Unit 4 Rules are rules 词汇同步笔记清单 -2024-2025学年高中英语冀教版选择性必修第四册

2025-10-29
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冀教版 选必4 Unit 4 Rules are rules.词汇同步笔记 序号 单词 词形变化 派生词 核心考点 例句 1 subjective /səbˈdʒektɪv/ adj. 主观的;主语的 形容词比较级:more subjective;最高级:most subjective subject /ˈsʌbdʒekt/ n. 主题;/səbˈdʒekt/ v. 使服从 1. subjective opinion(主观意见)2. subjective judgment(主观判断) Different people may have different subjective views on the same thing.(不同的人对同一件事可能有不同的主观看法。) 2 constitution /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ n. 章程;宪法 名词复数:constitutions constitutional /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃənl/ adj. 宪法的 1. national constitution(国家宪法)2. company constitution(公司章程) Every citizen should abide by the national constitution.(每个公民都应遵守国家宪法。) 3 liberty /ˈlɪbəti/ n. 自由 名词复数:liberties liberal /ˈlɪbərəl/ adj. 自由的;开明的 1. personal liberty(人身自由)2. liberty to do sth(做某事的自由) People have the liberty to express their own ideas in a democratic society.(在民主社会,人们有表达自己观点的自由。) 4 behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现;表现得体 动词过去式/过去分词:behaved behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ n. 行为 1. behave oneself(举止得体)2. behave well(表现好) Children should learn to behave politely in public places.(孩子们应学会在公共场所礼貌待人。) 5 consistent /kənˈsɪstənt/ adj. 一致的;连续的 形容词比较级:more consistent;最高级:most consistent consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ n. 一致性 1. consistent with(与……一致)2. consistent effort(持续的努力) His actions are always consistent with his words.(他总是言行一致。) 6 harm /hɑːm/ v. 伤害;损害;n. 伤害 动词过去式/过去分词:harmed;名词无复数 harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 1. do harm to(对……造成伤害)2. no harm done(没造成伤害) Smoking can do great harm to your health.(吸烟会对你的健康造成极大伤害。) 7 crime /kraɪm/ n. 犯罪活动;不法行为 名词复数:crimes criminal /ˈkrɪmɪnl/ adj. 犯罪的;n. 罪犯 1. commit a crime(犯罪)2. violent crime(暴力犯罪) Anyone who commits a crime will be punished by law.(任何犯罪的人都会受到法律的惩罚。) 8 theft /θeft/ n. 偷窃;偷盗罪 名词复数:thefts thieve /θiːv/ v. 偷窃(过去式:stole;过去分词:stolen) 1. petty theft(小额偷窃)2. theft of sth(某物的偷窃案) The police solved the theft of the valuable painting quickly.(警方很快破获了这幅珍贵画作的偷窃案。) 9 prison /ˈprɪzn/ n. 监禁;监狱 名词复数:prisons imprison /ɪmˈprɪzn/ v. 监禁 1. send sb to prison(把某人送进监狱)2. in prison(在监禁中) He was sent to prison for five years for robbery.(他因抢劫被判五年监禁。) 10 framework /ˈfreɪmwɜːk/ n. 结构,机制 名词复数:frameworks 无 1. legal framework(法律框架)2. theoretical framework(理论框架) The government is building a new framework for environmental protection.(政府正在构建新的环境保护机制。) 11 warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告;警示 名词复数:warnings warn /wɔːn/ v. 警告 1. give a warning(发出警告)2. warning sign(警示标志) The teacher gave him a warning for being late again.(老师因他再次迟到而给他警告。) 12 punitive /ˈpjuːnətɪv/ adj. 惩罚性的 形容词比较级:more punitive;最高级:most punitive punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v. 惩罚 1. punitive measures(惩罚性措施)2. punitive damages(惩罚性赔偿) The school took punitive measures against students who cheated in exams.(学校对考试作弊的学生采取了惩罚性措施。) 13 absence /ˈæbsəns/ n. 缺乏;缺席 名词复数:absences absent /ˈæbsənt/ adj. 缺席的 1. absence from(缺席……)2. in the absence of(缺乏……时) Her absence from the meeting made everyone worried.(她缺席会议让所有人都很担心。) 14 injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害,损伤 名词复数:injuries injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ v. 伤害 1. suffer an injury(受伤)2. personal injury(人身伤害) He suffered a serious injury in a car accident last week.(他上周在一场车祸中受了重伤。) 15 tobacco /təˈbækəʊ/ n. 烟草;烟叶 名词复数:tobaccos tobacco-related /təˈbækəʊ rɪˈleɪtɪd/ adj. 与烟草相关的 1. tobacco products(烟草制品)2. tobacco industry(烟草行业) Selling tobacco to minors is illegal in most countries.(在大多数国家,向未成年人出售烟草是违法的。) 16 bully /ˈbuli/ v. 恐吓;伤害;n. 欺凌者 动词过去式/过去分词:bullied;名词复数:bullies bullying /ˈbʊliɪŋ/ n. 欺凌行为 1. bully sb into doing sth(恐吓某人做某事)2. school bullying(校园欺凌) Teachers should stop students from bullying their classmates.(老师应阻止学生欺凌同学。) 17 tank /tæŋk/ n. 箱,槽,罐 名词复数:tanks 无 1. water tank(水箱)2. fuel tank(油箱) The worker checked the water tank to make sure it was full.(工人检查了水箱,确保水是满的。) 18 agency /ˈeɪdʒənsi/ n. 代理机构 名词复数:agencies agent /ˈeɪdʒənt/ n. 代理人 1. travel agency(旅行社)2. advertising agency(广告公司) She booked a flight to Paris through a travel agency.(她通过旅行社预订了去巴黎的机票。) 19 coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n. 覆盖范围;报道 名词无复数 cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ v. 覆盖;报道 1. media coverage(媒体报道)2. network coverage(网络覆盖) The event received wide media coverage across the country.(该事件在全国范围内得到了广泛的媒体报道。) 20 arrow /ˈærəʊ/ n. 箭;箭号;箭头 名词复数:arrows 无 1. arrow sign(箭头标志)2. shoot an arrow(射箭) Follow the arrow on the map to find the museum.(跟着地图上的箭头找博物馆。) 21 rubber /ˈrʌbə(r)/ n. 橡胶;橡皮 名词复数:rubbers 无 1. rubber band(橡皮筋)2. eraser rubber(橡皮) She used a rubber to correct the mistake in her notebook.(她用橡皮擦掉了笔记本上的错误。) 22 fault /fɔːlt/ n. 过错;责任;v. 找……的缺点 名词复数:faults;动词过去式/过去分词:faulted faulty /ˈfɔːlti/ adj. 有缺陷的 1. be at fault(有过错)2. find fault with(挑剔) He realized he was at fault for the misunderstanding.(他意识到这场误会是他的错。) 23 bend /bend/ v. (使)倾斜;偏向;n. 弯曲处 动词过去式/过去分词:bent;名词复数:bends bent /bent/ adj. 弯曲的 1. bend down(弯腰)2. bend over(俯身) She bent down to pick up the fallen book.(她弯腰捡起掉落的书。) 24 proceed /prəˈsiːd/ v. 前往;继续做(或从事、进行) 动词过去式/过去分词:proceeded procedure /prəˈsiːdʒə(r)/ n. 程序 1. proceed to(前往……)2. proceed with(继续……) After the meeting, we proceeded to discuss the details.(会议结束后,我们继续讨论细节。) 25 arrest /əˈrest/ v. 逮捕;拘捕;n. 逮捕;拘留 动词过去式/过去分词:arrested;名词复数:arrests 无 1. arrest sb for(因……逮捕某人)2. make an arrest(实施逮捕) The police arrested the suspect for theft last night.(警方昨晚因偷窃罪逮捕了嫌疑人。) 26 victim /ˈvɪktɪm/ n. 受害者;牺牲品 名词复数:victims victimize /ˈvɪktɪmaɪz/ v. 使受害 1. victim of(……的受害者)2. crime victim(犯罪受害者) She was a victim of a traffic accident last month.(她上个月是一场交通事故的受害者。) 27 permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的;永恒的 形容词比较级:more permanent;最高级:most permanent permanently /ˈpɜːmənəntli/ adv. 永久地 1. permanent job(固定工作)2. permanent residence(永久居留) He finally got a permanent job in a big company.(他最终在一家大公司找到了固定工作。) 28 motor /ˈməʊtə(r)/ n. 发动机;马达;adj. 机动车的;汽车的 名词复数:motors;形容词无比较级 motorcycle /ˈməʊtəsaɪkl/ n. 摩托车 1. motor car(汽车)2. motor engine(汽车发动机) The mechanic is repairing the motor of the old car.(机械师正在修理那辆旧车的发动机。) 29 license /ˈlaɪsns/ n. 许可证;执照;v. 批准 名词复数:licenses;动词过去式/过去分词:licensed licensed /ˈlaɪsnst/ adj. 有执照的 1. driving license(驾驶执照)2. business license(营业执照) You must have a driving license to drive a car in this country.(在这个国家,开车必须有驾驶执照。) 30 offense /əˈfens/ n. 犯法行为;过错 名词复数:offenses offend /əˈfend/ v. 冒犯;违法 1. commit an offense(违法)2. criminal offense(刑事犯罪) Drunk driving is a serious criminal offense.(酒后驾车是严重的刑事犯罪。) 31 minor /ˈmaɪnə(r)/ adj. 轻微的;较小的;n. 未成年人 形容词比较级:minorer;最高级:minorest;名词复数:minors minority /maɪˈnɒrəti/ n. 少数;少数民族 1. minor injury(轻伤)2. minor mistake(小错误) He only suffered a minor injury in the fight.(他在打斗中只受了轻伤。) 32 prohibit /prəˈhɪbɪt/ v. 禁止;阻止 动词过去式/过去分词:prohibited prohibition /ˌprəʊhɪˈbɪʃn/ n. 禁止 1. prohibit sb from doing sth(禁止某人做某事)2. prohibit the use of(禁止使用……) The school prohibits students from using mobile phones in class.(学校禁止学生在课堂上使用手机。) 33 applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ n. 申请人 名词复数:applicants apply /əˈplaɪ/ v. 申请 1. job applicant(求职者)2. college applicant(大学申请者) The company received over 100 applications from applicants.(公司收到了100多名申请者的申请。) 34 withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. (使)撤回;收回;提取 动词过去式:withdrew;过去分词:withdrawn withdrawal /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/ n. 撤回;取款 1. withdraw money(取钱)2. withdraw an application(撤回申请) She went to the bank to withdraw some money for shopping.(她去银行取了些钱购物。) 35 operator /ˈɒpəreɪtə(r)/ n. 操作人员;经营者 名词复数:operators operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ v. 操作;经营 1. machine operator(机器操作员)2. phone operator(电话接线员) The machine operator must follow the safety rules.(机器操作员必须遵守安全规则。) 36 severity /sɪˈverəti/ n. 严重性;严厉 名词无复数 severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的;严厉的 1. the severity of(……的严重性)2. severity of punishment(惩罚的严厉程度) Doctors explained the severity of his illness to his family.(医生向他的家人解释了病情的严重性。) 37 alcohol /ˈælkəhɒl/ n. 酒;酒精 名词无复数 alcoholic /ˌælkəˈhɒlɪk/ adj. 含酒精的;n. 酒鬼 1. alcoholic drinks(含酒精饮料)2. alcohol content(酒精含量) Selling alcohol to people under 18 is against the law.(向18岁以下的人出售酒精是违法的。) 38 pub /pʌb/ n. 酒吧;酒馆 名词复数:pubs 无 1. go to the pub(去酒吧)2. local pub(当地酒吧) He often goes to the local pub with his friends on weekends.(他周末常和朋友去当地的酒吧。) 39 mechanic /məˈkænɪk/ n. 机械师;力学 名词复数:mechanics mechanical /məˈkænɪkl/ adj. 机械的 1. car mechanic(汽车机械师)2. mechanical engineer(机械工程师) The car mechanic fixed my car in two hours.(汽车机械师两小时就修好了我的车。) 40 church /tʃɜːtʃ/ n. (基督教的)教堂;礼拜堂 名词复数:churches 无 1. go to church(去做礼拜)2. village church(乡村教堂) They go to church every Sunday morning.(他们每周日早上都去做礼拜。) 41 institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ n. 机构;制度 名词复数:institutions institutional /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənl/ adj. 机构的 1. educational institution(教育机构)2. social institution(社会制度) This university is a famous educational institution in the country.(这所大学是该国著名的教育机构。) 42 elsewhere /ˌelsˈweə(r)/ adv. 在(或去、到)别处 副词无词形变化 无 1. look elsewhere(去别处找)2. go elsewhere(去别处) If you can’t find the book here, try looking elsewhere.(如果在这里找不到这本书,试试去别处找。) 43 pigeon /ˈpɪdʒɪn/ n. 鸽子 名词复数:pigeons 无 1. carrier pigeon(信鸽)2. city pigeon(城市鸽子) Carrier pigeons were used to send messages in the past.(过去信鸽被用来传递信息。) 44 illegal /ɪˈliːgl/ adj. 非法的;不合法的;违法的 形容词比较级:more illegal;最高级:most illegal illegally /ɪˈliːɡəli/ adv. 非法地 1. illegal activity(非法活动)2. illegal trade(非法交易) It is illegal to hunt wild animals in this area.(在这个地区捕猎野生动物是非法的。) 45 property /ˈprɒpəti/ n. 所有物;财产;房地产 名词复数:properties 无 1. personal property(个人财产)2. real property(房地产) He inherited a lot of property from his grandfather.(他从祖父那里继承了很多财产。) 46 pack /pæk/ v. 打包;包装;n. 包 动词过去式/过去分词:packed;名词复数:packs packer /ˈpækə(r)/ n. 包装工 1. pack up(打包)2. pack sth into(把某物装进……) She started to pack up her clothes for the trip.(她开始为旅行打包衣服。) 47 breathalyzer /ˈbreθəlaɪzə(r)/ n. 呼吸测醉器 名词复数:breathalyzers 无 1. use a breathalyzer(使用呼吸测醉器)2. police breathalyzer(警方呼吸测醉器) The police used a breathalyzer to check if the driver had been drinking.(警方用呼吸测醉器检查司机是否饮酒。) 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 4 Rules are rules 词汇同步笔记清单 -2024-2025学年高中英语冀教版选择性必修第四册
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Unit 4 Rules are rules 词汇同步笔记清单 -2024-2025学年高中英语冀教版选择性必修第四册
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Unit 4 Rules are rules 词汇同步笔记清单 -2024-2025学年高中英语冀教版选择性必修第四册
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