专题1 阅读理解 题组4 社会生活类-【区块练】2021-2025年五年高考真题分类汇编英语

社会生活类 　 Passage 1 (2025·全国一卷) In my ninth­grade writing class last year，I met a cowboy who saved his town，a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's，and a modern­day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once，I found myself wondering just how my students，who'd created these people，knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay，which was about the question：“ Why is writing important？”Most of the essays filled less than one page，and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers，but writing，in and of itself，simply didn't strike them as important.This would have to change. As a new unit started，I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health­related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments，a personal­narrative unit followed by a creative­writing workshop，I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories，10 to 20 pages each，with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However，my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June，I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance—the ability to connect people，to put us in another's skin，to teach us what it means to be human. 1.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A.Ninth graders. B.Students' parents. C.Modern writers. D.Fictional characters. 2.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A.They were not given enough time. B.They had a very limited vocabulary. C.They misunderstood the question. D.They had little interest in the topic. 3.What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Mixed. B.Amazing. C.Similar. D.Disturbing. 4.What does the author's experience show? A.Teaching is learning. B.Still waters run deep. C.Knowledge is power. D.Practice makes perfect. Passage 2 (2025·全国二卷) Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford ( LPCH).“Sometimes I don't like saying that I'm a teacher，”says Ho.“People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do，but that's not really what it is here.” “Here” is room 386，where each year，about 500 LPCH patients also become students.The hospital school is free of parents，doctors，and medical procedures.It's a place of learning.About half of Ho's students stay for a week or less；others are there for more than a year.Most of Ho's students will recover，which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. Still，in room 386，academics don't come first.Physical health and mental health are the priority.“If you're scared about something and thinking only about that，there's no way you're going to be able to learn，”Ho says.“I'm a coach，an adviser，and a comforter，and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher.” There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments；they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says.“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.” Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital.“I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems，” says Julie Good，director of pain management services at LPCH.“It's about problem­solving around what it means to have a full life.Those kids have dreams.School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.” 1.Who does Ho teach at LPCH? A.Sick children. B.Young nurses. C.Medical students. D.Patients' parents. 2.What is a characteristic of Ho's job? A.Prioritizing academics. B.Encouraging innovation. C.Treating various diseases. D.Playing multiple roles. 3.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A.Offering regular lessons. B.Paying extra attention. C.Assigning no schoolwork. D.Showing no sympathy. 4.How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good? A.It eases peer pressure. B.It helps them live in hope. C.It frees them from aches. D.It entertains them with stories. Passage 3 (2025·北京卷) Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no.The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes.The parent argued that none of her friends' parents let them have screens after 9 o'clock.“I thought, in this family, we don't compare ourselves with other people, Dad？” the teenager replied.The parent — who was me, by the way—just got served.Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people.I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn't win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given.In my defence, I did what we've all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances.But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble.But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work.The social comparisons we make—ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves—are vital to our ability to thrive (成长).Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don't, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views — for example, “Wow, things could be much worse; I'm doing great.” What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances.How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison.That's something we all have control over. 1.How did the author feel about his daughter's argument? A.Excited. B.Inspired. C.Energized. D.Relieved. 2.What does the word “nuances” underlined in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A.Major achievements. B.Complex feelings. C.Significant impacts. D.Fine differences. 3.Which would be the best title for the passage? A.Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B.Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C.Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D.Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science Passage 4 (2025·北京卷) The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn't always match what others perceive.Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone's values, beliefs, goals and social roles.Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story's author.People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose.Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well­being and certain story themes.He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person's mental health.Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events.“People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth，” says Johnson.His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions.The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎).For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events.She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”.Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on 1 January are more effective for this reason.So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运). 1.What can be inferred about personal stories? A.They are unrelated to health. B.Consistent ones lead to stress. C.They are relevant to happiness. D.Thematic ones hold back change. 2.What can we learn from this passage? A.Talking about gains from failure is negative. B.New Year resolutions are well received. C.The West tends to overvalue optimism. D.Social roles fail to be highlighted. 3.What does the author mainly do in this passage? A.Clarify a goal. B.Analyse an event. C.Make a comparison. D.Illustrate an approach. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A.How self­identity works. B.How story­tellers are made. C.How personal stories raise doubts. D.How timing affects personal identity. Passage 5 (2025·浙江卷1月) When I was a child I was often told what not to eat.“You don't want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood.It really messed up my relationship with food—something that took me years to overcome.Because of this，I'm careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people.I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert.But one day when I heard her saying “I think I'm too fat”， my heart sank.It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey，a professor of psychology，food is one of the rare subjects where，as parents，saying less is more.“ There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through，but I'm not convinced that food is one of them，” she says.“It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren't necessarily healthy.” Instead，she recommends applying a well­known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility”， where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times，and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume—even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions.“When your child says，‘My stomach hurts，’ you can say，‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices，’” says Markey.“Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive，they do make better decisions.“Feeding is a long game，” says Markey.“The food you have available makes a huge difference.Even if they don't eat it，they're seeing it.And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 1.What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A.She is upset by her kids' weight. B.She is critical of the way she was fed. C.She is interested in making food. D.She is particular about what she eats. 2.Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A.Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B.Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C.Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D.Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 3.What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”？ A.Make diet decisions on their own. B.Share their food with other kids. C.Eat up what is provided for them. D.Help their parents do the dishes. 4.What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A.Costly. B.Complex. C.Workable. D.Contradictory. Passage 6 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro­Fam (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically，it's a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored.Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre­seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover，having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single­use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment，”said a BMF employee. 1.What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A.It guarantees the variety of food. B.It requires day­to­day care. C.It cuts the farm­to­table distance. D.It relies on farmer's markets. 2.What information does the convenient app offer? A.Real­time weather changes. B.Current condition of the plants. C.Chemical pollutants in the soil. D.Availability of pre­seeded pods. 3.What can be concluded about BMF employees? A.They have a great passion for sports. B.They are devoted to community service. C.They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D.They have a strong environmental awareness. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A.BMF's major strengths. B.BMF's general management. C.BMF's global influence. D.BMF's technical standards. Passage 7 (2024·浙江卷1月) When was the last time you used a telephone box？I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain.Ages ago，right？The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006.I was conducting auditions(试演)for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing，I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more“young professional”. As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets，the door swung shut behind me.Suddenly I was locked outside.My mobile phone was inside，but luckily there was a telephone box across the street.So，I called Directory Assistance，got put through to our landlady's managing agent，and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. As it has been many years since I last used one，I should hardly be surprised that there are no longer any public telephones near my house.The last one standing has just been turned into a “mini community library”：any passer­by can “borrow” a book from its shelves，and return it later，or replace it with another title from their own collection. For a few months after the “library” opened，I didn't bother taking a look，as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories.Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there.And these books were free.This unbeatable price point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying.And I've discovered some great books! If I ever get trapped outside my house again，my local telephone box will，sadly，no longer be able to connect me with my keys.But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me. 1.What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to? A.The play. B.The shared house. C.The sofa. D.The telephone box. 2.Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? A.To place an urgent call. B.To put up a notice. C.To shelter from the rain. D.To hold an audition. 3.What do we know about the “mini community library”？ A.It provides phone service for free. B.Anyone can contribute to its collection. C.It is popular among young readers. D.Books must be returned within a month. 4.Why did the author start to use the “library”？ A.He wanted to borrow some love stories. B.He was encouraged by a close neighbour. C.He found there were excellent free books. D.He thought it was an ideal place for reading. Passage 8 (2024·全国甲卷) Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance，almost all animals have distinct vocals(声音)that they rely on to either ask for help，scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it.If a pet cat is hungry，it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.However，when a cat is looking for affection，they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses，but their sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax.However，another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats，which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit，but cats take_this_behavior_up_a_notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物).Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it! 1.What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A.It's a survival skill. B.It's taught by mother cats. C.It's hard to interpret. D.It's getting louder with age. 2.How does a pet cat assess different situations? A.By listening for sounds. B.By touching familiar objects. C.By checking on smells. D.By communicating with other cats. 3.Which best explains the phrase “take ... up a notch” in paragraph 3? A.Perform appropriately. B.Move faster. C.Act strangely. D.Do better. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B.Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C.Have Fun with Your Cat D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy Passage 9 (2024·全国甲卷) The Saint Lukas train doesn't accept passengers—it accepts only the sick.The Saint Lukas is one of five government­sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia.Each stop lasts an average of two days，and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care，X­ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning，”says Emile Ducke，a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two­week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization.The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem，particularly in the poorer，rural areas east of the Volga River，including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.For 10 months every year，the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks，before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给).Then it starts all over again the next month.Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train's equipment allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，”says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 1.How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A.It runs across countries. B.It reserves seats for the seniors. C.It functions as a hospital. D.It travels along a river. 2.What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A.It is heavily populated. B.It offers training for doctors. C.It is a modern city. D.It needs medical aid. 3.How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A.About a year. B.About ten months. C.About two months. D.About two weeks. 4.What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas'services? A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful. C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious. Passage 10 (2024·北京卷) Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment.Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised.These universal norms far pre­date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong.The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked.These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community.More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self­care.Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid.Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life.Good social habits do something similar in a social context.We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self­serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient.We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much.Hence self­discipline is advantageous.In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self­control, just as it boosts problem­solving skills in the social as well as the physical world.These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 1.What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit's moral code? A.Living conditions were the drive. B.Unwritten rules were the target. C.Social tradition was the basis. D.Honesty was the key. 2.What can we learn from this passage? A.Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. B.Basic human needs lead to universal norms. C.Language capacity is limited by self­control. D.Written laws have great influence on virtues. 3.Which would be the best title for this passage? A.Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B.The Values of Self­discipline C.Brains: Walls Against Chaos D.The Roots of Morality Passage 11 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high­quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. 1.What is the book aimed at? A.Teaching critical thinking skills. B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C.Solving philosophical problems. D.Promoting the use of a digital device. 2.What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Clear­up. B.Add­on. C.Check­in. D.Take­over. 3.What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A.Theoretical models. B.Statistical methods. C.Practical examples. D.Historical analyses. 4.What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A.Use them as needed. B.Recommend them to friends. C.Evaluate their effects. D.Identify the ideas behind them. Passage 12 (2023·全国乙卷) Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10­minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy­looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 1.How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest? A.By teaming up with other photographers. B.By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C.By studying the geographical conditions. D.By creating settings in the corn fields. 2.What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author? A.Proper time management. B.Good shooting techniques. C.Adventurous spirit. D.Distinctive styles. 3.What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake? A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D.They had problems with their equipment. 4.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake? A.Amusing. B.Satisfying. C.Encouraging. D.Comforting. Passage 13 (2023·全国甲卷) Terri Bolton is a_dab_hand when it comes to DIY (do­it­yourself).Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays.A day's work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.She says: “I'm sure I wasn't much of a help to start with.But when Derek built out family house about eight years ago，I was heavily involved(参与)，painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house.It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.” Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end.She adds: “I've moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it's been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out.” With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done.The average spend per project will be around ￡823.Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home.A fifth wish to increase the value of their houses.Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge. 1.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A.An artist. B.A winner. C.A specialist. D.A pioneer. 2.Why did Terri's grandfather give her ￡5 a day? A.For a birthday gift. B.As a treat for her work. C.To support her DIY projects. D.To encourage her to take up a hobby. 3.How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented? A.By making it look like before. B.By furnishing it herself. C.By splitting the rent with a roommate. D.By cancelling the rental agreement. 4.What trend in DIY does the research show? A.It is becoming more costly. B.It is getting more time­consuming. C.It is turning into a seasonal industry. D.It is gaining popularity among females. Passage 14 (2023·浙江卷1月) Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you're looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to_jump_on_that_bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me.I've learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you'll find encouraging if you're doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not­always­supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back.I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach.I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn't need.Since I had my own toiletries(洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable.I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries.Perhaps your household won't entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you're doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate.If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won't do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action. 1.What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? A.Share an apartment with you. B.Join you in what you're doing. C.Transform your way of living. D.Help you to make the decision. 2.What was the attitude of the author's father toward buying groceries with jars? A.He disapproved of it. B.He was sympathetic to it. C.He was tolerant of it. D.He didn't care about it. 3.What can we infer about the author? A.She is quite good at cooking. B.She respects others' privacy. C.She enjoys being a housewife. D.She is a determined person. 4.What is the text mainly about? A.How to get on well with other family members. B.How to have one's own personal space at home. C.How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. D.How to control the budget when buying groceries. Passage 15 (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them, it's just normal. This hit_home_for_me as I was sitting with my 2­year­old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age. Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger. What's up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid? Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that. Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high­tech world. It's an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique. Like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I've even built websites. There's one notable gap in my new­media experience，however: I've spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn't stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province. Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2­year­old grandson sees it on his tablet. 1.What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2? A.Provided shelter for me. B.Became very clear to me. C.Took the pressure off me. D.Worked quite well on me. 2.Why did the kid poke the storybook? A.He took it for a tablet computer. B.He disliked the colorful pictures. C.He was angry with his grandpa. D.He wanted to read it by himself. 3.What does the author think of himself? A.Socially ambitious. B.Physically attractive. C.Financially independent. D.Digitally competent. 4.What can we learn about the author as a journalist? A.He lacks experience in his job. B.He seldom appears on television. C.He manages a video department. D.He often interviews Internet stars. Passage 16 (2022·全国甲卷) As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica，she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello.These gentle，lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick­started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood，Ginni，now 71，has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career(职业)as a professional dancer，she toured in the UK，but always longed to explore further.When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest，she decided it was time to take_the_plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts，Ginni began to travel the world，eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last­minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego，the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted to go，”she says.“I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous，I just wanted to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008，Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before，to begin the journey towards Antarctica.“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises，the whole experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，”Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land，to be respected by humans，was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 1.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? A.Try challenging things. B.Take a degree. C.Bring back lost memories. D.Stick to a promise. 2.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? A.Lovely penguins. B.Beautiful scenery. C.A discount fare. D.A friend's invitation. 3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? A.It could be a home for her. B.It should be easily accessible. C.It should be well preserved. D.It needs to be fully introduced. 4.What is the text mainly about? A.A childhood dream. B.An unforgettable experience. C.Sailing around the world. D.Meeting animals in Antarctica. Passage 17 (2022·全国乙卷) The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate，the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April，2016，the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml，was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖).It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar，putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury.However，data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019，which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge，according to Treasury figures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import，depending on the sugar content. However，some high sugar brands，like Classic Coca Cola，have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices，milk­based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax，as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Today's figures，according to one government official，show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance，and the industry is playing its part. 1.Why was the sugar tax introduced? A.To collect money for schools. B.To improve the quality of drinks. C.To protect children's health. D.To encourage research in education. 2.How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? A.They turned to overseas markets. B.They raised the prices of their products. C.They cut down on their production. D.They reduced their products' sugar content. 3.From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? A.Most alcoholic drinks. B.Milk­based drinks. C.Fruit juices. D.Classic Coke. 4.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? A.It is a short­sighted decision. B.It is a success story. C.It benefits manufacturers. D.It upsets customers. Passage 18 (2022·浙江卷1月) For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self­employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis (危机) in the late 2000s.The downturn hit the real estate (房地产) firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home，and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1，600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job. Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas. This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. He moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the California coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off­road biking. It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30，000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car，even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless－the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must handle alone, though.Merebeth says, “When I'm on the road I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent­spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals.” 1.Why did Merebeth change her job? A.She wanted to work near her home. B.She was tired of working in the office. C.Her sister asked her to move to Denver. D.Her former employer was out of business. 2.The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to ________. A.make money B.try various jobs C.be close to nature D.travel to different places 3.What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job? A.She has chances to see rare animals. B.She works hard throughout the year. C.She relies on herself the whole time. D.She earns a basic and tax­free salary. Passage 19 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer.In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner.“I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.” Mr.Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years.His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage. “A lot of skills are needed for the job.You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr.Titterton explained. Being a page turner requires plenty of practice.Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and required up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages.Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner. But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong.“I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand，” Ms.Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.” Most page turners are piano students or up­and­coming concert pianists, although Ms.Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage. “My husband is the worst page turner，” she laughed.“He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say：‘Turn, turn！’Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life.” 1.What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner? A.Read music. B.Play the piano. C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments. 2.Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage? A.Boring. B.Well­paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous. 3.What does Titterton need to practice? A.Counting the pages. B.Recognizing the “nodding”. C.Catching falling objects. D.Performing in his own style. 4.Why is Ms Raspopova's husband “the worst page turner”？ A.He has very poor eyesight. B.He ignores the audience. C.He has no interest in music. D.He forgets to do his job. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $色学科网书城国 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 题组四社会生活类 Passage 1 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一位写作课老师的教学经历。学生最初对写作的 重要性缺乏理解，但在作者调整教学主题后，他们的创作热情和成果令人惊叹，这让作者认识到写 作最有影响力的意义在于连接人心、传递人性。 1D推断判断题。由第一段首句可知，在作者九年级写作课上，作者遇见了一个骑马牧人、一 位严厉的父亲和一个当代的“朱丽叶”。再根据第一段第二句可知，这些人物都是作者的学生创作的。 由此可推知，这些人物应该都是学生在写作中创作的虚构人物。A项“九年级学生”是创作者；B 项“学生的父母”未提及；C项“现代作家”与文意不符。故选D。 2D推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知，学生的第一篇作文的题目是“写作为什么重要？”， 结果大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有能被称作论点的句子，即学生写作表现不好。然后作者对 此进行了思考，意识到问题出在题月本身，学生本可以就电脑的必要性写几页文字，却压根不觉得 写作本身有何重要。再结合第三段的“This time they found the exercise much more interesting.”可推知， 学生们的第一篇文章写得不好是因为学生对写作的重要性缺乏理解，对话题缺乏兴趣。故选D。 3.B词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories.touched my heart.”可知，这一次学生们选择了多元主题，交上来的故事每篇l0到20页长， 角色既拓宽了作者的视野，又触动了作者的内心。由此可推知，这次学生的写作成果是令人惊叹的， 故画线词与B项的含义最为接近。A项“混合的”；C项“相似的”；D项“令人不安的”均不符 合语境。故选B。 4.A推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I walked into class believing that writing is important..my students demonstrated something more important to me.""the ability to connect people,to put us in another's skin,to teach us what it means to be human”可知，最初走进教室时，作者认为写作的重要 性在于它是沟通的工具，但学生们向作者展示了其更深刻的意义，即连接人心、共情他人、理解人 性，这体现了A项的“教学相长”。B项“静水流深”；C项“知识就是力量”；D项“熟能生巧”。 故选A。 Passage 2 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Kathy Ho在开设于儿童医院中的学校里充当 的角色，以及这所学校如何帮助患者在住院期间心怀梦想，继续学习。 l.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘Here'is room386,where each year,about500LPCH patients also become students.Most of Ho's students will recover'”可知，LPCH的病人会成为学生，且 绝大多数学生会康复。由此可知，Ho教的学生就是医院中生病的孩子，故选A。 2.D细节理解题。根据第三段中Ho对自己工作的描述“I'm a coach,an adviser,and a comforter, and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher”可知，Ho既是教练，又是导师和安慰者，由此可见， 独家授权侵权必究 色学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Ho在工作中要扮演很多不同的角色，故选D。 3.C词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句I feel like it is a disservice to the kids和下一句They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork”可知，it指代的是一种会让学生感到老师不关注他们学 业的行为。结合上文中的“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments;they express sympathy instead.”可知，有些老师不给孩子们任何作业，这种行为会让孩子们觉得老师不关注他们的学业， 故C项应该是it指代的具体内容。disservice“损害”。故选C。 4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中Good所说的“It's about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life.Those kids have dreams.School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow”可知，医院学校让生病的孩子们拥有充实的生活，给他们提供了学习和成长的途径，让 孩子们的梦想得以延续。由此可见，G0©d认为医院学校给孩子们带来的好处就是让他们能够带着希 望生活，B项“它帮助他们带着希望生活”。故选B。 Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己和女儿关于能否延长看屏幕时间的 争论，引出对社会比较这一观念的思考，指出并非所有社会比较都不健康，若理解其原理，可加以 利用促进自我提升。 l.B推理判断题。根据第二段“Although my daughter didn'twin,she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given.(虽然我女儿没有赢，但她确实帮助揭露了我曾经给出的最糟糕 的建议之一。)”以及后文作者对社会比较的重新思考可知，作者从女儿的争论中得到了启发。故 选B。 2.D词义猜测题。根据第二段“In my defence,I did what we've all done before,which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances But now is the time to set the record straight,which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy.(为自己辩护一下，我做了我们所有人都 做过的事，就是重复那些大家都认可的观点，却没有探究其中的…。但现在是时候纠正这个观点 了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。)”可知，作者之前只是重复普遍观点，没 有深入探究不同情况，现在要重新审视，所以“nuances'”意思可能是“细微差别”。故选D。 3.A主旨大意题。根据第三段“Social comparisons do,of course,.often get us into emotional trouble..But they can be harnessed(利用)for our betterment if we understand how they work.(当然，t社会 比较常常会给我们带来情感困扰。但如果我们了解其运作原理，就可以利用它们来提升自我。)”， 以及第四段“Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don't,or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation(如果你关注那些比你表现出色的人所拥有而你没有的东 西，与他们比较可能会导致嫉妒之情；但如果你将这些比较作为动力来源，它也可以让你充满活力 并受到鼓舞)”等内容可知，社会比较并非全然有害，若运用得当可成为健康习惯，助力个人发展。 独家授权权必究 色学科网书城国 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 所以选项A“与他人比较可以成为一种健康的习惯”为最佳标题，故选A。 Passage 4 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系 及如何改变个人故事。 l.C细节理解题。根据第三段中“People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity,and they feel their life has more meaning,direction and sense of purpose.Such people show greater overall life satisfaction,.too.(拥有更一致故事的人往往有更强的身份认同感，他们觉得自己的生 活更有意义、更有方向、更有目标感。这样的人总体上对生活的满意度也更高。)”可知，个人故事 与幸福感相关。故选C。 2.C推理判断题。根据第五段中“She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud.(她说，西方文化已经促使人们在每一片乌云背后寻找一线希望。)” 可推知，西方倾向于过度重视乐观主义。故选C。 3.D推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The call to 'know yourself"has been there since ancient times,but our sense of self doesn't always match what others perceive.Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better..(‘认识你自己'这一呼吁自古便有， 但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮 助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then,in the 198Os,Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity,in which he proposes that,as we go through life,these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives.(然后，在20世纪80 年代，鲍勃约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的 记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”以及第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well--being and certain story themes.(约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某 些故事主题之间的联系。)”可推知，文章主要阐述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系，并 举例说明了如何通过改变个人故事来影响自我认同和幸福感，因此作者主要是在阐述一种方法。故 选D。 4.A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The call to‘know yourself has been there since ancient times,but our sense of self doesn't always match what others perceive.Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better..(‘认识你自己’这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己 的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好 的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then,in the 198Os,Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity,in which he proposes that,as we go through life,these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives.(然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍 勃约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起 独家授权侵权必究 色学科网书城国 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”以及第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes.(约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主 题之间的联系。)”可推知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析 了其形成、作用及相关研究。“How self-identity works.(自我认同是如何运作的。)”符合文意。故选 A。 Passage 5 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历引出对孩子饮食教育方式的探讨，建议父 母语言适度，并基于“责任分工”这一理念来帮助孩子建立健康饮食习惯。 1B推理判断题。第一段前两句讲在作者小时候，作者经常被告知哪些食物不能吃，“你不想 变胖”这句话在作者的童年时期不断被重复。然后讲父母这种喂养方式对作者的影响，即“It really messed up my relationship with food--something that took me years to overcome.(它真的破坏了我与食 物的关系一我花了很多年才克服。)”由此可推知，作者对父母的喂养方式进行了批判，故选B。 2.C推理判断题。根据第二段Charlotte Markey所说的话“There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through,but I'm not convinced that food is one of them”可知，在养育子女时，很 多事情是值得详细讨论的，但食物不在其中，故C项“向孩子解释吃零食的风险”是Charlotte Markey 不主张的。故选C。 3.A细节理解题。根据题干的Division of Responsibility”可将答案定位在第三段。根据该段的 "where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times,and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume'”可知，根据“责任分工”理念，父母被建 议在固定的时间为孩子提供各种各样的基本健康的食品，孩子们自己决定他们吃什么和吃多少，故 选A。 4.C观点态度题。根据最后一段的“I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive,they do make better decisions.”可知，作者一直在尝试这些策略，作者发现当自己 对孩子的限制更少时，他们确实做出了更好的决定。由此可知，作者认为她遵循的策略是有效果的， C项workable“可行的，行得通的”正确。costly“代价高的，损失大的”；complex“复杂的，难 懂的”；contradictory“相互矛盾的，对立的”。故选C。 Passage 6 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一家旨在为人们提供新鲜食材的BMF公司。 l.C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However,most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.""Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF)shortens it even more.”可知，大部分商店的农产品要经历几周的运输并跨越很长距离才能到达人们的餐桌。 BMF公司大大缩短了这一过程。末句中的it”代指前文的journey”,并和选项C中的distance”构成 同义词替换，故选C。 独家授权侵权必究 色学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 2.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time”可知，有一个便捷的应用程序实时提供（植物的）生长数据，这和B项的意思契合。故选B。 3.D推理判断题。根据文章末段中对BMF公司员工的生活和工作情况的描述以及BF员工 的自述“We are passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals in our environment”可知，BMF 员工们在日常生活中践行可持续发展，大约半数的员工走路或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通 过限制垃圾桶数量及避免使用一次性塑料的方式鼓励回收利用及减少废物。他们都热衷于减少环境 中的废物、碳和化学物质。据此可以推断：BF公司的员工有着强烈的环保意识，故选D。 4.A文章主旨大意题。文章首段介绍BF公司缩短了食物到餐桌的运输过程，接着第二至四 段介绍了BMF的创新设计系统及其优势，最后一段介绍了BMF员工在生活和工作中践行可持续发 展。综上所述，文章从各个方面凸显了BMF的优势。 Passage 7 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己最后一次使用电话亭的经历，并发现家附近 最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你社区图书馆”，这为社区提供了新的价值。 l.B词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“I was conducting auditions(试演)for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.""I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more‘young professional..’”可推断出，作者是在合租房里安排试演，为了给一些有天赋的演员留 下深刻印象而将合租房布置了一番，故选B。 2A推理判断题。根据题干信息将答案定位在第一、二段。第二段提到作者被锁在了门外，但 是幸运的是“there was a telephone box across the street'”,因此作者打电话拿到了备用钥匙，才得以及 时赶回家。由此可推断出，在2006年作者使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话，故选A。 3.B细节理解题。根据题干中的mini community library'”将答案锁定在第三段。由该段中的“a 'mini community library':any passer-by can...or replace it with another title from their own collection”可知，任何路过的人都能用自己的另一本藏书来替换其中的一本书，也就是说任何人都 可以为这个图书馆的藏书做出贡献，A项“它提供免费电话服务”；C项“它在年轻读者中受欢迎”； D项“一个月之内必须归还图书”。故选B。 4.C细节理解题。根据第四段可知，作者一开始认为这个“图书馆”里都是一些庸俗的爱情故 事书，但后来却注意到那里有各种主题的大部头书，而且这些书都是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格 点鼓励作者尝试许多自己通常不会考虑购买的书，并且发现了一些很棒的书。由此可知，作者因为 发现那里有免费的好书，才转变之前的想法，开始使用这个“图书馆”。故选C。 Passage 8 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了猫的生活习性，它们的叫声特别，能与人类交 流，嗅觉敏锐，能识别主人，许多猫会将在外面找到的物品带给主人表达爱意。 1.A细节理解题。本题题干问“从第一段中可以学到关于猫的喵喵叫的什么信息？”。根据第 独家授权侵权必究 色学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 一段中的“They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows...a pet cat is hungry,it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.""Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat...be fed." 可知，猫用喵喵叫和人对话。如果一只宠物猫饿了，它会不停地喵喵叫以吸引注意力并找到食物。 从小猫一出生就开始喵喵叫了，小猫用它来吸引猫妈妈的注意并被喂食。由此可知，喵喵叫是猫的 生存技能。故选A。 2.C推理判断题。根据第二段的They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.looking for familiar smells..”可知，猫用鼻子评估环境并留心任何危险迹象。它们 能够区分不同环境的另一种方法是寻找熟悉的气味。由此可推断，猫通过检查气味来评估不同的环 境。故选C。 3.D词义猜测题。画线短语前提到狗以其令人印象深刻的取物习惯而闻名，下文介绍了猫的行 为，它们会将在外面找到的物品带到主人身边以表达它们的爱意，故画线短语所在部分表明猫将这 种行为提升了一个档次，它们在取物方面做得更好。D项可以解释画线短语含义。故选D。 4.B文章主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，第一段介绍了猫的惊人的发声技能，第二段介绍了猫的 嗅觉敏锐，能够区分不同的环境，第三段介绍了猫的令人印象深刻的取物习惯，这些都属于对猫的 行为的介绍。B项“理解猫的行为”概括了文章内容，适合作标题。故选B。 Passage 9 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。Saint Lukas列车为俄罗斯一些偏远地区提供医疗服务。 l.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Saint Lukas is one of five government--sponsored medical trains'”和“doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions”可知，Saint Lukas列车是政府资助的医疗列车，列车上有医生和护士为乡村 人口提供基本的医疗等，C项“它的作用相当于一个医院”符合题意。故选C。 2.D推理判断题。第三段首句提到俄罗斯的公共医疗服务急需现代化。再结合第三段中的 "address the problem,particularly in the poorer,rural areas..arranging doctor's appointments...motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk”可以推知，Krasnoyarsk是 俄罗斯一个贫穷的、医疗条件比较差的偏远乡村，D项“它需要医疗援助”符合题意。故选D。 3.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Forl0 months every year,,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock.”可知，该s列车每年 有十个月都会进行这样的工作：在大约八个站点停留两周多，然后返回补充燃料和补给。因此，该 列车一次补给可以工作两周左右，故选D。 4.A观点态度题。根据最后一段中Ducke的话I was very impressed'和“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.'可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas列车服务的态 度是赞赏的。故选A。 Passage 10 独家授权权必究· 色学科网书城国 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZXXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，介绍了早期 人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中。 l.C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Here,norms(规范)were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly,but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of, leadership,marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos,it was strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding,the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense..(在这里，规范是不成文的，很少明确表达，但被很好地理解和铭记。不赞成不诚实 和暴力行为；领导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散控制。冲突往往通过音乐斗争来 解决。因为愤怒的争论会导致混乱，所以强烈反对。在无情的加拿大北部，生活的要求如此之高， 因纽特人对待道德的务实态度很有道理。)”可知，因纽特人的生活中，规范是不成文的，因纽特人 的道德准则的形成是以社会传统为基础的。故选C。 2.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These universal norms far predate the concept of any moralising religion or written law Instead,they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.(这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法 律的概念。相反，它们植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制。)”可知， 普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本 需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。故选B。 3.D主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Franz Boas's description of Inuit(因纽特人)life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.(弗朗兹博厄斯对l9世纪因纽特人生活的描 述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则。)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论， 主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解 决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章标题。故选D。 Passage 11 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文向读者介绍了一本书，该书解释了何为数字极简主义 并提供了实现极简主义生活方式的方法。 l.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism”、第二段中的“digital lives'”和最后一段中的a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle'”可知， 本书旨在倡导一种简单的数字生活方式。故选B。 2.A词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“step away from”可知，画线词表示“清除，清理”，A项 含义与画线词含义相近。 3.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的'In the final chapter of part one,I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter'”“You'll hear these participants'stories'”可知，第一部分的最后一章提供 独家授权侵权必究 色学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 了真实的例子。 4.A推断判断题。根据最后一段中的You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances''可知，作者建议读者把 这些方法当成帮助自己实现极简主义生活方式的工具，即在需要的时候使用这些方法。故选A。 Passage 12 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了美国爱荷华州的一位摄影师的拍摄日常，为了 拍出优秀的风景照，摄影师付出了很多，其中不乏艰辛，当然有收获也有遗憾。 l.B细节理解题。根据第二段的“To make some of my landscape shots.the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way”可知，作者和他的朋友们到州公园或农村去拍照，以此来应 对中西部缺少地理多样性的挑战。故B项正确。 2.A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，恰当的地点和恰当的时间对于拍摄任何风格的照片 都起着决定性的作用。第三段的最后一句验证了作者所说。故A项正确。 3.C推理判断题。根据第四段的“However,.we did not mark the route(路线).it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time”可知，文中描述的是几乎完全错过了日落，之后安 置拍摄设备的时间就非常有限了，也就是说他们比预想的到达得晚。故C项正确。 4.B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Stil,looking back on the photos.if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely''可知，虽然有准备不充分和时间管理不明智等方面的遗憾，作 者依然认为这是一些自己拍得最好的照片。故B项正确。 Passage 13 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。泰瑞·博尔顿是自己动手方面的能手，她擅长搭架子和拼装 家具，这一能力得益于小时候她外祖父对她的培养。利用这一技能，她修饰房子，减少押金损失。 研究表明，自己动手己经成为暑期的项目，女性成为这一项目的潮流领导者。 1.C词义猜测题。根据第一段的Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture,.she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself'”可知，泰瑞博尔顿擅长搭架子和拼装家具，她 自己能做的工作从不付钱给别人做。据此可知，她是自我动手方面的专家，故画线部分意为“专家”。 2.B细节理解题。根据第二段的“Aday's work was rewarded with￡5 in pocket money”可知， 一天的工作使她得到五镑零用钱的奖励。据此可知，她外祖父给她零钱是为了奖励她一天的工作。 故B项正确。 3.A推理判断题。根据第三段泰瑞·博尔顿所说的话T've moved house many times..repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out'”可知，她已经搬了很多次家了，总是喜欢把自己的房间 个性化，挂上照片。所以，知道如何掩盖洞和重新粉刷房间是很有用的，这样搬出去的时候就可以 避免任何费用。据此可知，她通过使房子看起来和入住时一样来避免损失押金。故A项正确。 4.D细节理解题。根据第四段的“Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby,the 独家授权卧权必究 色学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 research shows it is women now leading the charge'”可知，尽管DIY传统上被认为是男性的爱好，但研 究表明，现在是女性主导了这一潮流。据此可推知，DIY当前深受女性欢迎。故D项正确。 Passage 14 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在最开始尝试“零浪费”生活方式时，家人并不理解 她的做法，但她仍然坚持并建议读者用行动引领生活方式的转变。 l.B词义猜测题。根据画线部分前的“Live with roommates？”“Have friends and family around you？”及looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle”提及地对生活方式的渴望，再根据下文 描述的作者在生活方式的选择上与家人不同时的经历可推断，此处表示当你想选择更加可持续的生 活方式时，不是身边的所有人都会加入其中，故B项与画线词组的意思最为接近。 2.A观点态度题。根据第三段中的“my dad commented on..jars everywhere”可知，父亲对作者在 “零浪费”生活方式上做的尝试并不赞同，故A项正确。 3.D推理判断题。根据第三段中的how silly it was”“a bit discouraging”可知，作者在最开始尝 试可持续生活方式时并不顺利，未获得家人支持。根据第二段中的“I experienced this.,zero waste like me”及下文内容可知，作者仍然坚持自己的“零浪费”生活方式。由此可知，虽然在生活方式上的转 变未获得家人的支持，但她依然坚持，可见她是一个意志坚定的人，故D项正确。 4.C主旨大意题。文章第一、二段讲述了在家庭生活中实行“零浪费”生活方式可能遭遇反对， 第三、四段讲述了作者自身如何通过行动在家庭中改变生活方式，第五段讲述了当你改变生活方式 时，你可能遭遇的情况，第六段讲述了作者给读者的建议，再根据第二段尾句中的“how you can make the change in a not-always-.supportive household”可知，文章主要内容与如何在家庭生活中实现“零浪 费”生活方式有关，故C项正确。 Passage 15 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给 孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。 l.B词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling,with many new multimedia tools.Many young people don't even realize it'snew.For them,it's just normal..”以及画线词后 文“as I was sitting with my2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可知，作者 是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新 的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了 这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。 2.A细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books.His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.He thought my storybook was like that..(事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台 装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的 独家授权权必究 色学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。 3.D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well,I may be old,butI'm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking.I edit video and produce audio.I use mobile payment.I've even built websites. 老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我 甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选D。 4.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There's one notable gap in my new-media experience, however::I've spent little time in front of a camera,since I have a face made for radio.(然而，在我的新媒体 体验中有一个明显的差距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记 者他很少上电视。故选B。 Passage 16 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍71岁的Ginni Bazlinton终生难忘的南极洲之 旅。 l.A词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前“Throughout her career(职业)as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK,but always longed to explore further..(在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡 演，但一直渴望进一步探索。)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Gin在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝 试有挑战性的事情。所以画线词take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思 接近。故选A。 2.C细节理解题。根据第三段“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在 最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣票价让Gini决定去南极洲 旅行的。故选C。 3.C细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，旅行结束后，Gini认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。 故选C。 4.B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Bazlinton去南极洲旅行的经历，再根 据倒数第二段中Ginni Bazlinton对南极洲之旅的评价“the whole experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has”可知，去南极洲旅行让她非常难忘。故选B。 Passage 17 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍英国政府对软饮料征收糖税来解决儿童以及 青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。 l.C细节理解题。根据第二段“First announced in April,20l6,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.(2016 年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。)”可知，征 独家授权佳收必究