译林牛津版英语选修十 module 2 grammar 课件+学案 （2份打包）

M10 U2 Grammar and usage The elements of a paragraph Introduction and explanation: Introduction: Paragraphs are one of the major “building blocks” of good writing. They are used to organize information in an essay, a story or an article. When writing paragraphs, we usually include the following: 1. Topic: sentences: ● Each paragraph should have a point. This is usually expressed in a topic sentence, which clearly states what information the paragraph will give. Not all paragraphs have a topic sentence. This is sometimes the case when, for example, a paragraph is continuing a topic introduced in the previous paragraph, which contains a topic sentence. ● The topic sentence is usually the first sentence of a paragraph. However, in the first paragraph of an essay, a story or an article, the topic sentence may often an interesting fact, a question or a quotation. Older Americans are on the move. 2. Supporting sentences ● The topic sentence should be followed by sentences which help explain or prove it. For decades, Florida has been attracting older residents. In fact, according to the national population survey conducted in 2000, Florida was home to the largest population of people aged 65 and older. ● The sentences in a paragraph should be listed in an order that makes sense. We can use transitions to link each sentences to the previous or following ones. Transitions we can use include for example, for instance, furthermore, first, second, third, on the other hand, however and also. 3. Concluding sentence A paragraph should end with one sentence that respects the topic in a new way. We can also use the concluding sentence to express a final idea about the topic or to help introduce the topic of the next paragraph. Across the USA, people are noticing the same thing: young people want to live in cities. 4. A hook Read the second paragraph under the subtitle of “Bright lights, big city” and identify the topic sentence and supporting sentences in it. W