第二部分 题型三 完形填空-【成功方案】2025年高考英语艺术生文化课总复习教师用书(Word)

题型三　完形填空 一、题型特点 高考作为选拔性考试，必须具有较高的信度、效度和必要的区分度以及一定的难度。完形填空正好满足了这一要求，它集中了短文的任意设空和单项填空两种题型的优点，综合考查考生的英语基础知识和语言运用能力，包括词汇辨析能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力，因而是高考试题中要求最高、难度最大的一种题型。 高考完形填空试题一般具有以下特点： 1．文章短小，结构严谨，逻辑性强。每篇文章都有一个主题且首句不设空。 2．以考查对文章的理解和词汇意义为主，常识、语法和惯用搭配为辅。 3．将语言点、语法点放在语篇中进行考查。 4．四个选项一般都是相同或对等的词类。 5．所选文章一般都是具有一定故事情节的记叙文，近几年夹叙夹议的文章逐渐增多。其难度与高中教材大致相同。 二、命题趋势 分析近几年全国及各省市的高考试题，我们不难看出高考完形填空的体裁以记叙文为主且呈以下发展趋势： 1．首句完整，线索清晰 一般来说，完形填空首句中会包含人物身份和事件发生的时间、地点等重要信息，并且不设空。 2．叙述灵活，侧重语境 文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章都是作者在描述事件，较少加入自己的观点或评论。另外，记叙型完形填空中常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换或语气上的差异，这就增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的考查，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境来辨析词语并做出选择这一考查目的。 3．考查以实词为主，虚词为辅 记叙型完形填空篇幅不长，行文始终紧扣中心话题，形成一个主题连续体。考查重点集中在动词、名词、形容词和副词等实词上。 三、答题技巧 技巧1：利用逻辑关系语，定位相关选项 逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段，主要有：(1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词)，如and，but，or，because，though，however，yet，therefore，otherwise，despite等；(2)短语，如in other words，or rather，in addition，as a result，so that，on the contrary，instead of等；(3)分句和独立结构，如that is to say，what is more，all things considered等。逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。 [例]　The girl became increasingly worried about this，both when __46__ and in her dreams. 46．A.asleep　　　　 B．away C．around D．awake 技巧2：通晓上下文意，注意习惯搭配 词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。 [例]　A young man，wet from __42__ to toe，explained that he had __43__ out of petrol about 30 km up the road. 42．A.finger B．shoulder C．head D．hand 43．A.driven B．used C．come D．run 技巧3：明确文章语境，搞清词语差异 高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。 [例]　Bachor uses the __23__ art form of mosaic(马赛克)to create eye-catching，colorful images of famous artists like Aretha Franklin or simple everyday __24__ like food.He even makes less-appealing visuals of insects. 23．A.modern B．ancient C．brief D．mysterious 24．A.objects B．ideas C．routines D．projects 技巧4：探究前后逻辑，确定连接词汇 连接词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。命题人常在这些“关节”上设置题目，考查学生的语用能力。因此，考生在解题时，要仔细分析，推理前后的逻辑关系，确定最佳选项。 [例]　...“Would you mind telling me when you are thinking of leaving？__40__ are you going to sit in your car all day？” 40．A.For B．Or C．But D．So 技巧5：利用语法关联，推理最佳选项 虽然高考完形填空的考查越来越淡化语法，但一个语义连贯的语篇必须通过省略、指代、时间或地点关联等语法关系来实现。因此，命题人常利用这些关联“制造语境”，设置考点。考生解题时可利用这些语法关系对句子进行分析、判断并推理出最佳选项。 [例]　That day，he(Lang Lang)told his father __45__ he had been waiting to hear—that he wanted to study with a new teacher. 45．A.that B．what C．which D．when 技巧六：联系生活常识，再现相关情景 完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的论说文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生生活。考生在解题时，可以根据生活常识或结合常识充分地想像当时的情景，从而达到去“伪”存“真”的目的。 [例]　...As he often did，he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” run by the Italian police where things __44__ on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. 44．A.shown B．found C．kept D．hidden [例]　A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one(advertised)as lost in the local paper.The ad had a __51__ number for a town in southern Michigan.Ehlers __52__ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had(found)their dog. 51．A.house B．phone C．street D．car 52．A.called B．copied C．counted D．remembered 技巧七：突破句子的束缚，捕捉篇章信息 每篇完形填空都围绕一个主题展开，其结构严谨，上下文互为映衬，前后照应，所以解题时考生不要只局限在句子层面上，而要从段落或整篇文章入手，整体把握文章的内容，结合上下文，寻找答案的线索。 [例]　(首段)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa.They(bring)with them lots of waste.The 41.crowds might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing，changing the 42.face of Kilimanjaro.... (尾段)Does Kilimanjaro __60__ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true. 60．A.enjoy B．deserve C．save D．acquire [例]　(首段)...All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to access your PC. (尾段)...If the system __29__ to recognize your __30__，you can recall the Windows user name and password by using a hot-key combination. 29．A.begins B．tries C．fails D．stops 30．A.account B．name C．password D．face 技巧八：了解文化背景，排除错误选项 完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识。有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确解题。 [例]　...On the day of the audition (选拔试演)，she __34__ two of Portia's famous speeches for the auditors.When she had finished，the head of the Drama Club announced the __35__ was hers. 34．A.practiced B．planned C．performed D．delivered 35．A.part B．play C．speech D．position 答案　技巧一46.D　技巧二42.C　43.D　技巧三 23.B　24.A　 技巧四 40.B　技巧五45.B 技巧六44.B　51.B　52.A　技巧七 60.B　29.C 30．D　 技巧八34.C　35.A　 四、注意事项 1．尽可能多地积累和接触不同的新词汇以及由考纲词汇所派生出来的新词，有意识地记忆常考高频词。 2．熟悉各种文体的特点，提高语篇逻辑推理能力。务必熟悉三大文体的写作特点及这些文章的逻辑关系。尤其是记叙文，近三年全国卷几乎都是记叙文！ 3．训练题型不要过于单一，除了常规训练外，可以尝试选词填空和填空阅读等题型的训练。 4．选择性做题，可以分类选择。选择记叙文、议论文、 说明文等有代表性的做几篇，或选择做高考真题。 5．要有规律地做题，题不在多而在精。每做一篇都要善于对比自己的思路和文章作者的思路，每做一篇都要总结自己失分的原因，并在下次做题时提醒自己不要再犯。 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 一、(2025·全国Ⅰ卷) One August afternoon，I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn't seen daylight since my wedding. My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy __1__ the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up.We had decided on key items for the __2__ we were moving to in town，donated what we could，and rented a place to __3__ our supposedly important objects.That left a house still __4__ with things that，while not particularly __5__，didn't belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场). I took a picture of the vase and posted it online，for $10.A couple of messages came in，one wanting additional __6__，another asking for a price cut.As our __7__ day drew near，I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it.The __8__：“I hate this vase.Maybe you won't.” In an instant，a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase. __9__，I posted more.My daily posts and the __10__ I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house.Each exchange provided a chance to __11__ the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have __12__． I sit in my apartment today，loving each of the __13__ that share our small space.I take __14__ in knowing that，somewhere nearby，someone is __15__ something that couldn't come with us. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在搬家过程中通过免费赠送旧物获得快乐的故事。 1．A.painting over B．looking around C．emptying out D．pulling down C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和丈夫刚刚卖掉了我们的房子，我们正忙着清空我们一家人花了23年时间建造的心爱的房子。A.painting over 粉刷覆盖；B.looking around 环顾四周；C.emptying out 清空；D.pulling down 拆除。根据上文“ My husband and I had just sold our house”和下文“the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up”可推知，此处指作者卖掉了房子，忙着清空房子里的多年来堆积的东西。故选C。 2．A.hotel B．office C．cottage D．apartment D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A.hotel 酒店；B.office 办公室；C.cottage 小屋；D.apartment 公寓。根据文章最后一段“I sit in my apartment today”可推知，此处指作者一家人搬到了公寓。故选D。 3．A.store B．display C．sell D．repair A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A.store 储存；B.display 展示；C.sell 出售；D.repair 修理。根据上文“rented a place”以及下文“our supposedly important objects”可推知，此处指租地方是为了存放重要物品。故选A。 4．A.covered B．decorated C．stuffed D．equipped C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A.covered 覆盖的；B.decorated 装饰的；C.stuffed 塞满的；D.equipped 配备的。根据上文“rented a place to__3__our supposedly important objects”以及下文“with things”可推知，此处指房子里仍塞满物品。故选C。 5．A.conventional B．valuable C．complicated D．tolerable B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A.conventional 传统的；B.valuable 有价值的；C.complicated 复杂的；D.tolerable 可容忍的。根据上文“while not particularly”以及下文“didn't belong in a landfill”可推知，此处指虽不贵重但不应丢弃的物品。故选B。 6．A.fees B．photos C．receipts D．models B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：有几条信息进来了，一条想要更多的照片，另一条请求降价。A.fees 费用；B.photos 照片；C.receipts 收据；D.models 模型。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase”及“additional”可推知，此处指有人索要更多照片。故选B。 7．A.move B．pay C．market D．work A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着搬家日的临近，我确定了一个新的价格(0美元)并重新发布了它。A.move 搬家；B.pay 支付；C.market 市场；D.work 工作。根据前文搬家背景及下文“day drew near”可推知，此处指搬家日临近。故选A。 8．A.warning B．request C．description D．reply C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：描述：“我讨厌这个花瓶。也许你不会。”A.warning 警告；B.request 请求；C.description 描述；D.reply 回复。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online”以及下文“I hate this vase.Maybe you won't.”可推知，此处指是重新发布的对花瓶的描述。故选C。 9．A.Confused B．Interested C．Disappointed D．Encouraged D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到鼓励，我发布了更多。A.Confused 困惑的；B.Interested 感兴趣的；C.Disappointed 失望的；D.Encouraged 受鼓励的。根据上文“In an instant，a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.”以及作者后文持续发帖的行为，可推知，此处指作者受到鼓舞。故选D。 10．A.visits B．reports C．advice D．money A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天收到的帖子和来我家里的拜访，在我混乱的房子里变成了一束珍贵的光芒。A.visits 拜访；B.reports 报告；C.advice 建议；D.money 钱。根据上文“In an instant，a woman raced into my house”以及“My daily posts”和后文的互动，可推知，此处指去作者家里拜访。故选A。 11．A.remove B．spare C．find D．check B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A.remove 移除；B.spare 省得；免去；C.find 发现；D.check 检查。根据上文语境以及下文“the landfill”可推知，此处指作者用免费赠送旧物来代替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋，此处spare引申为“免去”表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东西。故选B。 12．A.investigated B．recognized C．encountered D．recommended C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A.investigated 调查；B.recognized 认出；C.encountered 遇见；D.recommended 推荐。根据上文“another person I might not otherwise”可推知，此处指免费赠送旧物让原本不会遇见的人感到高兴。故选C。 13．A.giveaways B．posts C．contributions D．belongings D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天我坐在我的公寓里，爱着我们小空间里的每一件所有物。A.giveaways 赠品；B.posts 帖子；C.contributions 贡献；D.belongings 所有物。结合语境，再根据上文“I sit in my apartment today”以及下文“share our small space”可推知，此处指现在拥有的物品。故选D。 14．A.joy B．part C．care D．time A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A.joy 快乐；B.part 部分；C.care 关心；D.time 时间。结合语境，再根据上文“loving each of the__13__that share our small space.”以及下文“in knowing that，somewhere nearby”可推知，此处指作者免费赠送旧物，也从中获得了快乐。故选A。 15．A.anticipating B．appreciating C．delivering D．withdrawing B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A.anticipating 期待；B.appreciating 欣赏；C.delivering 递送；D.withdrawing 撤回。根据上文“I take __14__ in knowing that，somewhere nearby”以及下文“something that couldn't come with us”可推知，此处指他人在欣赏这些作者带不走的，赠予的物品。故选B。 二、(2025·全国Ⅱ卷) Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma.She only started to __1__ seven years ago after having a __2__ call.She'd been struggling with eating disorders and health issues，which __3__ led her to getting surgery.After that experience，she knew that she needed to make a __4__．Determined to turn her life around，Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a __5__ lifestyle，before discovering a __6__ for weightlifting. Since setting out on the journey，the __7__ lover has not only managed to __8__ an impressive set of muscles—but also a huge following on social media. The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content explaining there's no __9__ others can't look this good.She said it was all down to some key aspects. “Hold on：Consider failure as a __10__ to success and never give up.Stick to your plan，” she said.“__11__ others：Lift others up on your journey.Success is sweeter when __12__．” She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise...the __13__ is to feel good，not look good.” Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out，but she has proved the __14__ wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an __15__ or many social media users. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位65岁的老奶奶坚持健身，积极健康改变自己的生活，消除网络质疑的故事。 1．A.write B．travel C．exercise D．recover C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：七年前，在接到一个警醒电话后，她才开始锻炼身体。A.write写作；B.travel旅行；C.exercise锻炼；D.recover康复。根据下文的“Determined to turn her life around，Ms Donohue began to work out...”可知，此处指老奶奶开始锻炼身体。故选C。 2．A.goodwill B．timeout C．long-distance D．wake-up D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：七年前，在接到一个警醒电话后，她才开始锻炼身体。A.goodwill善意，友好；B.timeout超时；C.long-distance长途；D.wake-up唤醒。结合语境，再根据后文“She'd been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”可推知，此处指这是一次“警醒”老奶奶的经历。故选D。 3．A.normally B．ultimately C．suddenly D．automatically B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：她一直在与饮食失调和健康问题作斗争，最终导致她接受了手术。A.normally通常；B.ultimately最终；C.suddenly突然；D.automatically自动地。根据上文“She'd been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”以及下文“led her to getting surgery”可推知，此处指健康问题最终导致手术。故选B。 4．A.change B．fortune C．wish D．deal A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那次经历之后，她知道她需要做出改变。A.change改变；B.fortune幸运；C.wish愿望；D.deal交易。根据上文“led her to getting surgery”及后文“turn her life around”可推知，此处指她经历过手术后领悟到了自己需要改变。故选A。 5．A.risky B．traditional C．comfortable D．healthy D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士决心改变生活，开始锻炼身体并遵循健康的生活方式，之后她发现了对举重的热爱。A.risky有风险的；B.traditional传统的；C.comfortable舒适的；D.healthy健康的。根据上文“Ms Donohue began to work out”可推知，此处指她选择健康的生活方式。故选D。 6．A.demand B．secret C．passion D．cure C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士决心改变生活，开始锻炼身体并遵循健康的生活方式，之后她发现了对举重的热爱。A.demand要求；B.secret秘密；C.passion激情，热情；D.cure疗法、药物。根据上文“Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a __5__ lifestyle”以及下文的“for weightlifting”可推知，此处指她积极锻炼身体，对举重产生了热情，a passion for sth.意为“对某事充满热情”。故选C。 7．A.peace B．fitness C．fun D．nature B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从踏上这段旅程以来，这位健身爱好者不仅产生了令人惊叹的肌肉，还在社交媒体上收获了庞大的粉丝群。A.peace和平；B.fitness健身；C.fun乐趣；D.nature自然。根据下文“workout content”可推知，此处指她是健身爱好者。故选B。 8．A.grow B．control C．activate D．relax A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从踏上这段旅程以来，这位健身爱好者不仅产生了令人惊叹的肌肉，还在社交媒体上收获了庞大的粉丝群。A.grow形成，产生；B.control控制；C.activate激活；D.relax放松。根据下文“an impressive set of muscles”可推知，此处指她练出肌肉，即产生肌肉。故选A。 9．A.need B．choice C．reason D．difference C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位受人喜爱的奶奶定期发布健身内容，并解释说其他人没理由不能看起来这么好。A.need需要；B.choice选择；C.reason理由；D.difference差异。根据上文“no”以及下文“others can't look this good”可推知，此处指她认为自己可以做到，没有理由别人不能做到。故选C。 10．A.green light B．road block C．passing mark D．stepping stone D　考查名词短语辨析。句意：坚持下去：把失败当作通往成功的垫脚石，永不放弃。A.green light绿灯；B.road block路障；C.passing mark通过标志；D.stepping stone踏脚石。结合语境，再根据上文“The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content，explaining there's no __9__ others can't look this good.”和“failure as a”以及下文“to success”可推知，此处指失败是成功的垫脚石。故选D。 11．A.Help B．Consult C．Follow D．Forgive A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：帮助他人：在你的旅程中激励他人。A.Help帮助；B.Consult咨询；C.Follow遵循；D.Forgive原谅。根据下文“Lift others up”可推知，此处指她提倡帮助他人。故选A。 12．A.accepted B．shared C．expected D．celebrated B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：分享成功更甜蜜。A.accepted接受；B.shared共享；C.expected期待；D.celebrated庆祝。根据上文“The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content，explaining there's no __9__ others can't look this good.”可知，这位受人喜爱 奶奶定期发布健身内容，并解释说其他人没理由不能看起来这么好，由此可知，此处指的是成功在分享时更甜蜜。故选B。 13．A.goal B．case C．duty D．cost A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：她此前曾解释道：“你无需拥有完美身材才能锻炼……锻炼的目标是让自己感觉良好，而非看起来好看。”A.goal目标；B.case案例；C.duty责任；D.cost成本。根据上文“you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise”以及下文“is to feel good，not look good.”可推知，此处指运动的目标是感觉良好。故选A。 14．A.instructors B．admirers C．beginners D．doubters D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士曾因年纪太大不适合锻炼而遭人嘲笑，但她以最好的方式证明了怀疑者的错误，确实成为了许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。A.instructors讲师；B.admirers管理员；C.beginners初学者；D.doubters持怀疑态度的人。根据上文“Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out，but she has proved the”以及下文“wrong in the best possible way”可推知，此处指Donohue女士用自己的方式证明怀疑者错了。故选D。 15．A.authority B．excuse C．inspiration D．option C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士曾因年纪太大不适合锻炼而遭人嘲笑，但她以最好的方式证明了怀疑者的错误，确实成为了许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。A.authority权威；B.excuse借口；C.inspiration灵感；D.option选项。根据语境以及下文“or many social media users”可知，一位65岁的老奶奶坚持健身，积极健康改变自己的生活，这对其他人来说就是励志的典范，由此可知，此处指她成为许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。故选C。 三、(2025·1月浙江首考) Manuela Ribeiro has a healthy addiction.It's __1__．A few months ago，the 30-year-old teacher decided it was time to put her __2__ to good use.She signed up on the website Bookalokal，and now welcomes __3__ into her Brussels flat twice a week for dinner parties. Ribeiro __4__ DC＝ 35 per person for what is usually a three-course meal that can last up to three hours.For Ribeiro，it has become a perfect platform for __5__ her hobby of buying food，__6__ new recipes and holding dinner parties. “It's a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to __7__ new people，” said Ribeiro.Sometimes she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes __8__ her native home；other times she __9__ dinner courses with her favorite beers. The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom，as __10__ to a restaurant where the service is __11__，the menu is known in advance，and the meal is expected to be no __12__． “But it's also a great __13__，for it can sometimes take days to __14__ a single event，” Ribeiro said.“This platform is not only __15__ for professional cooks，but also for those willing to discover new experiences.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Manuela Ribeiro将自己的烹饪爱好发展成副业，通过在Bookalokal网站上提供晚餐聚会服务，与陌生人分享美食并结交新朋友的故事。 1．A.reading B．traveling C．cooking D．teaching C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：Manuela Ribeiro有一种健康的癖好。那就是烹饪。A.reading阅读；B.traveling旅行；C.cooking烹饪；D.teaching教学。根据下文“She signed up on the website Bookalokal，and now welcomes __3__ into her Brussels flat twice a week for dinner parties”可知，她现在在Bookalokal网站上提供晚餐聚会服务，由此推知她的嗜好是烹饪。故选C。 2．A.hobby B．energy C．education D．money A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月前，这位30岁的老师决定是时候好好利用她的爱好了。A.hobby爱好；B.energy精力；C.education教育；D.money钱。根据上文“Manuela Ribeiro has a healthy addiction.It's __1__．”可知，她的爱好是烹饪，此处指好好利用她的烹饪爱好。故选A。 3．A.coworkers B．students C．relatives D．strangers D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在Bookalokal 网站上注册了，现在每周两次欢迎陌生人到她布鲁塞尔的公寓来参加晚宴。A.coworkers同事；B.students学生；C.relatives亲戚；D.strangers陌生人。根据下文“It's a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to __7__ new people”可知，这是一个分享她对食物的热爱和结识新朋友的好机会，由此推知她欢迎陌生人到她的公寓参加晚宴。故选D。 4．A.pays B．charges C．owes D．raises B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于通常一顿可能持续长达三个小时的三道菜的晚餐，Ribeiro向每人收取35欧元。A.pays支付；B.charges收费；C.owes欠；D.raises提高，筹集。根据下文“DC＝ 35 per person for what is usually a three-course meal”可知，这是Manuela Ribeiro为客人提供的晚餐的收费标准，即每人收费35欧元。故选B。 5．A.pursuing B．choosing C．discussing D．changing A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：对Ribeiro来说，这已经成为她追求购买食材、尝试新食谱以及举办晚宴这些爱好的一个完美平台。A.pursuing追求；B.choosing选择；C.discussing讨论；D.changing改变。根据上文“Manuela Ribeiro has a healthy addiction.It's __1__．”可知，Manuela Ribeiro热爱烹饪，所以此处想表达的是“追求她购买食材的爱好”。故选A。 6．A.passing on B．trying out C．going over D．taking down B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：对Ribeiro来说，这已经成为她追求购买食材、尝试新食谱以及举办晚宴这些爱好的一个完美平台。A.passing on传递；B.trying out尝试；C.going over复习；D.taking down记下。根据下文“new recipes”可知，此处表示尝试新食谱。故选B。 7．A.hire B．help C．meet D．train C　考查动词词义辨析：句意：“这是一个分享我对食物的热情以及结识新朋友的好机会。” Ribeiro说。A.hire雇佣；B.help帮助；C.meet遇见，结识；D.train训练。根据下文“This platform is not only __15__ for professional cooks，but also for those willing to discover new experiences.”可知，这个平台不仅适合专业厨师，也适合那些愿意探索新体验的人，由此可推测出Manuela Ribeiro通过这个平台可以认识新朋友。故选C。 8．A.in addition to B．in return for C．in honor of D．in line with C　考查介词短语辨析。句意：有时她准备传统的巴西菜肴，以纪念她的祖国；有时她会用她最喜欢的啤酒搭配晚餐。A.in addition to除……外(还)；B.in return for作为……的回报；C.in honor of为了纪念；D.in line with符合。根据下文“her native home”以及语境可知，为了纪念她的祖国，Ribeiro会准备传统的巴西菜肴。故选C。 9．A.replaces B．tastes C．orders D．pairs D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时她会按照她的家乡巴西的传统准备传统的巴西菜肴；有时她会把晚餐菜肴和她最喜欢的啤酒搭配起来。A.replaces代替；B.tastes品尝；C.orders订购；D.pairs配对，搭配。根据下文“dinner courses with her favorite beers”可知，此处表示用Ribeiro最喜欢的啤酒搭配晚餐。故选D。 10．A.opposed B．related C．subject D．vital A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个平台让Ribeiro能够非常自由地实现她的梦想，与餐馆形成对比，在餐馆里服务是没有人情味的，菜单是提前知道的，而且人们期望用餐过程中没有惊喜。A.opposed相反的，对立的；B.related相关的；C.subject受…… 支配的；D.vital至关重要的。根据下文“to a restaurant where the service is”可知，此处是将在平台上做饭和开餐厅进行对比，表示两者是相反的。故选A。 11．A.invaluable B．impersonal C．unsuitable D．unprofessional B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个平台让Ribeiro能够非常自由地实现她的梦想，与餐馆形成对比，在餐馆里服务是没有人情味的，菜单是提前知道的，而且人们期望用餐过程中没有惊喜。A.invaluable无价的；B.impersonal没有人情味的；C.unsuitable不合适的；D.unprofessional不专业的。根据下文“the menu is known in advance，and the meal is expected to be no __12__”可知，菜单是提前知道的，而且饭菜没有什么惊喜，说明餐厅的服务是没有人情味的。故选B。 12．A.surprise B．end C．need D．problem A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个平台让Ribeiro能够非常自由地实现她的梦想，与餐馆形成对比，在餐馆里服务是没有人情味的，菜单是提前知道的，而且人们期望用餐过程中没有惊喜。A.surprise惊喜；B.end结束；C.need需要；D.problem问题。根据上文“the menu is known in advance”可知，菜单是提前知道的，由此推知饭菜没有什么惊喜。故选A。 13．A.lesson B．pleasure C．success D．challenge D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但这也是一个很大的挑战，因为有时组织一场活动可能需要好几天的时间。” Ribeiro说。A.lesson教训；B.pleasure快乐；C.success成功；D.challenge挑战。根据下文“it can sometimes take days to __14__ a single event”可知，有时组织一个活动可能需要几天的时间，这是一件具有挑战性的事情。故选D。 14．A.celebrate B．record C．attend D．organise D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：“但这也是一个很大的挑战，因为有时组织一场活动可能需要好几天的时间。” Ribeiro说。A.celebrate庆祝；B.record记录；C.attend参加；D.organise组织。根据下文“a single event”可知，此处指组织一个活动。故选D。 15．A.selected B．reserved C．evaluated D．requested B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这个平台不仅是为专业厨师保留的，也是为那些愿意发现新体验的人准备的。”A.selected选择；B.reserved保留；C.evaluated评估；D.requested请求。根据下文“for professional cooks，but also for those willing to discover new experiences”可知，这个平台不仅为专业厨师保留，而且也为那些愿意发现新体验的人保留，应用be reserved for。故选B。 四、(2025·北京卷) At 15，I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed.The __1__ to stand out consumed me，pushing me towards a regrettable decision. One day，during a class in the IT lab with my classmates，our teacher mentioned missing computer parts.__2__ looks exchanged，everyone wondered how it could happen in a(n) __3__ lab.“It's possible to open that lock with another key，” I said.Instantly，eyes turned to me with newfound interest and curiosity.It was a rush I had never experienced before.Enjoying all the eyes on me，I __4__ how to open the lock. Little did I realize that single moment would ruin everything. The following day，called to the headmaster's office，I found myself accused of stealing the missing parts.“I didn't do it，sir，” I argued，but suspicion __5__ his eyes.His repeated __6__ intensified，pushing me to the edge of fear and tears.In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure，I __7__ confessed (承认). The headmaster asked my father to come to school，whose shaky faith in me brought a mix of relief and __8__．My father gently asked me if I understood the gravity of my actions.__9__，I confessed my misguided longing for recognition.In the headmaster's office，my father listened attentively，and then spoke with quiet authority：“I trust my son.He is not a thief.” With my father's support，I learned a valuable lesson：__10__ cannot be forced；true recognition comes from honourable acts. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了15岁的作者为了引起关注分享开锁方法，却被怀疑偷电脑零件，在校长逼问下作者被迫承认，最后父亲表示相信作者，作者也明白了真正的认可来自高尚行为的道理。 1．A.promise B．competition C．desire D．hesitation C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：引起注意的欲望吞噬着我，促使我做出了一个令人遗憾的决定。A.promise承诺；B.competition竞争；C.desire欲望；D.hesitation犹豫。根据前文“At 15，I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed.”可知，作者学业优秀却感觉不被关注，所以有引起注意的欲望。故选C项。 2．A.Curious B．Hopeful C．Distant D．Envious A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大家交换着好奇的眼神，都想知道在一个锁着的实验室里怎么会发生这种事。A.Curious好奇的；B.Hopeful有希望的；C.Distant遥远的；D.Envious嫉妒的。根据后文“everyone wondered how it could happen”可知，大家对电脑零件丢失这件事感到好奇。故选A项。 3．A.expensive B．locked C．modern D．abandoned B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大家交换着好奇的眼神，都想知道在一个锁着的实验室里怎么会发生这种事。A.expensive昂贵的；B.locked锁着的；C.modern现代的；D.abandoned废弃的。根据后文“It's possible to open that lock with another key”可知，实验室是锁着的。故选B项。 4．A.discovered B．recommended C．demonstrated D．imagined C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：享受着所有人的目光，我演示了如何开锁。A.discovered发现；B.recommended推荐；C.demonstrated演示；D.imagined想象。根据前文作者的话“It's possible to open that lock with another key”和“Instantly，eyes turned to me with newfound interest and curiosity.”可知，作者知道如何用其它钥匙开锁，为了享受大家的关注，所以演示了开锁方法。故选C项。 5．A.caught B．clouded C．hurt D．brightened B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我没做，先生，”我争辩道，但他的眼中充满了怀疑。A.caught抓住；B.clouded使模糊，笼罩，显得阴沉(或恐惧、愤怒等)；C.hurt伤害；D.brightened使明亮。根据前文“I found myself accused of stealing the missing parts.”可知，校长怀疑作者，怀疑的神色笼罩在他眼中，眼中显示出怀疑的神色。故选B项。 6．A.questioning B．reminding C．complaining D．requesting A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他反复的询问加剧了，把我逼到了恐惧和流泪的边缘。A.questioning询问；B.reminding提醒；C.complaining抱怨；D.requesting请求。根据前文“His repeated”和后文“pushing me to the edge of fear and tears”可知，校长反复询问作者，让作者感到害怕。故选A项。 7．A.warmly B．readily C．randomly D．falsely D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了摆脱不断增加的压力，我谎称自己有罪。A.warmly热情地；B.readily乐意地；C.randomly随机地；D.falsely错误地，不实地。根据前文“I didn't do it，sir”可知，作者没偷东西，结合“In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure”可知，作者为了摆脱压力，所以虚假地承认。故选D项。 8．A.pride B．patience C．shame D．surprise C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：校长请父亲来学校一趟，他对我不太坚定的信任让我既感到一丝宽慰，又觉得羞愧难当。A.pride骄傲；B.patience耐心；C.shame羞愧；D.surprise惊讶。根据前文“In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure，I __7__ confessed (承认).”和“The headmaster asked my father to come to school”可知，作者被迫承认偷了东西，现在校长请来了父亲。结合常识，父亲的到来会带给处于困境中的作者一丝宽慰，但同时，作者也会因自己为了引起关注而犯下的错误感到羞愧。故选C项。 9．A.Generously B．Tearfully C．Carelessly D．Strangely B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：我泪流满面地承认了自己对认可的错误渴望。A.Generously慷慨地；B.Tearfully含泪地；C.Carelessly粗心地；D.Strangely奇怪地。根据前文“pushing me to the edge of fear and tears”和“In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure，I __7__ confessed (承认).”可知，作者因为害怕和委屈流泪了，并被迫承认偷了东西。父亲来时，作者是含泪承认自己为了引起关注而犯下的错误。故选B项。 10．A.tolerance B．gratitude C．sympathy D．attention D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了父亲的支持，我学到了宝贵的一课：关注不能强求；真正的认可来自高尚的行为。A.tolerance容忍；B.gratitude感激；C.sympathy同情；D.attention关注。根据前文“At 15，I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed.”可知，作者一直渴望得到关注，所以这里说关注不能强求。故选D项。 五、(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievement s all my life. When I was a teenager，a neighborhood friend __1__ a marathon race.Feeling motivated，I started running __2__，but then two things happened.First，a girl I met one day told me she was __3__ for a “super，” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.Then，the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.To be honest，I __4__ it！Between the girl making my __5__ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging，I decided that the only __6__ I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I __7__ cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I __8__ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day，I __9__ her bike and went for a ride.The __10__：The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.I'd never faced such __11__．That day，I got __12__ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.When I got back home，suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as __13__． I've __14__ a lot since then.I've come to accept that whatever __15__ I set for myself，they just have to be my own. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动(跑步和骑自行车)的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变化。 1．A.knew B．held C．won D．quit C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A.knew知道；B.held抓住；C.won赢得；D.quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C项。 2．A.regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A.regularly有规律地；B.silently默默地；C.proudly自豪地；D.recently最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated” 可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选A项。 3．A.asking B．looking C．waiting D．training D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A.asking要求；B.looking看；C.waiting等待；D.training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D项。 4．A.made B．believed C．hated D．deserved C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它！A.made制作；B.believed相信；C.hated讨厌；D.deserved值得。根据前文“Then，the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my ________ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C项。 5．A.advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我！ A.advantage优势；B.achievement成就；C.contribution贡献；D.influence影响。根据前文“Then，the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles，而女孩在为52.4 miles做训练，所以应是作者的成就微不足道。故选B项。 6．A.way B．risk C．place D．reason D　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.way方式；B.risk风险；C.place地方；D.reason理由。根据后文“I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me！”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因。故选D项。 7．A.gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A.gave up放弃；B.went on继续；C.turned to转向；D.dealt with处理。根据前文“I decided that the only ________ I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me！”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处应是转向骑自行车。故选C项。 8．A.heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A.heard听到；B.dreamed梦想；C.complained抱怨；D.approved批准。根据后文“of entering cycle races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合语境。故选B项。 9．A.painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A.painted把……描绘成；B.borrowed借；C.bought买；D.parked停(车)。根据前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车。故选B项。 10．A.problem B．secret C．principle D．advice A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A.problem问题；B.secret秘密；C.principle原则；D.advice建议。根据后文“I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.I'd never faced such ________．”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说，是一个问题。故选A项。 11．A.dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A.dangers危险；B.events事件；C.opponents对手；D.challenges挑战。根据前文“The ________：The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说是一个挑战。故选D项。 12．A.passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，我被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A.passed超过；B.convinced说服；C.admired欣赏；D.stopped阻止。根据前文“I'd never faced such ________.”可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，所以是被很多人超过。故选A项。 13．A.reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A.reliable可信赖的；B.convenient方便的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.appealing吸引人的。根据前文“That day，I got ________ by about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads.”可知，作者那天骑行被100多人超过，所以此时是觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。故选D项。 14．A.traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A.traveled旅行；B.matured (情感和认识)成熟；C.missed思念；D.worried担心。根据后文“I've come to accept that whatever _______ I set for myself，they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成熟了很多。故选B项。 15．A.limits B．dates C．goals D．tests C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A.limits限制；B.dates日期；C.goals目标；D.tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself，they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的”，符合语境。故选C项。 六、(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago，I didn't think too long.I liked traveling in France，but when it came to picking my favorite spot to __1__，Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy，I __2__ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to __3__ a sentence of Italian together，the locals smiled at me and __4__ my language skills.That encouragement helped me to get through the language __5__．After I made Italy my permanent home，I discovered how __6__ Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to __7__ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It's these small __8__ of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie，the way to my heart is through my stomach，and nowhere fuels my __9__ quite like Italy.Each town has its own traditional __10__，and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.Families __11__ for big meals on Sundays，birthdays，and whatever other excuses they can __12__．These meals are always __13__ by laughter and joy.Whatever __14__ life in Italy might have，the problems are __15__ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。 1．A.study B．rent C．visit D．settle D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显然是赢家。A.study学习；B.rent租金；C.visit游览；D.settle定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点。故选D。 2．A.planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A.planned计划；B.struggled斗争，吃力地进行；C.refused拒绝；D.happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。 3．A.string B．hang C．mix D．match A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A.string串起、连成一串；B.hang悬挂；C.mix混合；D.match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。 4．A.improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised D　考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.improved改进；B.assessed评估；C.admired钦佩；D.praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。 5．A.course B．barrier C．area D．test B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A.course课程；B.barrier障碍；C.area区域；D.test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills.That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人对作者的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍。故选B。 6．A.open-minded B．strong-willed C．warm-hearted D．well-informed C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我把意大利作为永久的家后，我发现了意大利人是多么的热情。A.open-minded思想开明的；B.strong-willed思想坚定的；C.warm-hearted热心的；D.well-informed见多识广的。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居是热情的。故选C。 7．A.remind B．allow C．persuade D．order A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗。A.remind提醒；B.allow允许；C.persuade说服；D.order命令。根据上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家门前提醒他关上车窗。故选A。 8．A.tricks B．promises C．acts D．duties C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。A.tricks技巧；B.promises承诺；C.acts行为；D.duties职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。 9．A.ambition B．success C．appetite D．growth C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个美食家，通往我内心的路是通过我的胃，没有什么地方能像意大利那样刺激我的食欲。A.ambition雄心；B.success成功；C.appetite食欲；D.growth发育。根据上文“As a foodie，the way to my heart is through my stomach”可推知，此处指做这是一个美食家，所以应该是刺激食欲。故选C。 10．A.costume B．dish C．symbol D．tale B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴，每个家庭都保存着代代相传的食谱。A.costume服装；B.dish菜肴；C.symbol符号；D.tale故事。根据上文“fuels my appetite”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此处指意大利各地都有传统菜肴。故选B。 11．A.gather B．cheer C．leave D．wait A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A.gather集合；B.cheer欢呼；C.leave留下；D.wait等待。根据上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and family”可推知，此处指一家人聚集在一起吃饭。故选A。 12．A.put up with B．stand up for C．come up with D．make up for C　考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.put up with克服；B.stand up for支持；C.come up with想出；D.make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的理由。故选C。 13．A.signaled B．confirmed C．represented D．accompanied D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些饭菜总是伴随着笑声和喜悦。A.signaled示意；B.confirmed确认；C.represented代表；D.accompanied伴随。根据下文“by laughter and joy”可推知，此处指家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“accompany by”译为“伴随”。故选D。 14．A.disadvantages B．meanings C．surprises D．opportunities A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A.disadvantages缺点；B.meanings含义；C.surprises惊喜；D.opportunities机会。根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知，此处指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。故选A。 15．A.created B．forgotten C．understood D．identified B　考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.created创建；B.forgotten忘记；C.understood理解；D.identified确认。根据上文“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have，the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记不愉快。故选B。 七、(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) On Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have __1__ the course earlier than she did.Her __2__ came because she was carrying a __3__ across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper，Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her __4__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She __5__ to help her fellow runner，Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __6__．She couldn't.Bailey then __7__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line，then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention. Once there，Lenoue was __9__ and later taken to a hospital，where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme __10__ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help. As for Bailey，she is more __11__ about why her act is considered a big __12__．“She was just crying.I couldn't __13__ her，” Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the __14__，they've since become friends.Neither won the race，but the __15__ of human kindness won the day. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。 1．A.designed B．followed C．changed D．finished D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A.designed设计；B.followed跟随；C.changed改变；D.finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line，then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。 2. A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A.delay延误；B.chance机会；C.trouble麻烦；D.excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have __1__ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。 3. A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A.judge裁判；B.volunteer志愿者；C.classmate同学；D.competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。 4. A．race B．school C．town D．training A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A.race比赛；B.school学校；C.town城镇；D.training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。 5．A.agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A.agreed同意；B.returned回来；C.stopped停止；D.promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。 6．A.courage B．aid C．patience D．advice B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A.courage勇气；B.aid帮助；C.patience耐心；D.advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。 7．A.went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A.went away离开； B．stood up站起来；C.stepped aside让路；D.bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。 8．A.medical B．public C．constant D．equal A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A.medical医疗的；B.public公众的；C.constant持续不断的；D.equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。 9．A.interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A.interrupted打断；B.assessed评估；C.identified识别；D.appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。 10．A.hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A.hunger饥饿；B.pain疼痛；C.cold感冒；D.tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。 11．A.worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.worried担心的；B.ashamed惭愧的；C.confused困惑的；D.discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。 12. A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.game游戏；B.problem问题；C.lesson课；D.deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。 13. A．leave B．cure C．bother D．understand A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A.leave离开；B.cure治愈；C.bother打扰；D.understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。 14．A.ride B．test C．meet D．show C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A.ride短途旅程；B.test测试；C.meet体育比赛；D.show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。 15．A.secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A.secret秘密；B.display展示；C.benefit利益；D.exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line，then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B。 八、(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) In April last year，I saw a post on the PNP(Pilots N Paws)website from a family in Topeka.They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight __1__．They could not afford to pay for __2__ for their dog，Tiffy，and __3__ wanted to take her with them. It just __4__ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot，Karen，who __5__ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.What I was to do was fly to Topeka to __6__ Tiffy. When I met Tiffy's owners，they seemed very __7__．George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was __8__ for him，having to leave his dog to a __9__ and trust that everything would __10__． After some goodbyes，I asked George and his wife to help me __11__ Tiffy into the plane.I promised to take care of Tiffy and __12__ them as soon as we got to Kansas City. The flight was __13__，and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day，she __14__ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.He was so __15__ and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过Pilots N Paws网站帮助一家搬家的人将他们的狗接到另一个城市的过程。作者和另一位飞行员一起完成了这次任务，最终成功将这只狗带回到了它的主人身边。 1．A.turn B．budget C．schedule D．connection B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们不得不搬到弗吉尼亚，但他们的预算非常紧张。A.turn转折点；B.budget预算；C.schedule时间表；D.connection联系。根据“They could not afford to pay for __2__ for their dog，Tiffy，”可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张。故选B。 2．A.food B．shelter C．medicine D．transportation D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。A.food食物；B.shelter庇护；C.medicine药；D.transportation交通。根据“They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight __1__．”及下文可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张，所以付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费。故选D。 3．A.desperately B．temporarily C．secretly D．originally A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。 A．desperately非常，拼命地；B.temporarily暂时地；C.secretly秘密地；D.originally起初。根据“wanted to take her with them.”可知，这家人非常想把狗一起带走。故选A。 4．A.appeared B．proved C．happened D．showed C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A.appeared出现；B.proved证明；C.happened碰巧；D.showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot，Karen，”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。故选C。 5．A.waited B．offered C．hurried D．failed B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A.waited等待；B.offered提供、主动提出；C.hurried匆忙；D.failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B。 6．A.see off B．look for C．hand over D．pick up D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A.see off为……送行；B.look for寻找；C.hand over移交；D.pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D。 7．A.confused B．nervous C．annoyed D．curious B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我见到Tiffy的主人时，他们看起来很紧张。A.confused困惑的；B.nervous紧张的；C.annoyed恼怒的；D.curious好奇的。根据“George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was __8__ for him，having to leave his dog to a __9__ and trust that everything would __10__．”可知，这家人看起来有点紧张和不安。故选B。 8．A.hard B．fine C．common D．lucky A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A.hard困难的；B.fine好的；C.common常见的；D.lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a __9__ and trust that everything would __10__．”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。 9．A.coworker B．passenger C．stranger D．neighbor C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A.coworker合作者；B.passenger乘客；C.stranger陌生人；D.neighbor邻居。根据“George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was __8__ for him，”可知，要把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C。 10．A.speed up B．work out C．come back D．take off B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A.speed up加速；B.work out解决；C.come back回来；D.take off起飞。根据“George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was __8__ for him，”可知，让狗的主人George相信一个陌生人一切都会解决好，对他来说很难。故选B。 11．A.feed B．follow C．change D．load D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：道别之后，我让George和他的妻子帮我把Tiffy送上飞机。A.feed喂养；B.follow跟随；C.change改变；D.load装载。load into装入。根据“Tiffy into the plane.”可知，作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy装入飞机。故选D。 12．A.call B．join C．leave D．serve A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我答应过会照顾好Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。A.call打电话；B.join加入；C.leave离开；D.serve服务。根据“as soon as we got to Kansas City.”可知，作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。故选A。 13．A.unnecessary B．unexpected C．unavoidable D．uneventful D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次飞行平安无事，Tiffy是个很棒的乘客。A.unnecessary没有必要的；B.unexpected意想不到的；C.unavoidable不可避免的；D.uneventful太平无事的。根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知，这次飞行一切都平安无事。故选D。 14．A.returned B．fought C．flew D．agreed C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，她和Karen一起坐飞机，几天后就回到了弗吉尼亚州的George那里。 A．returned返回；B.fought打仗；C.flew飞；D.agreed同意。根据“It just __4__ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot，Karen，who __5__ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen带狗Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州。故选C。 15．A.thankful B．generous C．proud D．sympathetic A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他非常感激，给我发了一封很漂亮的电子邮件，并附上了照片。A.thankful感激的；B.generous慷慨的；C.proud骄傲的；D.sympathetic同情的。通读全文，再根据“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.”可推知，此处指对于作者的帮忙，George非常感激。故选A。 九、(2022·全国乙卷改编) Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them，there's something highly exciting about __1__ someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However，we all witness that preschool children are remarkably __2__ at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies __3__． For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was __4__ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology __5__ that idea. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or __6__．We then asked the child if she could __7__ or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied that they couldn't.The same thing happened when the adult covered her own mouth：__8__ children said that they couldn't __9__ to her. A number of __10__ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The results were clear：Our young subjects __11__ the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them.Their __12__ to the questions reflected their true __13__ that “I can see you only if you can see me，too.” They simply __14__ mutual(相互的)recognition and regard.Our findings suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head，it is not a result of egocentrism.In fact，children consider this method __15__ when others use it. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。 1．A.following B．taking C．escaping D．directing C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A.following跟随；B.taking取走；C.escaping避开；D.directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C。 2．A.clever B．bad C．scared D．quick B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A.clever聪明的；B.bad不擅长的；C.scared害怕的；D.quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B。 3．A.exposed B．examined C．untouched D．imbalanced A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A.exposed无遮蔽的；B.examined已检查过的；C.untouched未受影响的；D.imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A。 4．A.supported B．guaranteed C．imagined D．interpreted D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A.supported支持；B.guaranteed保证；C.imagined想象；D.interpreted解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric’ creatures”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D。 5．A.explained B．confirmed C．contradicted D．tested C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A.explained解释；B.confirmed证实；C.contradicted相矛盾；D.tested测试。根据下文可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C。 6．A.feet B．nose C．hands D．ears D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.feet 脚；B.nose鼻子；C.hands手；D.ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D。 7．A.see B．help C．reach D．fool A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A.see看见；B.help帮助；C.reach到达；D.fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A。 8．A.Yet B．Now C．Soon D．Once B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A.Yet然而；B.Now此刻；C.Soon很快；D.Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B。 9．A.speak B．listen C．turn D．wave A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A.speak说；B.listen听；C.turn转；D.wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A。 10．A.instructions B．descriptions C．experiments D．assumptions C　查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A.instructions命令；B.descriptions说明；C.experiments实验；D.assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C。 11．A.comprehended B．predicted C．explored D．ignored A　查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A.comprehended理解；B.predicted预测；C.explored探索；D.ignored忽略。根据下文可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A。 12．A.responses B．approaches C．contribution D．sensitivity A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A.responses回答；B.approaches方法；C.contribution贡献；D.sensitivity敏感性。根据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A。 13．A.ability B．belief C．identity D．purpose B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A.ability能力；B.belief看法；C.identity身份；D.purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me，too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B。 14．A.hold back B．relate to C．insist on D．make up C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A.hold back阻止；B.relate to有关联；C.insist on坚持；D.make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me，too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C。 15．A.tentative B．impressive C．creative D．effective D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A.tentative实验性的；B.impressive令人印象深刻的；C.creative创造性的；D.effective有效的。根据上文可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D。 十、(2022·全国甲卷改编) You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs. For many years，I enjoyed living with my dogs，Tilly and Chance.Their __1__ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.Nearly.Last year，I started dating，but with __2__．When I first dated Steve，I learned he had a dog，Molly，and a cat，Flora.While I was __3__ that he was an animal lover，I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many，and my dogs might attack __4__， the cat. The next week we walked our dogs together.It was a hot day.When we paused to catch our __5__，Steve got down on one knee.Was he proposing(求婚)？I liked him too，but so __6__？He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.__7__，I began to fall for him. We __8__ to date，though neither of us brought up the future.And then in late November，Tilly had an operation on her leg.I took the dogs out four times a day，and I worried that Tilly __9__ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound.Then Steve __10__ his house.All worked __11__．The three dogs formed a pack that，with coaching，__12__ Flora's space；Steve and I formed a good team caring for Tilly.We made good housemates. A year later，much to my __13__，this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.He did not kneel(跪)down，nor did I __14__ him to.That's only for giving __15__ to the dogs that brought us together. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多，作者多年和两只爱犬生活在一起，去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会，但有所保留，因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生好感，在之后的接触中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬，一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚。 1．A.ownership B．membership C．companionship D．leadership C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A.ownership所有权；B.membership会员；C.companionship陪伴；D.leadership领导。由上文的“For many years，I enjoyed living with my dogs，Tilly and Chance.(多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起。)”可知，作者多年和狗狗生活在一起，可得出狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C。 2．A.reservations B．expectations C．confidence D．prejudice A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A.reservations保留；B.expectations期望；C.confidence信心；D.prejudice偏见。由下文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.(他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗。)”和“I began to fall for him.(我开始爱上他。)”可知，作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗时，因为史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者才对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出刚开始约会时，因为不熟悉史蒂夫的品行，作者还是有所保留的。故选A。 3．A.unsatisfied B．amused C．terrified D．thrilled D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A.unsatisfied不满意的；B.amused愉快的；C.terrified害怕的；D.thrilled非常开心的。由下文的“he was an animal lover (他是一个动物爱好者)”可知，得知史蒂夫是一个动物爱好者，多年和两只爱犬生活在一起的作者应该是感到愉快高兴。故选D。 4．A.Flora B．Chance C．Molly D．Tilly A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A.Flora弗洛拉；B.Chance机会；C.Molly莫莉；D.Tilly蒂莉。选项指的是文中动物名词。由上文的“he had a dog，Molly，and a car，Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A。 5．A.breath B．balance C．attention D．imagination A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们停下来休息时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。A.breath呼吸；B.balance平衡；C.attention注意力；D.imagination想象。由上文的“It was a hot day.When we paused (那是一个炎热的日子。当我们停下)”可知，那天很热，遛狗的二人停下来休息一下，catch one's breath (休息一下，歇一口气)。 故选A。 6．A.calm B．sure C．soon D．real C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢他，但这么快？A.calm冷静的；B.sure确定的；C.soon很快的；D.real真正的。由上文的“The next week (第二周)”和“Was he proposing (求婚)? (他在求婚吗？)”可知，二人才认识两周，作者以为史蒂夫要向自己求婚，认为进展太快了。故选C。 7．A.By the way B．In that case C．By all means D．In that moment D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我开始爱上他。A.By the way顺便说一句；B.In that case那样的话；C.By all means务必；D.In that moment那一刻。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.(他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗。)”和下文的“I began to fall for him.(我开始爱上他。)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感。故选D。 8．A.continued B．decided C．intended D．pretended A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们继续约会，虽然我们都没有提到未来。A.continued继续；B.decided决定；C.intended打算；D.pretended假装。由上文的“I began to fall for him.(我开始爱上他。)”可知，作者对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出二人会继续约会。故选A。 9．A.secretly B．constantly C．eventually D．unwillingly B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一天带狗出去四次，我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开。A.secretly秘密地；B.constantly不断地；C.eventually最终；D.unwillingly不情愿地。由上文的“I took the dogs out four times a day (我一天带狗出去四次)”可知，作者一天带狗出去四次，可得出狗狗(包括Tilly)要不断地爬楼梯。故选B。 10．A.left B．sold C．suggested D．searched C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后史蒂夫离开了他的房子。A.left离开；B.sold卖；C.suggested建议，推荐；D.searched搜寻。由下文的“We made good housemates.(我们是很好的室友。)”可知，二人成为室友。可以推断出来，因为害怕作者的狗爬楼梯不方便，所以建议作者搬过去一起住。故选C。 11．A.late B．hard C．fine D．free C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很好。A.late晚的；B.hard困难的；C.fine好的；D.free自由的。由下文的“The three dogs formed a pack (这三条狗组成了一个团队)”和“Steve and I formed a good team (史蒂夫和我组成了一个好团队)”以及“We made good housemates.(我们是很好的室友。)”可知，狗狗相处友好，作者和史蒂夫相处也友好，可得出一切都好。故选C。 12．A.emptied B．respected C．occupied D．discovered B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A.emptied清空；B.respected尊重；C.occupied占据；D.discovered发现。由上文的“my dogs might attack __4__，the cat (我的狗可能会攻击猫)”和“The three dogs formed a pack that，with coaching (这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下)”可知，起初作者担心自己的狗会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora，但作者的狗和史蒂夫的狗相处友好，可得出在训练下，狗不会去攻击猫，结合动物的领地意识可知，此处指狗尊重猫的空间。故选B。 13．A.delight B．credit C．interest D．disadvantage A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。A.delight高兴；B.credit信用；C.interest兴趣；D.disadvantage缺点。由下文的“this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me (这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚)”可知，史蒂夫向作者求婚，作者应该是感到高兴。故选A。 14．A.beg B．trust C．need D．aid C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有跪下，我也不需要他跪下。A.beg乞求；B.trust信任；C.need需要；D.aid帮助。由上文的“He did not kneel (跪) down (他没有跪下)”和常识可知，一般求婚是要下跪的，但史蒂夫没有下跪，作者对此并不在意，因为作者不需要他下跪。故选C。 15．A.toys B．awards C．food D．water D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A.toys玩具；B.awards奖励；C.food食物；D.water水。由上文的 (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗。我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感，所以是“给爱犬喝水”的举动让二人走到了一起。故选D。 十一、(2022·1月浙江卷改编) When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year，she started having problems with her __1__，notably dryness and discomfort. “I was simply __2__ a terrible experience，” Ms.Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto.“I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my __3__ was affected.” Ms.Burdeyney talked to some friends who had __4__ problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in __5__．“Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so __6__” she said.“But more and more are suffering and lives are being __7__．” Eventually，Ms.Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research，program at Tel Aviv University in Israel.The research team __8__ Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic，who has done __9__ work on eye care using stem cells.Seeing a ray of hope，Ms.Burdeyney began raising money for the project with a friend，Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman.__10__ she has raised $110，000 with another $40，000 expected. “I'm trying to get more and more people to __11__ that there are solutions(解决办法)，” said Ms.Burdeyney，a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after __12__．“I say there is no old age，there's only neglect (忽视).Don't stand __13__，do something about it.” Ms.Burdeyney __14__ that she is hoping to do more for the research project.“I just want to bring light into people eyes and this is just the __15__.There is still a long way to go.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个遭受眼睛问题之苦的Burdeyney女士积极为研究项目提供帮助以寻求解决方法的故事。 1．A.throat B．skin C．lungs D．eyes D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始有眼睛问题，明显干涩和不适。A.throat喉咙；B.skin皮肤；C.lungs肺；D.eyes眼睛。根据第八空前面的句子“Eventually，Ms.Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research(最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划)”可知，她有眼睛问题。故选D。 2．A.getting over B．going through C．holding on D．passing down B　考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我只是在经历一段糟糕的体验。A.get over克服；B.go through经历；C.hold on坚持；D.pass down传递下去。根据语境可知，她遭受眼睛问题，这是一段糟糕的经历。故选B。 3．A.story B．treatment C．life D．relationship C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到如此无助和不安，因为我的生活质量受到了影响。A.story故事；B.treatment治疗，对待；C.life生命，生活；D.relationship关系。主人公遭受眼部之苦，生活质量自然会被影响。故选C。 4．A.similar B．various C．personal D．special A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A.similar相似的；B.various多种多样的；C.personal私人的；D.special特别的。跟与自己有相同问题的人交谈并发现问题，符合语境逻辑。故选A。 5．A.turn B．peace C．vain D．silence D　考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A.in turn轮流；B.in peace和平地；C.in vain徒劳地；D.in silence默默地。根据后句“Nobody chooses to talk about it(没有人想谈论它)”可知，他们很多人保持了沉默。故选D。 6．A.unbearable B．abnormal C．insignificant D．disturbing C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说没有人选择谈论它因为这看起来没有意义。A.unbearable无法忍受的；B.abnormal不正常的；C.insignificant无意义的；D.disturbing扰人的。他们闭口不提的原因很可能是因为无意义，其他三个选项不符合一般逻辑。故选C。 7．A.compromised B．forgotten C．substituted D．separated A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是越来越多的人在受苦，生命陷入危险。A.compromise使陷入危险，妥协；B.forget遗忘；C.substitute替代，代替；D.separate分隔。越来越多的人在遭受眼睛问题带来的痛苦，这属于健康问题，威胁生命。故选A。 8．A.informed B．doubted C．included D．dismissed C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A.inform通知；B.doubt怀疑；C.include包括；D.dismiss解散。根据语境可知，这位专家在这个团队中。故选C。 9．A.part-time B．controversial C．voluntary D．ground-breaking D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A.part-time兼职的；B.controversial有争议的；C.voluntary自愿的；D.ground-breaking开创性的。根据后句“Seeing a ray od hope(看到了一丝希望)”可知，他是带来希望的人，是最先做的，他的工作具有开创性。故选D。 10．A.As ever B．So far C．In return D．Once again B　考查短语词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A.as ever依旧，和往常一样；B.so far目前；C.in return作为回报；D.once again再一次。根据本句的现在完成时态，应选择so far，他们已经筹集了111000美金。故选B。 11．A.imagine B．confirm C．remember D．understand D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney说，“我正在努力让越来越多的人明白有解决办法”。A.imagine想象；B.confirm确认；C.remember记得；D.understand理解。结合前文很多人默默地受苦是因为看不到希望，所以要让他们理解办法是有的。故选D。 12．A.retirement B．childbirth C．graduation D．marriage A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位受过专业培训的护士在退休之后仍然作为私人培训师在工作。A.retirement退休；B.childbirth出生；C.graduation毕业；D.marriage婚姻。根据still work可知，她本可以不工作了可知，她已经退休了。故选A。 13．A.straight B．still C．firm D．alone B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要呆着保持不动，做点什么事情。A.straight直的；B.still静止的；C.firm坚定的；D.alone单独。此处的stand意为“处于某种状态”后跟形容词作表语，呼吁人们采取行动，不要什么都不做。故选B。 14．A.commented B．learned C．reminded D．added D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney补充说她希望为这个项目做得更多。A.comment评论；B.learn学习；C.remind提醒；D.add补充说。前句为她说的话，后面又继续说，即为补充说。故选D。 15．A.future B．beginning C．truth D．meaning B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A.future未来；B.beginning开始；C.truth事实；D.meaning意义。根据后句“There is still a long way to go.(有很长的路要走。)”可知，只是开始。故选B。 十二、(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) My husband，our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years. Some of our __1__ are funny，especially from the early years when our children were little.Once，we __2__ along Chalk Creek.I was __3__ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek(小溪).I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.That lasted about ten minutes.He was __4__，and his crying let the whole campground know it.So __5__ tying him up，I just kept a close eye on him.It __6__ — he didn't end up in the creek.My three-year-old，however，did. Another time，we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we __7__，but storms move in fast in the mountains，and this one quickly __8__ our peaceful morning trip.The __9__ picked up and thunder rolled.My husband stopped fishing to __10__ the motor.Nothing.He tried again.No __11__．We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.As we all sat there __12__，a fisherman pulled up，threw us a rope and towed(拖)us back.We were __13__． Now，every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage，we are filled with a sense of __14__，wondering what camping fun and __15__ we will experience next. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和家人在旅行过程中经历过的趣事与冒险，并且作者和家人都十分期待即将经历的冒险。 1．A.ideas B．jokes C．memories D．discoveries C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A.ideas想法；B.jokes笑话；C.memories记忆；D.discoveries发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可推知，此处指作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C。 2．A.camped B．drove C．walked D．cycled A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A.camped露营；B.drove开车；C.walked散步；D.cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband，our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”可知，此处指作者与家人一起在溪边露营。故选A。 3．A.annoyed B．surprised C．disappointed D．worried D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我担心我们15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里。A.annoyed恼怒的；B.surprised惊讶的；C.disappointed失望的；D.worried担心的。根据下文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”可推知，此处指作者担心自己的孩子会掉进小溪里，所以才在他的腰上系了一根绳子。故选D。 4．A.unhurt B．unfortunate C．uncomfortable D．unafraid C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A.unhurt未受伤的；B.unfortunate不幸的；C.uncomfortable不舒服的；D.unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以才会哭。故选C。 5．A.due to B．instead of C．apart from D．as for B　考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以我没有把他绑起来，而是密切关注着他。A.due to由于；B.instead of代替，而不是；C.apart from除了；D.as for至于。根据上文“He was uncomfortable，and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a close eye on him”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以作者放弃在他身上绑绳子，而是密切关注着他。故选B。 6．A.worked B．happened C．mattered D．changed A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：它起作用了，他最终没有掉进小溪里。A.worked起作用；B.happened发生；C.mattered事关紧要；D.changed改变。根据下文“he didn't end up in the creek”可推知，此处指作者的密切关注起作用了，孩子没有掉进小溪里。故选A。 7．A.signed up B．calmed down C．checked out D．headed off D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A.signed up注册、报名；B.calmed down冷静下来；C.checked out退房，结账离开；D.headed off启程，出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。 8．A.arranged B．interrupted C．completed D．recorded B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A.arranged安排；B.interrupted中断；C.completed完成；D.recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains，and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。 9．A.wind B．noise C．temperature D．speed A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A.wind风；B.noise噪音；C.temperature温度；D.speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。 10．A.find B．hide C．start D．fix C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动马达。A.find找到；B.hide隐藏；C.start启动；D.fix修理。根据下文“Nothing.He tried again.”以及“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指作者的丈夫尝试将船启动。故选C。 11．A.luck B．answer C．wonder D．signal A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有好运。A.luck好运；B.answer回答；C.wonder惊奇；D.signal信号。根据下文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指作者的丈夫再次尝试启动，也没有获得好运，船依然无法启动。故选A。 12．A.patiently B．tirelessly C．doubtfully D．helplessly D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了回来。A.patiently耐心地；B.tirelessly不知疲倦地；C.doubtfully怀疑地；D.helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。 13．A.sorry B．brave C．safe D．right C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们安全了。A.sorry抱歉的；B.brave勇敢的；C.safe安全的；D.right正确的。根据上文“a fisherman pulled up，threw us a rope and towed us back”可推知，此处指得到了渔夫的帮助，作者和家人安全了。故选C。 14．A.relief B．duty C．pride D．excitement D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A.relief救济；B.duty职责；C.pride自豪；D.excitement兴奋。结合语境，再根据下文“wondering what camping fun”可推知，此处指作者期待接下来的露营，充满兴奋。故选D。 15．A.failure B．adventure C．performance D．conflict B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A.failure失败；B.adventure冒险；C.performance表现；D.conflict冲突。根据上文“Now，every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage，we are filled with a sense of excitement，wondering what camping fun and”以及下文“we will experience next”可推知，此处指作者与家人十分期待即将经历的冒险。故选B。 十三、(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Like many young people，Jessica wants to travel the globe.Unlike most of them，this 25-year-old is doing it __1__．She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world，stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.It might sound like one long，expensive __2__，but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel __3__． They're part of a new form of the __4__ economy：an online group of house sitters.Throughout their no-cost stays in __5__ homes，they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner's __6__． It's not all sightseeing.The two travelers carefully __7__ their trips，scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to __8__.But house sitting also offers a level of __9__ they can't find in a hotel.“It's like __10__ at a friend's house，” Jessica says. The couple has a high __11__ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner's __12__．For Jessica，that means __13__ plenty of pictures of happy pets，keeping the house __14__ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house.“You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right __15__，” she says. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Jessica和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的事情。在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。 1．A.indoors B．online C．single-handed D．full-time D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A.indoors室内；B.online在线的；C.single-handed单手的；D.full-time全职的。根据下文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world，stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.(在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留。)”可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。故选D。 2．A.game B．service C．vacation D．procedure C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A.game游戏；B.service服务；C.vacation假期；D.procedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。 3．A.safe B．busy C．helpful D．affordable D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A.safe安全的；B.busy忙碌的；C.helpful有帮助的；D.affordable买的起的。对应上文“It might sound like one long，expensive”指听起来昂贵，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。故选D。 4．A.local B．private C．sharing D．agricultural C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是共享经济新形式的一部分：在线看房者。A.local当地的；B.private私人的；C.sharing分享；D.agricultural农业的。根据后文“economy：an online group of house sitters”以及提到他们免费住在陌生人家里，可见是共享经济。故选C。 5．A.strangers' B．parents' C．co-workers' D．neighbors' A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A.strangers'陌生人的；B.parents'父母的；C.co-workers'同事的；D.neighbors'邻居的。根据上文可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。 6．A.favor B．defense C．honor D．absence D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A.favor帮助；B.defense防御；C.honor荣誉；D.absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner's”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。 7．A.plan B．explain C．compare D．complete A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A.plan计划；B.explain解释；C.compare比较；D.complete完成。根据宾语“their trips”指计划旅行，应用plan。故选A。 8．A.buy B．transport C．choose D．please D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A.buy购买；B.transport运输；C.choose选择；D.please取悦。根据上文“the pets that are sometimes difficult to”指某些宠物很难照管。故选D。 9．A.support B．comfort C．control D．attention B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A.support支持；B.comfort舒适，安慰；C.control控制；D.attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家，可见照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。 10．A.cooking B．staying C．waiting D．studying B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就像住在朋友家一样，”Jessica说。A.cooking烹饪；B.staying停留；C.waiting等待；D.studying学习。根据后文“at a friend's house”指像呆在朋友家，应用stay at。故选B。 11．A.success B．survival C．growth D．unemployment A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A.success成功；B.survival存活；C.growth生长；D.unemployment失业。根据下文“rate in getting accepted as house sitters”可知此处指他们被接受为看房人的成功率，应用success。故选A。 12．A.budget B．abilities C．expectations D．understanding C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A.budget预算；B.abilities能力；C.expectations期待；D.understanding理解。上文提到这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，是因为他们总是超出房主的预期，所以成功率才高。故选C。 13．A.admiring B．donating C．sending D．borrowing C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A.admiring钦佩；B.donating捐赠；C.sending发送；D.borrowing借来。根据后文“plenty of pictures of happy pets”指给房主发送宠物的照片。故选C。 14．A.clean B．open C．simple D．empty A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A.clean干净的；B.open开放的；C.simple简单的；D.empty空的。根据上文可知，他们的职责就是照看房子，所以要保持房子的清洁。故选A。 15．A.guess B．decision C．response D．impression B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你要让房主觉得他们做了正确的决定，”她说。A.guess猜测；B.decision决定；C.response反应；D.impression印象。是房主选择了他们当看房人，所以是房主做了正确的决定，故选B。 十四、(2021·全国乙卷改编) Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations.I was considering this while working as a __1__ just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different __2__ of gratitude(感谢). My thoughts were soon __3__．We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement operation.One afternoon，while __4__ to get into bed she collapsed(倒下)from what was __5__ discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous，reguiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork.But she recovered，though __6__，and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks. She was __7__ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.On her day of discharge，we shared in her __8__ at her recovery.As she was leaving she was eager to say __9__ to each of us in the nursing team.When she __10__ one nurse，she tried to press a five pound note into her hand.My colleague refused to accept it，saying that we were all just __11__ our job.The patient looked puzzled，and then __12__：“Oh，this isn't for the care I had.I take that as a __13__．No，this is for setting my hair yesterday.” And there you have it.To many people，__14__ lives is part of the job but styling hair is an __15__ and should be rewarded. 【语篇解读】　作为一名刚工作不久的护士，作者以为表达感谢很简单，就是用不同的语句去表达。但一位病人病愈后的举动却让作者对表达感谢又有了更深一层的理解。 1．A.cleaner B．chemist C．nurse D．doctor C　根据第三段中的“...to each of us in the nursing team”判断，“我”是刚工作不久的一名护士。故选C项。cleaner清洁工；chemist药剂师；nurse护士；doctor医生。 2．A.grades B．meanings C．needs D．expectations A　初出茅庐的“我”以为表达感谢很容易，就是用几句不同层面的语句去表达即可。故选A。grade等级，层次；meaning含义；need需求；expectation期待。 3．A.brushed aside B．put to the test C．brought under discussion D．taken into account B　brush aside放一边去，漠视；put to the test得到检验；bring under discussion进入讨论；take into account考虑到。从下文一位女病人用自己的方式表达感谢的描述可知，“我”表达感谢的想法得到了检验。故选B。 4．A.attempting B．choosing C．pausing D．promising A　因为在做膝盖替换手术，所以在术后的一天下午，这位女病人肯定是自己尝试去床上。故选A。 5．A.eventually B．fortunately C．casually D．secretly A　在尝试上床之际，她跌倒了，最终被发现是心脏病。eventually意为“最终”。故选A。 6．A.slightly B．accidentally C．slowly D．happily C　尽管术后恢复很慢，但她总算恢复了，并准备在四周后出院。故选C。 7．A.grateful B．thoughtful C．sorrowful D．fearful A　根据下文这位女病人表达感谢的描述可知，此刻在出院之际，她要对医护团队替她所做的事情表达感谢。故选A。 8．A.surprise B．delight C．curiosity D．disappointment B　她准备出院，肯定心情愉快。于是我们分享了她的欢乐。故选B。 9．A.sorry B．hello C．goodbye D．yes C　正当她准备离开时，她渴望对我们护理团队说再见。故选C。 10．A.reached B．consulted C．introduced D．persuaded A　当她到一个护士旁边时，她尝试向她手里塞进五英镑钞票。故选A。 11．A.enjoying B．doing C．securing D．starting B　我们只是在做我们本职工作。故选B。 12．A.repeated B．recited C．replied D．reported C　当这位护士没有接受病人的感谢的钞票并说这是其分内之事后，这位病人很困惑。于是她回答出了理由。reply意为“回答”。故选C。 13．A.goal B．given C．push D．greeting B　她认为护理团队护理她是理所当然的事。因为昨天有人给她做了头发，所以她要为此付钱。故选B。 14．A.risking B．changing C．saving D．building C　对于很多医护人员来说，救命是工作的一部分。故选C。 15．A.honour B．ability C．opening D．extra D　尽管救命对于医生来说是工作的本分，但给人做头发就是分外之事，应该被得到奖赏。故选D。 十五、(2021·全国甲卷改编) It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria，Canada. Burchill was __1__ at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area.They had asked him to __2__ some pepperoni(辣香肠)from back east.So he __3__ a suitcase full of pepperoni.As he was __4__ that it would be too warm，he __5__ it out on the table near an open window.He thought his pepperoni was safe and well chilled(冷却)and he __6__． That's when things went __7__．“I remember walking down the long __8__ and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls，” Burchill said in a recent letter of apology to the 4-star hotel.“The seagulls immediately went __9__．They rushed to the window，30 or 40 birds all trying to __10__ at the same time，and pepperoni—everywhere.The curtains were falling down，the lamps were falling down.It was a real __11__．” Older and wiser now，Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion(莽撞). “I have __12__ and I admit responsibility for my actions，” he said in the letter.“I come to you，__13__，to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to __14__ my lifetime ban from the hotel.” His letter __15__．Banned from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back，the Fairmont said. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Burchill住酒店时，给朋友携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把Burchill列入了黑名单，Burchill被终身禁止入住该酒店。Burchill诚恳地写了道歉信，请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。最终，他的信起作用了。 1．A.studying B．staying C．looking D．packing D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A.studying研究；B.staying停留；C.looking看；D.packing包装。根据“Burchill was __1__ at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area.”及生活常识可知，Burchill出差住在酒店，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友，自然是在酒店收拾行李。故选D。 2．A.sell B．have C．bring D．taste C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。A.sell卖；B.have有；C.bring带来；D.taste品尝。根据“So he __3__ a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，Burchill的朋友让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。故选C。 3．A.filled B．locked C．abandoned D．lost A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。A.filled装满；B.locked锁上；C.abandoned抛弃；D.lost丢失。根据“a suitcase full of pepperoni”和“They rushed to the window，30 or 40 birds all trying to __10__ at the same time，and pepperoni—everywhere.”可知，他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。故选A。 4．A.surprised B．pleased C．excited D．worried D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。A.surprised感到惊讶的；B.pleased高兴的；C.excited兴奋的；D.worried担心的。根据“he __5__ it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他担心意大利香肠会太热，所以把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。故选D。 5．A.dug B．cleared C．cut D．laid D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。A.dug挖；B.cleared 清除；C.cut切下；D.laid放。根据“it out on the table near an open window”可知，他把它放在桌子上。故选D。 6．A.left B．nodded C．waited D．regretted A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。A.left离开；B.nodded点头；C.waited等待；D.regretted后悔。根据“‘I remember walking down the long __8__ and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls，’ Burchill said in a recent letter of apology to the 4-star hotel.” 可知，Burchill离开了。故选A。 7．A.far B．funny C．wrong D．blind C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事情就在这时出了问题。A.far远的；B.funny有趣的；C.wrong失常的；D.blind盲目的。根据“The seagulls immediately went __9__．They rushed to the window，30 or 40 birds all trying to __10__ at the same time，and pepperoni—everywhere.The curtains were falling down，the lamps were falling down.It was a real __11__．”可知，事情就在这时出了问题。故选C。 8．A.beach B．driveway C．hall D．table C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得我走过长长的大厅，打开房门，发现满满一群海鸥。”A.beach海滩；B.driveway私人车道；C.hall大厅；D.table桌子。根据“and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls”可知，Burchill走过长长的大厅。故选C。 9．A.hungry B．dead C．missing D．wild D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海鸥立刻变得疯狂起来。A.hungry饥饿的；B.dead死亡的；C.missing失踪的；D.wild疯狂的。根据“They rushed to the window，30 or 40 birds all trying to __10__ at the same time，and pepperoni—everywhere.”可知，海鸥被突然回到房间的Burchill吓到了，变得疯狂起来。故选D。 10．A.wake up B．get out C．take off D．break in B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香肠。A.wake up 醒来；B.get out出去；C.take off起飞；D.break in 闯入。根据“They rushed to the window”及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。 11．A.mess B．puzzle C．fight D．challenge A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：窗帘在落下，灯也在落下，真是一团糟。A.mess混乱；B.puzzle不解之谜；C.fight打架；D.challenge挑战。根据“The curtains were falling down，the lamps were falling down”可知，现场一片混乱。故选A。 12．A.recovered B．retired C．escaped D．matured D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我是成年人了，我承认对自己的行为负责，”他在信中说。A.recovered恢复；B.retired退休；C.escaped逃跑；D.matured成熟，成为成年人。根据“and I admit responsibility of my actions.”可知，这里意思是Burchill认为自己是成年人了。故选D。 13．A.hands in pockets B．nose in the air C．hat in hand D．feet on the ground C　考查固定短语辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A.hands in pocket手放在口袋里；B.nose in the air目中无人；C.hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；D.feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据“to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to __14__ my lifetime ban from the hotel”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬地。故选C。 14．A.replace B．remember C．reconsider D．renew C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A.replace取代；B.remember记得；C.reconsider重新考虑；D.renew更新。根据“my lifetime ban from the hotel”和“Banned from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back，the Fairmont said.”可知，Burchill请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。故选C。 15．A.arrived B．worked C．ended D．disappeared B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的信起作用了。A.arrived 到达；B.worked起作用；C.ended结束；D.disappeared消失。根据“Banned from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back，the Fairmont said.”可知，他的信起作用了。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $