内容正文:
专项13 Unit 1-Unit 4语法专项
01 there be句型的一般过去时 02 动词过去式
03动词过去式不规则变化 04描述天气的形容词及句型
05一般现在时与一般过去时般过去时
01 there be句型的一般过去时
(知识点讲解)
一、there be句型的概念
there be句型表示某处有某人/某物。后跟名词或名词短语(主语),最后跟地点状语或时间状语。
注意区别:表达某人有某物,要用have/has。
二、there be句型的就近原则:
there be句型中,几个名词并列时,be动词由最近的名词单复数决定。
例:There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.
书桌上有一支钢笔,两本书和许多铅笔。
三、there be句型一般过去时的句型结构:1.肯定句:如果离be动词最近的是可数名词单数或不可数名词,be动词用was;如果离be动词最近的是可数名词复数,be动词用 were。否定句:2
在be动词后加not,可缩写成wasn't/weren't。一般疑问句:
把was/were提到句首并大写首字母,some 改为 any,and改为or,第一、二人称互换句号改为问号。
例:(1)There was an old house by the river five years ago.五年前,河边有一座老房子。
(2)There weren't any cars in the street yesterday.昨天,街道上没有汽车。
(3)Was there a hospital here last year?去年这里有一家医院吗?强化练习
一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空,
1. There ________ many things over there.
2. There ________ a little girl in the room.
3._______ there any water on the moon?
4._______ there any photos on the wall last year?
5. There _______ a bike behind the tree three days ago.
6. There ________ some juice in the bottle.
二、单项选择。
( )1.There _______ a book and three pencils on the desk.
A. be B.is C. are
( )2._______ there a new bike in front of our classroom?
A.Is B. Are C.Do
( )3. There _______ any books on your desk.
A. aren't B.isn't C. don't
( )4. There isn't_______ food in the fridge
A.some B.a C. any
02 动词过去式
(知识点讲解)
一、be动词的过去式:
1.be动词的概念:be动词是一些动词的统称,这些动词包括am、is、are、was、were,我们要根据时态人称和数的不同,选用相应的be动词。
2.含有be动词的一般过去时的句型结构
句型
结构
例句
肯定句
主语+ was /were+其他.
(1)I was bored last night.我昨晚很无聊。(2)They were happy last Sunday.上个星期天他们很开心。
否定句
主语+was/were not+其他.
(1) My mother was not very angry yesterday
我妈妈昨天不是很生气。
(2)They weren't very busy last week.他们上周不是很忙。
一般疑问句
-Was/Were+主语+其他?
-Yes,主语 +was/were.或
-No, 主语 +wasn't/ weren't.
-Were you at home last night?你昨晚在家吗?
-Yes,I was./No,I wasn’t.是的,我在。/不,我不在。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+was/were+主语 +其他?
(1)How was your weekend? 你周末过得怎么样?
(2)Why were Tina and Lisa happy?蒂娜和丽萨为什么高兴?
二、规则动词的过去式:
动词的过去式可分为规则动词的过去式和不规则动词的过去式。规则动词的过去式构成有一定的规律,具体为:
种类
变化
例词
一般情况
词尾加 -ed
wanted,looked
以不发音的e结尾
直接加 -d
liked, lived
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节
双写辅音字母加-ed
fitted, slipped
以辅音字母加y结尾
变y为i加 -ed
tried, studied
强化练习
一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空。
1.I _______ at school the day before yesterday.
2. We _______ babies nine years ago.
3. Mike _______ ten years old last year.
4. There _______ a party last weekend.
5. There _______ many books on the desk just now.
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Mike ________ (visit ) his friends yesterday
2. Children ________ (stop ) talking when the movie began.
3. He _______ ( play ) with the cat just now.
4. Lily _______ ( study ) hard at school last year.
5.Yesterday I ______ ( help ) my grandpa on the farm all day.
6. He ________ (live )in Wuxi two years ago.
7. Judy _______(move )to China when she was ten.
03 动词过去式不规则变化
(知识点讲解)
一般过去时中的谓语动词要用过去式,动词的过去式一般是在词尾加-ed,而许多动词的过去式变化是不规则的,这就需要单独记忆。常见的不规则动词的过去式如下所示:
强化练习
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Lily _______ ( find ) a key on the floor last morning
2. We _______ (have ) a party last week.
3. Mike_______ (read )books in the library last Sunday.
4. My aunt_______ (take ) a big cake to the party last night.
5. The weather_________ (become ) windy and cloudy yesterday
6. The boy________ ( be ) ill the day before yesterday. He _______ ( sleep ) all day.
7. The horse _______ ( run ) very fast in the past. But now it runs slowly.
8. Amy ________ ( win ) the game last week.
9.He________ (send )a letter to his friend yesterday.
04 描述天气的形容词及句型
(知识点讲解)
1、 表示天气的形容词一般由其相对应的名词词尾加-y或双写名词末尾字母加-y变化而来。例:cloud(云)→ cloudy(多云的)wind(风)→windy(多风的)rain(雨)→rainy(多雨的)
snow(雪)→snowy(下雪多的)sun(太阳)→sunny(晴朗的)fog(雾)→foggy(有雾的)
2、 描述过去的天气的句型结构为“t was +表示天气的形容词(+其他).”。it指代天气,因为是描述过去的天气,所以 be 动词要用过去式 was。
例:1.It was sunny.We went swimming together.天气晴朗。我们一起去游泳了。
2.It was rainy yesterday.We watched TV at home.昨天下雨。我们在家看电视。
三、表示天气情况的另一种句型结构:It+天气相关的动词(主要是rain或者snow)+其他
例:It rained all day yesterday.昨天下了一天的雨。
强化练习
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. It is ________ (wind ) and _______ (sun) in autumn.
2. It often _______( rain ) in Suzhou in spring.It _______ ( rain ) last night. Look! It ________( rain ) now.
3. There were black_______(cloud ) in the sky.
4. I got there on a________ (snow) day.
5. It was rainy this afternoon. Then the weather_________ (become ) cold.
05 一般现在时与一般过去时
(知识点讲解)
一般现在时
一般过去时
标志词
always、usually、often、sometimes...
yesterday、ago、last night...
肯定句
1. 主语+be 动词(am/is/are)+其他:
例:I am a student.我是一名学生。
2. 主语+行为动词(注意人称变化)+ 其他.
例:Judy reads books every day.朱迪每天都看书。
1. 主语+was/were+其他
例:It was cloudy yesterday.昨天多云。
2. 主语+动词过去式+其他.
例:He played football well when he was ten.当他十岁的时候,他足球踢得好
否定句
1.主语 + be +not+其他.
例:She is not happy.她不高兴。
2.主语+助动词(do/does)+not+动词原形+其他.
例:I do not go to school on foot.
我没有走路去上学。
1.主语+was/were+not+其他.
例:He was not at home last night.
他昨天晚上没在家。
主语 + didn't+动词原形+其他.
例:I didn't watch TV.我没看电视。
一般疑问句
1.Be+主语+其他?
例:Are they in the box?它们在箱子里吗?
2.行为动词: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他?
例:Does he like this game?
他喜欢这个游戏吗?
1.Was/Were+主语+其他?
例:Was Tina happy last weekend?
蒂娜上周末开心吗?
2.行为动词:Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
例:Did you see this film last week?
你上周看这部电影了吗?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
例:What do you often do at home?
你经常在家里做什么?
1. 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形(+其他)?
例:Where did you go?你去哪里了?
2. 特殊疑问词作主语时:特殊疑问词+动词过去式(+其他)?
例:Who did?谁做的?
强化练习
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.I _______ (go) to school by bus every day.
2. Su Yang________ ( read ) English last night.
3. You _______ a pen and she ________ a pencil.( have)
4.-What does she_______ ( like )?
-She_______ ( like ) ________ ( take ) photos.
5.Mike ________ (be not ) happy today.Because his pen________ (be ) lost yesterday.
6. They________ (be not ) at home yesterday .They________(go )to Beijing three days ago.
7.-Did you _______ ( play ) football yesterday?
-Yes, I_______(do )
8.________( be ) they at home last week?
-No, they________ (be not ).
二、单项选择。
( )1.-________ Alice often play the piano?
-No, she ________.
A. Do; do B. Does; does C. Does; doesn't
( )2.-What did you do during your holiday? -I ________.
A. went shopping B. go skiing C. learn English
( )3. Sandy never _______ her homework on Sundays.
A. do B. does C. did
( )4.- _______ they at home?
-Yes, they are.
A. Am B.Were C. Are
参考答案及解析
第 1 页 共 6 页
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
【01】
一、
1.are(“many things” 是复数,一般现在时,用 are )
2.is(“a little girl” 是单数,一般现在时,用 is )
3.Is(“water” 是不可数名词,视为单数,一般现在时,一般疑问句 is 提前 )
4.Were(“last year” 是过去时,“photos” 是复数,用 were )
5.was(“three days ago” 是过去时,“a bike” 是单数,用 was )
6.is(“juice” 是不可数名词,一般现在时,用 is )
二、
1.B(there be 句型遵循 “就近原则”,“a book” 是单数,用 is )
2.A(“a new bike” 是单数,一般现在时一般疑问句,is 提前 )
3.A(“any books” 是复数,否定句用 aren't )
4.C(否定句中 “一些” 用 any ,“food” 不可数,不能用 a ,some 用于肯定句 )
【02】
一、
1.was(“the day before yesterday” 是过去时,I 对应的过去式 be 动词是 was )
2.were(“nine years ago” 是过去时,we 对应的过去式 be 动词是 were )
3.was(“last year” 是过去时,Mike 是第三人称单数,用 was )
4.was(“last weekend” 是过去时,“a party” 是单数,用 was )
5.were(“just now” 是过去时,“many books” 是复数,用 were )
二、
1.visited(“yesterday” 是过去时,visit 的过去式是 visited )
2.stopped(“when the movie began” 是过去时,stop 的过去式是 stopped )
3.played(“just now” 是过去时,play 的过去式是 played )
4.studied(“last year” 是过去时,study 的过去式是 studied )
5.helped(“Yesterday” 是过去时,help 的过去式是 helped )
6.lived(“two years ago” 是过去时,live 的过去式是 lived )
7.moved(“when she was ten” 是过去时,move 的过去式是 moved )
【03】
一、1.found 2.had 3.read 4.took 5.became 6.was;slept 7.ran 8.won 9.sent
解析:这些题目考查一般过去时,动词需用过去式 。find 的过去式是 found;have 的过去式是 had;read 的过去式是 read;take 的过去式是 took;become 的过去式是 became;be 动词(主语 the boy 是单数,过去时用 was );sleep 的过去式是 slept;run 的过去式是 ran;win 的过去式是 won;send 的过去式是 sent 。
【04】
一、答案:
1.windy;sunny 2.rains;rained;is raining 3.clouds 4.snowy 5.became
解析:
系动词后接形容词,wind 的形容词是 windy(有风的 ),sun 的形容词是 sunny(晴朗的 )。
第一空,“often” 是一般现在时标志,主语 it 是第三人称单数,rain 用 rains;第二空,“last night” 是一般过去时标志,rain 用 rained;第三空,“Look! ”“now” 是现在进行时标志,结构 be + 现在分词,it 是单数,be 动词用 is,rain 现在分词是 raining 。
“were” 表明主语是复数,cloud 的复数是 clouds 。
修饰名词 day 用形容词,snow 的形容词是 snowy(下雪的 )。
“was” 表明是一般过去时,become 的过去式是 became 。
【05】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空答案
1.go (every day 是一般现在时标志,主语 I ,动词用原形 )
2.read (last night 是一般过去时标志,read 过去式还是 read )
3.have;has (you 作主语,一般现在时用 have ;she 是第三人称单数,用 has )
4.like;likes;taking (第一空,助动词 does 后用动词原形 like ;第二空,she 是第三人称单数,一般现在时用 likes ;第三空,like doing sth. 是固定搭配,用 taking )
5.isn't;was (第一空,today 是一般现在时,Mike 是第三人称单数,be 动词用 isn't ;第二空,yesterday 是一般过去时,pen 是单数,用 was )
6.weren't;went (第一空,yesterday 是一般过去时,they 作主语,be 动词用 weren't ;第二空,three days ago 是一般过去时,go 过去式是 went )
7.play;did (第一空,助动词 Did 后用动词原形 play ;第二空,一般过去时,用 did )
8.Were;weren't (last week 是一般过去时,they 作主语,be 动词用 Were ;否定回答用 weren't )
二、单项选择答案
1.C (Alice 是第三人称单数,一般现在时一般疑问句用 Does ;否定回答用 doesn't )
2.A (did 表明是一般过去时,答句动词用过去式,went 是 go 的过去式 )
3.B (never 是一般现在时标志,Sandy 是第三人称单数,do 用 does )
4.C (答句是 are ,表明是一般现在时,一般疑问句用 Are )
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