Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 知识点(核心词汇+重点短语+核心句式)清单 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

2025-10-29
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高中英语必修三 Unit 3知识点 一、核心词汇 (一)名词及相关变形 1.marriage(n.结婚;婚姻) [解释]指男女结为夫妻的社会关系或仪式,是“marry”对应的名词形式。 [例句]Their marriage lasted for over 50 years, and they always supported each other through difficult times.(他们的婚姻持续了50多年,在困难时期始终相互扶持。) 2.majority(n.大部分;大多数) [解释]表示在数量上占多数的部分,对应“minority”(少数)。 [例句]The majority of students in our class prefer to study in the library rather than at home because of the quiet environment.(我们班大多数学生更喜欢在图书馆学习,而不是在家,因为环境更安静。) 3.complaint(n.抱怨;投诉) [解释]指对人或事的不满情绪表达,或向相关方提出的不满诉求,由“complain”变形而来。 [例句]The customer made a complaint to the manager about the poor quality of the product he bought last week.(这位顾客向经理投诉了他上周购买的产品质量差的问题。) 4.response(n.反应;回答;回复) [解释]指对他人的提问、行为或某种情况做出的回应,是“respond”的名词形式。 [例句]The government gave a quick response to the public's concerns about the rising housing prices.(政府对公众关于房价上涨的担忧做出了快速回应。) 5.scholarship(n.奖学金) [解释]指学校、机构等为奖励优秀学生或帮助经济困难学生提供的资金支持。 [例句]She worked very hard and finally won a scholarship to study abroad for her master's degree.(她学习非常努力,最终获得了出国留学攻读硕士学位的奖学金。) 6.rejection(n.拒绝接受;否决) [解释]指对某个请求、申请或提议的拒绝,由“reject”转化而来。 [例句]After receiving the rejection letter from his dream university, he decided to apply for other schools that matched his abilities.(收到梦想大学的拒绝信后,他决定申请其他与自己能力匹配的学校。) 7.appointment(n.约会;任命;委任) [解释]可表示与人约定见面的安排,也可指官方对某人职位的任命。 [例句]I have an appointment with the dentist at 3 o'clock this afternoon, so I need to leave the office early.(我今天下午3点和牙医有约,所以得早点下班。);The company announced the appointment of a new CEO to lead the team through the difficult period.(公司宣布任命一位新CEO,带领团队度过困难时期。) 8.election(n.选举;推选;当选) [解释]指通过投票等方式选择领导人或代表的过程,或当选的结果,对应动词“elect”。 [例句]The presidential election in this country is held every four years, and citizens over 18 have the right to vote.(这个国家的总统选举每四年举行一次,18岁以上的公民有投票权。) 9.operation(n.手术;企业;经营) [解释]可表示医院里医生进行的医疗手术,也可指企业的运营、经营活动,由“operate”变形而来。 [例句]The doctor successfully performed an operation on the patient's heart to treat his serious illness.(医生成功地为病人做了心脏手术,治疗他的重病。);The operation of this small restaurant depends on the hard work of the whole family.(这家小餐馆的运营依靠全家人的辛勤付出。) 10.assistance(n.帮助;援助) [解释]指为他人提供支持或帮助,以解决困难或完成某事,是“assist”的名词形式。 [例句]The local community provided financial assistance to the families affected by the flood.(当地社区为受洪水影响的家庭提供了经济援助。) 11.tendency(n.趋势;趋向) [解释]指事物发展或变化的方向、倾向,对应动词“tend”。 [例句]In recent years, there has been a tendency for more people to choose low-carbon lifestyles to protect the environment.(近年来,越来越多的人倾向于选择低碳生活方式来保护环境。) 12.retirement(n.退休) [解释]指工作人员达到一定年龄或条件后离开工作岗位,停止工作的状态,由“retire”转化而来。 [例句]After 40 years of working in the factory, he is looking forward to his retirement and plans to travel around the world.(在工厂工作了40年后,他期待着退休,计划去环游世界。) 13.saving(n.节省物;节省;节约;[pl.]储蓄金;存款) [解释]单数形式表示“节省、节约”的行为或结果,复数形式“savings”常指银行里的储蓄存款。 [例句]Turning off the lights when leaving a room is a small saving of electricity, but it matters a lot in the long run.(离开房间时关灯是小小的节电行为,但长期来看意义重大。);She used her savings to buy a new house for her parents.(她用自己的积蓄给父母买了一套新房子。) 14.replacement(n.更换;更替;替换的人/物) [解释]指替换旧的、坏的事物或人的过程,或用来替换的新事物、新人,对应动词“replace”。 [例句]The replacement of the old computer system with a new one has greatly improved the work efficiency of the office.(用新的计算机系统替换旧系统,大大提高了办公室的工作效率。);He was chosen as the replacement for the manager who resigned last month.(他被选为上个月辞职的经理的接替者。) 15.memory(n.记忆力;回忆) [解释]可表示大脑记住事物的能力,也可指过去发生的事情在脑海中的印象。 [例句]As people grow older, their memory may decline, so it's important to do more brain exercises.(随着年龄增长,人的记忆力可能会下降,所以多做脑力锻炼很重要。);The old photo brought back many sweet memories of her childhood.(这张旧照片唤起了她许多童年的美好回忆。) 16.flexibility(n.灵活性) [解释]指事物能够根据情况变化而调整的特性,或人处理问题时的灵活程度,由“flexible”变形而来。 [例句]The flexibility of this work schedule allows employees to balance their work and family life better.(这种工作时间表的灵活性,让员工能更好地平衡工作和家庭生活。) 17.tension(n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑) [解释]可表示人与人、群体与群体之间的紧张关系,也可指人内心的紧张、焦虑情绪。 [例句]The tension between the two countries has eased after the peaceful talks.(经过和平谈判,两国之间的紧张关系有所缓和。);She felt a lot of tension before the important exam, so she listened to some light music to relax.(重要考试前她感到很紧张,于是听了些轻音乐放松。) 18.union(n.协会,工会) [解释]指为实现共同目标而组织起来的团体,如工会是维护工人权益的组织。 [例句]The teachers' union held a meeting to discuss the improvement of teaching conditions in the school.(教师工会召开会议,讨论改善学校的教学条件。) 19.physics(n.物理) [解释]指研究物质、能量、空间和时间及其相互关系的自然科学学科。 [例句]He is very interested in physics and hopes to become a physicist in the future.(他对物理非常感兴趣,希望将来成为一名物理学家。) 20.pregnancy(n.怀孕,妊娠) [解释]指女性体内孕育胎儿的生理过程,对应形容词“pregnant”(怀孕的)。 [例句]During pregnancy, women need to pay special attention to their diet and get enough rest.(怀孕期间,女性需要特别注意饮食,保证充足的休息。) 21.tear(n.眼泪) [解释]指人因悲伤、感动等情绪从眼睛里流出的液体,作动词时表示“撕破,撕开”。 [例句]Tears rolled down her cheeks when she heard the sad news of her friend's passing.(听到朋友去世的噩耗,眼泪从她的脸颊滚落。);She accidentally tore the letter while opening the envelope.(她拆信封时不小心把信撕破了。) (二)动词及相关变形 1.marry(vt.(和某人)结婚;嫁;娶) [解释]表示男女结为夫妻的动作,常见搭配“marry sb”(与某人结婚),不与“with”连用。 [例句]They fell in love at first sight and married each other two years later.(他们一见钟情,两年后结了婚。) 2.major(adj.主要的;vi.主修;n.主修课程) [解释]作形容词时表示“主要的”,作动词时表示“主修(某学科)”,常与“in”搭配,作名词时指“主修课程”。 [例句]The major problem we are facing now is the lack of funding for the project.(我们现在面临的主要问题是这个项目缺乏资金。);She decided to major in English literature when she entered college.(进入大学后,她决定主修英国文学。);His major at university is computer science, which is very popular now.(他在大学的主修专业是计算机科学,现在这个专业很热门。) 3.complain(vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚) [解释]指对某事、某人不满而表达抱怨,常见搭配“complain to sb about sth”(就某事向某人抱怨)。 [例句]Many students complain to the teacher about the heavy homework every weekend.(很多学生每周都向老师抱怨作业太多。) 4.respond(vt.回答;回复;vi.做出反应;回应) [解释]可表示对问题的“回答、回复”,也可表示对某种情况的“反应、回应”,常见搭配“respond to”。 [例句]He quickly responded to my email and agreed to meet me the next day.(他很快回复了我的邮件,同意第二天和我见面。);The audience responded warmly to the actor's wonderful performance with loud applause.(观众对演员精彩的表演报以热烈的掌声,反应十分热烈。) 5.reject(vt.拒绝接受;不录用) [解释]指明确地拒绝接受某物、某个请求,或拒绝录用某人。 [例句]The company rejected his application because he didn't have enough work experience.(这家公司拒绝了他的申请,因为他没有足够的工作经验。) 6.appoint(vt.任命;委派) [解释]指官方或上级为某人安排某个职位或任务,常见搭配“appoint sb as/to be+职务”“appoint sb to do sth”。 [例句]The government appointed him as the new governor of the province to deal with the local economic issues.(政府任命他为该省新省长,处理当地的经济问题。);The manager appointed her to organize the company's annual meeting this year.(经理委派她组织今年公司的年会。) 7.elect(vt.选举;推选) [解释]指通过投票等方式选择某人担任某个职位,常见搭配“elect sb as+职务”“elect to do sth”(选择/决定做某事)。 [例句]The members of the club elected Tom as their new president because of his excellent leadership.(俱乐部成员选举汤姆为新主席,因为他有出色的领导能力。);After graduation, she elected to work in a small town instead of a big city to help local children study.(毕业后,她选择去小镇工作,而不是大城市,帮助当地孩子学习。) 8.scare(vt.惊吓;vi.受惊吓;n.恐惧,惊吓) [解释]作动词时表示“使惊吓”或“感到害怕”,作名词时指“恐惧、惊吓”的情绪。 [例句]The sudden thunder scared the little girl, and she ran into her mother's arms.(突然的雷声吓哭了小女孩,她跑进了妈妈的怀里。);She doesn't like watching horror movies because they always scare her.(她不喜欢看恐怖片,因为那些片子总让她害怕。);The accident left her with a scare, and she didn't dare to drive for a long time.(那次事故给她留下了心理阴影,她很长时间不敢开车。) 9.tend(vt.照顾;照料;vi.倾向;趋于) [解释]作及物动词时表示“照顾、照料”,作不及物动词时表示“倾向于、往往会”,常见搭配“tend to do sth”。 [例句]She stayed at home to tend her sick grandmother for a month.(她在家照顾生病的奶奶一个月了。);People tend to eat more food in cold weather to keep their bodies warm.(在寒冷的天气里,人们往往会吃更多的食物来保暖。) 10.retire(vt.& vi.退休;退职;退出) [解释]指工作人员离开工作岗位,停止工作,常见搭配“retire from+单位/职位”。 [例句]My father retired from the army last year and now spends his time gardening.(我爸爸去年从部队退休了,现在把时间花在园艺上。);He decided to retire from the company after working there for 30 years.(在公司工作了30年后,他决定退休。) 11.save(vt.救;节省;储蓄) [解释]可表示“拯救”生命、某物,“节省”时间、金钱,或“储蓄”钱财。 [例句]The doctor worked day and night to save the patient's life.(医生日夜工作,挽救病人的生命。);Taking the subway to work can save a lot of time during rush hours.(高峰时段坐地铁上班能节省很多时间。);She saves a part of her salary every month to buy a new car.(她每个月都存一部分工资,打算买辆新车。) 12.replace(vt.接替;取代;更换) [解释]指用新的人或事物接替、取代旧的,或更换损坏的物品,常见搭配“replace A with/by B”(用B替代A)。 [例句]With the development of technology, machines have replaced many manual jobs in factories.(随着科技发展,工厂里很多体力活都被机器取代了。);You need to replace the old battery with a new one to make the remote control work.(你得把旧电池换成新的,遥控器才能用。) 13.memorize(vt.记住;记忆) [解释]指通过努力将信息、内容记在脑海中,与“memory”(记忆力)相关。 [例句]She spends 30 minutes every morning memorizing English words to improve her vocabulary.(她每天早上花30分钟记英语单词,扩大词汇量。) 14.assist(vt.帮助;援助) [解释]指为他人提供帮助,协助完成某事,常见搭配“assist sb with sth”“assist sb to do sth”“assist sb in (doing) sth”。 [例句]The young volunteer assisted the old man with carrying his heavy luggage to the train station.(年轻的志愿者帮老人把沉重的行李搬到火车站。);She assisted her teacher to prepare the teaching materials for the new lesson.(她帮老师准备新课的教学材料。) 15.harm(n.& vt.伤害;损害) [解释]作动词时表示“伤害、损害”人或事物,作名词时指“伤害、损害”的结果,常见搭配“do harm to sb/sth”“be harmful to sb/sth”(对……有害)。 [例句]Smoking can harm your lungs and cause many serious diseases.(吸烟会伤害你的肺,引发多种严重疾病。);The pollution from the factory has done great harm to the nearby river ecosystem.(工厂的污染对附近的河流生态系统造成了极大的破坏。) (三)形容词及相关变形 1.married(adj.结婚的;已婚的) [解释]表示“已婚的”状态,对应名词“marriage”,常见搭配“be married to sb”(与……结婚)。 [例句]My uncle has been married to my aunt for 20 years, and they still love each other deeply.(我叔叔和婶婶结婚20年了,依然深爱彼此。) 2.unmarried(adj.未婚的) [解释]与“married”相反,表示“未结婚的”状态。 [例句]Although she is 35 years old, she is still unmarried and enjoys her independent life.(虽然她35岁了,但仍然未婚,享受着独立的生活。) 3.minor(adj.次要的;n.(law)未成年人;辅修课目) [解释]作形容词时表示“次要的”,与“major”(主要的)相反;作名词时可指“未成年人”或大学的“辅修课目”。 [例句]This is a minor problem that we can solve easily in a few minutes.(这是个小问题,我们几分钟就能轻松解决。);In this country, people under 18 are considered minors and need to be accompanied by adults in some public places.(在这个国家,18岁以下的人被视为未成年人,在一些公共场所需要有成年人陪同。);She chose psychology as her minor besides her major in Chinese.(除了中文专业,她还选择了心理学作为辅修。) 4.scared(adj.对……感到惊慌或恐惧的) [解释]表示人因某事、某物而感到“害怕的、惊慌的”,常见搭配“be scared of doing sth/to do sth”(害怕做某事)“be scared to death”(吓得要死)。 [例句]The little boy is scared of darkness and always sleeps with the light on.(这个小男孩怕黑,睡觉总是开着灯。);She was scared to jump off the diving board when she first learned to swim.(第一次学游泳时,她不敢从跳板上跳下去。) 5.scary(adj.令人恐惧的) [解释]表示事物本身“令人害怕的、恐怖的”,主语通常是事物,与“scared”(人感到害怕的)区分开。 [例句]The horror movie we watched last night was so scary that I couldn't sleep well.(昨晚我们看的恐怖片太吓人了,我都没睡好。) 6.energetic(adj.精力充沛的) [解释]形容人充满活力、精力旺盛,对应名词“energy”(精力;能量)。 [例句]My grandfather is 70 years old, but he is still very energetic and goes for a walk every morning.(我爷爷70岁了,但依然精力充沛,每天早上都去散步。) 7.accidental(adj.意外的;偶然的) [解释]表示事情的发生是“意外的、偶然的”,不是故意或计划好的,对应名词“accident”(事故;意外)。 [例句]The meeting between the two old friends was accidental—they met in a small café by chance.(这两位老朋友的见面是偶然的,他们在一家小咖啡馆碰巧遇到了。) 8.accidentally(adv.偶然地) [解释]由“accidental”变形而来,修饰动词,表示“偶然地、意外地”做某事。 [例句]I accidentally deleted the important document from my computer, so I had to ask my colleague to send it to me again.(我不小心把电脑里的重要文件删了,只好让同事再发一份给我。) 9.appointed(adj.约定的;指定的) [解释]表示“约定好的、指定的”时间、地点等,由“appoint”(任命;委派)变形而来,常见搭配“at the appointed time”(在约定的时间)。 [例句]Please make sure you arrive at the appointed place on time, otherwise we will miss the train.(请确保你按时到达约定地点,否则我们会赶不上火车。) 10.harmful(adj.有害的) [解释]表示对人或事物“有害的”,对应动词“harm”(伤害;损害),常见搭配“be harmful to”。 [例句]Eating too much junk food is harmful to our health, so we should eat more vegetables and fruits.(吃太多垃圾食品对健康有害,所以我们应该多吃蔬菜和水果。) 11.harmless(adj.无害的) [解释]与“harmful”相反,表示“无害的”,不会对人或事物造成伤害。 [例句]This kind of insect is harmless to humans, so you don't need to be afraid of it.(这种昆虫对人类无害,你不用害怕它。) 12.retired(adj.退休的) [解释]表示人处于“退休的”状态,由“retire”(退休)变形而来,常用来修饰人。 [例句]The retired teacher often volunteers to help children in the community with their homework.(这位退休教师经常志愿帮助社区里的孩子辅导作业。) 13.sharp(adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的) [解释]可形容物体“锋利的”(如刀),也可形容变化“急剧的”(如价格、数量变化),或差异“明显的”。 [例句]Be careful with that knife—it's very sharp and may cut your fingers.(小心那把刀,它很锋利,可能会割到你的手。);There has been a sharp increase in the number of tourists to this city since the new airport was built.(新机场建成后,来这座城市的游客数量急剧增加。);The difference between the two products is sharp—one is of high quality while the other is very cheap but poor in quality.(这两种产品的差别很明显,一种质量好,另一种很便宜但质量差。) 14.sharply(adv.急剧地;严厉地) [解释]由“sharp”变形而来,修饰动词,可表示变化“急剧地”,或态度“严厉地”。 [例句]The temperature dropped sharply last night, so we all put on thick clothes this morning.(昨晚气温急剧下降,所以今天早上我们都穿上了厚衣服。);The teacher criticized him sharply for being late to class three times a week.(老师严厉批评了他,因为他一周迟到了三次。) 15.flexible(adj.灵活的;可变通的) [解释]形容计划、安排或人处理问题的方式“灵活的、可调整的”,对应名词“flexibility”(灵活性)。 [例句]The company has a flexible working hour system, so employees can choose when to start and end work as long as they finish the tasks.(这家公司有灵活的工时制度,员工只要完成任务,就可以选择上下班时间。) 16.inflexible(adj.不灵活的) [解释]与“flexible”相反,表示“不灵活的、死板的”,难以根据情况调整。 [例句]His inflexible attitude made it difficult for the team to reach an agreement on the project plan.(他死板的态度让团队很难就项目计划达成一致。) 17.tense(adj.紧张的;担心的;令人紧张的) [解释]可形容人内心“紧张的、担心的”,也可形容气氛、关系“紧张的”,对应名词“tension”(紧张关系;紧张)。 [例句]She felt tense before the final exam because she hadn't prepared well.(期末考试前她很紧张,因为她没准备好。);The atmosphere in the meeting room was tense when they discussed the controversial issue.(讨论这个有争议的问题时,会议室里的气氛很紧张。) 18.pregnant(adj.怀孕的,妊娠的) [解释]形容女性处于“怀孕的”状态,对应名词“pregnancy”(怀孕,妊娠)。 [例句]Her sister is pregnant and will give birth to a baby next month.(她姐姐怀孕了,下个月就要生孩子了。) 二、重点短语 1.social morals(社会公德) [解释]指社会成员在公共生活中应遵守的道德规范和行为准则。 [例句]It's everyone's responsibility to follow social morals, such as not littering in public places and respecting the elderly.(遵守社会公德是每个人的责任,比如不在公共场所乱扔垃圾、尊重老人。) 2.be in a dilemma(处于进退两难的境地) [解释]指面临两种或多种选择,每种选择都有困难或不利之处,难以决定。 [例句]She was in a dilemma—she wanted to accept the new job offer because of the high salary, but it would require her to move to another city and leave her family.(她处于进退两难的境地,高薪的新工作机会很诱人,但这份工作要求她搬到另一个城市,离开家人。) 3.faint from hunger(饿昏过去) [解释]指因长时间没有进食,身体缺乏能量而晕倒。 [例句]In the old days, many poor people fainted from hunger because they couldn't get enough food to eat.(在过去,很多穷人因为吃不饱饭而饿昏过去。) 4.faint chance(很小的机会) [解释]指成功或实现某事的可能性非常小。 [例句]There is a faint chance that we will finish the project on time because we have only three days left and a lot of work to do.(我们按时完成项目的机会很小,因为只剩三天了,还有很多工作没做。) 5.to illustrate my point(为了说明我的观点) [解释]用于引出例子,帮助更清楚地解释自己的观点或想法。 [例句]To illustrate my point, let's take a look at a real-life example—my friend used to be very shy, but after joining the debate club, she became more confident.(为了说明我的观点,我们来看一个真实的例子,我的朋友以前很害羞,但加入辩论社后,她变得更自信了。) 6.illustrate sth.with sth(用……来说明……) [解释]表示用具体的例子、图片、数据等来说明某个抽象的概念或观点。 [例句]The teacher illustrated the theory of gravity with a simple experiment—dropping an apple from the desk.(老师用一个简单的实验——从桌子上扔苹果,来说明重力理论。) 7.be precious to sb(对某人来说很珍贵) [解释]指某人认为某物或某人具有很高的价值,非常珍视。 [例句]The old watch her grandfather gave her is very precious to her, and she wears it every day to remember him.(爷爷给她的旧手表对她来说很珍贵,她每天都戴着,以此纪念爷爷。) 8.entrust sb.with sth.= entrust sth.to sb.(把某事委托给某人) [解释]表示因为信任某人,将某项任务、责任或物品交给对方处理。 [例句]The manager entrusted her with the important task of organizing the international conference.(经理把组织国际会议这项重要任务委托给了她。);He entrusted his children to his sister's care while he was working abroad.(他在国外工作期间,把孩子托付给姐姐照顾。) 9.marry sb(与某人结婚) [解释]表示“和某人结婚”的动作,注意不能说“marry with sb”。 [例句]They fell in love during college and married each other right after graduation.(他们在大学期间相爱,毕业后就结婚了。) 10.be married to(与.....结婚) [解释]表示“与某人结婚”的状态,可与表示时间段的状语连用,而“marry sb”强调动作,不能与时间段连用。 [例句]She has been married to her husband for 10 years, and they have a happy family.(她和丈夫结婚10年了,有一个幸福的家庭。) 11.the majority of(大多数) [解释]表示“……中的大多数”,后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据后面的名词而定。 [例句]The majority of students in our school like to play basketball in their free time.(我们学校大多数学生喜欢在空闲时间打篮球。);The majority of the water in this area is polluted by the nearby factory.(这个地区的大部分水都被附近的工厂污染了。) 12.complain to sb.about...(就某事向某人投诉) [解释]指因对某事不满,向相关的人表达抱怨或投诉。 [例句]The customer complained to the shop assistant about the poor service he received.(这位顾客向店员投诉他受到的服务很差。) 13.make a complaint to sb.about sth.(就某事向某人投诉) [解释]与“complain to sb about sth”意思相同,只是“complain”是动词,“complaint”是名词,搭配不同。 [例句]She made a formal complaint to the company about the defective product she bought.(她就购买的残次产品向公司提出了正式投诉。) 14.respond to...(回应…,对…做出反应) [解释]表示对他人的言行、问题或某种情况做出回应或反应。 [例句]The government needs to respond to the public's concerns about the environment in a timely manner.(政府需要及时回应公众对环境的担忧。) 15.in response to...(作为对…的答复) [解释]表示“作为对……的回应或答复”,常作状语,引出回应的对象。 [例句]In response to the students' request, the school decided to extend the opening hours of the library.(作为对学生请求的回应,学校决定延长图书馆的开放时间。) 16.hire sth.out(出租某物) [解释]指将自己拥有的物品(如汽车、房屋、设备等)租给他人使用,并收取费用。 [例句]They bought a few cameras and hire them out to tourists who want to take photos during their trips.(他们买了几台相机,租给想在旅行中拍照的游客。) 17.for/on hire(供出租) [解释]表示某物处于“可供出租”的状态,常作表语或后置定语。 [例句]The small boats by the lake are for hire, and you can rent one for an hour to row on the water.(湖边的小船可供出租,你可以租一艘在湖上划一小时。);There are many cars on hire near the airport, which is very convenient for travelers.(机场附近有很多可供出租的汽车,对旅客来说很方便。) 18.impress sb.with sth.(某物给某人留下深刻印象) [解释]表示“用某物给某人留下深刻印象”,主语通常是事物,宾语是人。 [例句]The beautiful scenery of the mountain impressed all the visitors with its grandeur.(这座山壮丽的美景给所有游客留下了深刻印象。) 19.be impressed by/with(被…打动,对…印象深刻) [解释]表示“被某物或某人打动,对其印象深刻”,主语是人,宾语是事物或人。 [例句]I was deeply impressed by her kindness and willingness to help others.(她的善良和乐于助人的精神给我留下了深刻印象。) 20.impress sth.on/upon sb.= impress on/upon sb.sth.(使某人意识到某事) [解释]表示“让某人清楚地意识到某事的重要性或严重性”。 [例句]The teacher impressed on the students the importance of practicing English every day.(老师让学生们清楚地意识到每天练习英语的重要性。) 21.leave/make a(n)...impression on sb.(给某人留下…印象) [解释]表示“给某人留下某种印象”,中间可加形容词,如“good”“deep”“bad”等。 [例句]His polite manners and warm smile left a good impression on the interviewer.(他礼貌的举止和温暖的微笑给面试官留下了好印象。) 22.appoint sb.as/to be+职务(任命某人为某职务) [解释]表示官方或上级正式任命某人担任某个职位。 [例句]The board of directors appointed him as the new CEO of the company to lead the team through challenges.(董事会任命他为公司新CEO,带领团队应对挑战。) 23.appoint sb.to do sth.(委派某人做某事) [解释]表示安排或委托某人去完成某项具体的任务。 [例句]The project manager appointed her to coordinate with the design team and ensure the project progresses smoothly.(项目经理委派她与设计团队协调,确保项目顺利推进。) 24.make an appointment with sb.(与某人约会) [解释]指与他人约定好见面的时间和地点,如看病、谈事情等。 [例句]I need to make an appointment with the dentist because I have a toothache.(我牙疼,需要和牙医约个时间看病。) 25.at the appointed time(在约定的时间) [解释]表示“在事先约定好的时间”,强调遵守时间安排。 [例句]Please arrive at the meeting room at the appointed time, so we can start the discussion on time.(请在约定的时间到达会议室,这样我们就能按时开始讨论。) 26.charge sb.some money for sth.(因某事向某人收费) [解释]表示“因提供某物或服务而向某人收取一定的费用”。 [例句]The restaurant charges customers 50 yuan for a bowl of special noodles.(这家餐厅一碗特色面条向顾客收费50元。) 27.charge sb.with doing sth.(指控某人做了…) [解释]指官方或法律上指控某人犯了某种错误或罪行。 [例句]The police charged him with stealing a valuable painting from the museum.(警方指控他从博物馆偷走了一幅珍贵的画。) 28.take charge of = in charge of(负责,掌管) [解释]表示“负责管理、掌管某事或某人”,“take charge of”强调“开始负责”的动作,“in charge of”强调“负责”的状态。 [例句]After the manager resigned, she was asked to take charge of the department.(经理辞职后,她被要求负责这个部门。);He is in charge of organizing all the company's events this year.(他负责组织公司今年所有的活动。) 29.in the charge of = in one’s charge(被…掌管,被…负责) [解释]表示“由某人负责管理或照顾”,主语通常是事物或人,与“take charge of/in charge of”(主语是人)区分开。 [例句]The new project is in the charge of Mr.Smith, who has rich experience in this field.(这个新项目由史密斯先生负责,他在这个领域有丰富的经验。);The children are in their teacher's charge during the school day.(白天在学校里,孩子们由老师负责照顾。) 30.tend to do(易于做…,往往会做…) [解释]表示人或事物在通常情况下“倾向于、往往会”表现出某种行为或具有某种特征。 [例句]People tend to feel more tired in winter because the days are shorter and the weather is cold.(冬天人们往往更容易感到疲劳,因为白天变短了,天气也冷。) 31.have a tendency to do sth.(有做……的倾向) [解释]与“tend to do sth”意思相同,只是“tend”是动词,“tendency”是名词,搭配不同。 [例句]This kind of plant has a tendency to grow well in warm and humid environments.(这种植物有在温暖潮湿环境中长势良好的倾向。) 32.deliver sth.to sb.(把某物交付给某人) [解释]表示“将某物送到或交给某人”,可指送货物、信件、文件等。 [例句]The courier company promises to deliver the package to the customer within three days.(这家快递公司承诺三天内将包裹送到客户手中。) 33.be scared to death(吓得要死) [解释]形容人因极度恐惧而“吓得要死”,程度很深。 [例句]When she saw the snake suddenly appear in front of her, she was scared to death and screamed loudly.(当她看到蛇突然出现在面前时,吓得要死,大声尖叫起来。) 34.be scared of doing sth./ to do sth.(害怕做某事) [解释]表示“害怕做某事”,“be scared of doing sth”常指害怕做某事的结果或可能性,“be scared to do sth”常指害怕做某事的动作本身。 [例句]She is scared of swimming in the sea because she is afraid of being attacked by sharks.(她害怕在海里游泳,因为担心被鲨鱼袭击。);He is scared to jump from a high place, so he never goes bungee jumping.(他害怕从高处跳下来,所以从不玩蹦极。) 35.replace A with/by B(用B替代A) [解释]表示“用B来替换A”,A是被替换的旧事物,B是用来替换的新事物。 [例句]The company decided to replace the old production line with a new one to improve efficiency.(公司决定用新的生产线替换旧的,以提高效率。) 36.take the place of = take one’s place(代替,取代) [解释]表示“代替某人或某物的位置,取代其作用”,“take the place of”后可接人或物,“take one’s place”后通常接人,表示“代替某人”。 [例句]With the development of technology, robots are gradually taking the place of humans in some dangerous jobs.(随着科技发展,机器人正逐渐在一些危险的工作中取代人类。);She was ill, so her colleague took her place to attend the important meeting.(她生病了,所以同事代替她参加了那场重要的会议。) 37.in operation(在工作中,有效,在使用中) [解释]可表示机器、设备“在运行中、在使用中”,也可表示规则、制度“在实施中、有效”。 [例句]The new power plant has been in operation for half a year and has provided enough electricity for the city.(这座新发电厂已经运行半年了,为城市提供了充足的电力。);The new traffic rules have been in operation since last month, and they have reduced the number of accidents.(新的交通规则从上个月开始实施,减少了事故数量。) 38.put...into operation(实施,使……运转) [解释]表示“使机器、设备开始运转”,或“使计划、规则开始实施”。 [例句]The factory spent a lot of money on the new equipment and put it into operation last week.(这家工厂在新设备上花了很多钱,上周开始让设备运转起来。);The government plans to put the new environmental protection policy into operation next year.(政府计划明年实施新的环保政策。) 39.operate on sb.(给某人动手术) [解释]指医生为治疗病人的疾病而“给某人做手术”。 [例句]The famous doctor will operate on the patient tomorrow morning to remove the tumor in his brain.(这位著名的医生明天早上将给病人做手术,切除他脑部的肿瘤。) 40.whisper to sb.(与某人耳语) [解释]指“小声地、悄悄地和某人说话”,避免被其他人听到。 [例句]She whispered to her friend that she didn't like the movie they were watching.(她小声对朋友说,自己不喜欢正在看的这部电影。) 41.in a whisper/ in whispers(低声地) [解释]表示“低声地、悄声地”说话,常作状语,修饰动词“speak”“talk”等。 [例句]They talked in whispers in the library so as not to disturb other readers.(他们在图书馆里低声交谈,以免打扰其他读者。) 42.assist sb.with sth.(帮助某人某事) [解释]表示“帮助某人做某事”,“with”后接名词或代词,指具体的事情。 [例句]The volunteer assisted the old lady with carrying her heavy shopping bags to her home.(志愿者帮老太太把沉重的购物袋送到家里。) 43.assist sb.to do sth.(帮助某人做某事) [解释]与“assist sb with sth”意思相近,“to do sth”表示帮助的具体动作。 [例句]She assisted her brother to finish his homework because he was not good at math.(她帮弟弟完成作业,因为弟弟数学不好。) 44.assist sb.in (doing) sth.(帮助某人做某事) [解释]也表示“帮助某人做某事”,“in”后可接动名词或名词,“in”有时可省略。 [例句]The new employee assisted the manager in organizing the company's annual party.(新员工帮经理组织公司的年会。) 45.with the assistance of(在……帮助下) [解释]表示“在某人或某物的帮助下”,“assistance”是名词,对应动词短语“with the help of”。 [例句]With the assistance of the advanced technology, scientists have made great progress in the research of cancer.(在先进技术的帮助下,科学家在癌症研究方面取得了很大进展。) 46.disguise oneself as(伪装成,假扮成) [解释]指“把自己伪装成、假扮成某人或某物”,以隐藏真实身份。 [例句]The spy disguised himself as a tourist to collect information in the enemy's country.(间谍假扮成游客,在敌国收集情报。) 47.in disguise(伪装(的),假扮(的)) [解释]表示“处于伪装或假扮的状态”,可作表语或后置定语。 [例句]The famous actor went out in disguise to avoid being recognized by his fans.(这位著名演员伪装外出,以免被粉丝认出来。);The thief entered the house in disguise, pretending to be a delivery man.(小偷伪装成送货员进了房子。) 48.take/have responsibility for doing sth.(承担做某事的责任) [解释]表示“对做某事负有责任,承担做某事的义务”。 [例句]Every member of the team should take responsibility for completing their own tasks on time.(团队的每个成员都应该承担起按时完成自己任务的责任。) 49.It’s one’s responsibility to do sth.(某人有责任做某事) [解释]是一个常用句型,表示“某人有责任做某事”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。 [例句]It's our responsibility to protect the environment and make the earth a better place to live.(保护地球环境,让它成为更宜居的地方,是我们的责任。) 50.do harm to sb.= do sb.harm(伤害某人) [解释]表示“对某人造成伤害”,“harm”可作名词,也可作动词,这里是名词用法。 [例句]Spreading rumors about others can do great harm to their reputation.(散布关于他人的谣言会对他们的名誉造成极大伤害。) 51.cause harm to sb.= cause sb.harm(伤害某人) [解释]与“do harm to sb”意思相同,只是用“cause”(造成)代替了“do”。 [例句]Drinking too much alcohol can cause harm to your liver and other organs.(喝太多酒会对你的肝脏和其他器官造成伤害。) 52.be harmful to...(对……有害) [解释]表示“对某人或某物有害”,“harmful”是形容词,主语通常是事物。 [例句]Exposing your skin to strong sunlight for a long time is harmful to your health.(长时间让皮肤暴露在强烈的阳光下对健康有害。) 53.a great deal of(大量的,非常多的) [解释]表示“大量的、许多的”,后接不可数名词,如时间、金钱、水等。 [例句]He spent a great deal of time studying English, so he made rapid progress.(他花了大量时间学习英语,所以进步很快。) 54.succeed in doing sth.= manage to do sth.(成功做了某事) [解释]表示“成功地完成了某事”,强调付出努力后达成目标。 [例句]After many attempts, she finally succeeded in passing the difficult exam.(经过多次尝试,她终于成功通过了这场很难的考试。);He managed to finish the project on time despite facing many difficulties.(尽管面临很多困难,他还是成功按时完成了项目。) 55.succeed sb.as/ to be...(接替某人成为……) [解释]表示“接替某人的位置,成为某个职位的担任者”。 [例句]She will succeed him as the director of the company when he retires next year.(明年他退休后,她将接替他担任公司总监。) 56.carry sb.through sth.(帮助或使得某人勇闯难关、战胜病魔等) [解释]表示“支持某人度过困难时期、战胜疾病或完成艰难任务”。 [例句]Her strong willpower carried her through the difficult period after she lost her job.(失业后的困难时期,是她坚强的意志力支撑她度过的。);The care and support from her family carried her through the serious illness.(家人的关心和支持帮助她战胜了重病。) 57.in memory of(为了纪念……) [解释]表示“为了纪念某人或某事”,常用来修饰名词,如纪念碑、活动等。 [例句]They built a monument in memory of the soldiers who died in the war.(他们建了一座纪念碑,纪念在战争中牺牲的士兵。) 58.pick up(捡起;(偶然)学会;接某人;接收(信号等)) [解释]是一个多义短语,具体含义根据语境而定,常见含义有“捡起某物”“偶然学会某种技能”“去接某人”“接收信号、广播等”。 [例句]She bent down to pick up the book she dropped on the ground.(她弯腰捡起掉在地上的书。);He picked up some French when he was traveling in France last year.(去年在法国旅行时,他偶然学会了一些法语。);I will go to the airport to pick up my friend who is coming from Beijing.(我要去机场接从北京来的朋友。);This radio can pick up many international channels.(这台收音机可以接收很多国际频道。) 59.in despair(处于绝望中) [解释]表示人因遇到无法解决的困难或遭受重大打击而“处于绝望的状态”。 [例句]After failing the exam three times, he was in despair and didn't want to try again.(考试三次失败后,他陷入绝望,不想再尝试了。) 60.come across((偶然)遇见,碰见;被理解,被弄懂) [解释]可表示“偶然遇见某人或发现某物”,也可表示“(想法、话语等)被理解、被弄懂”。 [例句]I came across an old friend of mine in the supermarket yesterday.(昨天我在超市偶然遇到了一位老朋友。);Her explanation was so clear that everyone came across her idea quickly.(她的解释很清楚,大家很快就理解了她的想法。) 61.elect to do sth.(选择/决定做某事) [解释]表示“经过考虑后选择或决定做某事”,比“choose to do sth”更正式一些。 [例句]After graduation, she elected to work in a rural area to help improve the local education level.(毕业后,她决定去农村工作,帮助提高当地的教育水平。) 62.elect sb.as+职务(选举某人为…) [解释]表示通过投票等方式“选举某人为某个职位的担任者”。 [例句]The students elected Tom as their class monitor because he is responsible and helpful.(学生们选举汤姆当班长,因为他有责任心且乐于助人。) 63.retire from(从…退休) [解释]表示“从某个单位、职位或行业退休”,“from”后接具体的单位、职位等。 [例句]My father retired from the bank last year after working there for 35 years.(我爸爸在银行工作了35年,去年退休了。) 64.resign from(从…辞职) [解释]表示“从某个职位或单位辞职”,即主动离开工作岗位,与“retire from”(到年龄退休)区分开。 [例句]He resigned from his position as a manager because he wanted to start his own business.(他辞去了经理的职位,因为想自己创业。) 65.Student Union(学生会) [解释]指学校里由学生组成的组织,负责组织学生活动、维护学生权益等。 [例句]The Student Union is going to organize a charity sale next week to raise money for poor children.(学生会下周将组织一场义卖,为贫困儿童筹集资金。) 三、核心句式 (一)what引导的名词性从句 1.语法讲解:what引导名词性从句时,可作主语、宾语、表语等成分,在从句中常表示“……的事物”“……的样子”“……的人”等,本身有意义,不能省略。what引导的名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 2.例句 主语从句:What he said at the meeting yesterday made everyone think deeply.(他昨天在会上说的话让每个人都陷入了深思。)(what在从句中作宾语,引导主语从句,整个从句在句中作主语) 宾语从句:She doesn't know what she should do next to solve the problem.(她不知道接下来该做什么来解决这个问题。)(what在从句中作宾语,引导宾语从句,作know的宾语) 表语从句:This is what I want to tell you—never give up on your dreams.(这就是我想告诉你的——永远不要放弃梦想。)(what在从句中作宾语,引导表语从句,作is的表语) (二)in which在句中引导定语从句 1.语法讲解:in which是“介词+关系代词”的结构,引导定语从句时,先行词通常是表示时间、地点、方式等的名词(如time, place, way等),in which在从句中作状语,相当于where(当先行词是地点时)、when(当先行词是时间时)或in which(当先行词是way时,也可省略in which)。 2.例句 先行词是地点:This is the school in which I studied for six years.(= This is the school where I studied for six years.)(这就是我在那里学习了六年的学校。)(先行词是school,表地点,in which在从句中作地点状语) 先行词是时间:I still remember the year in which I first came to this city.(= I still remember the year when I first came to this city.)(我依然记得我第一次来到这座城市的那一年。)(先行词是year,表时间,in which在从句中作时间状语) 先行词是方式:He has a special way in which he solves math problems.(= He has a special way (in which/that) he solves math problems.)(他有一套解决数学题的特别方法。)(先行词是way,表方式,in which在从句中作方式状语,可省略) (三)if引导的虚拟语气 1.语法讲解:if引导的虚拟语气用于表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的假设,根据假设的时间(过去、现在、将来)不同,从句和主句的谓语动词形式也不同。 与现在事实相反:从句谓语用“过去式(be动词用were)”,主句谓语用“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。 与过去事实相反:从句谓语用“had + 过去分词”,主句谓语用“would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词”。 与将来事实相反:从句谓语用“过去式(be动词用were)”“should + 动词原形”或“were to + 动词原形”,主句谓语用“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。 2.例句 与现在事实相反:If I had more time now, I would learn to play the piano.(如果我现在有更多时间,我会学习弹钢琴。)(实际情况是“现在没有更多时间”,与现在事实相反) 与过去事实相反:If she had studied harder last term, she would have passed the exam.(如果她上学期学习更努力一些,她就会通过考试了。)(实际情况是“上学期学习不够努力,没通过考试”,与过去事实相反) 与将来事实相反:If it rained tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.(如果明天下雨,我们就会取消野餐。)(实际情况是“明天可能不会下雨”,对将来的假设);If he should come here tomorrow, I would tell him the news.(如果他明天来这儿,我会告诉他这个消息。)(对将来不太可能发生的情况的假设) (四)教材中其他重点句式 1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(对一个人来说,没有什么比生命更珍贵……) 句式解析:“nothing is more + 形容词原级 + than...”是比较级的特殊用法,表示“没有什么比……更……”,相当于最高级“……是最……的”,语气强烈,强调事物的重要性。 [例句]To a student, nothing is more important than studying hard to gain knowledge.(对学生来说,没有什么比努力学习获取知识更重要的了。) 2.She responded,“I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”(她回答说:“我宁愿一辈子单身,专心学习!”) 句式解析:“would rather do sth”表示“宁愿做某事”,强调在两者之间选择更倾向于做的事情,否定形式是“would rather not do sth”(宁愿不做某事);也可用于“would rather do sth than do sth”(宁愿做某事而不愿做某事)。 [例句]I would rather stay at home and read books than go out to play on such a cold day.(在这么冷的天,我宁愿在家看书,也不愿出去玩耍。);He would rather not talk about his past experiences with others.(他宁愿不跟别人谈论自己过去的经历。) 3.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(她立即成为北京协和医院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘用的女住院医师。) 句式解析:“the first + 名词 + to do sth”是常用句式,表示“第一个做某事的……”,其中“to do sth”是不定式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词;当名词与不定式之间是被动关系时,用“to be + 过去分词”。 [例句]He was the first student in our class to win the national English competition.(他是我们班第一个赢得全国英语竞赛的学生。);This is the first building in this city to be designed by a famous international architect.(这是这座城市第一座由著名国际建筑师设计的建筑。) 4.At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.(有时人们甚至看到她骑着驴去偏远的村庄提供医疗服务。) 句式解析:“see sb doing sth”表示“看到某人正在做某事”,变为被动语态时是“sb be seen doing sth”(某人被看到正在做某事);句中“to provide medical care”是不定式作目的状语,说明“riding a donkey to faraway villages”的目的。 [例句]The children were seen playing happily in the park when their parents came.(父母来的时候,孩子们正被看到在公园里开心地玩耍。);She gets up early every morning to prepare breakfast for her family.(她每天早上早起,为家人准备早餐。)(不定式作目的状语) 5.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(尽管林巧稚从未结婚,但她被誉为“万婴之母”,一生中接生了五万多个婴儿。) 句式解析:“though”引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管、虽然”,不能与“but”同时使用;“be known as”表示“被称为、被誉为”,后接身份、称号等;“having delivered...”是现在分词的完成式作伴随状语,表示动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,且与主语之间是主动关系。 [例句]Though he is very young, he is known as a talented musician in his hometown.(尽管他很年轻,但在老家被称为有才华的音乐家。);Having finished his homework, he went out to play basketball with his friends.(完成作业后,他出去和朋友打篮球了。)(现在分词完成式作时间状语,动作发生在主句之前) 0 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 知识点(核心词汇+重点短语+核心句式)清单 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第三册
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Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 知识点(核心词汇+重点短语+核心句式)清单 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第三册
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Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 知识点(核心词汇+重点短语+核心句式)清单 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第三册
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