内容正文:
冀教版 选必4 Unit 4 Rules are rules.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
subjective /səbˈdʒektɪv/ adj. 主观的;主语的
形容词比较级:more subjective;最高级:most subjective
subject /ˈsʌbdʒekt/ n. 主题;/səbˈdʒekt/ v. 使服从
1. subjective opinion(主观意见)2. subjective judgment(主观判断)
Different people may have different subjective views on the same thing.(不同的人对同一件事可能有不同的主观看法。)
2
constitution /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ n. 章程;宪法
名词复数:constitutions
constitutional /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃənl/ adj. 宪法的
1. national constitution(国家宪法)2. company constitution(公司章程)
Every citizen should abide by the national constitution.(每个公民都应遵守国家宪法。)
3
liberty /ˈlɪbəti/ n. 自由
名词复数:liberties
liberal /ˈlɪbərəl/ adj. 自由的;开明的
1. personal liberty(人身自由)2. liberty to do sth(做某事的自由)
People have the liberty to express their own ideas in a democratic society.(在民主社会,人们有表达自己观点的自由。)
4
behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现;表现得体
动词过去式/过去分词:behaved
behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ n. 行为
1. behave oneself(举止得体)2. behave well(表现好)
Children should learn to behave politely in public places.(孩子们应学会在公共场所礼貌待人。)
5
consistent /kənˈsɪstənt/ adj. 一致的;连续的
形容词比较级:more consistent;最高级:most consistent
consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ n. 一致性
1. consistent with(与……一致)2. consistent effort(持续的努力)
His actions are always consistent with his words.(他总是言行一致。)
6
harm /hɑːm/ v. 伤害;损害;n. 伤害
动词过去式/过去分词:harmed;名词无复数
harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的
1. do harm to(对……造成伤害)2. no harm done(没造成伤害)
Smoking can do great harm to your health.(吸烟会对你的健康造成极大伤害。)
7
crime /kraɪm/ n. 犯罪活动;不法行为
名词复数:crimes
criminal /ˈkrɪmɪnl/ adj. 犯罪的;n. 罪犯
1. commit a crime(犯罪)2. violent crime(暴力犯罪)
Anyone who commits a crime will be punished by law.(任何犯罪的人都会受到法律的惩罚。)
8
theft /θeft/ n. 偷窃;偷盗罪
名词复数:thefts
thieve /θiːv/ v. 偷窃(过去式:stole;过去分词:stolen)
1. petty theft(小额偷窃)2. theft of sth(某物的偷窃案)
The police solved the theft of the valuable painting quickly.(警方很快破获了这幅珍贵画作的偷窃案。)
9
prison /ˈprɪzn/ n. 监禁;监狱
名词复数:prisons
imprison /ɪmˈprɪzn/ v. 监禁
1. send sb to prison(把某人送进监狱)2. in prison(在监禁中)
He was sent to prison for five years for robbery.(他因抢劫被判五年监禁。)
10
framework /ˈfreɪmwɜːk/ n. 结构,机制
名词复数:frameworks
无
1. legal framework(法律框架)2. theoretical framework(理论框架)
The government is building a new framework for environmental protection.(政府正在构建新的环境保护机制。)
11
warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告;警示
名词复数:warnings
warn /wɔːn/ v. 警告
1. give a warning(发出警告)2. warning sign(警示标志)
The teacher gave him a warning for being late again.(老师因他再次迟到而给他警告。)
12
punitive /ˈpjuːnətɪv/ adj. 惩罚性的
形容词比较级:more punitive;最高级:most punitive
punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v. 惩罚
1. punitive measures(惩罚性措施)2. punitive damages(惩罚性赔偿)
The school took punitive measures against students who cheated in exams.(学校对考试作弊的学生采取了惩罚性措施。)
13
absence /ˈæbsəns/ n. 缺乏;缺席
名词复数:absences
absent /ˈæbsənt/ adj. 缺席的
1. absence from(缺席……)2. in the absence of(缺乏……时)
Her absence from the meeting made everyone worried.(她缺席会议让所有人都很担心。)
14
injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害,损伤
名词复数:injuries
injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ v. 伤害
1. suffer an injury(受伤)2. personal injury(人身伤害)
He suffered a serious injury in a car accident last week.(他上周在一场车祸中受了重伤。)
15
tobacco /təˈbækəʊ/ n. 烟草;烟叶
名词复数:tobaccos
tobacco-related /təˈbækəʊ rɪˈleɪtɪd/ adj. 与烟草相关的
1. tobacco products(烟草制品)2. tobacco industry(烟草行业)
Selling tobacco to minors is illegal in most countries.(在大多数国家,向未成年人出售烟草是违法的。)
16
bully /ˈbuli/ v. 恐吓;伤害;n. 欺凌者
动词过去式/过去分词:bullied;名词复数:bullies
bullying /ˈbʊliɪŋ/ n. 欺凌行为
1. bully sb into doing sth(恐吓某人做某事)2. school bullying(校园欺凌)
Teachers should stop students from bullying their classmates.(老师应阻止学生欺凌同学。)
17
tank /tæŋk/ n. 箱,槽,罐
名词复数:tanks
无
1. water tank(水箱)2. fuel tank(油箱)
The worker checked the water tank to make sure it was full.(工人检查了水箱,确保水是满的。)
18
agency /ˈeɪdʒənsi/ n. 代理机构
名词复数:agencies
agent /ˈeɪdʒənt/ n. 代理人
1. travel agency(旅行社)2. advertising agency(广告公司)
She booked a flight to Paris through a travel agency.(她通过旅行社预订了去巴黎的机票。)
19
coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n. 覆盖范围;报道
名词无复数
cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ v. 覆盖;报道
1. media coverage(媒体报道)2. network coverage(网络覆盖)
The event received wide media coverage across the country.(该事件在全国范围内得到了广泛的媒体报道。)
20
arrow /ˈærəʊ/ n. 箭;箭号;箭头
名词复数:arrows
无
1. arrow sign(箭头标志)2. shoot an arrow(射箭)
Follow the arrow on the map to find the museum.(跟着地图上的箭头找博物馆。)
21
rubber /ˈrʌbə(r)/ n. 橡胶;橡皮
名词复数:rubbers
无
1. rubber band(橡皮筋)2. eraser rubber(橡皮)
She used a rubber to correct the mistake in her notebook.(她用橡皮擦掉了笔记本上的错误。)
22
fault /fɔːlt/ n. 过错;责任;v. 找……的缺点
名词复数:faults;动词过去式/过去分词:faulted
faulty /ˈfɔːlti/ adj. 有缺陷的
1. be at fault(有过错)2. find fault with(挑剔)
He realized he was at fault for the misunderstanding.(他意识到这场误会是他的错。)
23
bend /bend/ v. (使)倾斜;偏向;n. 弯曲处
动词过去式/过去分词:bent;名词复数:bends
bent /bent/ adj. 弯曲的
1. bend down(弯腰)2. bend over(俯身)
She bent down to pick up the fallen book.(她弯腰捡起掉落的书。)
24
proceed /prəˈsiːd/ v. 前往;继续做(或从事、进行)
动词过去式/过去分词:proceeded
procedure /prəˈsiːdʒə(r)/ n. 程序
1. proceed to(前往……)2. proceed with(继续……)
After the meeting, we proceeded to discuss the details.(会议结束后,我们继续讨论细节。)
25
arrest /əˈrest/ v. 逮捕;拘捕;n. 逮捕;拘留
动词过去式/过去分词:arrested;名词复数:arrests
无
1. arrest sb for(因……逮捕某人)2. make an arrest(实施逮捕)
The police arrested the suspect for theft last night.(警方昨晚因偷窃罪逮捕了嫌疑人。)
26
victim /ˈvɪktɪm/ n. 受害者;牺牲品
名词复数:victims
victimize /ˈvɪktɪmaɪz/ v. 使受害
1. victim of(……的受害者)2. crime victim(犯罪受害者)
She was a victim of a traffic accident last month.(她上个月是一场交通事故的受害者。)
27
permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的;永恒的
形容词比较级:more permanent;最高级:most permanent
permanently /ˈpɜːmənəntli/ adv. 永久地
1. permanent job(固定工作)2. permanent residence(永久居留)
He finally got a permanent job in a big company.(他最终在一家大公司找到了固定工作。)
28
motor /ˈməʊtə(r)/ n. 发动机;马达;adj. 机动车的;汽车的
名词复数:motors;形容词无比较级
motorcycle /ˈməʊtəsaɪkl/ n. 摩托车
1. motor car(汽车)2. motor engine(汽车发动机)
The mechanic is repairing the motor of the old car.(机械师正在修理那辆旧车的发动机。)
29
license /ˈlaɪsns/ n. 许可证;执照;v. 批准
名词复数:licenses;动词过去式/过去分词:licensed
licensed /ˈlaɪsnst/ adj. 有执照的
1. driving license(驾驶执照)2. business license(营业执照)
You must have a driving license to drive a car in this country.(在这个国家,开车必须有驾驶执照。)
30
offense /əˈfens/ n. 犯法行为;过错
名词复数:offenses
offend /əˈfend/ v. 冒犯;违法
1. commit an offense(违法)2. criminal offense(刑事犯罪)
Drunk driving is a serious criminal offense.(酒后驾车是严重的刑事犯罪。)
31
minor /ˈmaɪnə(r)/ adj. 轻微的;较小的;n. 未成年人
形容词比较级:minorer;最高级:minorest;名词复数:minors
minority /maɪˈnɒrəti/ n. 少数;少数民族
1. minor injury(轻伤)2. minor mistake(小错误)
He only suffered a minor injury in the fight.(他在打斗中只受了轻伤。)
32
prohibit /prəˈhɪbɪt/ v. 禁止;阻止
动词过去式/过去分词:prohibited
prohibition /ˌprəʊhɪˈbɪʃn/ n. 禁止
1. prohibit sb from doing sth(禁止某人做某事)2. prohibit the use of(禁止使用……)
The school prohibits students from using mobile phones in class.(学校禁止学生在课堂上使用手机。)
33
applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ n. 申请人
名词复数:applicants
apply /əˈplaɪ/ v. 申请
1. job applicant(求职者)2. college applicant(大学申请者)
The company received over 100 applications from applicants.(公司收到了100多名申请者的申请。)
34
withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. (使)撤回;收回;提取
动词过去式:withdrew;过去分词:withdrawn
withdrawal /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/ n. 撤回;取款
1. withdraw money(取钱)2. withdraw an application(撤回申请)
She went to the bank to withdraw some money for shopping.(她去银行取了些钱购物。)
35
operator /ˈɒpəreɪtə(r)/ n. 操作人员;经营者
名词复数:operators
operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ v. 操作;经营
1. machine operator(机器操作员)2. phone operator(电话接线员)
The machine operator must follow the safety rules.(机器操作员必须遵守安全规则。)
36
severity /sɪˈverəti/ n. 严重性;严厉
名词无复数
severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的;严厉的
1. the severity of(……的严重性)2. severity of punishment(惩罚的严厉程度)
Doctors explained the severity of his illness to his family.(医生向他的家人解释了病情的严重性。)
37
alcohol /ˈælkəhɒl/ n. 酒;酒精
名词无复数
alcoholic /ˌælkəˈhɒlɪk/ adj. 含酒精的;n. 酒鬼
1. alcoholic drinks(含酒精饮料)2. alcohol content(酒精含量)
Selling alcohol to people under 18 is against the law.(向18岁以下的人出售酒精是违法的。)
38
pub /pʌb/ n. 酒吧;酒馆
名词复数:pubs
无
1. go to the pub(去酒吧)2. local pub(当地酒吧)
He often goes to the local pub with his friends on weekends.(他周末常和朋友去当地的酒吧。)
39
mechanic /məˈkænɪk/ n. 机械师;力学
名词复数:mechanics
mechanical /məˈkænɪkl/ adj. 机械的
1. car mechanic(汽车机械师)2. mechanical engineer(机械工程师)
The car mechanic fixed my car in two hours.(汽车机械师两小时就修好了我的车。)
40
church /tʃɜːtʃ/ n. (基督教的)教堂;礼拜堂
名词复数:churches
无
1. go to church(去做礼拜)2. village church(乡村教堂)
They go to church every Sunday morning.(他们每周日早上都去做礼拜。)
41
institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ n. 机构;制度
名词复数:institutions
institutional /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənl/ adj. 机构的
1. educational institution(教育机构)2. social institution(社会制度)
This university is a famous educational institution in the country.(这所大学是该国著名的教育机构。)
42
elsewhere /ˌelsˈweə(r)/ adv. 在(或去、到)别处
副词无词形变化
无
1. look elsewhere(去别处找)2. go elsewhere(去别处)
If you can’t find the book here, try looking elsewhere.(如果在这里找不到这本书,试试去别处找。)
43
pigeon /ˈpɪdʒɪn/ n. 鸽子
名词复数:pigeons
无
1. carrier pigeon(信鸽)2. city pigeon(城市鸽子)
Carrier pigeons were used to send messages in the past.(过去信鸽被用来传递信息。)
44
illegal /ɪˈliːgl/ adj. 非法的;不合法的;违法的
形容词比较级:more illegal;最高级:most illegal
illegally /ɪˈliːɡəli/ adv. 非法地
1. illegal activity(非法活动)2. illegal trade(非法交易)
It is illegal to hunt wild animals in this area.(在这个地区捕猎野生动物是非法的。)
45
property /ˈprɒpəti/ n. 所有物;财产;房地产
名词复数:properties
无
1. personal property(个人财产)2. real property(房地产)
He inherited a lot of property from his grandfather.(他从祖父那里继承了很多财产。)
46
pack /pæk/ v. 打包;包装;n. 包
动词过去式/过去分词:packed;名词复数:packs
packer /ˈpækə(r)/ n. 包装工
1. pack up(打包)2. pack sth into(把某物装进……)
She started to pack up her clothes for the trip.(她开始为旅行打包衣服。)
47
breathalyzer /ˈbreθəlaɪzə(r)/ n. 呼吸测醉器
名词复数:breathalyzers
无
1. use a breathalyzer(使用呼吸测醉器)2. police breathalyzer(警方呼吸测醉器)
The police used a breathalyzer to check if the driver had been drinking.(警方用呼吸测醉器检查司机是否饮酒。)
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