第一部分 专题五 介词和介词短语 -【成功方案】2025年高考英语艺术生文化课总复习教师用书(Word)

专题五　介词和介词短语 1．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ________ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. by　考查介词。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。“by＋具体数值”表示“以(某一差值)”，此处指“以一到两分的优势”，符合语境。故填by。 2．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Nothing in my life before prepared me ________ this one—and to be sure，the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. for　考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb.for...“使某人为……做好准备”，固定搭配。故填for。 3．(2025·1月浙江首考)Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ________ the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill. on　考查介词。句意：如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手的这一事实，而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿，并且不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当，也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。focus on是固定短语，意为“关注，聚焦于”。故填on。 4．(2025·北京卷)After all，exploring the world shouldn't come ________ the planet's expense.　 at　考查固定搭配。句意：毕竟，探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。at one's expense“以…… 为代价”是固定搭配。故填at。 5．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands ________ a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path... as　考查介词。句意：玻璃屋是当代设计的一大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在一条小路的尽头……。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。 6．(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility ________ saving their environment. for　考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for“对……负责”。故填for。 7．(2023·全国乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern.From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ________ royal palaces，it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads. to　考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3 000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。 8．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed ________ hand rather than rolled. by　考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。 9．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)And who do they speak English ________？ with　考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，根据句意此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意“与某人交谈”。故填with。 10．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve ________ an umbrella species(物种)，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. as　句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。 11．(2022·全国甲卷)Now，Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.He flew 4，700 kilometers ________ Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20. from　句意：9月20日，他从4 700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi'an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from...to...表示“从……到……”。故填from。 12．(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day，which was named officially ________ the United Nations on November 27th，2019. by　句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be＋过去分词＋by”。故填by。 13．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)In his spare time though he goes on stage ________ pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. beside　句意：在业余时间，他登上舞台在钢琴家玛丽亚·拉斯波波娃的旁边，不是作为一位音乐家而是一位翻页师。根据句意应该是在……旁边，故填beside。 14．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)A lot of skills are needed ________ the job. for　句意：这份工作需要很多技能。for表示“为了得到”。 15．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)He's interested ________ the music，feeling every note. in　句意：他对音乐很感兴趣，能感受到每一个音符。be interested in “对……感兴趣”，为固定搭配。 16．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The twins were filled ________ excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother's Day. with　句意：双胞胎一想到他们为母亲节准备的惊喜就充满了喜悦、兴奋。be filled with “充满”。 17．(2021·全国甲卷)________ my beloved beaches and endless blue sky days，I felt at a loss and out of place. Without　句意：没有我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到茫然、无助。根据句意可知应填Without。 18．(2021·全国甲卷)Who is a genius？This question has greatly interested humankind ________ centuries. for　句意：谁是天才？这个问题几个世纪以来引起了人们的极大地兴趣。for centuries “几个世纪”。 19．(2021·全国甲卷)They look up ________ great thinkers. to　句意：他们尊敬伟大的思想家。look up to “尊敬，尊重”，固定搭配。 20．(2021·全国甲卷)It's the best way to get rid ________ your used clothes，score clothes from your friends，and have a party all at the same time. of　句意：这是最好的摆脱旧衣服，并从朋友那获得新衣服的方式。get rid of “去除，去掉，摆脱”。 考点一　表示时间的介词 1．表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点或重大节日之前；on用于某一天，特指某一天的上、下午或晚上；in用于表示周、月、季节、年，泛指的上午、下午、晚上。 2．表示期限等用before，(from...)to，by，until，till before指“在……之前”；by在……前(时间)，截止(到)……；until(till)直到……为止(时间)。 3．表示期间等用for，during，over，through for引导一段时间，强调时间由始至终，可译为“(时间)长达……”，一般与有长度的时间短语连用，如for three weeks，for a long time等；during意为“在……(时间)内”的行为或状态，与一段时间的整体连用，如during the spring，during last year，during 1980等，也可以和表示延续性事件的名词连用，如during my childhood，during our stay，during his visit等；over“在……期间”，后面接的名词没有明确的开始和结束的时间。如over the meal；through意为“一直……”(从开始到结束)，through the winter vacation整个寒假。 4．表示时间的经过等用after，in，within after表示“在……之后”，是before的反义词。如果用于过去时，用after＋一段时间；in“过……后”，后接一段时间，通常用于一般将来时。也就是说，after与in后跟一段时间时的区别在于时间起点的不同。 She went to Nanjing last May，and she came back after a month. 去年五月她去了南京，一个月之后她又回来了。 It will be ready in a week. 只需一周的时间就能准备好。 考点二　表示地点、方位的介词 1．in，outside，between，among 介词 含义 in 在……里面 outside 在……外面 between 在……之间(指两者) among 在……之间(指三者及三者以上) 【温馨提示】　如果指三个及三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时，仍然要用between。 Switzerland lies between France，Italy，Austria and Germany. 瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。 2．on，above，over，below，under，beneath 3．in front of，in the front of，behind，around in front of在……前面；in the front of表示“在……前部”，指里面；behind在……后面；around在……周围，围绕。 4．from，to，for 介词 含义 例句 from “从……”，以及“时间或地点的起始点” She will fly from Beijing to Shanghai. 她将从北京飞往上海。 to 到……(目的地)去，向…… He went to Shanghai.他去上海了。 for 向……，表目的、方向 He left for Tianjin on business yesterday. 他昨天出差去天津了。 5．along，across，through 介词 含义 例句 along 沿着 There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the street. 沿街有着各种美丽的花。 across 横穿，表示运动发生在物体的表面 It's dangerous to run across the busy road. 跑着穿越繁忙的马路是很危险的。 through 穿过，表示运动发生在某物的空间 It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel. 开车穿过这条隧道花了我们10分钟的时间。 考点三　表示工具、手段、方式的介词 1．by，in，on 三个词都表示旅行的方式。 (1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不带冠词。by sea，by water，by land，by air等。 (2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by，但名词须用单数，其前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。by bike，by taxi，by plane，by ship/boat，by train，by spaceship等。　 (3)当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。travel to New York on this plane，leave on an early train，go to school on my bike等。 【温馨提示】　步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。on foot，on horse back/on a horse，on the camel。 2．with，by，in 三个词均意为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。 (1)with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。 They are digging with a pick/spade. 他们正在用一把镐/铲挖。 We see with our eyes，hear with our ears，and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。 (2)by，in，on，over，through等多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。by hand，in ink，on the telephone，over the radio，through the telescope等。 【温馨提示】　(1)使用语言、原料、材料时用in表示：in English/Japanese；in blue ink。 (2)表达“用……方法/方式”时，所用介词分别为：in this/that/the same way；by means of；by this/that means；with this/that method。 考点四　短语介词、介词短语和介词的固定搭配 1．短语介词是指由介词＋介词、介词＋名词＋介词、介词＋分词＋介词、副词＋介词、形容词＋介词等构成的短语，常用的有：according to，along with，in front of，by means of，in spite of，together with，with regard to，in search of，in place of，for fear of，far from；next to，due to，out of，instead of等。短语介词是用作介词的短语，不可独立使用，本身不能作句子成分，后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等。 2．介词短语指的是“介词＋介词的宾语”的结构，in time，on purpose，in fact，by chance，in return等。介词短语通常在句中作定语或状语或表语。 介词的固定搭配主要体现在以下三个方面： (1)常见的几组名词和介词的搭配： attention to对……的注意；devotion to对……的奉献；a visit to对……的访问；interest in对……的兴趣；comments on对……的评论；application for对……的申请；an influence on对……的影响；confidence in对……的信心；contact with与……取得联系。 (2)动词与介词搭配的短语比较多，需要在平时的学习中逐一记忆。 dream of梦想；insist on坚持；depend on依靠；belong to属于；lead to导致；deal with处理；argue about争论；call on拜访；refer to提到。 (3)形容词与介词搭配的短语有： anxious about对……感到忧虑；nervous about因……不安；successful in在……方面很成功；dependent on依赖于……；responsible for对……负责；absent from缺席……；proud of因……自豪；famous for因……闻名；ashamed of对……感到愧疚；loyal to忠诚于……；harmful to对……有害；popular with受……欢迎。 1．Earthquake safety is very important and there is more to it ________ just keeping buildings from falling down. than　考查介词。句意：地震安全非常重要，与防止建筑物倒塌相比，还有更多的事情要做。根据句意以及空前more可知，此处为介词than，构成more...than...结构。 2．Museums must compete ________ people's spare time and money with other amusements. for　句意：博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语：compete for意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。 3．Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ________，through agriculture. in　句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived ________”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world。live in＋名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。 4．—Good morning，Mr.Lee's office. —Good morning.I'd like to make an appointment ________ next Wednesday afternoon. for　考查介词。句意：“早上好，这里是李先生的办公室。” “早上好。我想约下周三下午(和李先生)见个面。” “make an appointment for＋时间”表示“约某个时间见面或对某个时间做出预约安排”。本句中的make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon的意思是“约定下周三下午见面”。 5．Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. on　句意：我们大多数人在早晨时对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。be focused on意为“集中于……”。 6．Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat ________ their hands. with　句意：筷子并非被亚洲的所有国家(的人民)使用。例如在印度，大部分的人习惯用手吃饭。with“用……”，符合句意。 7．The mother continued to care for the young panda ________ more than two years. for　句意：这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。“for＋一段时间”作时间状语，表示“持续了一段时间”。 8．In this article，you need to back up general statements ________ specific examples. with　句意：在这篇文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。根据句意及结构可知，这里用介词with表示“用……”。 9．Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice ________ her opinion on the subject. to　句意：在讨论刚开始时，玛丽一言不发，但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的观点。give voice to“表达，吐露，发泄”，符合句意。 10．I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry ________ a conversation with her. on　句意：我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话——我总是太忙，不能和她进行会话。carry on“继续进行，从事”，符合句意。 11．Most people work because it's unavoidable.________ contrast，there are some people who actually enjoy work. By　句意：大多数人工作是因为那是不可避免的，相比之下，还有一些人是真的喜欢工作。by contrast“相比之下，对比而言”。 12．These comments came in response ________ specific questions often asked by local newsmen. to　句意：对于当地新闻记者常常问起的特定问题，这些评论正好作出了回复。in response to“作为对……的回应”。 13．Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea? to　句意：你听说过成为在陆地上和海里的动物的栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是……的栖息地”。 14．Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68 ℃ ________ the average. above　句意：去年是有记录以来最温暖的一年，全球气温超过了平均气温0.68摄氏度。根据语境可知此处表示“在……之上，高于”，所以要用介词above。 15．Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but ________ Thomas Edison. for　句意：要不是Thomas Edison，许多现在让我们获益的东西都不会存在。根据句意和该句中的虚拟语气可知答案为for。but for“要不是”。 一、(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词。 My husband and I just spent a week 1.________ Paris.Our aim was to see if we could live，2.________ some way，like real Parisians.So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth floor apartment the size 3.________ a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway. The place wasn't entirely authentic，though.Unlike a normal Parisian apartment，the plumbing(水管)worked.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.Our building even had a tiny lift 4.________ a female voice that said，“Ouverture des portes，” in perfect French.That is the only French phrase I mastered，and it's a shame I don't have much use 5.________ it. Parisians are different 6.________ you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago，they eat great food and never gain weight.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.French strawberries do not taste 7.________ cardboard.Instead，they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.On our first morning in Paris，I went around the corner 8.________ the food market to pick up some groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost $18! In France，quality of life is much more important than efficiency(效率).You can tell this by café life.French cafés are always crowded.Not all the customers are tourists.When do these people work？The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal 9.________ a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be 10.________ call. 1．in　在巴黎。 2．in　in some way “在某种程度上”。 3．of　the size of “……的大小”。 4．with　with “附带有”。 5．for　表示“对……来说”。 6．from　be different from “与……不同”。 7．like　意为“像……一样”。 8．to　意为“到达……”。 9．with　意为“与……交易”。 10．on　on call “待命，随叫随到”。 二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词。 With a history of more than 2，000 years，the Silk Route dates back to Han dynasty.Through this route，the Chinese highly 1.________(qualify)silk made its fame to the western countries.The merchants in different regions 2.________(seek)the opportunity of trading Chinese silk 3.________ they indeed made their fortune along this route. That route functioned 4.________ the life blood of international trade at that time.Meanwhile，the Chinese civilization was introduced to the Western countries and vice versa.The Silk Route 5.________(consider)as a new chapter recording the friendship between the European and Asian peoples. Throughout all these years，many great figures have made great 6.________(contribute)to the development of the Silk Route.Today，the Silk Route has a poetic name 7.________(call)One Belt One Road，8.________(aim)to help those connected regions in culture and economy exchange with a more advanced road.The main cities alongside it are becoming 9.________(large)and more important in helping trade and culture exchange.Many countries have gained great benefits along the trading process.All in all，the ancient Silk Road is more like 10.________ historical textbook for everyone to read and to know about what happened during that ancient time.It has been playing a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丝绸之路的历史以及重要作用。 1．qualified　考查形容词。句意：通过这条路线，中国高品质的丝绸享誉西方。修饰名词silk应用形容词qualified，作定语。故填qualified。 2．sought　考查动词时态。句意：各地的商人都在寻找交易中国丝绸的机会，他们确实在这条路上发了财。根据后文they indeed made可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填sought。 3．and　考查连词。句意同上。结合前后文语境可知，前后是并列关系，应用连词and。 4．as　考查介词。句意：那条路线在当时是国际贸易的命脉。短语function as表示“充当”。故填as。 5．was considered　考查动词短语。句意：丝绸之路被认为是记录欧亚人民友谊的新篇章。动词短语be considered as表示“被认为是”，且发生在过去，用一般过去时，主语为The Silk Route，谓语用单数。故填was considered。 6．contributions　考查名词。句意：这些年来，许多伟大的人物为丝绸之路的发展做出了巨大的贡献。作动词的宾语，应用名词contribution，短语make great contributions to表示“做出了巨大的贡献”。故填contributions。 7．called　考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，丝绸之路有了一个诗意的名字——“一带一路”，旨在帮助那些在文化和经济上相互联系的地区进行更先进的交流。此处name与call构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填called。 8．aiming　考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，aim与逻辑主语One Belt One Road构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填aiming。 9．larger　考查比较级。句意：沿线的主要城市规模越来越大，在促进贸易和文化交流方面也越来越重要。根据后文more important可知，应用比较级。故填larger。 10．a　考查冠词。句意：总而言之，古丝绸之路更像是一本历史教科书，每个人都可以阅读，了解古代发生的事情。此处textbook为泛指，且historical是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $