Unit 4 Rules are rules 派生法记单词 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语冀教版选择性必修第四册

该冀教版选必4 Unit 4高中英语知识清单聚焦派生法词汇学习，以36个核心原词为基础，通过反义词、词性转换等构词方式拓展派生词，结合中英双语例句构建“原词-派生词-语境应用”的学习支架，帮助学生系统梳理词汇网络。 知识链路按“原词释义-语境例句-派生词拓展-用法示例”逻辑递进，涵盖词性、语义及应用场景。亮点在于通过对比（如subjective-objective）、词性转换（如harm-harmful）等策略培养思维品质，依托社会规则等主题例句提升语言能力，助力掌握科学词汇学习方法，发展自主学习能力。

冀教版 选必4 Unit 4 Rules are rules.派生法记单词 序号 原词 例句 派生词 例句 1 subjective adj. 主观的；主语的 评价作品时，要避免主观判断，多考虑客观因素。When evaluating works, we should avoid subjective judgments and consider more objective factors. objective adj. 客观的（反义词） 我们需要平衡主观观点和客观事实，得出合理结论。We need to balance subjective opinions and objective facts to draw reasonable conclusions. 2 constitution n. 章程；宪法 每个国家的宪法都规定了公民的基本权利和义务。The constitution of each country stipulates citizens' basic rights and obligations. 1. constitute v. 构成；建立2. constitutional adj. 宪法的；符合章程的 1. 这些条款构成了公司运营的基本规则。These clauses constitute the basic rules for the company's operation.2. 公民应依法行使宪法赋予的权利，履行相应义务。Citizens should exercise constitutional rights in accordance with the law and fulfill corresponding obligations. 3 liberty n. 自由 在法律范围内，每个人都享有言论和行动的自由。Within the scope of the law, everyone enjoys liberty of speech and action. 1. liberal adj. 自由的；开明的2. liberate v. 解放 1. 这个开明的社会尊重每个人的自由选择。This liberal society respects everyone's free choices.2. 革命先烈们解放了人民，让大家获得了真正的自由。Revolutionary martyrs liberated the people and gave them real liberty. 4 behave v. 表现；表现得体 在公共场合要表现得体，遵守社会公德。We should behave properly in public and abide by social ethics. 1. behavior n. 行为；举止2. well-behaved adj. 表现好的 1. 良好的行为习惯能给他人留下好印象。Good behavior habits can leave a good impression on others.2. 这所学校的学生都很听话，深受老师和家长好评。The students in this school are all well-behaved and highly praised by teachers and parents. 5 consistent adj. 一致的；连续的 他的论点逻辑一致，前后没有矛盾。His arguments are consistent in logic and have no contradictions. 1. consistency n. 一致性；连贯性2. consist v. 由…组成 1. 文章的连贯性很重要，能让读者更容易理解内容。The consistency of the article is very important, making it easier for readers to understand the content.2. 这个团队由不同专业的成员组成，结构合理且顺序一致。This team consists of members from different majors, with a reasonable structure and consistent order. 6 harm v. 伤害；损害 n. 伤害 随意丢弃垃圾会伤害环境，破坏生态平衡。Randomly discarding garbage will harm the environment and destroy the ecological balance. 1. harmful adj. 有害的2. harmless adj. 无害的 1. 这些有害物质会污染土壤，影响农作物生长。These harmful substances will pollute the soil and affect crop growth.2. 这款产品成分安全，是无害的，适合所有人群使用。This product has safe ingredients, is harmless, and suitable for all people to use. 7 crime n. 犯罪活动；不法行为 警方加大了打击犯罪活动的力度，维护社会安全。The police have increased efforts to crack down on crime and maintain social security. 1. criminal adj. 犯罪的；罪犯 n. 罪犯2. criminal n. 罪犯 1. 这个犯罪集团涉嫌多起盗窃和诈骗案件。This criminal group is suspected of multiple theft and fraud cases.2. 经过周密部署，警方成功逮捕了多名参与犯罪的罪犯。After careful deployment, the police successfully arrested many criminals involved in crime. 8 theft n. 偷窃；偷盗罪 这家商店安装了监控，有效预防了偷窃事件的发生。This store installed surveillance, effectively preventing theft from happening. 1. thieve v. 偷窃2. thief n. 小偷 1. 他因在超市偷窃商品，被保安当场抓获。He was caught on the spot by security guards for thieving goods in the supermarket.2. 这个小偷因多次偷窃，被判处相应的法律责任。This thief was sentenced to corresponding legal liability for theft many times. 9 prison n. 监禁；监狱 那些严重违法的人会被送进监狱，接受法律的制裁。Those who violate the law seriously will be sent to prison to receive legal sanctions. 1. prisoner n. 囚犯2. imprison v. 监禁 1. 监狱里的囚犯需要接受教育和劳动改造，争取重新做人。Prisoners in prison need to receive education and labor reform to strive for a new life.2. 法院判决监禁这些罪犯，以维护社会的公平正义。The court decided to imprison these criminals to maintain social fairness and justice. 10 warning n. 警告；警示 路边的警告标志提醒司机前方路段有施工，需减速慢行。The warning sign on the roadside reminds drivers that there is construction ahead and they need to slow down. warn v. 警告；提醒 老师警告学生不要在课堂上玩手机，以免影响学习。The teacher warned students not to play mobile phones in class to avoid affecting learning. 11 punitive adj. 惩罚性的 针对故意破坏公共设施的行为，相关部门会采取惩罚性措施。For acts of intentionally damaging public facilities, relevant departments will take punitive measures. 1. punish v. 惩罚2. punishment n. 惩罚 1. 父母应该合理惩罚犯错的孩子，帮助他们改正错误。Parents should properly punish children who make mistakes to help them correct errors.2. 这些惩罚性的行为最终会导致相应的惩罚，违法者需承担后果。These punitive actions will eventually lead to punishment, and lawbreakers must bear the consequences. 12 absence n. 缺乏；缺席 他因生病缺席了上周的会议，需要补看会议记录。His absence from last week's meeting due to illness means he needs to review the meeting minutes. 1. absent adj. 缺席的；缺乏的2. absently adv. 心不在焉地 1. 上课缺席的学生需要向老师说明原因，并及时补课。Students who are absent from class need to explain the reason to the teacher and make up for the missed lessons in time.2. 他上课心不在焉地听讲，导致很多知识点没有掌握。He listened absently in class, resulting in failing to master many knowledge points. 13 injury n. 伤害，损伤 运动时要做好防护措施，避免身体受到伤害。We should take protective measures during exercise to avoid injury to the body. 1. injure v. 伤害；使受伤2. injured adj. 受伤的 1. 他在操作机器时不小心伤害了手指，需要及时就医。He accidentally injured his finger while operating the machine and needed medical treatment in time.2. 事故发生后，救援人员第一时间救助了受伤的群众。After the accident, rescuers helped the injured people at the first time. 14 bully v. 恐吓；伤害 n. 欺凌者 学校严厉禁止欺凌同学的行为，保护学生身心健康。Schools strictly prohibit bullying classmates to protect students' physical and mental health. bullying n. 欺凌行为 这种欺凌行为会给受害者带来心理阴影，必须及时制止。This bullying behavior will bring psychological shadows to the victim and must be stopped in time. 15 agency n. 代理机构 这家旅游代理机构能为游客提供全方位的出行服务。This travel agency can provide tourists with comprehensive travel services. agent n. 代理人；经纪人 这个代理机构由专业的代理人运营，服务质量有保障。This agency is run by professional agents, and the service quality is guaranteed. 16 coverage n. 覆盖范围 这家电视台的新闻覆盖范围很广，能报道全球各地的事件。This TV station has a wide news coverage and can report events around the world. 1cover v. 覆盖；报道 记者需要及时报道这些重要事件，扩大新闻的覆盖范围。Reporters need to cover these important events in time to expand the news coverage. 17 fault n. 过错；责任 经过检查，发现设备故障是由于设计缺陷导致的，不是操作的过错。After inspection, it was found that the equipment fault was caused by design defects, not operational faults. 1. faulty adj. 有故障的；错误的2. fault v. 指责；找…的错 1. 技术人员正在维修这台有故障的机器，预计下午能修好。Technicians are repairing this faulty machine and it is expected to be fixed in the afternoon.2. 不要轻易指责别人的过错，应先反思自己是否有问题。Don't easily fault others for their faults; you should first reflect on whether you have problems. 18 bend v. （使）倾斜；偏向 他用力弯曲棍子，想把它折成自己需要的形状。He tried to bend the stick hard to fold it into the shape he needed. 1. bent adj. 弯曲的；有天赋的2. bend n. 弯曲处 1. 这根弯曲的铁丝不能再用了，需要换一根新的。This bent wire can't be used anymore and needs to be replaced with a new one.2. 道路的这个弯曲处容易发生事故，需要设置警示标志。Accidents are prone to occur at this bend in the road, and warning signs need to be set up. 19 proceed v. 前往；继续做 确认所有准备工作完成后，我们就可以继续推进这个计划了。After confirming that all preparations are completed, we can proceed with this plan. procedure n. 程序；步骤 按照规定的程序操作，能确保实验的安全和结果的准确性。Following the specified procedure can ensure the safety of the experiment and the accuracy of the results. 20 arrest v. 逮捕；拘捕 n. 逮捕 警方根据线索逮捕了嫌疑人，并依法记录了这次逮捕过程。The police arrested the suspect based on clues and recorded the arrest process in accordance with the law. arrestee n. 被捕者 警方在逮捕被捕者后，会及时通知其家属相关情况。After arresting the arrestee, the police will promptly notify his family of the relevant situation. 21 victim n. 受害者；牺牲品 警方正在调查这起案件，全力帮助受害者维护合法权益。The police are investigating this case and making every effort to help the victim safeguard legal rights. victimize v. 使受害；迫害 这些迫害行为使很多无辜的人受害，违法者必将受到惩罚。These victimizing actions have victimized many innocent people, and the lawbreakers will be punished. 22 permanent adj. 永久的；永恒的 这次改革带来了永久的变化，推动了行业的长期发展。This reform has brought permanent changes and promoted the long-term development of the industry. 1. permanently adv. 永久地2. permanence n. 永久性 1. 这些变化将永久地影响人们的生活方式，需要适应和调整。These changes will permanently affect people's lifestyles and require adaptation and adjustment.2. 这种永久结构的永久性很强，能抵御各种恶劣天气。The permanence of this permanent structure is very strong, capable of withstanding various harsh weathers. 23 motor n. 发动机；马达 adj. 机动车的 这款机动车的发动机性能很好，油耗低且动力足。This motor vehicle has a good motor performance, with low fuel consumption and sufficient power. 1. motorist n. 驾车者2. motorcycle n. 摩托车 1. 驾车者应遵守交通规则，确保自己和他人的出行安全。Motorists should abide by traffic rules to ensure the travel safety of themselves and others.2. 这辆摩托车配备了高性能发动机，适合长途骑行。This motorcycle is equipped with a high-performance motor, suitable for long-distance riding. 24 license n. 许可证；执照 想要开车上路，必须先考取驾驶执照，获得合法驾驶资格。To drive on the road, you must first obtain a driving license to get legal driving qualification. 1. license v. 许可；批准2. licensed adj. 有许可证的 1. 交通部门会许可符合条件的人驾驶，颁发相应的执照。The traffic department will license qualified people to drive and issue corresponding licenses.2. 这家商店是有许可证的，销售的商品都经过严格检验。This shop is licensed, and the products sold have undergone strict inspection. 25 offense n. 犯法行为；过错 他的这种行为已经构成了违法，必须为自己的过错承担责任。His behavior has constituted an offense, and he must bear responsibility for his fault. 1. offend v. 冒犯；违反2. offensive adj. 冒犯的；攻击性的 1. 不要违反法律，否则会因自己的冒犯行为受到制裁。Don't offend the law, otherwise you will be sanctioned for your offensive behavior.2. 他的这些冒犯言论伤害了他人感情，需要真诚道歉。His offensive remarks hurt others' feelings and require a sincere apology. 26 minor adj. 轻微的；较小的 这次事故只是造成了轻微的财产损失，没有人员伤亡。This accident only caused minor property losses and no casualties. minority n. 少数；少数民族 我们要尊重少数群体的文化和习俗，促进各民族和谐共处。We should respect the culture and customs of minority groups and promote harmonious coexistence of all ethnic groups. 27 prohibit v. 禁止；阻止 公共场所禁止吸烟，这是维护公众健康的重要措施。Smoking is prohibited in public places, which is an important measure to protect public health. 1. prohibition n. 禁止；禁令2. prohibited adj. 被禁止的 1. 政府发布了禁烟令，严格禁止在公共区域吸烟。The government issued a smoking prohibition, strictly prohibiting smoking in public areas.2. 这些禁带物品不能带入考场，否则会按违规处理。These prohibited items cannot be brought into the examination room, otherwise they will be treated as violations. 28 applicant n. 申请人 这家公司收到了很多申请人的简历，正在逐一筛选合适的候选人。This company has received resumes from many applicants and is screening suitable candidates one by one. 1. apply v. 申请；应用2. application n. 申请；应用 1. 想要应聘这个职位，申请人需要先在线申请，提交个人资料。To apply for this position, applicants need to apply online first and submit personal information.2. 这份申请表由申请人填写，需如实提供各项信息。This application form is filled out by applicants, and all information must be provided truthfully. 29 withdraw v. （使）撤回；收回 由于计划存在漏洞，他决定撤回之前提交的申请。Due to loopholes in the plan, he decided to withdraw the application he had previously submitted. withdrawal n. 撤回；提款 申请的撤回需要提交书面说明，经审核后才能生效。The withdrawal of the application requires submitting a written explanation, which can take effect only after review. 30 operator n. 操作人员；经营者 这位机器操作人员经验丰富，能熟练处理各种突发故障。This machine operator is experienced and can skillfully handle various sudden faults. 1. operate v. 操作；运转2. operation n. 操作；手术 1. 操作人员需要经过专业培训，才能安全操作这些复杂设备。Operators need professional training to operate these complex equipment safely.2. 设备的正常操作需要遵循规范，确保运营过程无风险。The normal operation of the equipment needs to follow specifications to ensure no risks in the operation process. 31 severity n. 严重性 大家没有意识到问题的严重性，导致情况进一步恶化。Everyone did not realize the severity of the problem, leading to further deterioration of the situation. 1. severe adj. 严重的；严厉的2. severely adv. 严重地 1. 这个严重的问题需要立即解决，否则会造成更大损失。This severe problem needs to be solved immediately, otherwise it will cause greater losses.2. 地震导致房屋严重损坏，很多人无家可归。The earthquake caused buildings to be severely damaged, and many people were homeless. 32 alcohol n. 酒；酒精 未成年人禁止饮酒，因为酒精会影响身体和智力发育。Minors are prohibited from drinking alcohol, as it affects physical and intellectual development. 1. alcoholic adj. 酒精的；酒鬼 n. 酒鬼2. alcoholic n. 酒鬼 1. 这款含酒精的饮料度数很低，但仍不适合儿童饮用。This alcoholic drink has a low alcohol content, but it is still not suitable for children.2. 社区成立了帮扶小组，帮助酒鬼戒掉酒精依赖，回归正常生活。The community set up a support group to help alcoholics quit alcohol dependence and return to normal life. 33 mechanic n. 机械师；力学 这位机械师技术精湛，能快速修好各种品牌的汽车。This mechanic has excellent skills and can quickly repair cars of various brands. 1. mechanical adj. 机械的；力学的2. mechanics n. 力学；机械学 1. 这台机械设备出现了故障，需要请专业机械师来维修。This mechanical equipment has a fault and needs a professional mechanic to repair it.2. 高中物理会学习力学知识，为后续深入研究打下基础。High school physics will teach mechanics knowledge, laying a foundation for in-depth research later. 34 institution n. 机构；制度 这家科研机构致力于推动科技进步，取得了很多成果。This scientific research institution is committed to promoting scientific and technological progress and has achieved many results. 1. institutional adj. 机构的；制度的2. institute n. 研究所；学院 1. 机构的支持为项目的开展提供了充足的资金和资源。Institutional support provides sufficient funds and resources for the development of the project.2. 这所研究所隶属于知名大学，在行业内有很高的知名度。This institute is affiliated to a well-known university and has a high reputation in the industry. 35 illegal adj. 非法的；不合法的 走私和贩卖毒品是非法的行为，会受到法律的严厉制裁。Smuggling and trafficking drugs are illegal acts and will be severely sanctioned by the law. legal adj. 合法的（反义词） 我们要坚决抵制非法行为，维护合法的社会秩序。We should firmly resist illegal acts and maintain legal social order. 36 pack v. 打包；包装 n. 包 旅行前要提前打包好行李，避免遗漏重要物品。We should pack luggage in advance before traveling to avoid missing important items. 1. package n. 包裹；包装2. packed adj. 拥挤的；打包好的 1. 快递员将这些物品打包成一个包裹，准备送往目的地。The courier packed these items into a package and prepared to send it to the destination.2. 节假日的火车很拥挤，每个车厢都坐满了乘客。Trains are packed during holidays, and every carriage is full of passengers. 第 1 页 共 8 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $