内容正文:
知识清单·鲁科版四年级上册
Unit 4 Weather and our life
知识梳理
weather 天气
sunny 晴朗的,阳光充足的
cloudy 多云的,阴天的
windy多风的,风大的
all 所有,全部
ping-pong 乒乓球
rain 雨,雨水;下雨
sorry对不起,抱歉
take 拿,取;买下
必背单词
put on穿,戴上
all right好,行,可以;健康的
take care 保重
climb the hill 爬山
go home 回家
weather report 天气预报
go swimming 去游泳
fly kites 放风筝
常考短语
Unit4 Weather and our life
It's sunny and warm today.
How's the weather today?
It's raining.
It's rainy in Hangzhou.
We can't play football.
We can play ping-pong.
Put on your jacket.
重点句型
知识点拨
【考点一】It's sunny and warm today.
【考点二】put on…
【考点三】询问当天天气的问答
【考点四】can & can’t的用法
【考点五】How is the weather...? It's+动词ing.
考点一:It's sunny and warm today.
It's sunny and warm today.
解析:这是一个主系表结构的陈述句,专门用来描述“当天的天气状况”,结构为“主语+系动词+表语+时间状语”。
(一)句子分析
1.主语 + 系动词:It's(It is),“It”在此处是形式主语,仅用来指代天气、时间等抽象概念,是英语中描述天气的固定用法;“is”是系动词,起到连接主语和表语的作用。
2.表语:sunny and warm,由两个形容词sunny(晴朗的)和warm(暖和的)组成,用and连接,共同描述主语“天气”的特点,说明天气既晴朗又暖和。
3.时间状语:today,意为“今天”。
(二)常见的天气形容词
①第一类:描述天气“状态/现象”的形容词
sunny:晴朗的(有太阳)
rainy:下雨的(有雨)
cloudy:多云的(有云,看不到太阳)
windy:有风的(风比较大)
snowy:下雪的(有雪)
foggy:有雾的(雾气重,视线差)
②第二类:描述天气“温度/体感”的形容词
warm:暖和的(不冷不热,舒服)
hot:热的(温度高,感觉热)
cool:凉爽的(温度适中,有点凉但不冷)
cold:冷的(温度低,感觉冷)
【大显身手】
一、单项选择题。
( )1. It’s ______ in summer. We want to eat ice cream.
A. cold B. hot C. cool
( )2. It’s ______ in spring. We can fly kites.
A. sunny B. rainy C. foggy
( )3. It’s ______ in autumn. It’s not hot, and we like to have picnics.
A. warm B. cool C. cold
( )4. It’s ______ in winter. We can make snowmen.
A. snowy B. windy C. cloudy
( )5. It’s ______ today. We need to take umbrellas.
A. sunny B. rainy C. warm
考点二:put on…
Put on your jacket.
解析:这是一个典型的祈使句,用于直接提醒、建议或命令对方做某事。
(一)put on释义
“put on”专门表示“把衣物、鞋袜等穿/戴在身上”,用法有3个关键点:
①含义固定:仅用于“穿/戴”的动作,比如“put on your shoes”(穿上你的鞋)、“put on a hat”(戴上一顶帽子),不能用于“脱”的动作(“脱”是“take off”)。
②宾语位置灵活:
· 当宾语是名词(如 jacket、shoes、hat)时,可放在“put on”中间或后面,比如“put your jacket on”和“put on your jacket”意思完全一样。
· 当宾语是代词(如 it、them)时,只能放在“put on”中间,比如“Put it on”(把它穿上),不能说“Put on it”。
③场景常用:多结合天气或温度使用,比如天气冷时说“Put on your coat”(穿上你的外套),下雨时说“Put on your rain boots”(穿上你的雨靴)。
(二)祈使句
祈使句主要用于发出命令、提出请求、给出指示或提出建议,其核心特点是通常省略主语you,直接以动词原形开头。肯定形式:动词原形+其他成分。
例如:Sit down.(坐下。) Close the door.(关上门。)
【大显身手】
一、单项选择题。
( )1. ______ your sweater. It’s cold outside.
A. Put on B. Take off C. Look at
( )2. Put on ______ coat. Don’t forget it.
A. you B. your C. I
( )3.— It’s rainy. What should I do?
— ______ your rain boots.
A. Put on B. Put in C. Put up
( )4. Put ______ on. It’s your new hat.
A. it B. your C. them
( )5.—Where is my jacket?
— Here it is. ______ your jacket.
A. Put off B. Put on C. Put down
考点三:询问当天天气的问答
- How's the weather today?
-It's snowy in Harbin.
解析:这组对话是询问和回答天气的句型,既包含天气提问方式,又涉及“天气+地点”的表达。
(一)问句
1. 疑问词 + 系动词:How's(How is),How在此处用于询问“状况、怎么样”,“is”是系动词,整体构成“天气怎么样”的疑问开头,同义句是“What's the weather like?”。
2.主语:the weather,意为“天气”,必须放在“is”后面。
3.时间状语:today,意为“今天”,若想询问其他时间(如明天),可替换为“tomorrow”,即“How's the weather tomorrow?”。
(二)答句
1. 形式主语+系动词:It's(It is),“It”不指代具体事物,是英语中描述天气的固定形式主语,;“is”连接主语和表语,说明天气的状态。
2.表语:snowy,意为“下雪的”,是天气形容词,用来描述天气的具体状况,类似的还有“rainy”(下雨的)、“sunny”(晴朗的)。
3.地点状语:in Harbin,意为“在哈尔滨”,用“in+城市/地点”表示“某地的天气”。
(三)介词in的用法
1. 搭配 “大地点”:指城市、国家、省份等有明确边界的大范围区域,如城市(Harbin、Beijing)、国家(China、Canada)。强调“在这个大区域的范围里面”,比如“in Harbin”就是“在哈尔滨这座城市的范围里”。
2.搭配“有空间的小地点”:指有内部空间的具体场所,如房间(room)、教室(classroom)、公园(park)、学校(school)。强调“在这个场所的内部空间里”,比如“in the classroom”就是“在教室这个空间里面”。
天气场景:It's snowy in Harbin.(哈尔滨下雪了。)—— 城市(大地点)
季节活动场景:I fly kites in the park.(我在公园放风筝。)—— 有空间的小地点
日常场景:We have classes in the classroom.(我们在教室上课。)—— 有空间的小地点
【大显身手】
一、单项选择题。
( )1.— ______ the weather in Shanghai today?
— It's rainy.
A. How B. How's C. What
( )2. ______ warm in spring. We can fly kites.
A. It B. It's C. Its
( )3.— What's the weather like ______ Guangzhou in summer?
— It's hot.
A. in B. on C. at
( )4. It's ______ in autumn. The leaves turn yellow.
A. hot B. cool C. cold
( )5.— How's the weather in Qingdao today?
— It's ______.
A. wind B. sun C. windy
二、填空题。
1. It's snowy ______ Harbin in winter.
2.We often go swimming ______ summer.
3.My grandma lives ______ Beijing.
4.There are many beautiful flowers ______ the park.
5.We have a long holiday ______ October.
考点四:can & can’t的用法
We can't play football today.
We can play ping-pong.
解释:两个句子均为“主语+情态动词+动词原形 + 其他”的陈述句,核心是用can/can't表达“是否能做某事”。
(一)第一句(否定句)
1.主语:We(我们)。
2.情态动词:can't(不能),表“没有能力或不被允许”。
3.动词原形:play(玩),情态动词后必须接动词原形,这是固定规则。
4.宾语+时间状语:football(足球)+ today(今天)。
(二)第二句(肯定句)
结构与第一句一致,仅将否定词can't换成肯定词can(能),表“有能力或被允许做某事”,宾语换成 ping-pong(乒乓球)。
(三)重点词 can/can't 的用法
①含义固定:
· can:表“能、可以、会”,既可以指“有能力做某事”(如 I can swim. 我会游泳),也可以指“被允许做某事”(如 You can go now. 你现在可以走了)。
· can't:是 can 的否定形式,表“不能、不可以、不会”,含义与 can 相反(如 I can't fly. 我不会飞;We can't run here. 我们不能在这里跑)。
②后接动词原形:
无论 can 还是 can't,后面都必须接动词的原形,不能接第三人称单数或 ing 形式。比如 “能踢足球”是 We can play football,不能说We can plays football或We can playing football。
③句式变化简单:
· 变否定句:直接在 can 后加 not,缩写为 can't
如 He can play basketball. → He can't play basketball.
· 变一般疑问句:直接将 can 提到主语前面
如 Can you play ping-pong? 你会打乒乓球吗?回答用“Yes, I can.”或“No, I can't.”。
【大显身手】
一、选择题。
( )1. I ______ swim in the river. It’s dangerous.
A. can B. can’t C. am
( )2.— ______ you fly kites in spring?
— Yes, I can.
A. Do B. Can C. Are
( )3. They can ______ a snowman in winter.
A. make B. makes C. making
( )4. She ______ play football, but she can play ping-pong.
A. can B. can’t C. is
( )5. We can’t ______ TV for a long time. It’s bad for eyes.
A. watches B. watching C. watch
考点五:How is the weather...? It's+动词ing.
-How's the weather in Beijing?
-It's raining.
解释:询问天气时,英语中使用固定的句型 "How is the weather...?"。回答天气时,最核心的结构就是使用 It is... 或 It's... 开头。当描述一个正在发生的天气现象(如正在下雨、下雪、出太阳)时,要使用现在进行时。
(一)问句
1. 疑问词 + 系动词:How's(How is),用于提问“天气怎么样”。
2.主语:the weather,意为“天气”,是句子询问的核心对象,必须放在系动词“is”之后。
3.地点状语:in Beijing,意为“在北京”,用“in + 城市”明确询问的是“某地的天气”,若去掉地点,句子“How's the weather?”也完全成立。
(二)答句
1.形式主语:It,不指代具体事物,是英语中描述天气、时间的固定用法。
2.系动词 + 现在分词:is raining,构成“现在进行时”,强调“当下正在发生的下雨动作”。
(三)it is raining 与 it is rainy 详细区别表
对比维度
it is raining
it is rainy
核心语法结构
主(It)+系(is)+表(raining,现在分词),
属于现在进行时
主(It)+ 系(is)+表(rainy,形容词),
属于主系表结构(一般现在时)
表达重点
强调 “下雨这个动作正在发生”
强调“天气处于下雨的状态”
时间关联性
只能描述“当前这一刻”的天气,比如“现在正在下”“此刻在下雨”
可描述“某一天、某段时间” 的天气,比如“今天是雨天”“这周多雨”
常见搭配词
常和 “now”(现在)、“look”(看)、“listen”(听)搭配,提示动作正在进行
常和 “today”(今天)、“this week”(这周)、“spring”(春天)搭配,说明时间段的状态
语境用法
回答“此刻天气怎么样”,或描述“突然开始下雨” 的瞬间场景
回答“今天天气怎么样”,或描述“某个季节/月份的天气特点”
例句对比
1. Listen! It is raining outside.
(听!外面正在下雨。)
2. It is raining now, so we need umbrellas.
(现在正在下雨,所以我们需要伞。)
1. It is rainy today. Let’s stay at home.
(今天是雨天,我们待在家里吧。)
2. It is rainy in April here.
(这里四月份多雨。)
【大显身手】
一、选择题。
( )1.— ______ the weather in Shanghai now?
— It is raining.
A. What's B. How's C. Where's
( )2.— It is ______ outside. Do you need an umbrella?
— No, thanks. The rain will stop soon.
A. rain B. raining C. rains
( )3. Look! ______ outside. We can't go to the park.
A. It is raining B. It is rainy C. It rains
( )4.— ______ is the weather in your city today?
— It is rainy. We have to wear rain boots.
A. How B. What C. Where
( )5. It is ______ today, but it isn't raining now.
A. rainy B. raining C. rain
综合训练
一、单项选择题。
( )1.— ______ the weather today?
— It's sunny and warm.
A. How's B. What C. Where's
( )2. It's ______ and warm today. We can have a picnic in the park.
A. rainy B. sunny C. cloudy
( )3.— How's the weather now?
— ______. We need to take umbrellas.
A. It's rains B. It's raining C. It's sunny
( )4. It's ______ in Hangzhou. It rains a lot there this month.
A. raining B. rainy C. snowing
( )5. We ______ play football today. The playground is wet.
A. can B. can't C. are
( )6. We can ______ ping-pong in the classroom. It's fun.
A. play B. plays C. playing
( )7.— It's cold outside. What should I do?
— ______ your jacket.
A. Take off B. Put on C. Look at
( )8. It's not sunny today. It's ______. We can't see the big sun.
A. rainy B. warm C. hot
( )9.— Can you play football with me?
— No, I ______. I have to do my homework.
A. can B. can't C. don't
( )10. — What's the weather like in Jinan?
— ______.
A. It's snowy B. I can play ping-pong C. Put on your jacket
二、图文匹配。
A. B. C. D. E.
( )1. Today is sunny. I can go to the park to play with my friends.
( )2. This morning is foggy. I can’t see the big tree far away.
( )3. It’s cloudy today. My mom tells me to take a jacket.
( )4. It will snow tomorrow. I want to make a snowman.
( )5. It is raining now. I stay at home.
三、从方框中选择合适的单词,补全句子。
ping-pong sunny raining cloudy windy
1.Today is ______. We can go to the park and have a picnic.
2.It’s ______ outside. The leaves on the tree are blowing.
3.The sky is full of white clouds. It’s ______ today.
4.I often play ______ with my best friend on weekends.
5.Listen! It’s ______ outside. We need to take an umbrella.
四、匹配题。
( )1. How's the weather today?A. It's windy in Hangzhou.
B. No, it's sunny and warm.
C. It's sunny and warm today.
D. He can play ping-pong with his dad.
E. No, I can't.
( )2. What's the weather like in Hangzhou?
( )3. Can you go to the park?
( )4. What can he do on weekends?
( )5. Is it cold outside today?
五、连词成句。
1. weather, the, in, How's, Beijing (?)
2. play, We, football, want, to (.)
3. watch, Come, the, weather, and, report (.)
4. Nanning, in, It's, foggy (.)
5. lunch, It's, for, time (.)
六、补全对话。
A. Can we go out this morning?
B. It's rainy in Qingdao.
C. How's the weather today?
D. If it’s not raining, we can go to the park.
E. It's raining.
Lucy: Hi Tom! 1. ________
Tom: 2. ________ It’s not nice. We have to stay at home.
Lucy: That’s too bad! I wanted to play outside. 3. ________
Tom: No, we can’t. The rain will get our clothes wet.
Lucy: My aunt is in Qingdao. Do you know the weather there?
Tom: 4. ________. She can’t go out either.
Lucy: When can we go to play?
Tom: Let’s look at tomorrow’s weather. 5. ________
Lucy: Great! I hope it will be sunny.
参考答案
考点一:
1.B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B
考点二:
1.A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B
考点三:
一、选择题
1.B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C
二、填空题
1.in 2. in 3. in 4. in 5. in
考点四:
1.B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C
考点五
1.B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A
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【综合训练】
一、单项选择题。
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A
二、图文匹配。
1.D 2.E 3.A 4.C 5.B
三、从方框中选择合适的单词,补全句子。
1. sunny
2.windy
3.cloudy
4.ping-pong
5.raining
四、匹配题
1. C 2. A 3. E 4. D 5. B
五、连词成句。
1. How's the weather in Beijing (?)
2.We want to play football (.)
3.Come and watch the weather report (.)
4.It's foggy in Nanning (.)
5.It's time for lunch (.)
六、补全对话。
1. C 2. E 3. A 4. B 5. D
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