识，包括水母。including“包括……在内”为介词，介词要接名词或动名词作宾语，所以应填expand的动名词。故填expanding。 43．In the Greek city of Thessaloniki, the transport ministry installed mini libraries at bus stops (allow) passengers to read as they wait for the bus, or borrow and read on their journey to be returned at a later date. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to allow 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在希腊城市塞萨洛尼基，交通运输部在公交车站安装了迷你图书馆，让乘客在等车时阅读，或者在旅途中借阅并在晚些时候归还。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处表示在公交车站安装了迷你图书馆的目的，应用动词不定式to do表目的，作目的状语。故填to allow。 44．Whatever you define success, remember, we are born to live the lives we truly want and deserve, but not just the lives (settle) for us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】settled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论你如何定义成功，请记住，我们生来要过我们真正想要和应得的生活，而不仅仅是为我们设定的生活。分析句子结构可知，动词settle在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语lives构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词，表示被动，作定语。故填settled。 45．Photos of various tree leaves packaged in plastic bags and arranged as flower bouquets went hot on social media lately, (cause) complaints because of the product’s price, six British pounds. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】causing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，用塑料袋包装成花束的各种树叶的照片在社交媒体上走红，因该产品的售价为6英镑而引发投诉。分析句子结构可知，动词cause在句中应用非谓语动词形式，逗号后表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填causing。 46．On the back of a motorcycle, (place) all your trust in someone to get you safely home is a way to remind you of the love they have for you. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】placing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在摩托车后座，把信任给安全带你回家的人，这是一种提醒你他们爱你的方式。此处缺少主语，应用动名词做主语，故填placing。 47． (fill) with nervous energy, I held on tightly to my cousin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Filled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：满是紧张，我紧紧地抓住我的堂兄。固定搭配be filled with“充满”，再根据句子结构可知，此空是非谓语动词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Filled。 48．Geography, (define) as the study of Earth, has always had a focus on maps. But mapping hasn’t always been easy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】defined 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地理学被定义为对地球的研究，一直专注于地图。但绘制地图并不总是那么容易。分析句子可知谓语动词为has had，所以define应使用非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知define和逻辑主语Geography之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词Geography。结合介词as可知此处是固定搭配defined as 表示“被定义为”。故填defined。 49．With spring (approach), many cold-blooded animals are coming out for food. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】approaching 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：随着春天的临近，许多冷血动物都出来觅食了。此处为“with +宾语+宾补”结构，approach与宾语spring之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式作宾补。故填approaching。 50．The ageing of China’s population is becoming increasing evident, with the number of people aged 60 or above (expect) to reach 300 million by 2025. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】expected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人口老龄化日益明显，到2025年，60岁及以上的人口预计将达到3亿。分析句子结构可知，此处应为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，所以此处非谓语动词作宾补，expect与逻辑主语the number of people aged 60 or above之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填expected。 51．The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：大约在下午两点传来通知说会议将被延期。notice为抽象名词，that引导的同位语从句对notice的内容解释说明。 由于此题中同位语从句与其先行词被谓语及时间状语隔开，易误理解为定语从句。故填that。 52．It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang onto hopes. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：对那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能，这是常有的事。分析句子结构可知， it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。从句中不缺成分，句意完整，用连词that引导主语从句。故填that。 53． matters that week is that everyone is having a great time. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：重要的是那一周每个人都玩得很开心。分析句子可知，空格处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，用连接代词what，故填What。 54．However, getting advice from cares about you can impact your life in great ways. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whoever 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：然而，从任何关心你的人那里得到建议可以对你的生活产生巨大的影响。设空处连接宾语从句，在从句中做主语，并且意为“无论谁”，故填whoever。 55．But there are things we can do that machines can’t do. machines have made very little progress is in dealing with novel situations. They can’t handle things they haven’t seen many times before.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】Where 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：但是有些事情我们可以做，而机器做不到。机器在处理新情况方面进展甚微。他们无法处理以前多次未见过的事情。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，结合句意可知，此处缺少表示地点的连接词。故填Where。 56．At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the change to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly more and more parents make use of child care at this time. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：在三岁或三岁半的时候，几乎所有的孩子都觉得换托儿所很容易，这无疑是为什么越来越多的父母在这个时候使用育儿服务。分析句子结构，空处引导表语从句，结合语意，空处应用why引导从句，构成this is why，表示“这就是为什么”，符合题意。故填why。 57．Richard swims three times a week after work.This is he keeps fit. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】how 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：理查德每周下班后游泳三次。这就是他保持健康的方式。分析句子结构可知，“____he keeps fit”为表语从句，表语从句中缺少方式状语。故填how。 58．“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is my mother used to tell me. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：“每次吃甜食，就喝绿茶。”这是我妈妈以前对我说的。分析可知，is后是表语从句；从句中的动词tell后跟双宾语，所以引导词既起引导作用又要作从句的宾语，且指代事物，故由连接词what引导。故答案为what。 59．In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1961 年联合国决定建立世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，且设空处在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，应该用关系代词whose引导。故填 whose。 60．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将把公园里的野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一些。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为next week，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 61．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry, none of has been proved. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们已经提出了很多关于人类为什么会哭的理论，但没有一个得到证实。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many theories，关系词指代先行词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 62．Office workers tried to put out the fire, it was impossible to control it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】but 【详解】考查连词。句意：办公室工作人员试图扑灭大火，但无法控制火势。由“tried to put out the fire”和“it was impossible to control it”可知，句子表示“办公室工作人员试图扑灭大火，但无法控制火势”，前后句子是转折关系，空格处用but表转折，故填but。 63．Drug abuse has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意：毒品滥用对个人的身心影响严重，造成的经济损失巨大。根据句意可知，前后句子是并列关系，空格处用and表并列，故填and。 64．The house, door often stays open until late at night，works as a home for the guards，some of are from the countryside.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】 whose whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：晚上那间房门通常关的很晚的房子是给其中有部分是来自农村的门卫们的。第一个空此处为定语从句修饰先行词house，先行词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose引导。第二个空也是定语从句，先行词guards，指人，在定语从句中作介词的宾语，用whom引导，故填whose；whom。 65．But those numbers, impressive they seem, may be beside the point. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：但这些数字虽然看起来令人印象深刻，但可能无关紧要。分析句意及句子结构可知，此处引导让步状语从句，句子使用了倒装结构，应用as或though引导，常见结构为“名词/形容词/副词+as/though+主语+谓语”。故填as或though。 66．The little boy wouldn’t leave the shop he bought what he wanted. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】until 【详解】考查连词。句意：这个小男孩直到买了他想要的东西才离开商店。not…until…“直到……才……”是固定句型，符合句意，故用until引导时间状语从句。故填until。 67．As a matter of fact, I began playing football I was only eight years old, and I have been good at it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：事实上，我八岁的时候就开始踢足球了，而且一直踢得很好。由句意可知空处应填引导词when，引导时间状语从句。故填when。 68． my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, something fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】While/When/As 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：在我的兄弟姐妹和我在成长的过程中，我总是感觉到我的生活中缺少了一些东西，一些关于我身份的基本东西，我是谁，我来自哪里。分析可知，设空处引导的时间状语从句，可以用While/When/As连接，故填While/When/As。 69．People in Dali are very friendly and honest to you you are a foreigner or just a local. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：大理的人对你友好而真诚，无论你是外国人还是当地居民。whether...or...表示“无论是……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。故填whether。 70．The classical book is still worth it it doesn’t sell well. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 even if/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：即使卖得不好，这本经典著作也值得一读。结合句意可知，此处用even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使，虽然”。故填①even②if/though。 71．Not only the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：作者不仅与研究文化和群体行为的人交谈，还与动物园管理员等动物专家交谈。分析句子结构可知，否定词位于句首句子使用部分倒装，即将助动词、系动词或者情态动词置于主语之前，根据下文中的talked可知，空格所在的句子使用的是一般过去时态，一般过去时态的助动词 为did，将其置于主语之前，原来的谓语动词变为动词原形speak。故填did。 72．After the wars, the Indians were driven to the west of the country. Not until 1924 they gain the right to vote. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查部分倒装和时态。句意：战争结束后，印第安人被驱赶到该国西部。直到1924年，他们才获得投票权。分析句意可知，词组not until“直到……才”引导的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应该使用部 分倒装，而此句描述事实已发生，故使用一般过去时，即空格处需要填写的为提前的助动词did。故填did。 73．It was in the street I met an old classmate of mine the other day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句句型。句意：前几天我正是在街上遇见了我的一个老同学。结合句意，表示“正是在街上（不是在其他地方）”，可知考查强调句型It is/was…that/who…，强调地点状语in the street，用that。故填that。 74．Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意:在他们听说她的感人的故事之后，每个人都被感动得难以言表。空格处在句中充当程度状语，beyond words为固定短语，意为“难以言表”。故填beyond。 75．Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】against 【详解】考查介词。句意：吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树快速地入睡了。结合句意，表示“倚靠着”为介词against。故填against。 76． all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Despite 【详解】考查介词。句意：然而，尽管有这些可怕的事实，一些自然资源保护主义者表示仍有希望。介词despite (尽管)表让步，首字母大写。故填Despite。 77．It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot easy reach. 【答案】within 【详解】考查介词。句意：把你经常使用的东西放在易于触及的地方可以节省厨房的时间。结合语意，空处应用介词within，表示“在……之内”，within easy reach表示“易于触及”，符合句意。故填within。 78．People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had power opened their homes to who had none. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】those 【详解】考查代词。句意：那些还有电的人会向那些没有电的人敞开家门。根据下文的“who had none”可知，指的是没有电的那些人，用代词those。故填those。 79．The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：医生强烈建议薇拉去度假，但没有用。此处指上文去度假这件事没有用，应用代词it。故填it。 80．Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from of the approaches. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】both 【详解】考查代词。句意：我们不必二选一，两种方法都能让我们受益。分析句意可知，题干中出现了one，the other可以推测此题应该会考查关于两者之间的一些代词：either, both等。后面又出现of和复数名词approaches，可以确定填入both表示“两者都”符合语境。故填both。 81．The difference between a man who succeeds and who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】one 【详解】考查代词。句意：一个成功的人和一个不成功的人之间的区别只在于他们对待机会的方式。空处泛指前面的a man，用代词one代指。故填one。 82．But grocery store bread stay fresh during long shipping and storage times. So companies often put a chemical preservative in it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：但是食品杂货店的面包必须在漫长的运输和贮存期间保持新鲜度。分析句子结构可知，bread是句子的主语且是单数形式，而空格后动词stay用了动词原形。换言之，空格要填上一个词使得stay保持形式不变，考虑情态动词。再分析句意，长时间的运输和贮存肯定会使面包失去新鲜度，因此就得想办法让它保持新鲜。must语气最强烈。故填must。 83．How we respond to them, however, is up to us. We react to them like evils of selfishness or like heroes of love. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们可以像自私的恶魔或有爱的英雄那样对待他们。根据上文的“How we respond to them, however, is up to us.”可知，这里指的是我们可以采取的方式，表示“可以、能够”用情态动词can。故填can。 84．When performing challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：佩勒姆建议，在进行一项具有挑战性的脑力任务时，要在安静中进行。task为可数名词，此处为泛指，且challenging是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 85．My six-month stay on a space station has come to end, and it has been a challenging but magical adventure. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：我在空间站的6个月已经结束了，这是一次充满挑战但又神奇的冒险。此处为固定短语come to an end意为“结束”符合句意，所以此处应为不定冠词an。故填an。 86．Set in 1960s, it's not surprising that the family has to deal with lots of social changes. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：背景设定在20世纪60年代，这一家人不得不应对许多社会变化，这不足为奇。in the 1960s意为“在20世纪60年代”。故填the。 87．When my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】something 【详解】考查不定代词。句意：在我和我的兄弟姐妹成长的过程中，我总是感觉到我的生活中缺少了一些东西，一些对我的身份、我是谁、我来自哪里至关重要的东西。结合句意可知，空处应填不定代词something，作同位语，对前文的something进行解释说明。故填something。 88．In order to keep team members positive and motivated, the team leader needs to show these qualities. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】himself 【详解】考查代词。句意：为了保持团队成员积极主动，团队领导本人应展示出这些品质。根据句意，应填入反身代词，故填himself 。 89．Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】may/might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：握手最初可能是一种古老的习俗，用来向陌生人展示你手中没有武器。分析句子结构可知，本句中主语为动名词Handshaking，为单数，而谓语动词是have started，且have是用的原形；结合句意，此处表达一种猜测，所以应该用情态动词may/might have done表示“有可能”。故填may或might。 90．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She not have spoken at the meeting. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】could 【详解】 考查情态动词。句意：今天早上我在会议室没看到她。她不可能在会上发言。根据句意以及前面一句中didn’t see可知，此处为couldn’t have done sth.表示对过去情况进行推测，意为“过去不可能发生某情况”。故填could。 二、名校新题 Passage 01 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试卷 New way of detecting oxygen on exoplanets could help find life The search for oxygen on other planets outside of our solar system, called exoplanets, is thought to be an aid in the search for life outside of Earth. Now, astronomers 1 (develop) a new method for detecting oxygen on exoplanets, according to a new study published Monday. The scientists believe their new method could speed up the search for life by making 2 easier to tell if individual exoplanets could host life on their surfaces by looking at their atmospheres. For example, if an alien species was searching for life outside of their planet, one of the ways they 3 tell Earth hosted life is because of the presence of biosignatures, such as oxygen. Individual organisms like plants on Earth produce oxygen 4 photosynthesis. The new method will rely on detecting the strong signal 5 (create) when oxygen molecules collide in the atmospheres of exoplanets. The method will be used by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, 6 will be able to peer into the atmospheres of exoplanets and search for this signal. The telescope will launch later and take a closer look at mysterious exoplanet targets already identified by previous planet-hunting missions such as NASA’s Kepler and TESS. This unique signal produced by oxygen molecule collisions could actually help astronomers decide 7 the planet hosts life or not. Once this determination 8 (make), they can quickly move on in the search. “Before our work, oxygen at similar levels as on Earth was thought 9 (be) undetectable with Webb,” said Thomas Fauchez, lead study author at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. “This oxygen signal is known since the early 1980s from Earth’s atmospheric studies but has never been studied for exoplanet research.” The collision of the oxygen molecules is key 10 they block infrared (红外线的) light from the telescope, creating patterns in the spectrum (光谱) that help determine the composition of the atmosphere. To create their method, the researchers calculated the amount of light expected to be blocked out by the collisions. 【答案】 1．have developed/are developing 2．it 3．could 4．through 5．created 6．which 7．whether 8．is made 9．to be 10．because/as/since 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了天文学家开发出一种新方法检测系外行星氧气以助力寻找外星生命。 1．考查时态。句意：据周一发表的一项新研究，现在，天文学家已经开发出一种在系外行星上探测氧气的新方法。或者句意：据周一发表的一项新研究，现在，天文学家正在开发一种在系外行星上探测氧气的新方法。此处强调develop“开发”这一动作已经完成，时态用现在完成时，主语astronomers是复数，助动词用have。或者强调develop这一动作正在进行，时态用现在进行时，be动词用are。故填have developed或are developing。 2．考查it作形式宾语。句意：科学家们认为，他们的新方法可以通过观察系外行星的大气层，更容易地判断个别系外行星的表面是否可能存在生命，从而加快寻找生命的步伐。此处用it作形式宾语，后面的不定式to tell if individual exoplanets could host life on their surfaces by looking at their atmospheres作真正的宾语。故填it。 3．考查情态动词。句意：例如，如果一个外星物种正在他们的星球之外寻找生命，他们能判断地球上有生命存在的方式之一就是因为存在生物特征，比如氧气。根据was searching和tell Earth hosted life可知，此处表示“过去的能力”，用情态动词could。故填could。 4．考查介词。句意：像地球上的植物这样的个体生物通过光合作用产生氧气。此处表示“通过”，用介词through。故填through。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：新方法将依赖于探测系外行星大气层中氧分子碰撞时产生的强信号。本句谓语为will rely on，此处为非谓语动词，作定语，修饰signal，create“创造”与signal二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词，作后置定语。故填created。 6．考查定语从句。句意：美国宇航局的James Webb太空望远镜将使用这种方法，它能够观察系外行星的大气层并寻找这个信号。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：氧分子碰撞产生的这种独特信号实际上可以帮助天文学家决定这个星球上是否有生命存在。空格处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，用whether引导该从句。故填whether。 8．考查时态和语态。句意：一旦做出了这个判断，他们就可以迅速继续进行搜索。Once引导的时间状语从句描述现在的情况，时态用一般现在时，make与主语determination之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语determination是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is made。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：“在我们的研究之前，人们认为用韦伯望远镜无法探测到与地球上相似水平的氧气，”美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心的首席研究作者Thomas Fauchez说。be thought to do...是固定短语，意为“被认为……”，本空用be的不定式，作主语补足语。故填to be。 10．考查状语从句。句意：氧分子的碰撞是关键，因为它们阻挡了射向望远镜的红外光，在光谱中形成了有助于确定大气成分的模式。前后句是因果关系，后句解释原因，用because/as/since引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。 Passage 02 【来源】上海市上海市黄浦区大同中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 Tween bots are human-dependent cardboard robots that navigate the city with the help of pedestrians they encounter. Rolling at a constant speed, in a straight line, Tween bots have a destination 11 (display) on a flag and rely on passers-by they come across to read this flag and to aim them in the right direction to reach their goal. I walked out to Washington Square Park on a sunny summer day, 12 (place) my first Tweenbot on the sidewalk, and walked away. From a distance, I observed as the Tweenbot — a smiling 10-inch tall cardboard missionary — bumped along towards its inevitable fate. It was incredible. 13 a Tweenbot got caught under a park bench, ground futilely (徒劳地) against a curb, or became trapped in a pothole (坑洼), some passer - by would always rescue it and send it toward its goal. Never once was a Tween bot lost or damaged. Often, people 14 ignore the instructions to aim the Tween bot in the “right” direction, if that direction meant 15 (send) the robot into a dangerous situation. One man turned the robot back in the direction 16 which it had just come, saying out loud to the Tween bot, “You can’t go that way; it’s toward the road.” The Tween bot’s unexpected presence in the city created an unfolding narrative that speaks to the power of a simple technological object to create a complex network powered by human intelligence and asynchronous (非同时发生的) interactions. The journey 17 take becomes a story of people’s willingness 18 (engage) with a creature that mirrors human characteristics of being easily harmed, of being lost, and of having intention 19 the means of achieving the goal alone. 20 each encounter with an empathetic pedestrian takes a Tween bot one step closer to reaching its destination, the significance of our random discoveries and individual actions builds up into a story about a vast space made small by an even smaller robot. 【答案】 11．displayed 12．placed 13．Each time/Every time 14．would 15．sending 16．from 17．they 18．to engage 19．without 20．As 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在华盛顿广场公园进行的Tween bot实验，展示了简单科技物体如何通过人类互动创建复杂网络，强调了人类善意和个体行动的重要性。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：Tween bots以恒定的速度直线滚动，它们的旗帜上显示着目的地，依靠遇到的行人来读取旗帜并指引它们朝正确的方向前进以到达目的地。‌“have sth. done”是固定结构，意为“使某事被做”，其中过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动和完成的动作。所以这里用display的过去分词displayed，表示“目的地被显示在旗帜上”。故填displayed。 12．考查时态。句意：在一个阳光明媚的夏日，我走到华盛顿广场公园，把我的第一个Tween bot放在人行道上，然后走开了。‌“and”连接三个并列的动作，根据‌“walked out”和‌“walked away”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，所以这里用place的过去式placed作谓语。故填placed。 13．考查状语从句。句意：每次Tween bot被卡在公园长椅下，徒劳地撞在路缘上，或者掉进坑洞里时，总会有过路人把它救出来，送它朝目标前进。‌“_____ a Tweenbot got caught under a park bench”是时间状语从句，结合句意，表示“每次……的时候”，用each time或者every time引导该从句，且句首单词首字母大写。故填Each time/Every time。 14．考查情态动词。句意：人们常常会无视把Tween bot指向“正确”方向的指示，如果那个方向意味着把机器人送入危险的境地的话。‌“if that direction meant _____ (send) the robot into a dangerous situation”是条件状语从句，结合句意，表示“人们过去常常无视指示”，用情态动词would表示过去的习惯性动作。故填would。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们常常会无视把Tween bot指向“正确”方向的指示，如果那个方向意味着把机器人送入危险的境地的话。‌“meant”是谓语动词，空格处用非谓语动词作宾语，mean doing sth.是固定用法，意为“意味着做某事”，所以这里用send的动名词形式sending作宾语。故填sending。 16．考查介词。句意：一个人把机器人转回它刚来的方向，大声对Tween bot说：“你不能走那条路，那是通向马路的。”‌“the direction _____ which it had just come”是定语从句，修饰先行词direction，结合句意，表示“它刚来的方向”，用‌“from which”引导定语从句，from表示“从……”，符合语境。故填from。 17．考查代词。句意：他们所走的旅程变成了一个关于人们愿意与一个容易受到伤害、容易迷路、有意图但没有实现目标手段的生物互动的故事。“_____ take”是省略关系代词的限制定语从句，空格处单词作定语从句中的主语，指代上文提到的‌“Tween bots”，用人称代词they作主语。故填they。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们所走的旅程变成了一个关于人们愿意与一个容易受到伤害、容易迷路、有意图但没有实现目标手段的生物互动的故事。‌“willingness”是名词，后面通常接不定式作后置定语，表示“愿意做某事”，所以这里用to engage作后置定语，修饰willingness。故填to engage。 19．考查介词。句意：他们所走的旅程变成了一个关于人们愿意与一个容易受到伤害、容易迷路、有意图但没有实现目标手段的生物互动的故事。根据句意和空格后的‌“the means of achieving the goal alone”可知，这里表示“没有实现目标的手段”，用介词without表示“没有”。故填without。 20．考查状语从句。句意：随着每次与有同情心的行人的相遇，Tween bot离到达目的地又近了一步，我们随机发现和个体行动的意义汇聚成了一个关于一个更小的机器人使广阔空间变小的故事。‌“_____ each encounter with an empathetic pedestrian takes a Tween bot one step closer to reaching its destination”是时间状语从句，结合句意，表示“随着……”，用as引导该从句，且句首单词首字母大写。故填As。 Passage 03 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题 Designing a Game The first thing you’ll need to design a great game is an objective, or goal, for players to work toward. Objectives can take many forms, but they should always be clear to the players. Hockey games have a time limit. When the final whistle sounds, 21 team has more points wins. In Risk, each player gets cards listing their personal objectives, and the first person 22 (complete) all of them wins. Both games have one thing in common. When one player or team reaches the final objective, they win. In this type of game, you’ll need to decide whether players can affect other players’ progress 23 the objective. In Battleship, the objective is to guess where your opponent’s ships are. But if you get a hit, it won’t prevent them from hitting one of your ships. Players race to the goal, but they can’t prevent other players from making progress. In chess you can capture the opponent’s pieces, 24 (leave) them with less to work with. In this type of game, one player 25 (and often must) prevent the other player or players from advancing in order to reach the objective first. Neither style is better or worse — some people just enjoy one more than the other. An escape room, on the other hand, is a game 26 several people are locked in a room with a variety of puzzles. They must solve the puzzles together to leave the room 27 time runs out. In a cooperative game like this, players don’t compete with each other. Instead, players work together to achieve the objective. They either unlock the door and they all win, or time runs out and they all lose. Not all games have one final goal. Some have many smaller objectives, and in others, the objectives 28 (set) by the players themselves. In Minecraft, one player’s goal might be to build a particular structure, while another’s is to explore the world and see what inspires them. If players need to set their own objectives, 29 (make) sure this is clear. Otherwise, they may spend their time struggling to figure out the 30 (suppose) end goal rather than enjoying the game. 【答案】 21．whichever 22．to complete 23．toward/towards 24．leaving 25．can 26．where 27．before 28．are set 29．make 30．supposed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“设计一款出色游戏”展开，通过分析不同类型游戏的目标设定方式及其对玩家互动的影响，说明清晰明确的游戏目标是设计一款优秀游戏的关键要素。 21．考查名词性从句。句意：终场哨声响起时，得分多的队伍获胜。“________ team has more points”为主语从句，设空处在从句中作定语，表示“无论哪个，……的那一个”用连接代词whichever，表示“在所有参赛队伍中，不管是哪一支队伍，只要得分最高就能获胜”。故填whichever。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：在《风险》这款游戏中，每位玩家都会拿到列有个人目标的卡片，最先完成所有目标的人获胜。作后置定语修饰名词短语the first person，person被序数词修饰，后置定语用不定式。故填to complete。 23．考查介词。句意：在这种类型的游戏里，你需要决定玩家是否能够影响其他玩家达成目标的进程。表示“朝着目标推进的进度”，用介词toward/towards“向，朝”。故填toward/towards。 24．考查非谓语动词。句意：在国际象棋中，你可以吃掉对手的棋子，从而让他们可使用的棋子变得更少。句中已有谓语动词can capture，此空为非谓语，前文陈述的内容“capture the opponent’s pieces(吃掉对手棋子)”与动词leave构成逻辑上的主谓关系，填现在分词leaving，表示该动作自然带来的结果——“让对手可使用的棋子变少”。故填leaving。 25．考查情态动词。句意：这类游戏中，一位玩家​可以（而且往往必须）​​阻止其他玩家前进，以便率先达成目标。表示“在游戏规则框架内，玩家被允许采取某种策略或行动”，用情态动词can“可以”，表示该行为在游戏机制中是可行的、被设计所允许的一种策略选择。故填can。 26．考查定语从句。句意：另一方面，密室逃脱是一种将几个人锁在一个房间里、并设置各种谜题供其解开的游戏。此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a game，关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故填where。 27．考查连词。句意：他们必须共同解开这些谜题，在时间耗尽之前离开房间。引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”，用连词before。故填before。 28．考查动词时态和语态。句意：有些游戏有多个较小的目标，而有些游戏中的目标则是由玩家自己设定的。此句为并列句，此空在分句中作谓语，此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the objectives与动词set“设置”为被动关系，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are set。 29．考查祈使句。句意：如果玩家需要设定自己的目标，那么一定要确保这一点表述得清晰明确。此句是含有if条件句的主从复合句，主句是祈使句，用动词原形make，“make sure”是固定短语，意为“确保、务必”，在句中后跟省略that的名词性从句“this is clear”作宾语。故填make。 30．考查形容词。句意：否则，他们可能把时间花在费力去弄清所谓的最终目标上，而不是享受游戏的乐趣。作定语，修饰end goal，填形容词supposed“所谓的，误以为的”。故填supposed。 三、真题演练 （2023年上海春季高考真题） Young Enterprise Young Enterprise is an organization that makes serious efforts to teach all types of young people the general principles of running a business (21) __________( originate ) in the United States of America, the idea of Young Enterprise was introduced into Britain by a successful banker.(22)__________ it developed slowly in its early years, the organization grew rapidly later. Young Enterprise is now backed by industry and commerce, so that today young people throughout the United Kingdom can participate. A participant in Young Enterprise is known as an Achiever. Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. But it is usually possible (24 )__________ ( include ) young people in the same age group who have left school but have not yet started work. An Adviser is a practicing business executive (管理人员) with an expert knowledge of his own field who volunteers to keep a Young Enterprise company during its trading year.(25)__________counts for Advisers is an ability to get on with young people and to put across the subject. As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. A Sponsor,(29)__________ (reward) only by the success of the enterprise of "its" Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and,(30 )__________ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications,advice and encouragement. 【答案】 21. Originating 22. Although/Though/While 23. who/that 24. to include 25. What 26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 28. it 29. rewarded 30. at 【解析】 【导读】文章主要讲述Young Enterprise是一个教育组织，旨在教导年轻人经营企业的基本原则。它起源于美国，在英国得到了广泛支持。参与者被称为"Achievers"，他们可以是在校学生或已离校但未开始工作的年轻人。每个Young Enterprise公司都有顾问来指导他们，顾问必须具备相关商业经验。赞助商提供支持并根据企业的成功获得回报。 【详解】 21. Originating 考查现在分词 "originate"是“起源于……”，非谓语动词的现在分词形式，修饰"the idea of Young Enterprise"，表示Young Enterprise的想法起源于美国。 22. Although/Though/While 考查让步状语从句。"although/though/while"表示让步关系，引导让步状语从句，意为"尽管"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 23. who/that 考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍young people的定语从句，修饰"young people"，指代"young people"，做主语，指人，可以使用"who/that"。 24. to include 考查动词不定式。"to include"根据句子结构，空格前的谓语动词is。判定此处为非谓语动词，而且结合句子结构It is加形容词加to do something.故填入动词不定式to include. 句意：但通常可以将同一年龄段的年轻人包括在内，他们已经离开学校，但尚未开始工作。 25. What 考查名词从句。这里使用名词从句"What counts for Advisers"引导一个主语从句，意为"对于顾问来说，重要的是……"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构，主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“be available to”表示“可用于……，……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/will be/ have been。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。 28.it 考查代词。 "it"是代词，作为形式宾语代替后面that从句。真正宾语是"that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations"。 29. rewarded 考查过去分词。"rewarded"是过去分词作后置定语，修饰"Sponsor"，表示"被奖励"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 30. 考查介词（at the expense...），构成介词短语"at its own expense"，表示"以自己的费用"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 语法填空命题剖析 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 4 考点一：语法填空之有提示词（重点） 3 考点二：语法填空之无提示词（难点） 14 考点三：语法填空中两空或三空（难点） 20 实战精练与提升 23 考情解读 一、考试要求 上海高考英语语法填空题是全面检测学生语法在篇章中综合运用能力，能更科学地反应学生的英语语法知识的综合程度。上海历年高考英语语法高频考察点主要有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。本题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。值得注意的是近年试题中出现一些平常我们在一模二模中不常考到而被忽视的语法点。 二、命题分析 分值与形式 共 10 分，设 10 空，分有提示词（约 4 空）和无提示词（约 6 空）两类。 考查内容 有提示词：动词（时态、语态、非谓语）、形容词 / 副词（比较级、最高级） 无提示词：冠词、介词、代词、连词（并列 / 从属）、固定搭配等。 命题特点 立足语篇语境，融合语法规则与逻辑推理，考查语法知识的综合运用能力。 特殊注意 偶考一模二模中不常见的 “冷门” 语法点，需全面备考。 知识梳理 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 有提示词 形容词/ 副词 原 级 1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形 2、修饰比较级最高级的词 3、less/least+adj/adv情况 4、双写+er的单词 比较级 最高级 动词 时态语态 1、各种时态的标志词以及特征 2、主动表被动情况 不定式 1、不定式作主宾表定状补 2、动名词作主宾表定 3、分词作表定状补 4、各种非谓语的时态语态 动名词 分 词 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 无提示词 冠词 定冠词/不定冠词 判断语境是特指还是非特指 介词 搭配及其他 熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法 代词 人称物主代词 1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分 2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语 3、代词作定语 不定代词 反身单词 动词 情态动词 观察语境中暗含的情感和态度 助动词/系动词 倒装情况 从属连词 定语从句 1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法 2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long....情况 3、表语从句连接词as if，because 名词性从句 状语从句 强调句 并列连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系 考点精讲 · 考点一：语法填空之有提示词 解题策略 1. 括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。 2. 看句子有没有连词，若无连词，则要有1个谓语动词，有1个连词，则句子应该有2个谓语动词，2个连词应该有3个谓语动词，若缺少则所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看，后看看确定时态和语态。 3. 若句中已有谓语动词，且无连词，或谓语动词数量满足“连词+1”的情况则所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 （一）形容词/副词 【考点诠释】 括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。 附：形容词与副词的比较级和最高级构成 1：规则变化 构　成 例词 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-est small smaller smallest great greater greatest hard harder hardest 以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加-r和-st fine finer finest cute cuter cutest able abler ablest 以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-est fat fatter fattest thin thinner thinnest hot hotter hottest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er和-est easy easier easiest happy happier happiest early earlier earliest 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er和-est clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和most careful more careful most careful popular more popular most popular efficiently More efficiently most efficiently 2：不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good,well better best bad,ill worse worst many,much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 3：形容词和副词比较等级常见句式 项　目 例　句 as...as.../not so (as)...as...,意为“和…(不)一样…” She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are. 比较级 (+ than),意为“一方比另一方……” This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen a more interesting film. less +原级+than,意为“一方不及另一方……” This room is less beautiful than that one. the +比较级,the +比较级,意为“越……越……” The harder you work,the more progress you will make. “否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义 I have never spent a more worrying day. more...than...,意为“与其……倒不如……” He is more shy than unfriendly. 以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等 The book is superior to that one I just finished reading. no+比较级+than两者都不 This book is no more interesting than that once. The+比较级+of the two两者中较为…… the older of the two 4：形容词、副词的倍数表达法 (1)... 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as... The big box is four times as heavy as the small one. 大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。 (2)... 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than... The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆轿车跑得比那辆卡车快两倍。 (3)... 倍数＋the＋度量衡名词＋of... The newly built square is four times the size of the previous one. 新建的广场是之前的四倍大。 (4)... 倍数＋what从句 Cotton output is now ten times what it was ten years ago. 目前棉花产量是十年前的十倍。 (5)... 倍数＋that/those of... In this workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that of January. 这个车间七月的产量是一月的3.5倍。 （二）动词 【考点诠释】 01 动词的时态 时态 时间状语 一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等 一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等 现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等 现在完成时 since＋时间点，in/over the past... years, in recent years, for＋时间段， so far等 过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等 常用句式中时态： (1)was/were doing... when...＋一般过去时 (2)was/were about to do... when...＋一般过去时 (3)it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时 (4)it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时 (5)No sooner had＋主语＋done... than＋一般过去时 (6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done... when＋一般过去时 (7)It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时 02 动词的语态 1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系 (1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 (2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。 (3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。 2.主动表被动 (1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时； (2)当read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时； 03 主谓一致 项目 主语 谓语动词 语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of＋复数可数名词 单数 复数可数名词，and连接的两个名词，a number of＋复数可数名词 复数 (together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致　　 意义 一致 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念；强调整体的集合名词 单数 “the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数 就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语；“here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致　 04 非谓语动词 谓语动词：看句子有没有连词，若无连词，则要有1个谓语动词，有1个连词，则句子应该有2个谓语动词，2个连词应该有3个谓语动词，若缺少则所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看，后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况) 非谓语动词：若句中已有谓语动词，且无连词，或谓语动词数量满足“连词+1”的情况则所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语； 动名词doing 表习惯性动作，可作主宾表定状补，常考作主语、宾语； 现在分词doing 表主动、进行，可作主宾表定，常考作表语、定语、状语； （2025·上海青浦·二模） If you’ve worked in any professional environment, you’ve probably heard advice like this and even taken it. At first glance, it seems harmless — motivational, even. But dig deeper, and you’ll find these statements can often serve to stop progress, mask deeper problems, or encourage 1 (healthy) workplace norms. （2025·上海金山·二模） This longer format requires more work on the script (稿), making the content 8 (rich), so the audience always feels it’s worth their time. （2025·上海普陀·二模） As more and more people living in urban areas are reporting lower levels of well-being, and are at a 10 (high) risk of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety than before, the study highlights the importance of bringing people closer to nature, the researchers say. （2025·上海松江·二模） “Breaking up motionless periods with brief walk greatly increases energy consumed daily and 4 (improve) health.” （2025·上海黄浦·二模） If you find that shifting your focus brings you relief and your concerns don’t resurface down the road, that 7 (count) as working. You might say something regrettable at a party, for instance, but instead of worrying about it, you distract yourself by watching funny videos that night. （2025·上海黄浦·二模） If you find that shifting your focus brings you relief and your concerns don’t resurface down the road, that _______ (count) as working. You might say something regrettable at a party, for instance, but instead of worrying about it, you distract yourself by watching funny videos that night. （2025·上海徐汇·二模） The study (involve) 20 horses, who were initially rewarded with a treat for touching a piece of card with their noses. In the second stage, a “stop light” was introduced, and the rule was changed so that the ……. （2025·上海闵行·二模） Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. （2025·上海虹口·二模） Returning from studying abroad was like being hit by a wave of reality. The initial shock wasn’t in the customs or language differences I (expect) abroad—it came when I stepped back into daily life in the U.S. （2025·上海青浦·二模） Giving yourself this space allows you to move from a reactive response to a thoughtful one. When I finally questioned the advice to “just be patient,” I realized it 9 (hold) me back. By taking proactive steps — seeking mentors outside of the workplace and pursuing my values — I started shaping my own career path, and you can do the same. （2025·上海嘉定·二模） When Peary arrived, they planted their flags, securing their place in history. The impossible 10 (conquer). （2025·上海浦东新·二模） In another study, researchers analyzed brain scans to see how writing about negative events affected the way such events 1 (process) and handled. They concluded that expressive writing might be an effective tool to address negative emotions and 2 writing about a past failure could improve learning. （2025·上海闵行·二模） For students 6 (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option 7 (organize) in three sections （2025·上海金山·二模） But the growing popularity of stand-up comedy in China 2 (demonstrate) that humor has no borders. Another two stand-up comedy industry leaders in China 3 (establish) in 2014 and 2017 respectively. （2025·上海奉贤·二模） Sara Sami vividly recalls the first time she truly saw the stars. The 38-year-old photographer and travel guide 1 (search) for a spot in Saudi Arabia — a massive cliff overlooking a vast desert — when she unexpectedly found herself under an amazing night sky. （2025·上海黄浦·二模） If you find that shifting your focus brings you relief and your concerns don’t resurface down the road, that 7 (count) as working. You might say something regrettable at a party, for instance, but instead of worrying about it, you distract yourself by watching funny videos that night. （2025·上海徐汇·二模） They made it progressively harder, and discovered that the horses all changed their strategies in the most difficult stage 2 (ensure) they would continue getting treats. （2025·上海浦东新·二模） These findings suggest that the process of writing allows you 4 (clarify) thoughts and “internalize” them, thus increasing the benefits. （2025·上海嘉定·二模） Reaching this ice-covered world was not easy. Many had tried before them, only 3 (force) back by terrible conditions. （2025·上海虹口·二模） In Denmark and the other countries I visited, 2 (not understand) every word around me became strangely comforting. There was a quiet peace in not having to process every conversation, not being subjected to endless chatter. （2025·上海崇明·二模） The zoo’s director, Narongwit Chodchoi, said the additional earnings from Moo Deng will help the zoo’s 9 (breed) programs for many endangered animals, like the pygmy hippo, which is threatened by illegal hunting and loss of habitat. （2025·上海松江·二模） The latest research, which hundreds of participants took part in, involved 7 (measure) the amount of energy people consumed while walking on an exercise machine or climbing stairs. （2025·上海闵行·二模） Applications for the on-campus session from June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions 10 (start) from June 17, July 1, and July 15 are due: May 10. （2025·上海静安·二模） ‌“It really works your legs and shoulders at the same time,” he said, 7 (add) that the sport burned more calories as well. （2025·上海宝山·二模） The user provides a hint, like “cat swimming in a fish tank,” and the tool creates a video 2 (base) on everything it knows about cats, water, fish and the physics of how they might interact. · 考点二：语法填空之无提示词 解题策略 1. 三大从句及特殊句式 三大从句是指名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从近几年高考语法填空题来看，几种从句都有涉及，尤以主语从句和同位语从句居多。形容词性从句就是定语从句，它包括限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句考查较多，尤其是which引导的非限制性定语从句。副词性从句就是状语从句，总计有九种。主要考查时间状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句。 2. 并列句：看两个句子间的逻辑关系来判断。如：并列、因果、选择、转折、对比。 3. 特殊句式主要有三种：强调句、倒装句和省略句，另外还有一些形式，也是特殊句式，如感叹句、祈使句。其中强调句、倒装句和感叹句在高考中是重点。 【考点诠释】 1）冠词 表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an，表示特指时用the。 2）介词 句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, … 3）代词 当句子缺主语、宾语或定语时，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语和同位语情况等) 主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s). 4）情态动词和助动词 若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。 5）从属连词 若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填从属连词。 强调句：It is...that... 定语从句: 关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why 名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 状语从句: 时间when, while, as, before, after, every/each time, as soon as, the moment/minute, hardly…when, no sooner…than, since, once, until； 地点where, wherever； 原因because, as, since, now that； 目的in order that, so that, in case, for fear that； 结果so that, so/such…that； 比较than, as…as, the more…the more…； 让步although, though, even if/though, while, as, no matter what/ who/when…, whatever…., whether…or； 方式as, as if/though； 条件if, unless, as long as… 6）并列连词 若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空，可能是填并列连词。 并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, yet, then, however, therefore, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but 7） 特殊句式 类型 句 式 考 查 重 点 强调句 It is / was ＋被强调部分＋that / who ... 对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。强调主语时要注意连接词与谓语的一致性。 强调句的特殊疑问句结构:疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋句子其他部分? 强调谓语动词 用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 与三大从句的区别 1.强调句去掉It is/was和that 之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能。 2.强调句中that没有意义，且不作任何成分，而定语从句中that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 3.强调句去掉It is/was和that后，结构仍然完整，而It is ...when ...中，it指代时间。 倒装句 部分倒装 1.表示否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/ scarcely ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ..., not ...until ..., nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。 2.“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装。 3.so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 4.表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so 表示肯定意义，neither/nor 表示否定意义)。 5.在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。 完全倒装 1.here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装语序。 2.有时为平衡句子结构或突出强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。 省略句 状语从句的省略 在时间、让步、方式、条件、地点等状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且状语从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。 动词不定式的省略 感官动词后的宾补，常省略to；在形容词(glad, happy, pleased, delighted, anxious等)后作状语时，to后的内容常承前省略。 常用的与if相关的省略结构 If从句中是it is结构，可以省略it is。如：if ever, if busy, if possible, if so, if not, if necessary 感叹句 what引导的感叹句 1.What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语! 2.What＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语! how引导的感叹句 1.How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语! 2. How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语! （2025·上海嘉定·二模） Among them was Matthew Henson, an experienced explorer 1 skills had been vital to their success. （2025·上海松江·二模） According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, 2 led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as （2025·上海杨浦·二模） In addition to his love for abstract art, Pininski also had another reason 6 accounted for his motivation to build such a unique subway entrance. （2025·上海徐汇·二模） Horses are capable of strategic thinking and planning ahead, a new study has found. Researchers at Nottingham Trent University made a game for horses 1 they had to touch a piece of card with their noses to get a treat. （2025·上海奉贤·二模） She seeks out places with undisturbed darkness, far from towns and cities, 4 she can see the Milky Way. （2025·上海闵行·二模） ...a program created and run by Boston University, ____ high school students... （2025·上海青浦·一模） This is the house , my grandfather lived for over 60 years. （2025·上海杨浦·一模） The reason , he was late for school was that he missed the bus. （2025·上海普陀·二模） The girl you just talked is my sister. （2025·上海浦东新·二模） They concluded that expressive writing might be an effective tool to address negative emotions and 2 writing about a past failure could improve learning. （2025·上海崇明·二模） During that time, the hippo has received widespread attention on social media. Fans of the animal have expressed 3 they enjoy watching the pink-cheeked baby actively interact with her mother and other zoo workers. （2025·上海黄浦·二模 How can you figure out whether to avoid or to face up to your feelings? Dr. Kross, an emotion researcher, suggested asking yourself, “Is ______ I’m doing making me feel better about the problem in front of me? ....” （2025・上海金山・一模） To deal with the problem _______drivers may fall asleep halfway in traffic jams during peak travel hours, wake-up call services from drones have been introduced. · 考点三：语法填空之两个空和三个空的填法 两空常填连词 表原因：now that 表时间：every time/ the moment 表让步：even if / even though 表方式：as if / as though 表目的：so that / in case 表结果：so that 定语从句：介词 + which 表除了：except that 表疑问：how much (many/long/often/soon) 三空常填连词 表目的：in order that / for fear that 表时间：as soon as 表条件：as/so long as / on condition that 表让步：no matter how + adj./ no matter what (+ n.) 另：as far as (as far as I know, as far as I’m concerned) 两空常填介词 表原因：because of/ due to/ owing to/thanks to 表让步：regardless of 表相反：instead of/ rather than 表除了：except for / other than/apart from 表根据/例举：according to / such as 三空常填介词 表让步：in spite of 表并列：as well as 表除了：in addition to 表目的：in order to 两空常填情态动词 have to / had better / ought to / may/might (as) well （2025年杨浦一模） As Streit has emphasized, the club is for everyone and now it is organized regularly _____10____ ________ those who are shy can seek a balance of privacy and socialization. （2025年金山一模） ____10____ ________ ________the future holds for frybread, it will always stand as proof to the adaptability of those native communities. As an enduring food, frybread has demonstrated its lasting significance. （2025年黄浦区一模） The story is actually an old tale that first originated in the Huainanzi, an ancient Chinese text ___8___ (date) back to 139 BC, and it reminds people that we have no control or no real way of knowing whether events that happen to us ___9___ (be) “good” or “bad”. ____10____ ______ _______we are open to change and trust that things will work out for the best, we are sure to make it. （2025年青浦一模） (5) ______ ______ bringing up unnecessary anxiety, the research assumes that peeling can effectively wipe out nearly all pesticide left. This contrasts with the practice of washing, which (6) ______ (recommend) frequently. As the report says, “traditional fruit-cleaning operations cannot wholly remove pesticides,” but “considering that the flesh layer lost during peeling was a great deal (7) ______ (large) than 0.03mm, we believe that the peeling operation can effectively avoid the dangers of pesticides in the fruit’s skin (8) ______ ______ the probability of taking in pesticides can be reduced.” （2025·上海浦东新·二模） Last year, brain researchers demonstrated that writing by hand 3 _______typing with a keyboard promoted more complex brain connectivity, which was crucial for memory formation. （2025·上海奉贤·二模） “Part of the 2,334 square kilometer reserve’s commitment to the preservation of the night sky involves careful lighting design, such as ensuring 8 , if possible, lights are equipped with shades to minimize light pollution. Specifically, these shades are designed to direct the light down 9 _________up.” （2025·上海青浦·二模） In workplaces, those in a high social position often increase the influence of certain voices. A boss’s suggestion, however misguided, can feel like an instruction 3 _____ a choice. Research shows that people are more likely to follow advice when it comes from someone they perceive as an expert, ______ __4___ the advice isn’t consistent with their own judgment. （2025·上海金山·二模） He adds that stand-up comedy is easy to start because it doesn’t require special skills. Anyone, ____________ 6 age or gender, can try it. This makes it widely appealing in China. 实战训练 一、单句语法填空 1．Machine learning is now capable of far, far (complex) tasks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with (little) money and (few) people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Another study, conducted by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged, Fan Zhongyan is (influence) in my opinion. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The students were even (confused) but started the test by then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．The whole family could not be (happy) to be together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．The more exposed young people are to financial issues, the (likely) they are to become responsible. 10．World War II, the (deadly) human conflict of all time, had shattered  people’s lives everywhere. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．As they sailed, the navigators took compass readings, (keep) logs of their voyages and charted the coast. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．He is the only one of the students who (be) a winner of scholarship for three years. 13．As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine how people (respond) when they heard it for the first time.（所给词的适当形式填空） 14．Larry’s parents made up their mind that they (buy) a new house once their little daughter changed her job. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．When Alice came to herself, she did not know how long she (lie) there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．Jeremy, who （concentrate）on his food, looked up at the mention of the word cash. （用所给单词适当形式填空） 17．By the time you come here, you (experience) our traditional Chinese culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．Is it likely that the scientists (discover) a cure for cancer by the year 2040? (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. （所给词的适当形式填空） 20．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 21．Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22．People (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．At the very cafes customers can ask whether there are any suspended coffees available, and if so, they (supply) with a beverage, thanks to the kindness of a stranger. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees   (hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25．The females: never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (deposit) in the warm sand. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．Over the Huangpu River (build) four grand bridges in Shanghai so far. （所给词的适当形式填空） 27．Nowadays, cell phones have features such as games, music and calendars and more new functions (add)．（所给词的适当形式填空） 28．He went home in a hurry,never once looking back to see if he (follow). （所给词的适当形式填空） 29．When clicking on links to dangerous websites or software, you may （fool） into providing personal information such as passwords, usernames or financial details. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the following two years. （所给词的适当形式填空） 31．You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) by running. (所给词的适当形式填空) 32．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 33．Listening to music at home is one thing, and going to hear it (perform) live is quite another. （所给词的适当形式填空） 34．On their return, the father asked his son (explain) what he had learnt. (所给词的适当形式填空) 35．He repeated the question in an even sterner tone, “Where is God!!?” Again the boy made no attempt (answer). (所给词的适当形式填空) 36．It is the most urgent threat (face) our entire species, and we need to work collectively together and stop procrastinating（拖延）. (所给词的适当形式填空) 37．At the 2016 Oscar ceremony, DiCaprio’s (win) the award for Best Actor impressed all the audience present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 38．Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to (eat) too many calories from foods that have low nutritional value. (所给词的适当形式填空) 39． (not do) anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 40．Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 41．It’s the same today.  If students have the right resources (explore) ideas for themselves, many people can “teach” – including carers and parents during a pandemic (流行病). (所给词的适当形式填空) 42．There are some ways to untie the mess we’re creating in the world’s oceans, including (expand) our idea of seafood to include jellyfish. (所给词的适当形式填空) 43．In the Greek city of Thessaloniki, the transport ministry installed mini libraries at bus stops (allow) passengers to read as they wait for the bus, or borrow and read on their journey to be returned at a later date. (所给词的适当形式填空) 44．Whatever you define success, remember, we are born to live the lives we truly want and deserve, but not just the lives (settle) for us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 45．Photos of various tree leaves packaged in plastic bags and arranged as flower bouquets went hot on social media lately, (cause) complaints because of the product’s price, six British pounds. (所给词的适当形式填空) 46．On the back of a motorcycle, (place) all your trust in someone to get you safely home is a way to remind you of the love they have for you. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47． (fill) with nervous energy, I held on tightly to my cousin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48．Geography, (define) as the study of Earth, has always had a focus on maps. But mapping hasn’t always been easy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49．With spring (approach), many cold-blooded animals are coming out for food. (所给词的适当形式填空) 50．The ageing of China’s population is becoming increasing evident, with the number of people aged 60 or above (expect) to reach 300 million by 2025. (所给词的适当形式填空) 51．The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed. 52．It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang onto hopes. （用适当的词填空） 53． matters that week is that everyone is having a great time. (用适当的词填空) 54．However, getting advice from cares about you can impact your life in great ways. (用适当的词填空) 55．But there are things we can do that machines can’t do. machines have made very little progress is in dealing with novel situations. They can’t handle things they haven’t seen many times before.（用适当的词填空） 56．At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the change to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly more and more parents make use of child care at this time. (用适当的词填空) 57．Richard swims three times a week after work.This is he keeps fit. （用适当的词填空） 58．“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is my mother used to tell me. （用适当的词填空） 59．In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空) 60．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. (用适当的词填空) 61．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry, none of has been proved. (用适当的词填空) 62．Office workers tried to put out the fire, it was impossible to control it. (用适当的词填空) 63．Drug abuse has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great. (用适当的词填空) 64．The house, door often stays open until late at night，works as a home for the guards，some of are from the countryside.（用适当的词填空） 65．But those numbers, impressive they seem, may be beside the point. (用适当的词填空) 66．The little boy wouldn’t leave the shop he bought what he wanted. (用适当的词填空) 67．As a matter of fact, I began playing football I was only eight years old, and I have been good at it. (用适当的词填空) 68． my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, something fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from. (用适当的词填空) 69．People in Dali are very friendly and honest to you you are a foreigner or just a local. (用适当的词填空) 70．The classical book is still worth it it doesn’t sell well. (用适当的词填空) 71．Not only the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers. (用适当的词填空) 72．After the wars, the Indians were driven to the west of the country. Not until 1924 they gain the right to vote. (用适当的词填空) 73．It was in the street I met an old classmate of mine the other day. (用适当的词填空) 74．Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story. (用适当的词填空) 75．Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree. (用适当的词填空) 76． all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. (用适当的词填空) 77．It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot easy reach. 78．People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had power opened their homes to who had none. (用适当的词填空) 79．The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help. (用适当的词填空) 80．Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from of the approaches. (用适当的词填空) 81．The difference between a man who succeeds and who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. (用适当的词填空) 82．But grocery store bread stay fresh during long shipping and storage times. So companies often put a chemical preservative in it. (用适当的词填空) 83．How we respond to them, however, is up to us. We react to them like evils of selfishness or like heroes of love. (用适当的词填空) 84．When performing challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended. (用适当的词填空) 85．My six-month stay on a space station has come to end, and it has been a challenging but magical adventure. (用适当的词填空) 86．Set in 1960s, it's not surprising that the family has to deal with lots of social changes. (用适当的词填空) 87．When my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from.(用适当的词填空) 88．In order to keep team members positive and motivated, the team leader needs to show these qualities. (用适当的词填空) 89．Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. (用适当的词填空) 90．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She not have spoken at the meeting. (用适当的词填空) 二、名校新题 Passage 01 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试卷 New way of detecting oxygen on exoplanets could help find life The search for oxygen on other planets outside of our solar system, called exoplanets, is thought to be an aid in the search for life outside of Earth. Now, astronomers 1 (develop) a new method for detecting oxygen on exoplanets, according to a new study published Monday. The scientists believe their new method could speed up the search for life by making 2 easier to tell if individual exoplanets could host life on their surfaces by looking at their atmospheres. For example, if an alien species was searching for life outside of their planet, one of the ways they 3 tell Earth hosted life is because of the presence of biosignatures, such as oxygen. Individual organisms like plants on Earth produce oxygen 4 photosynthesis. The new method will rely on detecting the strong signal 5 (create) when oxygen molecules collide in the atmospheres of exoplanets. The method will be used by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, 6 will be able to peer into the atmospheres of exoplanets and search for this signal. The telescope will launch later and take a closer look at mysterious exoplanet targets already identified by previous planet-hunting missions such as NASA’s Kepler and TESS. This unique signal produced by oxygen molecule collisions could actually help astronomers decide 7 the planet hosts life or not. Once this determination 8 (make), they can quickly move on in the search. “Before our work, oxygen at similar levels as on Earth was thought 9 (be) undetectable with Webb,” said Thomas Fauchez, lead study author at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. “This oxygen signal is known since the early 1980s from Earth’s atmospheric studies but has never been studied for exoplanet research.” The collision of the oxygen molecules is key 10 they block infrared (红外线的) light from the telescope, creating patterns in the spectrum (光谱) that help determine the composition of the atmosphere. To create their method, the researchers calculated the amount of light expected to be blocked out by the collisions. Passage 02 【来源】上海市上海市黄浦区大同中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 Tween bots are human-dependent cardboard robots that navigate the city with the help of pedestrians they encounter. Rolling at a constant speed, in a straight line, Tween bots have a destination 11 (display) on a flag and rely on passers-by they come across to read this flag and to aim them in the right direction to reach their goal. I walked out to Washington Square Park on a sunny summer day, 12 (place) my first Tweenbot on the sidewalk, and walked away. From a distance, I observed as the Tweenbot — a smiling 10-inch tall cardboard missionary — bumped along towards its inevitable fate. It was incredible. 13 a Tweenbot got caught under a park bench, ground futilely (徒劳地) against a curb, or became trapped in a pothole (坑洼), some passer - by would always rescue it and send it toward its goal. Never once was a Tween bot lost or damaged. Often, people 14 ignore the instructions to aim the Tween bot in the “right” direction, if that direction meant 15 (send) the robot into a dangerous situation. One man turned the robot back in the direction 16 which it had just come, saying out loud to the Tween bot, “You can’t go that way; it’s toward the road.” The Tween bot’s unexpected presence in the city created an unfolding narrative that speaks to the power of a simple technological object to create a complex network powered by human intelligence and asynchronous (非同时发生的) interactions. The journey 17 take becomes a story of people’s willingness 18 (engage) with a creature that mirrors human characteristics of being easily harmed, of being lost, and of having intention 19 the means of achieving the goal alone. 20 each encounter with an empathetic pedestrian takes a Tween bot one step closer to reaching its destination, the significance of our random discoveries and individual actions builds up into a story about a vast space made small by an even smaller robot. Passage 03 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题 Designing a Game The first thing you’ll need to design a great game is an objective, or goal, for players to work toward. Objectives can take many forms, but they should always be clear to the players. Hockey games have a time limit. When the final whistle sounds, 21 team has more points wins. In Risk, each player gets cards listing their personal objectives, and the first person 22 (complete) all of them wins. Both games have one thing in common. When one player or team reaches the final objective, they win. In this type of game, you’ll need to decide whether players can affect other players’ progress 23 the objective. In Battleship, the objective is to guess where your opponent’s ships are. But if you get a hit, it won’t prevent them from hitting one of your ships. Players race to the goal, but they can’t prevent other players from making progress. In chess you can capture the opponent’s pieces, 24 (leave) them with less to work with. In this type of game, one player 25 (and often must) prevent the other player or players from advancing in order to reach the objective first. Neither style is better or worse — some people just enjoy one more than the other. An escape room, on the other hand, is a game 26 several people are locked in a room with a variety of puzzles. They must solve the puzzles together to leave the room 27 time runs out. In a cooperative game like this, players don’t compete with each other. Instead, players work together to achieve the objective. They either unlock the door and they all win, or time runs out and they all lose. Not all games have one final goal. Some have many smaller objectives, and in others, the objectives 28 (set) by the players themselves. In Minecraft, one player’s goal might be to build a particular structure, while another’s is to explore the world and see what inspires them. If players need to set their own objectives, 29 (make) sure this is clear. Otherwise, they may spend their time struggling to figure out the 30 (suppose) end goal rather than enjoying the game. 三、真题演练 （2023年上海春季高考真题） Young Enterprise Young Enterprise is an organization that makes serious efforts to teach all types of young people the general principles of running a business (21) __________( originate ) in the United States of America, the idea of Young Enterprise was introduced into Britain by a successful banker.(22)__________ it developed slowly in its early years, the organization grew rapidly later. Young Enterprise is now backed by industry and commerce, so that today young people throughout the United Kingdom can participate. A participant in Young Enterprise is known as an Achiever. Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. But it is usually possible (24 )__________ ( include ) young people in the same age group who have left school but have not yet started work. An Adviser is a practicing business executive (管理人员) with an expert knowledge of his own field who volunteers to keep a Young Enterprise company during its trading year.(25)__________counts for Advisers is an ability to get on with young people and to put across the subject. As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. A Sponsor,(29)__________ (reward) only by the success of the enterprise of "its" Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and,(30 )__________ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications,advice and encouragement. 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $