专题08 如何把控陌生话题（全国通用）2026年高考英语阅读理解突破策略及押题

专题08 如何把控陌生话题 策略分析 ▲困境剖析：为何“陌生话题”成为高三阅读的“拦路虎”？ 在高三英语阅读理解的战场上，学生们最常遭遇的“劲敌”之一，便是“陌生话题”。这类语篇往往具备以下一个或多个特征： 背景知识壁垒：文章可能涉及学生日常学习鲜少接触的专业领域，如天体物理中的黑洞理论、考古学中的碳-14测年法、人工智能领域的神经网络算法，或是基因编辑技术（如CRISPR）的伦理争议。面对这些内容，学生容易因“不知道”而产生畏难情绪。 专业词汇障碍：语篇中充斥着高度专业化的术语，这些词汇在日常英语学习中几乎不会出现，导致学生阅读时频繁“卡壳”，无法形成连贯的理解。 概念高度抽象：与记叙文不同，这类说明文或议论文探讨的多是抽象概念、理论模型或未来趋势，缺乏具体的故事情节，学生难以在脑海中构建直观的画面，理解起来自然费力。 信息密度极大：为了在有限篇幅内阐明一个复杂问题，这类文章往往长句、难句居多，一句话中可能包含多个从句、插入语和复杂修饰成分，信息高度浓缩，对学生的长难句分析能力提出了极高要求。 这些因素叠加，极易导致学生陷入“读不懂→心慌→放弃→做不对”的恶性循环。然而，高考阅读理解的核心考察目标，从来都不是要求学生成为各领域的专家，而是检验学生在陌生信息环境下，通过语言线索快速获取和处理信息的能力。 ▲核心理念转变：从“知识依赖”到“文本侦探” 要攻克陌生话题，首要任务是完成一次思维上的根本转变：彻底放弃“必须看懂所有内容才能做题”的执念，树立“答案尽在文本中”的信念。 请记住，高考命题的原则是公平性。它绝不会考察超出高中生普遍认知范围的背景知识。所有问题的答案，无论是对文章主旨的概括，还是对作者态度的判断，其依据百分之百来源于所给文本。你的角色不是天文学家或生物学家，而是一名“文本侦探”。你的任务不是去评判黑洞理论是否正确，而是去破解作者在介绍黑洞理论时所使用的语言密码，从而推断出他的写作意图、情感态度和核心论点。 这种转变能让你从被动的知识接收者，转变为主动的语言分析者，将注意力从“我什么都不知道”的恐慌，转移到“我能从这些词句中发现什么线索”的探索上来。 ▲策略深化与实战应用：多维度破解作者态度与文章主旨 依托语篇结构与语言线索，我们可以将原文中的策略进行深化和细化，形成一套可操作的“组合拳”。 （一） 宏观布局策略：先搭骨架，再填血肉 在精读之前，用极短的时间（约60秒）对文章进行“侦察”，建立宏观认知。 1. 标题与副标题扫描：标题是文章的“眼睛”，往往直接点明主题或作者立场。例如，标题“The Double-Edged Sword of AI”立刻告诉你，作者对人工智能的态度是辩证的，既看到了其利，也看到了其弊。 2. 首段与末段精读：议论文和说明文通常遵循“总-分-总”或“提出问题-分析问题-解决问题”的结构。首段常用于引出话题、表明观点；末段则用于总结全文、重申观点或提出展望。这两段是理解作者态度的“黄金区域”。 3. 段落首句串联：快速阅读每段的第一句话，可以将它们串联起来，形成文章的“思维导图”。这能帮助你迅速把握文章的论述脉络和逻辑推进过程。 （二） 微观线索分析：字里行间，见微知著 在宏观布局的指引下，深入文本内部，捕捉那些暴露作者真实意图的“蛛丝马迹”。 1. 情感色彩词与态度词精准定位 褒义/积极词群：`promising`, `remarkable`, `breakthrough`, `advocate`, `effective`, `visionary`。看到这些词，作者很可能在表达支持、赞赏或乐观。 贬义/消极词群：`alarming`, `drawback`, `harmful`, `excessive`, `criticize`, `short-sighted`, `disastrous`。这些词是作者批判、担忧或反对的明确信号。 客观/中性词群：`suggest`, `indicate`, `according to`, `report`, `propose`, `observe`。这些词通常用于陈述事实或引用他人观点，作者本人态度可能较为中立或尚未明确表态。 2. 修辞手法的言外之意 比喻：“The new policy was a band-aidon a deep wound.”（新政策只是创可贴，治标不治本。）——作者认为该政策无效，是肤浅的解决方案。 反语/讽刺：“What a brilliantidea to build a factory right next to the nature reserve!”（在自然保护区旁边建工厂，真是个“绝妙”的主意！）——作者的真实态度是强烈的反对和嘲讽。 3. 转折与对比的逻辑力量 密切关注 `but`, `however`, `yet`, `while`, `whereas`, `on the contrary` 等转折词。转折之后，往往是作者真正想强调的观点。 举例分析：“The technology is hailed as a revolutionary tool for medical diagnosis. However,its potential for misuse in personal data collection raises serious privacy concerns.” 前半句是别人的看法或技术本身的优势，后半句 `However` 引出的，才是作者真正担忧和想要强调的重点。因此，作者态度是“谨慎的担忧”或“客观但存疑”，而非单纯的“支持”。 4. 例证的功能分析 作者所举的例子是为了证明他的观点。如果作者列举了大量成功案例，他很可能持支持态度；如果列举了多个失败或产生负面影响的例子，则可能持批判态度。 举例分析：在一篇讨论“远程办公”的文章中，如果作者详细描述了员工如何通过灵活安排时间提高了工作效率和生活满意度，这就是在支持远程办公。反之，如果他聚焦于团队沟通不畅、员工归属感下降等问题，则是在批判或反思这一模式。 核心操作策略例析 面对高三英语阅读理解中的陌生话题，学生应跳出“不懂背景就不懂文章”的误区，依托语篇结构与语言线索，系统运用情感词、修辞、语调、例证、文体、态度词、主旨句等策略，精准把握作者观点态度。通过大量真题训练和策略归纳，学生能够在陌生话题中游刃有余，提升阅读理解得分。 1. 情感色彩词识别法 【策略说明】 作者对某一主题或议题的情感色彩（褒义/贬义/中性）通常通过形容词、副词、动词等词汇直接透露。捕捉这些词汇，可快速判断作者的态度倾向。 【阅读语段】 Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. 【语段分析】 “fortunately”一词明确表达作者对工会力量的积极态度，支持其积极作用。 结合上下文，作者对股东阶层持批判态度（见前文“irresponsible wealth”），对工会则持肯定态度。 应用建议： 关注文中“fortunately, unfortunately, surprisingly, excessive, too many”等带有感情色彩的词，它们是作者态度的“风向标”。 2. 修辞手法解读法 【策略说明】 作者常用比喻、夸张、讽刺等修辞手法强化观点。识别修辞，可深入理解作者隐含态度。 【阅读语段】 The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners… 【语段分析】 作者将股东阶层形容为“irresponsible wealth”，并强调其“detached from duties”，表达出强烈的批判与不满。 此处通过负面词汇与比喻，间接传达对股东阶层的否定态度。 应用建议： 注意比喻、拟人、讽刺等修辞背后的情感指向，尤其在高难度科普或议论文中。 3. 语调与语气分析法 【策略说明】 作者写作时的语气（客观、激动、讽刺、冷静等）也是态度表达的重要途径。语气往往通过句式结构、转折词、程度副词等体现。 【阅读语段】 It’s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. 【语段分析】 首句即以强烈肯定的语气表达对“收养优于亲生”的支持，态度鲜明。 题目问法官裁决的态度，作者持“supportive”态度。 应用建议： 注意文中“but, however, in fact”等转折词后的内容，往往集中体现作者观点。 4. 例证与正反对比法 【策略说明】 作者常通过举例或对比表达态度。正面例子说明支持，反面例子表示反对，正反并存则可能为客观中立。 【阅读语段】 Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering… After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request… 【语段分析】 作者详细描述安乐死流程，并展示病人自主权，对安乐死持客观甚至略带支持态度。 若作者同时列举反方观点，则态度可能偏中立。 应用建议： 正反例子出现时，注意作者是否明显偏向某一方，或仅作客观陈述。 5. 文体类型与结构判断法 【策略说明】 不同文体（说明文、议论文、记叙文）的作者态度有规律性差异。说明文常客观中立，议论文态度鲜明，记叙文情感色彩浓。 【阅读语段1】 “Scientists believe the Earth is 4.6 billion years old… The Earth is always changing because of volcanoes, earthquakes and of course, wind and rain.” 【语段分析1】作者客观介绍地球演化，态度多为objective/neutral。 【阅读语段2】 Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have piles of plastic bags falling on top of me… I decided to do something myself. 【语段分析2】作者对塑料袋污染持强烈批判态度，并呼吁行动，态度为critical/caring。 应用建议： 判断文体后，结合文章结构和内容推测态度，避免主观臆断。 6. 关键词与态度词清单法 【策略说明】 积累高频态度词（如positive, negative, supportive, critical, objective, neutral, optimistic, pessimistic等），在选项和原文中快速匹配。 【试题示例】 The author’s attitude towards the judge’s ruling could be described as______. A. doubtful B. critical C. cautious D. supportive 应用建议： 建立态度词分类表，通过真题强化识别，避免因词汇障碍误判。 突破演练 1 Is learning equally effective whether students study in a classroom, at home, or in a café? And do virtual classrooms provide the same educational benefits as traditional in-person settings? Research increasingly suggests the answer is “no.” These differences stem from factors like environmental distractions, psychological engagement, and the social dynamics of physical spaces. Studies indicate that for complex tasks requiring deep focus — such as mastering mathematical concepts or analyzing literature — students perform better in structured environments like classrooms or libraries compared to casual settings. Neuroscientists attribute this to “environmental anchoring,” where physical surroundings subconsciously signal the brain to prioritize sustained attention. A 2022 meta-analysis of 50 studies found that students retained 25% more information when learning in dedicated academic spaces versus informal locations. The advantages of traditional classrooms extend beyond mere quietness. Physical classrooms provide consistent sensory cues — the arrangement of desks, wall-mounted educational posters, and even classroom lighting — that create neural pathways associated with academic focus. Students often unconsciously link specific knowledge to where they learned it, a phenomenon called “context-dependent memory.” Cognitive scientists propose the “engagement threshold theory (参与度阈值理论)” to explain why virtual learning often under-performs. This theory assumes that digital environments condition users to adopt a “consumption mindset” similar to browsing social media, reducing willingness to engage in demanding cognitive tasks. While video lectures allow pause-and-review functions, brain scans reveal lower activity in critical thinking regions compared to live discussions. Hybrid model — combining technology and traditional methods — show promise. For instance, a Stanford experiment found that students using augmented reality (AR) textbooks in classroom settings outperformed peers using either physical books alone or fully digital courses. Yet when the same AR tools were used at home, performance dropped by 18%, suggesting that technology’s benefits depend on environmental support. While digital tools enable access to global resources, educators should recognize that learning spaces themselves are educational instruments. For cultivating analytical depth, the traditional classroom’s intentional design — often refined over centuries — remains surprisingly irreplaceable. 1．What does the underlined term “environmental anchoring” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Physical spaces triggering focused mental states. B．The brain’s ability to multitask in various settings. C．Students’ preference for visually appealing classrooms. D．The use of technology to enhance learning environments. 2．According to the “engagement threshold theory,” why might virtual learning be less effective? A．Digital content is oversimplified. B．Students approach it with lower mental effort. C．Technical faults interrupt concentration. D．It lacks structured assessment methods. 3．What did the Stanford AR experiment demonstrate? A．Physical textbooks are becoming outdated. B．AR requires expensive classroom upgrades. C．Students dislike mixing physical and digital tools. D．Technology’s effectiveness relies on context. 4．What conclusion does the author draw about traditional classrooms? A．They waste resources on unnecessary design. B．Their structure discourages creative thinking. C．Their educational value is partially irreplaceable. D．They should adopt more digital technologies. 2 Timothée Chalamet, the son of a French father and Russian Jewish mother, grew up in an artistic family. In his early twenties, the New York native had already been a longtime working actor. Since 2017, this young talent has become a household name. While filming his big-screen debut (首次亮相), Christopher Nolan’s drama Interstellar, Timothée Chalamet knew very little of Hollywood, let alone the world. The young man had completed two short films and a role in a TV play Homeland, but at 17 did not yet know how to drive a car. Thankfully for him, his onscreen father, Oscar winner Matthew McConaughey, was there to give Chalamet some guidance, through the fields of corn and beyond. Since Interstellar’s 2013 release, the actor has gotten his license, spent a year studying at Columbia University, and worked on some films. He also learned to play a couple of musical instruments and picked up Italian in preparation to star in the film Call Me By Your Name. The film conquered Sundance and became a festival-circuit darling. To Chalamet, the whole scene was, understandably, strange. “Luca, Armie, and I were watching the film together in a small box, which was a special moment in itself,” he said. “And when the credits ended, they immediately put this blinding spotlight on us, so that we couldn’t see the audience, but we heard this incredible reaction. I’m a theater guy at heart, so to have a film experience that mirrored the theater experience was totally surreal.” In a lengthy Instagram post, Chalamet said that the past year has changed the way he “see and feel about so many things”. “I am learning that a good role isn’t the only criteria for accepting a job—that has become much clearer to me in the past few months, having witnessed the birth of a powerful movement intended to end injustice, inequality and, above all, silence,” he wrote. 1．What can be inferred about Timothée Chalamet when he filmed “Interstellar”? A．He was already familiar with Hollywood culture. B．He had difficulty operating a vehicle. C．He had starred in multiple feature films. D．He learned Italian for the role. 2．Why did Chalamet learn Italian? A．To study at Columbia University. B．To connect with his Russian Jewish heritage. C．To communicate with his co-stars in “Hostiles”. D．To prepare for his role in “Call Me By Your Name”. 3．What does the underlined word “surreal” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Boring. B．Confusing. C．Dreamlike. D．Frightening. 4．What is the primary focus of the passage? A．Chalamet’s evolving career and reflections on artistic growth. B．Chalamet’s struggles with addiction and social issues. C．The challenges of Chalamet’s learning new languages for film roles. D．The cultural impact of “Call Me By Your Name”. 3 At 18, British writer Lara Prior-Palmer chose an extraordinary path: the Mongol Deroy, an extremely challenging 1,000-kilometer horse race across Mongolia’s wilderness. In her first book, Rough Magic, Prior-Palmer describes her ride in all its pain, boredom, and ultimate success. “Somehow,” she writes at the beginning, “against all the odds, I won a race labeled the longest and toughest in the world and became the youngest person, and first female, ever to have done so.” Yet her story avoids overused phrases of self-praise, balancing vivid landscapes with honest words about painful saddle (马鞍) wounds and bad-smelling outdoor toilets, making it an unusual pleasure to read. For much of the book, she and her horses — 25 in all, a new horse every 40 km — drag slowly with great effort across a landscape that resists Prior-Palmer’s sight. She’s especially gifted with metaphor (隐喻) — when it rains, “there appears a smooth path behind us, as though the earth is water and we have been fish, until now,” and the clouds are “piled high as if lining up for a funeral”. For every gorgeous metaphor, there’s a pair of wet riding trousers or a toilet that’s only “a smelly hole in the ground with wet boards above to stop you from slipping into it.” By the end of Rough Magic, Prior-Palmer is amazed by the land around her. “Living in desertion,” she writes, “the land knows what I don’t: no one can carve a story into earth or sky. The wind sweeps the clouds away, the stage clears for another day.” She keeps competing, while trying to persuade herself to be more patient, and humbler. Her final hope is not to win the race — though she wants that, too — but to let the race make her free. Rough Magic seems to stand as proof that she succeeded. And as I read it from the skyless comfort of my couch, I briefly felt a bit freer, too. 1．How did Prior-Palmer feel about her performance in Mongol Derby? A．Unsatisfied. B．Pitiful. C．Expected. D．Proud. 2．What is the language style of Rough Magic? A．Plain. B．Humorous. C．Descriptive. D．Logical. 3．Why does the land impress Prior-Palmer? A．It blocks heavy winds. B．It mirrors human evolution. C．It varies with time and weather. D．It is inclusive and ever-changing. 4．What is Rough Magic about? A．A bittersweet journey. B．A well-grounded theory. C．An inspiring fairy tale. D．An impressive landscape. 4 Doctor Dolittle, the well-known, fictional naturalist who famously possesses the ability to converse with animals and understand their languages has now inspired a high-paying science prize aimed at cracking the challenge of interspecies communication. A grand prize of $500,000, awaits whichever research team can make real progress: not just decoding the language of another species but using it to draw a reply from an animal. Last week, an initial $100,000 went to a US team studying dolphin whistles — after decades of recording bottlenose dolphins in Florida, they identified around 20 distinct messaging whistles. The Coller Dolittle Challenge financed by Jeremy Coller, a vegan and animal lover, is unashamedly modelled on the Turing test (图灵测试). That 20th-century test promotes efforts to design a machine capable of imitating human conversation, and became a touchstone in the evolution of AI. It also became a focus for concerns about machines tricking, even taking over, humans. The ability to commune with other species is likely to raise similar, unsettling questions as research progresses. If we were able to decode animal chatter, should this knowledge change how we treat them, whether as pets, labour or food? The prize presents a moral challenge and it forces us to reconsider our relationships with other species. Philosopher Jonathan Birch, also a judge of the Jeremy Coller Centre, stressed that the Challenge is looking beyond the interspecies communication we have with pets, or that a farmer has with a sheepdog. Those relationships involve signalling and behavioural responses, Birch explains, “but that’s not telling us how animals communicate with each other... this prize is about understanding it so well that we can start to join the conversation.” While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopod’s (头足类动物) intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures. We might one day be able to understand what animals are saying — but there is no guarantee we will listen. 1．Why is Turing test mentioned in the passage? A．To stress its role and value in AI progress. B．To show its difference from the Challenge. C．To warn of concerns the Challenge may face. D．To show its use in interspecies communication. 2．Which research would Birch approve of to win the prize? A．People communicating with their pets. B．People directing sheepdogs during work. C．Researchers recording how cattle communicate. D．Researchers interacting with birds using whistles. 3．What does the “move the dial” mean in the last paragraph? A．Make a change. B．Win the prize. C．Slow the process. D．Continue the research. 4．What’s the author’s attitude toward the practical effect of the research? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Dismissive. 5 The Himalayan wolf and snow leopard are top predators (捕食者) in alpine ecosystems. Across the diverse landscapes of the Asian highlands, herding (放牧) communities exhibit varying attitudes toward snow leopards and wolves. Although snow leopards cause greater livestock loss, these communities generally show greater tolerance and acceptance toward snow leopards. This illustrates the predator paradox, where the more damaging predator is contradictorily more tolerated. Attitude toward snow leopards and wolves in the Himalayas are shaped by factors like religion and culture. Snow leopards hold significant cultural and spiritual value, especially in Buddhism. Local folk tales boost snow leopards’ awe, portraying them as holy beings linked to spiritual beliefs of the communities. In contrast to the awe for snow leopards, wolves are widely disliked and feared. This negative view stems from folklore, where wolves are portrayed as sly (狡猾的) and merciless predators. These tales shape public view, fostering hostility (敌意) and fear toward wolves. Conservation efforts in the Himalayas primarily concentrate on snow leopards, often overlooking other sympatric carnivores (食肉动物), like wolves. Consequently, programs for population monitoring, habitat preservation, and livestock insurance mainly benefit snow leopards, leaving wolves with minimal attention or resources. Additionally, key policy documents prioritize snow leopard conservation efforts, neglecting the ecological significance of wolves. This mistake slows down carnivore protection and makes local communities feel bitter toward wolves. Interestingly, this difference exists despite both snow leopard and Himalayan wolf being globally classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Both snow leopards and wolves are crucial to the Himalayan ecosystem, but conservation has overwhelmingly favored snow leopards. This imbalance in attention and resources worsens the challenges faced by wolves, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to conserve both species effectively. 1．What phenomenon does the “predator paradox” describe in paragraph 1? A．Top predators always cause livestock loss. B．More harmful predators are more accepted locally. C．Locals tolerate different top predators equally. D．Conservation focuses on more tolerated predators. 2．How do Himalayan herding communities view wolves? A．As sacred Buddhist beings. B．As tricky, fearsome hunters. C．Less threatening than snow leopards. D．As necessary contributors to the ecosystem. 3．What effect may the overlook of wolf conservation have? A．It puts snow leopards in danger. B．It worsens locals’ bitterness of wolves. C．It improves the alpine ecosystem balance. D．It slows the protection of carnivores overall. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why Protect Snow Leopards More? B．Who’s More Tolerated? C．How to Save Wolves? D．Where’s the Balance? 6 What is subjectively experienced as deliberate choice emerges, beyond doubt, from neural machinery operating unseen. That we feel ourselves to be choosing freely stands in stark contrast to what brain science reveals: actions supposedly decided by us are, in reality, predetermined by self-governing neural sequences. Predictable patterns in firing neurons — detected by scanners up to 10 seconds before conscious awareness of any decision arises — demonstrate this. Not only simple reflexes (膝跳反应) but also those complex judgments we believe to be carefully constructed share, as rigorous studies confirm, identical automatic characteristics, differing merely in their neural architecture. Initiation of this process occurs where emotions originate: within the amygdala, dual almond-shaped formations (杏仁状核) buried in the brain's depths. Sensory data streaming in are, with lightning speed, assigned emotional significance by this structure. Signals radiating outward then generate primal impulses — to flee, combat, immobilize, or grasp — dictated by the amygdala’s appraisal of stimuli encountered. Prior to action taking place, however, modification of these signals by conscious thought systems ordinarily occurs. Regions dedicated to recognition perform object identification; those handling memory retrieve analogous past events; zones governing logic, evaluation, and foresight jointly formulate potential responses. Selection and implementation of the optimal strategy follow, assuming unimpaired functioning — breakdowns in which result either in hesitation or erroneous behavior. Distinctive to each decision phase are specific brain wave patterns. Gamma waves (25-100 cycles/second), by which heightened consciousness of multiple relevant factors is produced, dominate initial stages. During sandwich selection, for instance, gamma activity within gustatory areas simultaneously activates and contrasts remembered tastes of ham, chickpea paste, whole-grain bread, fermented dough, etc. Paradoxically, though comprehensive option awareness appears beneficial, decisional efficiency is inversely affected by information overload, causing unconscious dismissal of peripheral elements. Thereafter observed is a critical transition: beta waves (12-30 cycles/second) become predominant, suppressing most gamma activity. Left isolated is but one gamma cluster, signifying the neural commitment made. While no external controller directs these mechanisms, improvement in decision quality can be achieved through environmental manipulation. Engagement in mentally or physically stimulating activities immediately beforehand facilitates gamma wave generation, thereby enhancing conscious representation of competing alternatives. Excessive excitement, conversely, obstructs the essential shift to beta dominance, rendering singular option isolation profoundly difficult. 1．Why does the writer mention “knee-jerk reactions” in the first paragraph? A．To introduce the finding of the latest brain imaging studies. B．To illustrate that decisions are not consciously thought out. C．To call attention to a kind of neural reaction that is not very complex. D．To show the difference between decision-making and other brain activity. 2．What does the amygdala do according to the passage? A．It works out conscious thoughts and emotions. B．It selects the best action plan for a given situation. C．It dismisses factors that are irrelevant to the decision to be made. D．It processes sensory information and generates emotional responses. 3．What can be concluded from paragraphs 4 and 5? A．Slow-wave activity usually lasts longer than fast-wave activity. B．The brain prioritizes information before settling on a final choice. C．Decision-making is difficult when slow-wave activity occurs first. D．The brain needs as much information as possible to make a decision. 4．How does engaging in stimulating activities help the decision-making process? A．By preparing the brain to single out the most reasonable choice. B．By helping the brain switch to slow-wave activity more quickly. C．By getting the brain to focus on those most relevant alternatives. D．By making the brain more aware of the factors and choices involved. 7 Years ago I spoke with a 16-year-old girl who was considering the idea of having a computer companion in the future, and she described the upside to me. It’s not that the robot she had imagined was so inspiring. It’s that she had already found people to be so disappointing. And now, for the first time, she explained to me, people have options. Back then I thought her comments seemed prescient (预见未来的) . Now I find them timely. This girl had grown up in a time when conversational machines were presented as empathy devices that could understand her. And so it seemed natural to her that other machines would expand the range of conversation. But there is something she may have been too young to understand or, like a lot of us, tend to forget when we talk to machines. These robots can perform empathy in a conversation about your friend, your mother, or your child, but they have no experience of any of these relationships. Their conversations about life occupy the realm of the as-if. In our manufacturing and marketing of these machines, we encourage children to develop an emotional tie that is sure to lead to an empathetic dead end. On top of this, it has become fashionable for psychologists to critique empathy, a unique form of human connection, just at a time when we are starting relationships with objects with none to give. The coincidence is too convenient: children will lose the ability to have empathy if they relate too consistently with objects that cannot form empathetic ties. Technology challenges us to look at our human values. We can try to use technology to cure Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, which would be a blessing, but that blessing is not a reason to move from artificial brain enhancement to artificial intimacy (亲密). And yet that is the kind of talk that one hears these days. The narrative begins with the idea that compassionate robots would be “better than nothing”, better because there aren’t enough people to teach, love, and tend to people. But that idea quickly shifts into another: robots would be better than almost anything. Unlike people, they would not abandon you or get sick and die. They might not be capable of love, but they won’t break your heart. From better than nothing to better than anything. These are stations on our voyage to forgetting what it means to be human. But the forgetting begins long before we have a robot companion in place; it begins when we even think of putting one in place. To build the robots, we must first rebuild ourselves as people ready to be their companions. Being human today is about the struggle to remain genuinely empathetic. Ourselves-to remember why it matters, to remember what we cherish. These says, to be human is to keep one’s mind on the glory that one is. 1．The author mentions the 16-year-old girl mainly to . A．draw a comparison B．provide an example C．evaluate a comment D．introduce a topic 2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A．Technology unexpectedly advances empathy studies. B．Psychologists accidentally ignore the needs of children. C．The criticism of empathy is scientifically valid but poorly timed. D．The tech industries may benefit from the timing of psychological cycles? 3．Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A．Technological progress clarifies human values through challenges. B．Artificial intimacy reflects technological progress yet threatens empathy. C．Technology’s medical benefits justify its application in emotional domains. D．Future technologies like AI companions require stricter moral regulations. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Empathy at Risk: Psychology’s New Frontier B．Why Humans Prefer Robots: An Analysis of Social Failure C．Faking Intimacy: When Machines Decrease Our Humanity D．The Rise of Robot Companions: A Technological Revolution 8 Some famous novels show that being the side character can give us access to deeper truths and a richer appreciation of the human condition than those too busy propelling the story forward. Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle “He possesses two out of the three qualities necessary for the ideal detective. He has the power of observation and that of deduction. He is only wanting in knowledge.” There is little doubt that Sherlock Holmes is the most famous detective in literature. Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories now exist in over 70 languages, and Holmes is the most portrayed literary character in film and television history. As a detective, Holmes often takes the lead in solving mysteries, but the story is told from the perspective of Dr. John H. Watson, Holmes’s loyal friend and companion. There are many advantages to this. First, Holmes is odd and tends to focus on minor details. Telling a short story from his perspective would make it anything but short. Dr. Watson translates Holmes’s oddity into something less tiring for the reader. On a literary level, having the story told by the companion helps keep the reader in suspense. If we had access to everything Holmes knew, the game would be over before it was happening. By seeing the Victorian world through Watson’s eyes, not only are we provided a picture that non-detectives can comprehend, but we get to enjoy Sherlock’s exciting adventures, free of spoiler (剧透). The Great Gatsby by E. Scot Fitzgerald “Yet high over the city, our line of yellow windows must have contributed their share of human secrecy to the casual watcher in the darkening streets, and I was him too, looking up and wondering. I was within and without, simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible variety of life.” F. Scott Fitzgerald’s best-known work is a meditation on class in the supposedly egalitarian (平等主义) United States, the excesses of the 1920s, and how horrible it can be when the American Dream comes true. The story is told from the perspective of Nick Carraway, a young man who has moved to Long Island in hopes of becoming a stockbroker and cashing in on the 1920s boom. As the title suggests, the real hero of the story is his mysterious neighbor, Jay Gatsby. The difficulty of the story centers on Gatsby’s attempts to pursue Nick’s married cousin Daisy, his dreams of reliving the past, and his efforts to climb into the upper-class of American society. Nick, who is an unreliable narrator, is present for many of the main events in the story. However, as hinted at in the above quote, he considers himself an observer rather than a driver of those events. This allows us to get an outside view of the situation from somebody who admits he doesn’t entirely fit into the world he’s participating in while still being an intimate companion of those who do. The resulting commentary on the life of the American upper crust (症结) has been debated for a century. 1．If written from the perspective of Sherlock Holmes instead of Dr. John Watson, the book Sherlock Holmes would be ________. A．short and to the point B．incomprehensible and long C．full of spoiler and suspense D．interesting but too professional 2．What can be inferred from The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald? A．Nick Carraway is not just as observer but a driver of the story events. B．The real mysterious hero behind the title of the novel is Nick Garraway. C．Readers will know more about the American upper class from Jay Gatsby’s perspective. D．The unreliable narrator prevents readers grasping the harms of pursuing the American Dream. 3．Quotes from Sherlock Holmes and The Great Gatsby given below the title respectively in order to ________. A．stick to the traditional pattern of a famous novel B．indicate the side character’s role as the narrator C．remind readers of the theme and plot of the novels D．explain the main character’s neglect of deep truths 4．What message does the author want to convey through the two books mentioned? A．Side characters in novels are usually dismissed as unimportant. B．Classical novels must have quotes that have enduring power among readers. C．Stories told from the most important character’s perspective are still the mainstream. D．Individual, or historical eras can be deeply explored from a unique sideline perspective. 9 At a summit in Paris in February, 2025, tech bosses issued the grandest claims about artificial intelligence. Dario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic, said it would lead to the “largest change to the global labor market in human history”. Jensen Huang, CEO of NVidia, envisioned a future where workers “are all going to be CEOs of AI agents”. Such predictions draw on an established thought. As large language models gained popularity in the early 2020s, economists and bosses were hopeful that AI would help promote equality, benefiting lower-skilled workers most. Despite such optimism about AI as an equalizer in labor market, more recent findings have cast doubt on this vision. They instead suggest a future where high-flyers fly still higher, and the rest are left behind. Rather than narrowing gaps, AI is likely to widen workforce divides in the long term. For example, for air-traffic controllers, AI processes flight data while leaving decisions to humans, thus keeping salaries high. By contrast, self-check-out systems simplify cashiers’ (收银员) roles, automating tasks like calculating change, which lowers the skill requirements, causing wages to decline. Apart from its replacement of routine jobs, AI may extend its reach to creative work. At A&O Shearman, a law firm, AI can analyze contracts and suggest revisions within 30 seconds, handling much of the work once done by associate lawyers. In contrast, top performers have been best at using technology to make strategic decisions. Therefore, it is junior staff who are the most at risk. Labor markets have always been defined by the destruction of old roles and the creation of new ones. In the Industrial Revolution, engineers mastering machinery saw their wages skyrocket while laborers lost out. The Computer Age then rewarded software engineers and outdated typists. AI appears to follow a similar path, benefiting those with judgment and expertise to handle complex, information-rich environments. Today’s AI are just the beginning. As it grows more complicated, workplaces might be transformed, making every worker a CEO of sorts, as Jensen Huang has predicted. But there will be no equalizing: the most talented will still make the best CEOs. 1．What is the tech bosses’ attitude towards the future of AI? A．Doubtful. B．Ambitious. C．Pessimistic. D．Unconcerned. 2．What can we infer about the long-term impact of AI? A．AI will slow the global economic growth. B．AI will narrow the gap of wage inequality. C．AI will disadvantage lower-skilled workers. D．AI will enhance creative work opportunities. 3．Why does the author mention labor market changes in paragraph 5? A．To recommend stable jobs. B．To stress advanced technology. C．To picture an uncertain future. D．To illustrate an irresistible trend. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．What Defines the Future Labor Markets B．When AI Surpasses Human Intelligence C．How AI will Divide the Best from the Rest D．Where Humans Still Have an Edge over AI 10 Every time I told Joan what a great mother she was, she would respond with the story of a “bad-mother” day. She told me about waking up once in the middle of the night, foggy-brained, unable to remember if she had put her two-year-old to bed. She got up and was horrified to find the baby’s crib (摇篮) empty. Racing crazily through the house, she finally found Patty in the kitchen, sound asleep in her high chair. “At least I had fastened her in the seat,” Joan said. Nobody’s perfect, we knew, but mothers are somehow expected to exceed all human limits. This ideal is especially ridiculous since mothers are likely to have more bad days on the job than most professionals, considering the hours around the clock, seven days a week, fifty-two weeks a year, no sick days. Given the punishing rules and the disrespectful labels for any mom who breaks them, mothers are reluctant to admit having bad days. We all have them, of course, a secret that only makes us feel more guilty. But once my friends and I started telling the truth, we couldn’t stop. But however painful or compromising the reality of motherhood, we preferred it to the national game of “Let’s Pretend”, the fantasy in which we are all supposed to be perfect mothers in perfect families. Once I’d given birth to my sons, there were no guarantees. That first burst of love expanded over the next two decades, along with the growing realization that I could not possess them for long, keep them safe, or ensure their happy lives. Joy/ pain...joy/pain... the heartbeat of motherhood. 1．Why did Joan feel horrified after she got up? A．Joan had a nightmare about losing Patty. B．Joan didn’t find Patty in the baby’s crib. C．Patty was stuck in the high chair. D．Patty cried loudly in the kitchen. 2．How does the author view the social expectation of mothers being perfect? A．It is unfair and unrealistic. B．It is practical and necessary. C．It encourages better parenting. D．It denies the importance of motherhood. 3．What do we know about mothers from the text? A．They went through inner struggles. B．They ensured their children’s safety. C．They enjoyed every part of raising kids. D．They referred to motherhood as effortless. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Mothers’ Emotional Issues B．Mothers’ Social Contributions C．Family Structures and Parenting D．Perfect Mother Myths and Reality 11 In the vast symphony of human expression, few disciplines engage the mind and stir the soul quite like music and physics. Surprisingly, these two areas are connected in ways that have been recognized for centuries. Even the great Albert Einstein, whose ideas reshaped our understanding of the universe, famously stated that had his path led him away from physics, he would have found joy in playing music. As a scientist and musician, I’ve been privileged to journey between both disciplines, discovering the profound connections beneath the surface. My journey began in the Bronx, where hip-hop culture and science came together in exciting ways. Years later, at Imperial College London, I was once again immersed in a space where creativity and inquiry integrated. I regularly stopped into the studio of the celebrated producer Brian Eno, where I witnessed first-hand his unique combination of artistic expression and scientific exploration. To bridge the gap between disciplines, I created The Jazz of Modern Physics course at Brown University in Rhode Island, introducing students to the wonders of modern physics through the principles of music and sound. The response was overwhelming, as students from diverse backgrounds embraced the opportunity to explore the intersection of art and science in new and unexpected ways. They learned about the harmonics of string theory (弦理论) and the rhythms of quantum mechanics (量子力学) expressed through mathematics and melody. My mission continued with the founding of the Sound+Science after-school program, aimed at students from underserved communities. In this program, students use electronic music equipment to explore the physics of sound waves and harmonics. They work alongside PhD students in music and physics, discovering the beauty of math and the excitement of audio experimentation. In the connection between music and physics, we see that we are not just observers of the universe but active participants in its ongoing symphony. Let us embrace this harmony, where science and music come together to unlock the mysteries of the universe and the depths of our souls. 1．Einstein’s statement is mentioned in paragraph 1 to highlight ______. A．his deep insights into music B．the challenges of career switching C．his influence in the field of science D．time-tested links between art and science 2．Why did the writer create The Jazz of Modern Physics course? A．To teach classical music theory. B．To combine music and physics. C．To introduce quantum mechanics. D．To explore diverse opportunities. 3．How does the writer mainly support his viewpoint? A．By referring to historical events. B．By presenting scientific definitions. C．By comparing experimental results. D．By sharing career-related experiences. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Music’s Role in Scientific Discovery B．A Journey through Music and Science C．Harmonizing Science and Music D．Exploring the Physics of Sound 12 Leonardo da Vinci did practically everything, and he did it all amazingly well. He was a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and musician. Born in the town of Vinci, Italy, he was given the last name da Vinci, which means “from Vinci”. Leonardo loved to draw. He apprenticed (师从) with a famous painter and sculptor in Florence. He would mix colors, clean brushes, and ready the walls or wood for painting. Young Leonardo was so talented that one day he painted a very realistic-looking angel. His teacher threw down his paintbrush in jealousy, declaring he would never paint again. Royalty, wealthy patrons, and even the Pope asked Leonardo to paint for them. He took on a lot of work, but he was easily distracted. He often didn’t finish what he promised. Leonardo had a never-ending thirst for knowledge. At night he would secretly cut apart dead bodies that he got from hospitals or prisons to learn humananatomy, which helped him learn how the body and its organs fit together and made his paintings look more realistic. Leonardo did not outline his people. His study of nature made him realize that people and animals don’t have outlines. He used a technique called sfumato, which comes from the Latin word that means “smoky.” With sfumato, one color is blended into another in a soft, hazy way. TheMona Lisais the most famous painting of Leonardo, and her smile is the most famous smile. Who was she? She was the wife of a wealthy man from Florence who hired Leonardo to paint her portrait. She had to sit completely still for many hours, day after day, Leonardo brought in clowns and musicians to entertain her. This painting is so famous that it was stolen right off the wall of the Louvre in 1911. After a lot of detective work, theMona Lisawas discovered in Italy two years later, and the art thief was arrested. 1．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．Leonardo was keen on nature B．Leonardo was no more than a painter C．Leonardo was named after his hometown D．Leonardo was completely a self-taught famous painter 2．The underlined word “anatomy” in paragraph 3 refers to ________. A．an artistic method for a realistic drawing B．a group of essential organs of the human body C．an attractive technique to draw the human bodies D．a scientific study of the structure of human bodies 3．The words ________ can best describe Leonardo da Vinci. A．gifted & considerate B．practical & cautious C．enthusiastic & optimistic D．successful & reliable 4．The passage is mainly about ________. A．the early life of Leonardo da Vinci B．a famous painting of Leonardo da Vinci C．a general introduction to Leonardo da Vinci D．a demonstration of the painting style of Leonardo da Vinci 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 如何把控陌生话题 策略分析 ▲困境剖析：为何“陌生话题”成为高三阅读的“拦路虎”？ 在高三英语阅读理解的战场上，学生们最常遭遇的“劲敌”之一，便是“陌生话题”。这类语篇往往具备以下一个或多个特征： 背景知识壁垒：文章可能涉及学生日常学习鲜少接触的专业领域，如天体物理中的黑洞理论、考古学中的碳-14测年法、人工智能领域的神经网络算法，或是基因编辑技术（如CRISPR）的伦理争议。面对这些内容，学生容易因“不知道”而产生畏难情绪。 专业词汇障碍：语篇中充斥着高度专业化的术语，这些词汇在日常英语学习中几乎不会出现，导致学生阅读时频繁“卡壳”，无法形成连贯的理解。 概念高度抽象：与记叙文不同，这类说明文或议论文探讨的多是抽象概念、理论模型或未来趋势，缺乏具体的故事情节，学生难以在脑海中构建直观的画面，理解起来自然费力。 信息密度极大：为了在有限篇幅内阐明一个复杂问题，这类文章往往长句、难句居多，一句话中可能包含多个从句、插入语和复杂修饰成分，信息高度浓缩，对学生的长难句分析能力提出了极高要求。 这些因素叠加，极易导致学生陷入“读不懂→心慌→放弃→做不对”的恶性循环。然而，高考阅读理解的核心考察目标，从来都不是要求学生成为各领域的专家，而是检验学生在陌生信息环境下，通过语言线索快速获取和处理信息的能力。 ▲核心理念转变：从“知识依赖”到“文本侦探” 要攻克陌生话题，首要任务是完成一次思维上的根本转变：彻底放弃“必须看懂所有内容才能做题”的执念，树立“答案尽在文本中”的信念。 请记住，高考命题的原则是公平性。它绝不会考察超出高中生普遍认知范围的背景知识。所有问题的答案，无论是对文章主旨的概括，还是对作者态度的判断，其依据百分之百来源于所给文本。你的角色不是天文学家或生物学家，而是一名“文本侦探”。你的任务不是去评判黑洞理论是否正确，而是去破解作者在介绍黑洞理论时所使用的语言密码，从而推断出他的写作意图、情感态度和核心论点。 这种转变能让你从被动的知识接收者，转变为主动的语言分析者，将注意力从“我什么都不知道”的恐慌，转移到“我能从这些词句中发现什么线索”的探索上来。 ▲策略深化与实战应用：多维度破解作者态度与文章主旨 依托语篇结构与语言线索，我们可以将原文中的策略进行深化和细化，形成一套可操作的“组合拳”。 （一） 宏观布局策略：先搭骨架，再填血肉 在精读之前，用极短的时间（约60秒）对文章进行“侦察”，建立宏观认知。 1. 标题与副标题扫描：标题是文章的“眼睛”，往往直接点明主题或作者立场。例如，标题“The Double-Edged Sword of AI”立刻告诉你，作者对人工智能的态度是辩证的，既看到了其利，也看到了其弊。 2. 首段与末段精读：议论文和说明文通常遵循“总-分-总”或“提出问题-分析问题-解决问题”的结构。首段常用于引出话题、表明观点；末段则用于总结全文、重申观点或提出展望。这两段是理解作者态度的“黄金区域”。 3. 段落首句串联：快速阅读每段的第一句话，可以将它们串联起来，形成文章的“思维导图”。这能帮助你迅速把握文章的论述脉络和逻辑推进过程。 （二） 微观线索分析：字里行间，见微知著 在宏观布局的指引下，深入文本内部，捕捉那些暴露作者真实意图的“蛛丝马迹”。 1. 情感色彩词与态度词精准定位 褒义/积极词群：`promising`, `remarkable`, `breakthrough`, `advocate`, `effective`, `visionary`。看到这些词，作者很可能在表达支持、赞赏或乐观。 贬义/消极词群：`alarming`, `drawback`, `harmful`, `excessive`, `criticize`, `short-sighted`, `disastrous`。这些词是作者批判、担忧或反对的明确信号。 客观/中性词群：`suggest`, `indicate`, `according to`, `report`, `propose`, `observe`。这些词通常用于陈述事实或引用他人观点，作者本人态度可能较为中立或尚未明确表态。 2. 修辞手法的言外之意 比喻：“The new policy was a band-aidon a deep wound.”（新政策只是创可贴，治标不治本。）——作者认为该政策无效，是肤浅的解决方案。 反语/讽刺：“What a brilliantidea to build a factory right next to the nature reserve!”（在自然保护区旁边建工厂，真是个“绝妙”的主意！）——作者的真实态度是强烈的反对和嘲讽。 3. 转折与对比的逻辑力量 密切关注 `but`, `however`, `yet`, `while`, `whereas`, `on the contrary` 等转折词。转折之后，往往是作者真正想强调的观点。 举例分析：“The technology is hailed as a revolutionary tool for medical diagnosis. However,its potential for misuse in personal data collection raises serious privacy concerns.” 前半句是别人的看法或技术本身的优势，后半句 `However` 引出的，才是作者真正担忧和想要强调的重点。因此，作者态度是“谨慎的担忧”或“客观但存疑”，而非单纯的“支持”。 4. 例证的功能分析 作者所举的例子是为了证明他的观点。如果作者列举了大量成功案例，他很可能持支持态度；如果列举了多个失败或产生负面影响的例子，则可能持批判态度。 举例分析：在一篇讨论“远程办公”的文章中，如果作者详细描述了员工如何通过灵活安排时间提高了工作效率和生活满意度，这就是在支持远程办公。反之，如果他聚焦于团队沟通不畅、员工归属感下降等问题，则是在批判或反思这一模式。 核心操作策略例析 面对高三英语阅读理解中的陌生话题，学生应跳出“不懂背景就不懂文章”的误区，依托语篇结构与语言线索，系统运用情感词、修辞、语调、例证、文体、态度词、主旨句等策略，精准把握作者观点态度。通过大量真题训练和策略归纳，学生能够在陌生话题中游刃有余，提升阅读理解得分。 1. 情感色彩词识别法 【策略说明】 作者对某一主题或议题的情感色彩（褒义/贬义/中性）通常通过形容词、副词、动词等词汇直接透露。捕捉这些词汇，可快速判断作者的态度倾向。 【阅读语段】 Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. 【语段分析】 “fortunately”一词明确表达作者对工会力量的积极态度，支持其积极作用。 结合上下文，作者对股东阶层持批判态度（见前文“irresponsible wealth”），对工会则持肯定态度。 应用建议： 关注文中“fortunately, unfortunately, surprisingly, excessive, too many”等带有感情色彩的词，它们是作者态度的“风向标”。 2. 修辞手法解读法 【策略说明】 作者常用比喻、夸张、讽刺等修辞手法强化观点。识别修辞，可深入理解作者隐含态度。 【阅读语段】 The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners… 【语段分析】 作者将股东阶层形容为“irresponsible wealth”，并强调其“detached from duties”，表达出强烈的批判与不满。 此处通过负面词汇与比喻，间接传达对股东阶层的否定态度。 应用建议： 注意比喻、拟人、讽刺等修辞背后的情感指向，尤其在高难度科普或议论文中。 3. 语调与语气分析法 【策略说明】 作者写作时的语气（客观、激动、讽刺、冷静等）也是态度表达的重要途径。语气往往通过句式结构、转折词、程度副词等体现。 【阅读语段】 It’s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. 【语段分析】 首句即以强烈肯定的语气表达对“收养优于亲生”的支持，态度鲜明。 题目问法官裁决的态度，作者持“supportive”态度。 应用建议： 注意文中“but, however, in fact”等转折词后的内容，往往集中体现作者观点。 4. 例证与正反对比法 【策略说明】 作者常通过举例或对比表达态度。正面例子说明支持，反面例子表示反对，正反并存则可能为客观中立。 【阅读语段】 Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering… After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request… 【语段分析】 作者详细描述安乐死流程，并展示病人自主权，对安乐死持客观甚至略带支持态度。 若作者同时列举反方观点，则态度可能偏中立。 应用建议： 正反例子出现时，注意作者是否明显偏向某一方，或仅作客观陈述。 5. 文体类型与结构判断法 【策略说明】 不同文体（说明文、议论文、记叙文）的作者态度有规律性差异。说明文常客观中立，议论文态度鲜明，记叙文情感色彩浓。 【阅读语段1】 “Scientists believe the Earth is 4.6 billion years old… The Earth is always changing because of volcanoes, earthquakes and of course, wind and rain.” 【语段分析1】作者客观介绍地球演化，态度多为objective/neutral。 【阅读语段2】 Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have piles of plastic bags falling on top of me… I decided to do something myself. 【语段分析2】作者对塑料袋污染持强烈批判态度，并呼吁行动，态度为critical/caring。 应用建议： 判断文体后，结合文章结构和内容推测态度，避免主观臆断。 6. 关键词与态度词清单法 【策略说明】 积累高频态度词（如positive, negative, supportive, critical, objective, neutral, optimistic, pessimistic等），在选项和原文中快速匹配。 【试题示例】 The author’s attitude towards the judge’s ruling could be described as______. A. doubtful B. critical C. cautious D. supportive 应用建议： 建立态度词分类表，通过真题强化识别，避免因词汇障碍误判。 突破演练 1 Is learning equally effective whether students study in a classroom, at home, or in a café? And do virtual classrooms provide the same educational benefits as traditional in-person settings? Research increasingly suggests the answer is “no.” These differences stem from factors like environmental distractions, psychological engagement, and the social dynamics of physical spaces. Studies indicate that for complex tasks requiring deep focus — such as mastering mathematical concepts or analyzing literature — students perform better in structured environments like classrooms or libraries compared to casual settings. Neuroscientists attribute this to “environmental anchoring,” where physical surroundings subconsciously signal the brain to prioritize sustained attention. A 2022 meta-analysis of 50 studies found that students retained 25% more information when learning in dedicated academic spaces versus informal locations. The advantages of traditional classrooms extend beyond mere quietness. Physical classrooms provide consistent sensory cues — the arrangement of desks, wall-mounted educational posters, and even classroom lighting — that create neural pathways associated with academic focus. Students often unconsciously link specific knowledge to where they learned it, a phenomenon called “context-dependent memory.” Cognitive scientists propose the “engagement threshold theory (参与度阈值理论)” to explain why virtual learning often under-performs. This theory assumes that digital environments condition users to adopt a “consumption mindset” similar to browsing social media, reducing willingness to engage in demanding cognitive tasks. While video lectures allow pause-and-review functions, brain scans reveal lower activity in critical thinking regions compared to live discussions. Hybrid model — combining technology and traditional methods — show promise. For instance, a Stanford experiment found that students using augmented reality (AR) textbooks in classroom settings outperformed peers using either physical books alone or fully digital courses. Yet when the same AR tools were used at home, performance dropped by 18%, suggesting that technology’s benefits depend on environmental support. While digital tools enable access to global resources, educators should recognize that learning spaces themselves are educational instruments. For cultivating analytical depth, the traditional classroom’s intentional design — often refined over centuries — remains surprisingly irreplaceable. 1．What does the underlined term “environmental anchoring” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Physical spaces triggering focused mental states. B．The brain’s ability to multitask in various settings. C．Students’ preference for visually appealing classrooms. D．The use of technology to enhance learning environments. 2．According to the “engagement threshold theory,” why might virtual learning be less effective? A．Digital content is oversimplified. B．Students approach it with lower mental effort. C．Technical faults interrupt concentration. D．It lacks structured assessment methods. 3．What did the Stanford AR experiment demonstrate? A．Physical textbooks are becoming outdated. B．AR requires expensive classroom upgrades. C．Students dislike mixing physical and digital tools. D．Technology’s effectiveness relies on context. 4．What conclusion does the author draw about traditional classrooms? A．They waste resources on unnecessary design. B．Their structure discourages creative thinking. C．Their educational value is partially irreplaceable. D．They should adopt more digital technologies. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了不同学习环境对学习效果的影响，指出传统教室有不可替代的教育价值，混合模式有前景但技术效果依赖环境。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线短语后定语从句“...where physical surroundings subconsciously signal the brain to prioritize sustained attention. (即物理环境会下意识地向大脑发出信号，让大脑优先保持持续的注意力)”就是对短语environmental anchoring的解释说明，在物理环境会下让大脑优先保持持续的注意力，即：物理空间触发专注的精神状态。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Cognitive scientists propose the ‘engagement threshold theory (参与度阈值理论)’ to explain why virtual learning often under-performs. This theory assumes that digital environments condition users to adopt a ‘consumption mindset’ similar to browsing social media, reducing willingness to engage in demanding cognitive tasks. (认知科学家提出了‘投入阈值理论’来解释为什么虚拟学习往往表现不佳。该理论认为，数字环境会让用户形成一种类似于浏览社交媒体的‘消费心态’，降低了他们参与高要求认知任务的意愿)”可知，根据“参与度阈值理论”，数字环境会让用户形成一种类似于浏览社交媒体的‘消费心态’，降低了他们参与高要求认知任务的意愿，也就是说，学生在数字虚拟环境中，有类似于浏览社交媒体的心态，不愿参与高要求认知任务，投入的脑力较少。所以，虚拟学习效果较差是因为学生投入的脑力较少。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“For instance, a Stanford experiment found that students using augmented reality (AR) textbooks in classroom settings outperformed peers using either physical books alone or fully digital courses. Yet when the same AR tools were used at home, performance dropped by 18%, suggesting that technology’s benefits depend on environmental support. (例如，斯坦福大学的一项实验发现，在课堂上使用增强现实(AR)教科书的学生比只使用实体书或完全数字化课程的学生表现得更好。然而，当同样的增强现实工具在家中使用时，成绩下降了18%，这表明技术的好处依赖于环境支持)”可知，斯坦福的增强现实实验表明技术的有效性依赖于环境。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“For cultivating analytical depth, the traditional classroom’s intentional design — often refined over centuries — remains surprisingly irreplaceable. (为了培养分析能力，传统教室经过几个世纪精心设计，其教育价值仍然令人惊讶地不可替代)”可知，作者得出的结论是传统教室的教育价值部分不可替代。故选C项。 2 Timothée Chalamet, the son of a French father and Russian Jewish mother, grew up in an artistic family. In his early twenties, the New York native had already been a longtime working actor. Since 2017, this young talent has become a household name. While filming his big-screen debut (首次亮相), Christopher Nolan’s drama Interstellar, Timothée Chalamet knew very little of Hollywood, let alone the world. The young man had completed two short films and a role in a TV play Homeland, but at 17 did not yet know how to drive a car. Thankfully for him, his onscreen father, Oscar winner Matthew McConaughey, was there to give Chalamet some guidance, through the fields of corn and beyond. Since Interstellar’s 2013 release, the actor has gotten his license, spent a year studying at Columbia University, and worked on some films. He also learned to play a couple of musical instruments and picked up Italian in preparation to star in the film Call Me By Your Name. The film conquered Sundance and became a festival-circuit darling. To Chalamet, the whole scene was, understandably, strange. “Luca, Armie, and I were watching the film together in a small box, which was a special moment in itself,” he said. “And when the credits ended, they immediately put this blinding spotlight on us, so that we couldn’t see the audience, but we heard this incredible reaction. I’m a theater guy at heart, so to have a film experience that mirrored the theater experience was totally surreal.” In a lengthy Instagram post, Chalamet said that the past year has changed the way he “see and feel about so many things”. “I am learning that a good role isn’t the only criteria for accepting a job—that has become much clearer to me in the past few months, having witnessed the birth of a powerful movement intended to end injustice, inequality and, above all, silence,” he wrote. 1．What can be inferred about Timothée Chalamet when he filmed “Interstellar”? A．He was already familiar with Hollywood culture. B．He had difficulty operating a vehicle. C．He had starred in multiple feature films. D．He learned Italian for the role. 2．Why did Chalamet learn Italian? A．To study at Columbia University. B．To connect with his Russian Jewish heritage. C．To communicate with his co-stars in “Hostiles”. D．To prepare for his role in “Call Me By Your Name”. 3．What does the underlined word “surreal” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Boring. B．Confusing. C．Dreamlike. D．Frightening. 4．What is the primary focus of the passage? A．Chalamet’s evolving career and reflections on artistic growth. B．Chalamet’s struggles with addiction and social issues. C．The challenges of Chalamet’s learning new languages for film roles. D．The cultural impact of “Call Me By Your Name”. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了提莫西·查拉梅的演艺生涯及个人感悟。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The young man had completed two short films and a role in a TV play Homeland, but at 17 did not yet know how to drive a car. (这个年轻人已经完成了两部短片，并在电视剧《国土安全》中扮演了一个角色，但17岁的他还不知道如何开车)”可知，提莫西·查拉梅在拍摄《星际穿越》时还不会开车，也就是开车对他来说有困难。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“He also learned to play a couple of musical instruments and picked up Italian in preparation to star in the film Call Me By Your Name. (他还学会了演奏几种乐器，并学会了意大利语，为出演电影《请以你的名字呼唤我》做准备)”可知，提莫西·查拉梅学意大利语是为了出演电影《请以你的名字呼唤我》。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“I’m a theater guy at heart, so to have a film experience that mirrored the theater experience was totally surreal. (我内心是个戏剧人，所以拥有一种与戏剧体验相呼应的电影体验是完全surreal的)”可知，提莫西·查拉梅内心是个戏剧人，所以对他来说，拥有一种与戏剧体验相呼应的电影体验是非常不真实的，就像做梦一样，所以surreal的意思是“梦幻般的，不真实的”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Timothée Chalamet, the son of a French father and Russian Jewish mother, grew up in an artistic family. In his early twenties, the New York native had already been a longtime working actor. Since 2017, this young talent has become a household name. (提莫西·查拉梅的父亲是法国人，母亲是俄罗斯犹太人，他在一个艺术家庭中长大。二十出头时，这位纽约本地人就已经是一位长期从事演艺工作的演员了。自2017年以来，这位年轻的人才已经家喻户晓)” 、第三段中“Since Interstellar’s 2013 release, the actor has gotten his license, spent a year studying at Columbia University, and worked on some films. He also learned to play a couple of musical instruments and picked up Italian in preparation to star in the film Call Me By Your Name. (自《星际穿越》2013年上映以来，这位演员已经拿到了驾照，在哥伦比亚大学学习了一年，并参与了一些电影的拍摄。他还学会了演奏几种乐器，并学会了意大利语，为出演电影《请以你的名字呼唤我》做准备)”以及最后一段“In a lengthy Instagram post, Chalamet said that the past year has changed the way he ‘see and feel about so many things’. ‘I am learning that a good role isn’t the only criteria for accepting a job—that has become much clearer to me in the past few months, having witnessed the birth of a powerful movement intended to end injustice, inequality and, above all, silence,’ he wrote. (在Instagram上的一篇长文中，查拉梅表示，过去一年改变了他‘看待和感受许多事情的方式’。他写道：‘我了解到，一个好的角色并不是接受一份工作的唯一标准——在过去的几个月里，当我目睹了一场旨在结束不公正、不平等，最重要的是结束沉默的强大运动的诞生时，这一点对我来说变得更加清晰了’)”可知，主要讲述了提莫西·查拉梅的演艺之路，表达了他对过去一年中经历的反思和对艺术成长的看法。由此可知，文章主要讲述了提莫西·查拉梅不断发展的演艺生涯以及他对艺术成长的反思。故选A。 3 At 18, British writer Lara Prior-Palmer chose an extraordinary path: the Mongol Deroy, an extremely challenging 1,000-kilometer horse race across Mongolia’s wilderness. In her first book, Rough Magic, Prior-Palmer describes her ride in all its pain, boredom, and ultimate success. “Somehow,” she writes at the beginning, “against all the odds, I won a race labeled the longest and toughest in the world and became the youngest person, and first female, ever to have done so.” Yet her story avoids overused phrases of self-praise, balancing vivid landscapes with honest words about painful saddle (马鞍) wounds and bad-smelling outdoor toilets, making it an unusual pleasure to read. For much of the book, she and her horses — 25 in all, a new horse every 40 km — drag slowly with great effort across a landscape that resists Prior-Palmer’s sight. She’s especially gifted with metaphor (隐喻) — when it rains, “there appears a smooth path behind us, as though the earth is water and we have been fish, until now,” and the clouds are “piled high as if lining up for a funeral”. For every gorgeous metaphor, there’s a pair of wet riding trousers or a toilet that’s only “a smelly hole in the ground with wet boards above to stop you from slipping into it.” By the end of Rough Magic, Prior-Palmer is amazed by the land around her. “Living in desertion,” she writes, “the land knows what I don’t: no one can carve a story into earth or sky. The wind sweeps the clouds away, the stage clears for another day.” She keeps competing, while trying to persuade herself to be more patient, and humbler. Her final hope is not to win the race — though she wants that, too — but to let the race make her free. Rough Magic seems to stand as proof that she succeeded. And as I read it from the skyless comfort of my couch, I briefly felt a bit freer, too. 1．How did Prior-Palmer feel about her performance in Mongol Derby? A．Unsatisfied. B．Pitiful. C．Expected. D．Proud. 2．What is the language style of Rough Magic? A．Plain. B．Humorous. C．Descriptive. D．Logical. 3．Why does the land impress Prior-Palmer? A．It blocks heavy winds. B．It mirrors human evolution. C．It varies with time and weather. D．It is inclusive and ever-changing. 4．What is Rough Magic about? A．A bittersweet journey. B．A well-grounded theory. C．An inspiring fairy tale. D．An impressive landscape. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文是记叙文。介绍了英国作家Lara Prior-Palmer在18岁时参加极具挑战性的Mongol Derby的经历以及她的首次著作《Rough Magic》。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段““Somehow,” she writes at the beginning, “against all the odds, I won a race labeled the longest and toughest in the world and became the youngest person, and first female, ever to have done so.” (“不知怎么的，”她在开头写道，“克服了所有的困难，我赢得了这场被称为世界上最长、最艰难的比赛，成为有史以来最年轻的人，也是第一位做到这一点的女性。”)”可知，Prior-Palmer成为有史以来最年轻的人，也是第一位做到这一点的女性，所以应是感到骄傲。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Yet her story avoids overused phrases of self-praise, balancing vivid landscapes with honest words about painful saddle (马鞍) wounds and bad-smelling outdoor toilets, making it an unusual pleasure to read.(然而，她的故事避免了过度的自我赞美，在生动的风景和对痛苦的马蹄伤和难闻的户外厕所的诚实描述之间取得了平衡，使其成为一种不同寻常的阅读乐趣)”可知，《Rough Magic》的语言风格是描述性的。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“By the end of Rough Magic, Prior-Palmer is amazed by the land around her. “Living in desertion,” she writes, “the land knows what I don’t: no one can carve a story into earth or sky. The wind sweeps the clouds away, the stage clears for another day.”(在《Rough Magic》的尾声，Prior-Palmer被周遭的天地所震撼。“栖居在这片荒芜中，”她写道，“大地知晓我所不知的真理：无人能在山川苍穹刻下永恒的故事。风会抹平云迹，舞台每日重置。”)”可知，这片土地是包容和不断变化的让Prior-Palmer印象深刻。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“In her first book, Rough Magic, Prior-Palmer describes her ride in all its pain, boredom, and ultimate success.(在她的第一本书《Rough Magic》中，Prior-Palmer描述了她经历的所有痛苦、无聊和最终的成功)”可知，Rough Magic是关于一次苦乐参半的旅程。故选A项。 4 Doctor Dolittle, the well-known, fictional naturalist who famously possesses the ability to converse with animals and understand their languages has now inspired a high-paying science prize aimed at cracking the challenge of interspecies communication. A grand prize of $500,000, awaits whichever research team can make real progress: not just decoding the language of another species but using it to draw a reply from an animal. Last week, an initial $100,000 went to a US team studying dolphin whistles — after decades of recording bottlenose dolphins in Florida, they identified around 20 distinct messaging whistles. The Coller Dolittle Challenge financed by Jeremy Coller, a vegan and animal lover, is unashamedly modelled on the Turing test (图灵测试). That 20th-century test promotes efforts to design a machine capable of imitating human conversation, and became a touchstone in the evolution of AI. It also became a focus for concerns about machines tricking, even taking over, humans. The ability to commune with other species is likely to raise similar, unsettling questions as research progresses. If we were able to decode animal chatter, should this knowledge change how we treat them, whether as pets, labour or food? The prize presents a moral challenge and it forces us to reconsider our relationships with other species. Philosopher Jonathan Birch, also a judge of the Jeremy Coller Centre, stressed that the Challenge is looking beyond the interspecies communication we have with pets, or that a farmer has with a sheepdog. Those relationships involve signalling and behavioural responses, Birch explains, “but that’s not telling us how animals communicate with each other... this prize is about understanding it so well that we can start to join the conversation.” While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopod’s (头足类动物) intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures. We might one day be able to understand what animals are saying — but there is no guarantee we will listen. 1．Why is Turing test mentioned in the passage? A．To stress its role and value in AI progress. B．To show its difference from the Challenge. C．To warn of concerns the Challenge may face. D．To show its use in interspecies communication. 2．Which research would Birch approve of to win the prize? A．People communicating with their pets. B．People directing sheepdogs during work. C．Researchers recording how cattle communicate. D．Researchers interacting with birds using whistles. 3．What does the “move the dial” mean in the last paragraph? A．Make a change. B．Win the prize. C．Slow the process. D．Continue the research. 4．What’s the author’s attitude toward the practical effect of the research? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Dismissive. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍以杜立德医生为灵感设立的科勒·杜立德挑战奖，旨在推动跨物种交流研究，同时探讨该研究面临的道德问题与实际效果争议。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The Coller Dolittle Challenge financed by Jeremy Coller, a vegan and animal lover, is unashamedly modelled on the Turing test (图灵测试). That 20th-century test promotes efforts to design a machine capable of imitating human conversation, and became a touchstone in the evolution of AI. It also became a focus for concerns about machines tricking, even taking over, humans. The ability to commune with other species is likely to raise similar, unsettling questions as research progresses. (由素食主义者兼动物爱好者杰里米·科勒资助的“科勒·杜立德挑战奖”，毫不避讳地以图灵测试为蓝本。这项诞生于20世纪的测试，推动了人们研发能够模仿人类对话的机器，成为人工智能发展史上的一块试金石。它同时也引发了人们的担忧——担心机器会欺骗甚至掌控人类。而随着研究的推进，与其他物种进行交流的能力，也可能引发类似的、令人不安的问题)”可知，提及图灵测试是为了指出该挑战奖可能面临与图灵测试类似的担忧。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Philosopher Jonathan Birch, also a judge of the Jeremy Coller Centre, stressed that the Challenge is looking beyond the interspecies communication we have with pets, or that a farmer has with a sheepdog. Those relationships involve signalling and behavioural responses, Birch explains, “but that’s not telling us how animals communicate with each other... this prize is about understanding it so well that we can start to join the conversation.”(哲学家乔纳森·伯奇同时也是杰里米·科勒中心的评委，他强调，该挑战关注的跨物种交流，远不止我们与宠物之间、或是农民与牧羊犬之间的那种交流。伯奇解释道：“那些关系涉及信号传递和行为反应，但这并不能让我们了解动物之间是如何交流的……这个奖项的目的，是要充分理解动物间的交流方式，从而让我们能够参与到这种交流之中。”)”可知，伯奇认可的获奖研究应是能让人类参与到动物交流中的研究，“研究人员用口哨与鸟类互动”符合“参与交流”的特点。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopod’s intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures.(虽然科勒希望他的慈善项目能改变我们对动物的态度，但事实是，即使是突破性的研究，在很大程度上也未能move the dial动物的福利状况。最近关于头足类动物智力的研究，也未能阻止养殖这类动物的计划)”可知，“头足类动物智力研究未能阻止其养殖计划”是对“未能move the dial on their welfare”的举例说明，由此可推测“move the dial”意为“产生改变、带来影响”。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopod’s (头足类动物) intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures. We might one day be able to understand what animals are saying — but there is no guarantee we will listen. (虽然科勒希望他的慈善项目能改变我们对动物的态度，但事实是，即便具有突破性的研究，在很大程度上也未能改变动物的福利状况。最近关于头足类动物智力的研究，并未阻止人们养殖这类动物的计划。也许有一天我们能理解动物在说什么——但无法保证我们会听从它们的声音)”可知，作者指出研究在改善动物福利方面效果有限，对研究的实际效果持怀疑态度。故选B项。 5 The Himalayan wolf and snow leopard are top predators (捕食者) in alpine ecosystems. Across the diverse landscapes of the Asian highlands, herding (放牧) communities exhibit varying attitudes toward snow leopards and wolves. Although snow leopards cause greater livestock loss, these communities generally show greater tolerance and acceptance toward snow leopards. This illustrates the predator paradox, where the more damaging predator is contradictorily more tolerated. Attitude toward snow leopards and wolves in the Himalayas are shaped by factors like religion and culture. Snow leopards hold significant cultural and spiritual value, especially in Buddhism. Local folk tales boost snow leopards’ awe, portraying them as holy beings linked to spiritual beliefs of the communities. In contrast to the awe for snow leopards, wolves are widely disliked and feared. This negative view stems from folklore, where wolves are portrayed as sly (狡猾的) and merciless predators. These tales shape public view, fostering hostility (敌意) and fear toward wolves. Conservation efforts in the Himalayas primarily concentrate on snow leopards, often overlooking other sympatric carnivores (食肉动物), like wolves. Consequently, programs for population monitoring, habitat preservation, and livestock insurance mainly benefit snow leopards, leaving wolves with minimal attention or resources. Additionally, key policy documents prioritize snow leopard conservation efforts, neglecting the ecological significance of wolves. This mistake slows down carnivore protection and makes local communities feel bitter toward wolves. Interestingly, this difference exists despite both snow leopard and Himalayan wolf being globally classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Both snow leopards and wolves are crucial to the Himalayan ecosystem, but conservation has overwhelmingly favored snow leopards. This imbalance in attention and resources worsens the challenges faced by wolves, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to conserve both species effectively. 1．What phenomenon does the “predator paradox” describe in paragraph 1? A．Top predators always cause livestock loss. B．More harmful predators are more accepted locally. C．Locals tolerate different top predators equally. D．Conservation focuses on more tolerated predators. 2．How do Himalayan herding communities view wolves? A．As sacred Buddhist beings. B．As tricky, fearsome hunters. C．Less threatening than snow leopards. D．As necessary contributors to the ecosystem. 3．What effect may the overlook of wolf conservation have? A．It puts snow leopards in danger. B．It worsens locals’ bitterness of wolves. C．It improves the alpine ecosystem balance. D．It slows the protection of carnivores overall. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why Protect Snow Leopards More? B．Who’s More Tolerated? C．How to Save Wolves? D．Where’s the Balance? 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出喜马拉雅地区的放牧社区对雪豹和狼存在态度差异，雪豹更受包容，而狼常被忽视，文章强调需平衡保护两者，以维护当地生态系统的稳定。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Although snow leopards cause greater livestock loss, these communities generally show greater tolerance and acceptance toward snow leopards. This illustrates the predator paradox, where the more damaging predator is contradictorily more tolerated.(尽管雪豹造成了更大的牲畜损失，但这些社区对雪豹却普遍表现出更大的容忍和接纳态度。这体现了“捕食者悖论”，即更具破坏性的捕食者反而更易得到容忍。)”可知，“捕食者悖论”描述的是尽管雪豹对牲畜造成的损失更大，但这些社区对雪豹却表现出更大的容忍和接受度，即更有害的捕食者在当地却更受欢迎，故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“In contrast to the awe for snow leopards, wolves are widely disliked and feared. This negative view stems from folklore, where wolves are portrayed as sly (狡猾的) and merciless predators.(与人们对雪豹的敬畏之情形成鲜明对比的是，狼普遍遭到厌恶和惧怕。这种负面看法源于民间传说，在这些故事中，狼被描绘成狡猾且无情的捕食者。)”可知，喜马拉雅的放牧社区将狼视为狡猾、可怕的猎手，故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Additionally, key policy documents prioritize snow leopard conservation efforts, neglecting the ecological significance of wolves. This mistake slows down carnivore protection and makes local communities feel bitter toward wolves.(此外，关键的政策文件将雪豹保护工作置于优先地位，却忽视了狼的生态重要性。这一失误减缓了食肉动物的保护进程，并引发了当地社区对狼的怨恨。)”可知，忽视狼的保护会减缓食肉动物的整体保护进程，故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Both snow leopards and wolves are crucial to the Himalayan ecosystem, but conservation has overwhelmingly favored snow leopards. This imbalance in attention and resources worsens the challenges faced by wolves, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to conserve both species effectively.(雪豹和狼对喜马拉雅生态系统而言都至关重要，但保护工作却绝大多数都倾向于雪豹。这种关注和资源分配上的不平衡加剧了狼所面临的挑战，凸显出需要采取平衡的方法来有效保护这两个物种。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了雪豹和狼在喜马拉雅生态系统中的重要性，以及保护工作中存在的失衡问题，强调需要采取平衡的方法来有效保护这两个物种，因此D项“Where’s the Balance?(平衡在哪里？)”适合作为文章的标题。故选D。 6 What is subjectively experienced as deliberate choice emerges, beyond doubt, from neural machinery operating unseen. That we feel ourselves to be choosing freely stands in stark contrast to what brain science reveals: actions supposedly decided by us are, in reality, predetermined by self-governing neural sequences. Predictable patterns in firing neurons — detected by scanners up to 10 seconds before conscious awareness of any decision arises — demonstrate this. Not only simple reflexes (膝跳反应) but also those complex judgments we believe to be carefully constructed share, as rigorous studies confirm, identical automatic characteristics, differing merely in their neural architecture. Initiation of this process occurs where emotions originate: within the amygdala, dual almond-shaped formations (杏仁状核) buried in the brain's depths. Sensory data streaming in are, with lightning speed, assigned emotional significance by this structure. Signals radiating outward then generate primal impulses — to flee, combat, immobilize, or grasp — dictated by the amygdala’s appraisal of stimuli encountered. Prior to action taking place, however, modification of these signals by conscious thought systems ordinarily occurs. Regions dedicated to recognition perform object identification; those handling memory retrieve analogous past events; zones governing logic, evaluation, and foresight jointly formulate potential responses. Selection and implementation of the optimal strategy follow, assuming unimpaired functioning — breakdowns in which result either in hesitation or erroneous behavior. Distinctive to each decision phase are specific brain wave patterns. Gamma waves (25-100 cycles/second), by which heightened consciousness of multiple relevant factors is produced, dominate initial stages. During sandwich selection, for instance, gamma activity within gustatory areas simultaneously activates and contrasts remembered tastes of ham, chickpea paste, whole-grain bread, fermented dough, etc. Paradoxically, though comprehensive option awareness appears beneficial, decisional efficiency is inversely affected by information overload, causing unconscious dismissal of peripheral elements. Thereafter observed is a critical transition: beta waves (12-30 cycles/second) become predominant, suppressing most gamma activity. Left isolated is but one gamma cluster, signifying the neural commitment made. While no external controller directs these mechanisms, improvement in decision quality can be achieved through environmental manipulation. Engagement in mentally or physically stimulating activities immediately beforehand facilitates gamma wave generation, thereby enhancing conscious representation of competing alternatives. Excessive excitement, conversely, obstructs the essential shift to beta dominance, rendering singular option isolation profoundly difficult. 1．Why does the writer mention “knee-jerk reactions” in the first paragraph? A．To introduce the finding of the latest brain imaging studies. B．To illustrate that decisions are not consciously thought out. C．To call attention to a kind of neural reaction that is not very complex. D．To show the difference between decision-making and other brain activity. 2．What does the amygdala do according to the passage? A．It works out conscious thoughts and emotions. B．It selects the best action plan for a given situation. C．It dismisses factors that are irrelevant to the decision to be made. D．It processes sensory information and generates emotional responses. 3．What can be concluded from paragraphs 4 and 5? A．Slow-wave activity usually lasts longer than fast-wave activity. B．The brain prioritizes information before settling on a final choice. C．Decision-making is difficult when slow-wave activity occurs first. D．The brain needs as much information as possible to make a decision. 4．How does engaging in stimulating activities help the decision-making process? A．By preparing the brain to single out the most reasonable choice. B．By helping the brain switch to slow-wave activity more quickly. C．By getting the brain to focus on those most relevant alternatives. D．By making the brain more aware of the factors and choices involved. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍大脑决策机制，揭示看似自主的选择源于神经活动，以及不同阶段的脑波模式和环境对决策的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Not only simple reflexes (膝跳反应) but also those complex judgments we believe to be carefully constructed share, as rigorous studies confirm, identical automatic characteristics, differing merely in their neural architecture.(严谨的研究证实，不仅简单的反射（膝跳反应），而且那些我们认为是精心构建的复杂判断，都具有相同的自动特征，只是神经结构不同。)”可知，作者提及膝跳反应是为了说明无论是简单反射还是复杂判断，都是自动进行的，并非有意识思考的结果。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sensory data streaming in are, with lightning speed, assigned emotional significance by this structure. Signals radiating outward then generate primal impulses — to flee, combat, immobilize, or grasp — dictated by the amygdala’s appraisal of stimuli encountered.(流入的感官数据被这个结构以闪电般的速度赋予情感意义。然后，向外辐射的信号会产生原始冲动——逃跑、战斗、静止或抓住——这是由杏仁核对所遇到的刺激的评估决定的。)”可知，杏仁核处理感官信息并产生情感反应。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Gamma waves (25-100 cycles/second), by which heightened consciousness of multiple relevant factors is produced, dominate initial stages. During sandwich selection, for instance, gamma activity within gustatory areas simultaneously activates and contrasts remembered tastes of ham, chickpea paste, whole-grain bread, fermented dough, etc. Paradoxically, though comprehensive option awareness appears beneficial, decisional efficiency is inversely affected by information overload, causing unconscious dismissal of peripheral elements.(伽马波（25-100次/秒）在初始阶段占主导地位，它能提高对多种相关因素的意识。例如，在选择三明治时，味觉区域的伽马活动会同时激活并对比记忆中火腿、鹰嘴豆泥、全麦面包、发酵面团等的味道。矛盾的是，尽管全面的选项意识看似有益，但信息过载会反过来影响决策效率，导致无意识地忽略边缘因素。)”以及第五段中的“Thereafter observed is a critical transition: beta waves (12-30 cycles/second) become predominant, suppressing most gamma activity. Left isolated is but one gamma cluster, signifying the neural commitment made.(此后观察到一个关键的转变：贝塔波（12-30次/秒）成为主导，抑制了大部分伽马活动。只剩下一个孤立的伽马波群，这标志着神经做出了承诺。)”可知，大脑在决策初始阶段通过伽马波处理多种相关信息并排除边缘因素，之后通过贝塔波聚焦于最终选择，即大脑会在确定最终选择前优先处理重要信息。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Engagement in mentally or physically stimulating activities immediately beforehand facilitates gamma wave generation, thereby enhancing conscious representation of competing alternatives.(事先参与脑力或体力刺激活动有助于伽马波的产生，从而增强对竞争选项的有意识呈现。)”可知，参与刺激活动能帮助大脑更清楚地意识到相关因素和选择。故选D项。 7 Years ago I spoke with a 16-year-old girl who was considering the idea of having a computer companion in the future, and she described the upside to me. It’s not that the robot she had imagined was so inspiring. It’s that she had already found people to be so disappointing. And now, for the first time, she explained to me, people have options. Back then I thought her comments seemed prescient (预见未来的) . Now I find them timely. This girl had grown up in a time when conversational machines were presented as empathy devices that could understand her. And so it seemed natural to her that other machines would expand the range of conversation. But there is something she may have been too young to understand or, like a lot of us, tend to forget when we talk to machines. These robots can perform empathy in a conversation about your friend, your mother, or your child, but they have no experience of any of these relationships. Their conversations about life occupy the realm of the as-if. In our manufacturing and marketing of these machines, we encourage children to develop an emotional tie that is sure to lead to an empathetic dead end. On top of this, it has become fashionable for psychologists to critique empathy, a unique form of human connection, just at a time when we are starting relationships with objects with none to give. The coincidence is too convenient: children will lose the ability to have empathy if they relate too consistently with objects that cannot form empathetic ties. Technology challenges us to look at our human values. We can try to use technology to cure Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, which would be a blessing, but that blessing is not a reason to move from artificial brain enhancement to artificial intimacy (亲密). And yet that is the kind of talk that one hears these days. The narrative begins with the idea that compassionate robots would be “better than nothing”, better because there aren’t enough people to teach, love, and tend to people. But that idea quickly shifts into another: robots would be better than almost anything. Unlike people, they would not abandon you or get sick and die. They might not be capable of love, but they won’t break your heart. From better than nothing to better than anything. These are stations on our voyage to forgetting what it means to be human. But the forgetting begins long before we have a robot companion in place; it begins when we even think of putting one in place. To build the robots, we must first rebuild ourselves as people ready to be their companions. Being human today is about the struggle to remain genuinely empathetic. Ourselves-to remember why it matters, to remember what we cherish. These says, to be human is to keep one’s mind on the glory that one is. 1．The author mentions the 16-year-old girl mainly to . A．draw a comparison B．provide an example C．evaluate a comment D．introduce a topic 2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A．Technology unexpectedly advances empathy studies. B．Psychologists accidentally ignore the needs of children. C．The criticism of empathy is scientifically valid but poorly timed. D．The tech industries may benefit from the timing of psychological cycles? 3．Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A．Technological progress clarifies human values through challenges. B．Artificial intimacy reflects technological progress yet threatens empathy. C．Technology’s medical benefits justify its application in emotional domains. D．Future technologies like AI companions require stricter moral regulations. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Empathy at Risk: Psychology’s New Frontier B．Why Humans Prefer Robots: An Analysis of Social Failure C．Faking Intimacy: When Machines Decrease Our Humanity D．The Rise of Robot Companions: A Technological Revolution 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们与机器人建立关系时，机器人表现出的看似亲密但实际是虚假的共情，这种虚假的亲密关系会让人们逐渐忘记作为人类的意义，减少人性。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Years ago I spoke with a 16-year-old girl who was considering the idea of having a computer companion in the future, and she described the upside to me. It’s not that the robot she had imagined was so inspiring. It’s that she had already found people to be so disappointing. And now, for the first time, she explained to me, people have options. Back then I thought her comments seemed prescient (预见未来的). Now I find them timely. (几年前，我和一个16岁的女孩聊天，她正在考虑将来有一个电脑伴侣的想法，她向我描述了它的好处。这并不是说她想象中的机器人有多么鼓舞人心。而是她已经发现人们是如此令人失望。现在，她向我解释说，人们第一次有了选择。当时我觉得她的评论似乎很有先见之明。现在我发现它们是及时的)”可知，作者在文章开头提到这个16岁的女孩，描述她成长在对话机器被视为能理解她的共情设备的时代，以及她对机器扩展对话范围的自然看法，从而引出全文的核心议题 —— 人类与人工智能伴侣的关系，以及这种关系对人性（尤其是同理心）的潜在影响所。以作者提到这个女孩主要是为了引出话题。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“In our manufacturing and marketing of these machines, we encourage children to develop an emotional tie that is sure to lead to an empathetic dead end. On top of this, it has become fashionable for psychologists to critique empathy, a unique form of human connection, just at a time when we are starting relationships with objects with none to give. The coincidence is too convenient: children will lose the ability to have empathy if they relate too consistently with objects that cannot form empathetic ties.( 在我们制造和销售这些机器的过程中，我们鼓励孩子们建立一种情感联系，这种联系肯定会导致同理心的死胡同。最重要的是，心理学家批评同理心已经成为一种时尚。这是一种独特的人际关系形式，就在我们开始与无物交往的时候。这种巧合太方便了：如果孩子们与不能形成同理心联系的物体过于一致，他们就会失去同理心的能力)”可知，第三段指出，在人们开始与无共情能力的机器建立关系时，心理学家恰好开始批评人类独特的共情能力。这种“巧合” 使得人们更容易接受机器，间接利于科技行业推广相关产品，因此“科技行业可能从心理周期的时机中获益”。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Technology challenges us to look at our human values. We can try to use technology to cure Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, which would be a blessing, but that blessing is not a reason to move from artificial brain enhancement to artificial intimacy(亲密).( 科技促使我们审视人类的价值。我们可以尝试用技术来治疗帕金森氏症或阿尔茨海默氏症，这将是一种祝福，但这种祝福并不是从人工增强大脑转向人工亲密的理由)”以及第六段中“ From better than nothing to better than anything. These are stations on our voyage to forgetting what it means to be human. But the forgetting begins long before we have a robot companion in place; it begins when we even think of putting one in place( 从聊胜于无到无与伦比。这些都是我们在逐渐遗忘“人之为人的意义”这趟旅程中的站点。但这种遗忘早在我们拥有机器人伴侣之前就已开始；它始于我们甚至萌生“要拥有一个机器人伴侣”这个念头的那一刻)”可知，文章提到我们可以利用技术治疗帕金森或老年痴呆症，这是好事；但会让人们逐渐忘记共情，因此人工亲密反映了技术进步但威胁到了共情（empathy）。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了人们与机器人建立关系时，机器人表现出的看似亲密但实际是虚假的共情，这种虚假的亲密关系会让人们逐渐忘记作为人类的意义，减少人性。所以C选项“假装亲密：当机器减少我们的人性时”是最佳标题。故选C项。 8 Some famous novels show that being the side character can give us access to deeper truths and a richer appreciation of the human condition than those too busy propelling the story forward. Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle “He possesses two out of the three qualities necessary for the ideal detective. He has the power of observation and that of deduction. He is only wanting in knowledge.” There is little doubt that Sherlock Holmes is the most famous detective in literature. Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories now exist in over 70 languages, and Holmes is the most portrayed literary character in film and television history. As a detective, Holmes often takes the lead in solving mysteries, but the story is told from the perspective of Dr. John H. Watson, Holmes’s loyal friend and companion. There are many advantages to this. First, Holmes is odd and tends to focus on minor details. Telling a short story from his perspective would make it anything but short. Dr. Watson translates Holmes’s oddity into something less tiring for the reader. On a literary level, having the story told by the companion helps keep the reader in suspense. If we had access to everything Holmes knew, the game would be over before it was happening. By seeing the Victorian world through Watson’s eyes, not only are we provided a picture that non-detectives can comprehend, but we get to enjoy Sherlock’s exciting adventures, free of spoiler (剧透). The Great Gatsby by E. Scot Fitzgerald “Yet high over the city, our line of yellow windows must have contributed their share of human secrecy to the casual watcher in the darkening streets, and I was him too, looking up and wondering. I was within and without, simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible variety of life.” F. Scott Fitzgerald’s best-known work is a meditation on class in the supposedly egalitarian (平等主义) United States, the excesses of the 1920s, and how horrible it can be when the American Dream comes true. The story is told from the perspective of Nick Carraway, a young man who has moved to Long Island in hopes of becoming a stockbroker and cashing in on the 1920s boom. As the title suggests, the real hero of the story is his mysterious neighbor, Jay Gatsby. The difficulty of the story centers on Gatsby’s attempts to pursue Nick’s married cousin Daisy, his dreams of reliving the past, and his efforts to climb into the upper-class of American society. Nick, who is an unreliable narrator, is present for many of the main events in the story. However, as hinted at in the above quote, he considers himself an observer rather than a driver of those events. This allows us to get an outside view of the situation from somebody who admits he doesn’t entirely fit into the world he’s participating in while still being an intimate companion of those who do. The resulting commentary on the life of the American upper crust (症结) has been debated for a century. 1．If written from the perspective of Sherlock Holmes instead of Dr. John Watson, the book Sherlock Holmes would be ________. A．short and to the point B．incomprehensible and long C．full of spoiler and suspense D．interesting but too professional 2．What can be inferred from The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald? A．Nick Carraway is not just as observer but a driver of the story events. B．The real mysterious hero behind the title of the novel is Nick Garraway. C．Readers will know more about the American upper class from Jay Gatsby’s perspective. D．The unreliable narrator prevents readers grasping the harms of pursuing the American Dream. 3．Quotes from Sherlock Holmes and The Great Gatsby given below the title respectively in order to ________. A．stick to the traditional pattern of a famous novel B．indicate the side character’s role as the narrator C．remind readers of the theme and plot of the novels D．explain the main character’s neglect of deep truths 4．What message does the author want to convey through the two books mentioned? A．Side characters in novels are usually dismissed as unimportant. B．Classical novels must have quotes that have enduring power among readers. C．Stories told from the most important character’s perspective are still the mainstream. D．Individual, or historical eras can be deeply explored from a unique sideline perspective. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了《福尔摩斯》和《了不起的盖茨比》通过配角视角，能深入探索人性或时代的道理。 1．细节理解题。根据Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle部分第四段“First, Holmes is odd and tends to focus on minor details. Telling a short story from his perspective would make it anything but short. Dr. Watson translates Holmes’s oddity into something less tiring for the reader. (首先，福尔摩斯很古怪，倾向于关注小细节。从他的角度讲一个短篇故事，那这个故事绝不会短。华生医生把福尔摩斯的古怪之处转化成让读者不那么疲惫的内容)”可知，如果从福尔摩斯而不是华生医生的角度来写《福尔摩斯探案集》，这本书会让人难以理解且篇幅很长。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据The Great Gatsby by E. Scot Fitzgerald部分第三段“Nick, who is an unreliable narrator, is present for many of the main events in the story. However, as hinted at in the above quote, he considers himself an observer rather than a driver of those events.(尼克是一个不可靠的叙述者，在故事中的许多主要事件中都出现了。然而，正如上面引用的暗示，他认为自己是一个观察者，而不是这些事件的驱动者)”以及最后一段“This allows us to get an outside view of the situation from somebody who admits he doesn’t entirely fit into the world he’s participating in while still being an intimate companion of those who do.(这使得我们能够从一个人那里获得对局势的外部视角 —— 这个人承认自己并不完全融入他所参与的世界，但同时仍是那些真正融入其中的人的亲密伙伴)”可知，Nick Garraway在故事中的很多主要事件中都出现了，他不仅仅是观察者，同时也是故事事件的驱动者。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle部分第三段“As a detective, Holmes often takes the lead in solving mysteries, but the story is told from the perspective of Dr. John H. Watson, Holmes’s loyal friend and companion. (作为一名侦探，福尔摩斯经常在解开谜团中起主导作用，但故事是从福尔摩斯忠诚的朋友和伙伴约翰·H·华生医生的角度讲述的)”以及The Great Gatsby by E. Scot Fitzgerald部分第二段“The story is told from the perspective of Nick Carraway (故事是从Nick Carraway的角度讲述的)”可知，引用《福尔摩斯探案集》和《了不起的盖茨比》中的话是为了表明次要角色作为叙述者的作用。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Some famous novels show that being the side character can give us access to deeper truths and a richer appreciation of the human condition than those too busy propelling the story forward. (一些著名小说表明，与那些忙于推动故事发展的人相比，作为次要角色能让我们接触到更深刻的真理，对人类状况有更丰富的理解)”以及后文对《福尔摩斯探案集》和《了不起的盖茨比》的分析可知，作者想通过这两本书传达的信息是，通过配角的旁观视角可深入探讨时代背景与人性本质。故选D项。 9 At a summit in Paris in February, 2025, tech bosses issued the grandest claims about artificial intelligence. Dario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic, said it would lead to the “largest change to the global labor market in human history”. Jensen Huang, CEO of NVidia, envisioned a future where workers “are all going to be CEOs of AI agents”. Such predictions draw on an established thought. As large language models gained popularity in the early 2020s, economists and bosses were hopeful that AI would help promote equality, benefiting lower-skilled workers most. Despite such optimism about AI as an equalizer in labor market, more recent findings have cast doubt on this vision. They instead suggest a future where high-flyers fly still higher, and the rest are left behind. Rather than narrowing gaps, AI is likely to widen workforce divides in the long term. For example, for air-traffic controllers, AI processes flight data while leaving decisions to humans, thus keeping salaries high. By contrast, self-check-out systems simplify cashiers’ (收银员) roles, automating tasks like calculating change, which lowers the skill requirements, causing wages to decline. Apart from its replacement of routine jobs, AI may extend its reach to creative work. At A&O Shearman, a law firm, AI can analyze contracts and suggest revisions within 30 seconds, handling much of the work once done by associate lawyers. In contrast, top performers have been best at using technology to make strategic decisions. Therefore, it is junior staff who are the most at risk. Labor markets have always been defined by the destruction of old roles and the creation of new ones. In the Industrial Revolution, engineers mastering machinery saw their wages skyrocket while laborers lost out. The Computer Age then rewarded software engineers and outdated typists. AI appears to follow a similar path, benefiting those with judgment and expertise to handle complex, information-rich environments. Today’s AI are just the beginning. As it grows more complicated, workplaces might be transformed, making every worker a CEO of sorts, as Jensen Huang has predicted. But there will be no equalizing: the most talented will still make the best CEOs. 1．What is the tech bosses’ attitude towards the future of AI? A．Doubtful. B．Ambitious. C．Pessimistic. D．Unconcerned. 2．What can we infer about the long-term impact of AI? A．AI will slow the global economic growth. B．AI will narrow the gap of wage inequality. C．AI will disadvantage lower-skilled workers. D．AI will enhance creative work opportunities. 3．Why does the author mention labor market changes in paragraph 5? A．To recommend stable jobs. B．To stress advanced technology. C．To picture an uncertain future. D．To illustrate an irresistible trend. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．What Defines the Future Labor Markets B．When AI Surpasses Human Intelligence C．How AI will Divide the Best from the Rest D．Where Humans Still Have an Edge over AI 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨AI对劳动力市场的分化效应，科技领袖虽乐观预测AI变革，但实际趋势显示高技能者将更受益，而低技能岗位面临薪资下降或替代风险，延续了历史上技术加剧不平等的趋势。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“At a summit in Paris in February, 2025, tech bosses issued the grandest claims about artificial intelligence. Dario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic, said it would lead to the “largest change to the global labor market in human history”. Jensen Huang, CEO of NVidia, envisioned a future where workers “are all going to be CEOs of AI agents”. (在2025年2月巴黎举行的一场峰会上，科技巨头们对人工智能做出了最宏大的预言。Anthropic公司首席执行官Dario Amodei宣称，AI将引发“人类历史上全球劳动力市场的最大变革”。英伟达首席执行官Jensen Huang则描绘了这样一幅未来图景：所有劳动者“都将成为AI智能体的首席执行官”)”可知，科技巨头们如Anthropic和英伟达的首席执行官对AI的未来充满宏大的设想。由此可知，他们的态度是雄心勃勃的。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“By contrast, self-check-out systems simplify cashiers’ (收银员) roles, automating tasks like calculating change, which lowers the skill requirements, causing wages to decline. (相比之下，自助结账系统简化了收银员的工作内容——系统可自动完成找零计算等操作，从而降低了岗位技能要求，最终导致薪资水平下降)”和第四段中“At A&O Shearman, a law firm, AI can analyze contracts and suggest revisions within 30 seconds, handling much of the work once done by associate lawyers. In contrast, top performers have been best at using technology to make strategic decisions. Therefore, it is junior staff who are the most at risk. (在A&O Shearman，人工智能能够在30秒内分析合同并提出修改建议，承担了大量原本由初级律师完成的工作。相比之下，顶尖从业者最擅长利用技术进行战略决策。正因如此，初级员工面临的职业风险最为严峻)”可知，由于AI的存在，收银员等低技能岗位薪资下降，初级律师等低经验岗位面临被替代的风险。由此可知，从长远来看，人工智能将使低技能工人处于不利地位。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“In the Industrial Revolution, engineers mastering machinery saw their wages skyrocket while laborers lost out. The Computer Age then rewarded software engineers and outdated typists. AI appears to follow a similar path, benefiting those with judgment and expertise to handle complex, information-rich environments. (工业革命时期，掌握机械技术的工程师薪酬暴涨，而体力劳动者则遭受冲击；计算机时代又让软件工程师获得回报，打字员等职业则被淘汰。人工智能似乎延续着相似的轨迹——那些具备复杂信息处理能力和专业判断力的人才将持续受益)”可知，该段回顾工业革命和计算机时代的技术变革，说明劳动力市场始终因技术革新而重塑。作者以此论证AI的影响是不可阻挡的趋势。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“Despite such optimism about AI as an equalizer in labor market, more recent findings have cast doubt on this vision. They instead suggest a future where high-flyers fly still higher, and the rest are left behind. (尽管人们对AI作为劳动力市场均衡器持乐观态度，但最新研究发现这一愿景值得怀疑。研究反而指出，未来可能出现强者愈强、弱者愈弱的局面)”可知，文章的核心观点是：AI不会均衡劳动力市场，而是加剧人才分化，使高技能者获益、低技能者受损。因此，C项“人工智能如何加剧精英与大众的鸿沟”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 10 Every time I told Joan what a great mother she was, she would respond with the story of a “bad-mother” day. She told me about waking up once in the middle of the night, foggy-brained, unable to remember if she had put her two-year-old to bed. She got up and was horrified to find the baby’s crib (摇篮) empty. Racing crazily through the house, she finally found Patty in the kitchen, sound asleep in her high chair. “At least I had fastened her in the seat,” Joan said. Nobody’s perfect, we knew, but mothers are somehow expected to exceed all human limits. This ideal is especially ridiculous since mothers are likely to have more bad days on the job than most professionals, considering the hours around the clock, seven days a week, fifty-two weeks a year, no sick days. Given the punishing rules and the disrespectful labels for any mom who breaks them, mothers are reluctant to admit having bad days. We all have them, of course, a secret that only makes us feel more guilty. But once my friends and I started telling the truth, we couldn’t stop. But however painful or compromising the reality of motherhood, we preferred it to the national game of “Let’s Pretend”, the fantasy in which we are all supposed to be perfect mothers in perfect families. Once I’d given birth to my sons, there were no guarantees. That first burst of love expanded over the next two decades, along with the growing realization that I could not possess them for long, keep them safe, or ensure their happy lives. Joy/ pain...joy/pain... the heartbeat of motherhood. 1．Why did Joan feel horrified after she got up? A．Joan had a nightmare about losing Patty. B．Joan didn’t find Patty in the baby’s crib. C．Patty was stuck in the high chair. D．Patty cried loudly in the kitchen. 2．How does the author view the social expectation of mothers being perfect? A．It is unfair and unrealistic. B．It is practical and necessary. C．It encourages better parenting. D．It denies the importance of motherhood. 3．What do we know about mothers from the text? A．They went through inner struggles. B．They ensured their children’s safety. C．They enjoyed every part of raising kids. D．They referred to motherhood as effortless. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Mothers’ Emotional Issues B．Mothers’ Social Contributions C．Family Structures and Parenting D．Perfect Mother Myths and Reality 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过琼的经历引出社会对母亲完美的期望，指出这既不公平也不现实，还讲述了母亲们的内心挣扎，揭示了完美母亲的神话与现实。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“She got up and was horrified to find the baby’s crib (摇篮) empty. (她起床后惊恐地发现婴儿床是空的。)”可知，琼起床后感到恐惧是因为她没在婴儿床里找到帕蒂。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Nobody’s perfect, we knew, but mothers are somehow expected to exceed all human limits. This ideal is especially ridiculous since mothers are likely to have more bad days on the job than most professionals (我们都知道人无完人，但不知为何，人们期望母亲们超越人类的所有极限。这种理想尤其荒谬，因为与大多数职业人士相比，母亲们在工作中可能会有更多糟糕的日子)”可知，作者认为社会对母亲完美的期望是荒谬的，不公平且不现实的。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Once I’d given birth to my sons, there were no guarantees. That first burst of love expanded over the next two decades, along with the growing realization that I could not possess them for long, keep them safe, or ensure their happy lives. Joy/pain...joy/pain... the heartbeat of motherhood. (自从儿子们降生那一刻起，生活就不再有任何保证。最初迸发的爱意随二十年岁月不断蔓延，与之俱增的却是清醒的认知：我无法长久占有他们，无法永远护其周全，更无力确保他们的人生幸福。欢欣/痛楚……欢欣/痛楚……这便是母职永恒的心跳。)”可知，母亲们一直经历着情绪的变化和反复，这是内心的挣扎。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段“Nobody’s perfect, we knew, but mothers are somehow expected to exceed all human limits. (我们都知道人无完人，但不知为何，人们期望母亲们超越人类的所有极限。)”和第三段“But however painful or compromising the reality of motherhood, we preferred it to the national game of “Let’s Pretend”, the fantasy in which we are all supposed to be perfect mothers in perfect families. (然而，无论母职的现实多么痛苦或令人妥协，我们仍宁愿选择它，而非举国沉迷的“家家酒”游戏——那种幻想中人人都该成为完美母亲、拥有完美家庭的戏码。)”可知，文章通过琼的经历引出社会对母亲完美的期望，指出这既不公平也不现实，主要围绕完美母亲的神话与现实展开。故D项“Perfect Mother Myths and Reality (完美母亲的神话与现实)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。 11 In the vast symphony of human expression, few disciplines engage the mind and stir the soul quite like music and physics. Surprisingly, these two areas are connected in ways that have been recognized for centuries. Even the great Albert Einstein, whose ideas reshaped our understanding of the universe, famously stated that had his path led him away from physics, he would have found joy in playing music. As a scientist and musician, I’ve been privileged to journey between both disciplines, discovering the profound connections beneath the surface. My journey began in the Bronx, where hip-hop culture and science came together in exciting ways. Years later, at Imperial College London, I was once again immersed in a space where creativity and inquiry integrated. I regularly stopped into the studio of the celebrated producer Brian Eno, where I witnessed first-hand his unique combination of artistic expression and scientific exploration. To bridge the gap between disciplines, I created The Jazz of Modern Physics course at Brown University in Rhode Island, introducing students to the wonders of modern physics through the principles of music and sound. The response was overwhelming, as students from diverse backgrounds embraced the opportunity to explore the intersection of art and science in new and unexpected ways. They learned about the harmonics of string theory (弦理论) and the rhythms of quantum mechanics (量子力学) expressed through mathematics and melody. My mission continued with the founding of the Sound+Science after-school program, aimed at students from underserved communities. In this program, students use electronic music equipment to explore the physics of sound waves and harmonics. They work alongside PhD students in music and physics, discovering the beauty of math and the excitement of audio experimentation. In the connection between music and physics, we see that we are not just observers of the universe but active participants in its ongoing symphony. Let us embrace this harmony, where science and music come together to unlock the mysteries of the universe and the depths of our souls. 1．Einstein’s statement is mentioned in paragraph 1 to highlight ______. A．his deep insights into music B．the challenges of career switching C．his influence in the field of science D．time-tested links between art and science 2．Why did the writer create The Jazz of Modern Physics course? A．To teach classical music theory. B．To combine music and physics. C．To introduce quantum mechanics. D．To explore diverse opportunities. 3．How does the writer mainly support his viewpoint? A．By referring to historical events. B．By presenting scientific definitions. C．By comparing experimental results. D．By sharing career-related experiences. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Music’s Role in Scientific Discovery B．A Journey through Music and Science C．Harmonizing Science and Music D．Exploring the Physics of Sound 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者作为科学家和音乐家，发现音乐与物理的联系，通过开设课程和创办项目等经历，倡导将科学与音乐融合去探索宇宙奥秘。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Surprisingly, these two areas are connected in ways that have been recognized for centuries. Even the great Albert Einstein, whose ideas reshaped our understanding of the universe, famously stated that had his path led him away from physics, he would have found joy in playing music.(令人惊讶的是，这两个领域的联系已经被认识了几个世纪。就连伟大的阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，他的思想重塑了我们对宇宙的理解，也有句名言说，如果他的人生道路不是选择了物理，他会在演奏音乐中找到乐趣)”可知，提到爱因斯坦的话是为了强调艺术(音乐)和科学(物理)之间久经考验的联系。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To bridge the gap between disciplines, I created The Jazz of Modern Physics course at Brown University in Rhode Island, introducing students to the wonders of modern physics through the principles of music and sound.(为了弥合不同学科之间的差距，我在罗德岛的布朗大学开设了‘现代物理的爵士乐’课程，通过音乐和声音的原理向学生介绍现代物理的奇妙之处)”可知，作者开设该课程是为了弥合不同学科之间的差距，将音乐和物理结合起来。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“As a scientist and musician, I’ve been privileged to journey between both disciplines, discovering the profound connections beneath the surface. My journey began in the Bronx, where hip hop culture and science came together in exciting ways. Years later, at Imperial College London, I was once again immersed in a space where creativity and inquiry integrated.(作为一名科学家和音乐家，我有幸在这两个学科之间探索，发现了表面之下的深刻联系。我的探索之旅始于布朗克斯，在那里嘻哈文化和科学以令人兴奋的方式融合在一起。多年后，在伦敦帝国理工学院，我再次沉浸在一个创造力和探究精神相融合的环境中)”以及后文提到的开设课程和创办项目等内容可知，作者主要通过分享与职业相关的经历来支持自己的观点。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段中“In the connection between music and physics, we see that we are not just observers of the universe but active participants in its ongoing symphony. Let us embrace this harmony, where science and music come together to unlock the mysteries of the universe and the depths of our souls.(在音乐和物理的联系中，我们看到我们不仅仅是宇宙的观察者，更是其持续乐章中的积极参与者。让我们拥抱这种和谐，在那里科学和音乐结合在一起，解开宇宙的奥秘和我们灵魂的深处)”可知，文章主要强调要让科学和音乐和谐融合。故C项“Harmonizing Science and Music(使科学与音乐和谐)”最适合做文章标题。故选C项。 12 Leonardo da Vinci did practically everything, and he did it all amazingly well. He was a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and musician. Born in the town of Vinci, Italy, he was given the last name da Vinci, which means “from Vinci”. Leonardo loved to draw. He apprenticed (师从) with a famous painter and sculptor in Florence. He would mix colors, clean brushes, and ready the walls or wood for painting. Young Leonardo was so talented that one day he painted a very realistic-looking angel. His teacher threw down his paintbrush in jealousy, declaring he would never paint again. Royalty, wealthy patrons, and even the Pope asked Leonardo to paint for them. He took on a lot of work, but he was easily distracted. He often didn’t finish what he promised. Leonardo had a never-ending thirst for knowledge. At night he would secretly cut apart dead bodies that he got from hospitals or prisons to learn humananatomy, which helped him learn how the body and its organs fit together and made his paintings look more realistic. Leonardo did not outline his people. His study of nature made him realize that people and animals don’t have outlines. He used a technique called sfumato, which comes from the Latin word that means “smoky.” With sfumato, one color is blended into another in a soft, hazy way. TheMona Lisais the most famous painting of Leonardo, and her smile is the most famous smile. Who was she? She was the wife of a wealthy man from Florence who hired Leonardo to paint her portrait. She had to sit completely still for many hours, day after day, Leonardo brought in clowns and musicians to entertain her. This painting is so famous that it was stolen right off the wall of the Louvre in 1911. After a lot of detective work, theMona Lisawas discovered in Italy two years later, and the art thief was arrested. 1．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．Leonardo was keen on nature B．Leonardo was no more than a painter C．Leonardo was named after his hometown D．Leonardo was completely a self-taught famous painter 2．The underlined word “anatomy” in paragraph 3 refers to ________. A．an artistic method for a realistic drawing B．a group of essential organs of the human body C．an attractive technique to draw the human bodies D．a scientific study of the structure of human bodies 3．The words ________ can best describe Leonardo da Vinci. A．gifted & considerate B．practical & cautious C．enthusiastic & optimistic D．successful & reliable 4．The passage is mainly about ________. A．the early life of Leonardo da Vinci B．a famous painting of Leonardo da Vinci C．a general introduction to Leonardo da Vinci D．a demonstration of the painting style of Leonardo da Vinci 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇人物简介，主要介绍了达·芬奇名字的由来、学习经历以及代表作。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Born in the town of Vinci, Italy, he was given the last name da Vinci, which means “from Vinci”.”可知，他出生在意大利的达·芬奇镇，他的名字是以家乡的名字命名的，故C项正确。 2．词义猜测题。画线词前说晚上达·芬奇会通过切开从医院或监狱里弄来的尸体来学习，再根据画线词后的“which helped him learn how the body and its organs fit together”可知，这帮助他了解身体和器官是如何结合在一起的，由此可知画线词指的是“解剖学”，也就是人体结构的科学研究，故D项正确。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Young Leonardo was so talented that one day he painted a very realistic-looking angel.”可知，达·芬奇很有天赋；根据第四段中的“She had to sit completely still for many hours, day after day, Leonardo brought in clowns and musicians to entertain her.”可知，创作《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》的时候，这幅画的原型不得不一动不动地坐上几个小时，日复一日，达·芬奇带来小丑和音乐家来逗她开心，可见他很体贴，由此可知，达·芬奇是有天赋和体贴的，故A项正确。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了达·芬奇名字的由来、学习经历以及代表作，由此可知，本文是达·芬奇的简介，故C项正确。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $