第一部分 专题四 形容词与副词-【成功方案】2025年高考英语艺术生文化课总复习教师用书(Word)

专题四　形容词与副词 1．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces，the beauty in the ________ (strategy) placement of the pieces，and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings，sculptures，________ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. strategic；digitally　第一空，考查形容词。句意：屠说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic。第二空，考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。 2．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Chickens are always free-range，and ________ (center) heating doesn't exist. central　考查形容词。句意：鸡总是散养的，而且集中供暖不存在。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。 3．(2025·北京卷)I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick.It's ________ (peace)，especially around sunset. peaceful　考查形容词。句意：我喜欢和我的狗尼克在森林里散步。这里很宁静，尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语，“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”，意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。 4．(2025·北京卷) Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly ________ (long). longer　考查比较级。句意：也许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是多睡一会儿。此处表示“多睡一会儿”，应用比较级longer，表示“更久”。故填longer。 5．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ________(function)structure that is also beautiful. functional　考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 6．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather，the structure stays ________(close)to protect the plants. closed　考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 7．(2023·全国乙卷)The ________(remark)development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. remarkable　考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。 8．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers，encasing hot，________(taste)soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. tasty　考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。 9．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，one steamer is ________(rare)enough，yet two seems greedy，so I am always left wanting more next time. rarely　考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。 10．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017，right before the arrival of the two new pandas，Meng Meng and Jiao Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ________(confidence)speaking English. confident　考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。 11．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________(visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China. visiting　考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。 12．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)________(basic)，how to describe a panda's life. Basically　考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。 13．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas，and ________(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. eventually　句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。 14．(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years.Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa's ________(high)mountain. highest　句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa's可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。 15．(2022·全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the ________(large)tea-producing country，it can help to build a community with a shared future for mankind，” he said. largest　句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。 16．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It will ________(undoubted)help you get refreshed(重新焕发活力)! undoubtedly　句意：这无疑将会帮助你重新焕发活力。此处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词will help，故应填undoubtedly，意为“无疑地”。 17．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the ________(hot)the spring(is)! hotter　此处考查形容词比较级的用法，此句中包含“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”句型，意为“越……越……”。 18．(2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment(防御设备)at the wall，we decided it was time for some action and what ________(good)than to ride on a piece of history. better　根据空白处后面的than可知，此处应用good的比较级。 19．(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours，but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ________(day)routines. daily　此处作定语修饰后面的名词routines，故应用形容词daily。 20．(2021·全国乙卷)Provide ________(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples. financial　此处应用形容词修饰名词aid。 考点一　形容词变副词的规则 情况 构成 例词 一般情况下 加-ly quick→quickly； brave→bravely 以辅音字母加-y结尾 变y为i 再加-ly easy→easily； happy→happily 以-le结尾 去e加-y simple→simply； gentle→gently 以元音字母加-e结尾 去e加-ly true→truly 以-ll结尾 只加-y full→fully； dull→dully 考点二　形容词、副词的比较等级 1．形容词、副词比较级、最高级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good，well better best bad，badly worse worst far farther(指距离) further(指距离和抽象概念) farthest(指距离) furthest(指距离和抽象概念) many，much more most little less least 2．原级比较 (1)as＋形容词(副词)原级＋as...和……一样； not as/so＋形容词(副词)原级＋as...不如……。 John plays football as well as，if not better than，David.约翰踢足球如果说不比大卫强，至少和他踢得一样好。 (2)as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...跟……一样…… Our neighbor has as big a house as ours. 我们邻居的房子和我们的一样大。 3．比较级 (1)比较级＋than...比……更；less...than不如……。 This year they have produced less grain than they did last year. 他们今年生产的谷物比去年少。 (2)the＋比较级，the＋比较级，越……，越……。 It's believed that the harder you work，the better result you'll get. 人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。 (3)the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词/代词“两者中较……的”。 Who is the younger of the two boys? 这两个男孩中较小的是谁？ (4)the last表示“最不可能的”、“最不适合的”、“最不希望的”等。 The last thing I want to do is to offend you. 我最不愿做的事情就是冒犯你。 (5)“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义。 I've never heard a better voice than yours. 我从未听到过比你的更好的嗓音。 4．最高级 最高级是表示在三者或更多者中程度最高的比较方式 (1)the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋表示范围的短语或从句 Jack is the tallest student in his class. 杰克是他班上最高的学生。 He is the fastest runner of the three boys. 他是这三个男孩中跑得最快的。 This is the most boring book I've ever read. 这是我读过的最乏味的书。 (2)one of the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数＋表示范围的短语或从句 China is one of the largest countries in the world.中国是世界上最大的国家之一。 【温馨提示】　介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围。如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in；如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。China is the largest country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。 China is the largest one of all the Asian countries. 中国是亚洲所有国家中最大的。 考点三　倍数的表达方式 1．倍数＋as＋形容词(副词)原级＋as... My income is twice as much as yours. 我的收入是你的2倍。 2．倍数＋the size/length/width/depth/height of... My house is twice the size of his. 我的房子是他的两倍大。 3．倍数＋that of The size of my house is twice that of his. 我的房子是他的两倍大。 In this factory，the output of July is 4 times that of January. 这个工厂七月份的产量是元月份的四倍。 4．倍数＋比较级＋than The output of cars in 2012 is 4 times greater than that in 2011. 2012年小轿车产量是2011年的4倍。 考点四　形容词、副词词义辨析 1．对于形容词和副词辨析类问题，考生一定要弄懂各个选项的词义和词性差别，并结合语境选择符合句意的单词。对于考查形容词在句中功能的问题，要通过分析句子结构来解决。 One afternoon，while attempting to get into bed she collapsed(倒下)from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. 一天下午，当她试图上床的时候跌倒了，最终被发现是得了心脏病。 In this article，you need to back up general statements with specific examples.在这篇文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。 I come to you，hat in hand，to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused. 我恭敬地为我间接造成的损害向您道歉。 She has already tried her best.Please don't be too particular about her job. 她已经尽力了，请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。 2．除了副词词义辨析外，yet(但是)，besides(此外，而且)，still(仍然)，though(虽然)，however(然而)，meanwhile(与此同时)，therefore/thus(因此，所以)，moreover/furthermore/additionally(此外)，anyway/anyhow(尽管，即使这样)也是高频考点。解答此类题目首先要把握副词词义，然后采用句子翻译法，分析前后两句的逻辑关系，从而得出正确答案。 In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner.在业余时间，他登上舞台在钢琴家玛丽亚·拉斯波波娃的旁边，不是作为一位音乐家而是一位翻页师。 Mike was usually so careful，yet this time he made a small mistake. 迈克通常很仔细，但这次他犯了个小错误。 The hotel is almost finished，but it still needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests. 酒店已基本完成，但仍需要一两周时间为客人的到来做准备。 考点五　形容词(短语)作状语 形容词或形容词短语可作原因、时间、结果、伴随状语。 After a long journey，the three of them got back home，hungry and tired.经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。(表伴随) Afraid of being caught，the thief hid himself in the corner. 由于担心被人捉住，小偷躲在角落里。(表原因) 【温馨提示】　形容词或形容词短语在句子中作状语，通常表示主语的状态，而副词在句子中作修饰性状语时，则修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。 做比较： He answered honestly that he couldn't do the work. 他诚实地回答到他不会干那工作。 Honest and confident，the boy never tells lies and he is always sure of his success. 作为一个诚实自信的人，这男孩从不撒谎，他一直坚信他会成功。 1．It's a good idea to choose a(n)________(alternate)destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available. alternative　句意：如果你首选的旅游景点没有了，选择一个替代目的地是一个好主意。此处alternative替代的。根据下文“destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available”可知此处指替代目的地，应用alternative。　 2．While rock-climbing，you need to remain very ________ (focus) so that you won't make any dangerous errors. focused　句意：在攀岩的时候，你需要保持非常专注，这样你就不会犯任何危险的错误。此处focused专注的。根据下文“so that you won't make any dangerous errors”可知要想不犯任何危险的错误，攀岩的时候需要保持专注，focused符合语境。故填focused。 3．This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside，including ________(low)levels of income and education，higher costs of healthy foods，and fewer sports facilities. lower　句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。 4．One study looked at 26，000 individuals in 26 European countries and found remarkably ________(high)life-satisfaction among those who lived near diverse bird habitats. higher　考查形容词的比较级。句意：一项研究调查了26个欧洲国家的2.6万人，发现住在各种鸟类栖息地附近的人生活满意度明显更高。此处将住在各种鸟类栖息地附近的人和没有住在各种鸟类栖息地附近的人相比较，用形容词比较级higher作定语，修饰life-satisfaction。故填higher。 5．One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their ________(fine)work，so that he could choose the best. finest　句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。　 6．A lot of problems are associated with overusing our digital devices，from eye health and issues of mental health to addiction and ________(education)difficulties. educational　考查形容词。句意：许多问题都与过度使用数字设备有关，从眼睛健康和心理健康问题到成瘾和教育困难。此处要用形容词educational“教育的”，作前置定语，修饰名词difficulties。 故填educational。 7．To make taijiquan ________(increase)popular，Chen also developed a simplified version of some of the moves to help people relax at the office. increasingly　考查副词。句意：为了让太极拳越来越受欢迎，陈还开发了一些简化版的动作，以帮助人们在办公室放松。空处修饰形容词popular，应用副词increasingly，表示“越来越多地”，作状语。故填increasingly。 8．The police searched the area for several days.________ (eventual)，they found the piece of evidence they were looking for. Eventually　句意：警察在这一地区搜查了好几天。最终，他们找到了他们一直在努力寻找的证据。分析句意，警察一直在努力找证据，努力有了结果，最终找到了，故填Eventually。 9．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ________ (safe) wait for the police to take her home. safely　句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。 10．As working from home becomes ________ (increasing) common，people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career. increasingly　句意：随着在家工作变得越来越普遍，人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易。根据下文“people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career”可知人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易，是因为在家工作变得越来越普遍。故填increasingly。 11．But 30 years later，the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ________(sharp). sharply　句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。 12．Landing on the moon's far side is ________(extreme)challenging. extremely　句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。 13．Bamboo：Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office.________(certain)during the holiday period，this plant is a must. Certainly　句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语作时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式作状语。故填Certainly。 14．As the small boat moved ________(gentle)along the river，he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.　 gently　句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。 15．It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ________(poor)studied；however，biologists calculate that there are about 20，000-25，000 polar bears worldwide. poorly　根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。 一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The ancient Chinese built two great engineering wonders：the Great Wall and the Grand Canal(运河).The Great Wall's function in military defense 1.________(fade)over time，but the Grand Canal remains an important means of cultural communication. The Grand Canal，2.________(consist)of three sections，runs more than 2，000 kilometers from north to south across China.It is about 16 times 3.________ size of the Suez Canal in Egypt and 33 times longer than the Panama Canal.In ancient times，the Grand Canal served 4.________ the main route for grain transport and every kind of economic and cultural exchange.It also 5.________(significant)shortened the time consuming journeys of laborers and materials for the construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing. Now，it has inspired the name of Chenchen，one of the three mascots of the Hangzhou Asian Games.Chenchen，6.________(name)after the Gongchen Bridge，7.________ crosses the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal，is colored blue to represent science and technology. The Hangzhou section stretches a total 8.________(long)of 39 kilometers and is home to 11 of the canal's total 58 historic sites.Visitors can take a boat trip on the ancient waterway to enjoy the 9.________(drama)landscape of Jiangnan water town.Besides，three neighboring places along the Canal—Dadou Road Historic District，Xiaohezhi Street，and Qiaoxi Historic Street 10.________(recommend)for a free walk. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大运河的历史、功能、影响以及与杭州亚运会吉祥物宸宸的关联。 1．has faded　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：随着时间的推移，长城在军事防御方面的作用已经减弱，但大运河仍然是文化交流的重要手段。根据时间状语over time“随着时间的推移”可知，句子应用现在完成时，句子主语function为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has faded。 2．consisting　考查非谓语动词。句意：大运河由三段组成，纵贯中国南北，全长2000多公里。分析句子可知，空处应在句中作定语，动词consist与被修饰词The Grand Canal构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填consisting。 3．the　考查冠词。句意：它大约是埃及苏伊士运河的16倍，是巴拿马运河的33倍。It is＋倍数＋the size of “是……的几倍大”是固定句式。故填the。 4．as　考查介词。句意：在古代，大运河是粮食运输和各种经济文化交流的主要通道。serve as“用作；充当”是固定短语。故填as。 5．significantly　考查副词。句意：它还大大缩短了北京紫禁城建设所需的劳动力和材料的耗时之旅。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词shortened，应用副词significantly“显著地”。故填significantly。 6．named　考查非谓语动词。句意：宸宸，因横跨大运河杭州段的拱宸大桥而得名，用蓝色表示科学技术。分析句子可知，空处在句中作定语，动词name与被修饰词Chenchen构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词的形式。故填named。 7．which　考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处应用关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Chenchen，并在从句中做主语，指代物，应用关系代词which。 8．length　考查名词。句意：杭州段全长39公里，运河58处历史遗迹中有11处位于杭州。根据a可知，空处应填单数名词length“长度”，a total length of“总长度为”。故填length。 9．dramatic　考查形容词。句意：游客可以在古老的水道上乘船游览，欣赏江南水乡的壮丽景观。分析句子可知，空处应用形容词dramatic“壮观的，引人注目的”在句中作定语。故填dramatic。 10．are recommended　考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：此外，运河沿线三个相邻的地方——大兜路历史街区、小河之街和桥西历史街区——被推荐用来自由行走。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时。动词recommend与句子主语three neighboring places构成逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态，主语three neighboring places为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are recommended。 二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Delicate，shining，and soft to the touch.The fabric called silk 1.________(find)its way into the heart of Chinese people in the past thousands of years.2.________ origin of it is not clear，but the ancient Chinese people 3.________(credit)their own wisdom to Leizu，wife of the Yellow Emperor，as the inventor of sericulture(养蚕业). The style and texture(质地)of silk are 4.________(variety).Hangluo satin from Hangzhou，Zhejiang province，is famous for its airy and thin texture，5.________ Yunjin brocade from Nanjing，Jiangsu province，a luxurious fabric often 6.________(use)for royal clothes，represents China's silk weaving(纺织)technique at its best time.Yunjin brocade is best made 7.________hand，in a complex procedure that comprises more than a hundred steps.Even the most skilled artisans can only weave a few centimeters a day. In the Western Han Dynasty(206 BC—AD 24)，with Zhang Qian 8.________(open)up the routes to the western regions，silk graced countries in Central Asia，and later other parts of Eurasia and beyond.9.________(appropriate)，its name marked China's major international trade 10.________(route)，the ancient Silk Road and Maritime Silk Road. As one of the wonders of ancient China，silk is not merely a type of fabric but a cultural symbol and a representative of elegance. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丝绸的历史以及重要作用。 1．has found　考查时态。句意：在过去的几千年里，这种被称为丝绸的织物已经进入了中国人的内心。根据后文in the past thousands of years可知为现在完成时，主语为The fabric called silk，助动词用has。故填has found。 2．The　考查冠词。句意：它的起源并不清楚，但中国古人把自己的智慧归功于黄帝的妻子嫘祖，她是养蚕的发明者。此处特指丝绸的起源应用定冠词the，首字母大写。故填The。 3．credited　考查时态。句意同上。结合the ancient Chinese people，事情已发生，谓语动词credit用一般过去时。故填credited。 4．various　考查形容词。句意：丝绸的式样和质地多种多样。作表语，应用形容词various。故填various。 5．while/and　考查连词。句意：来自浙江杭州的杭锦绸以其轻盈的质地而闻名，而来自江苏南京的云锦，一种经常用于皇室服装的奢华面料，代表了中国丝绸编织技术的最佳时期。此处前后表示对比或并列，可用并列连词while或and。故填while/and。 6．used　考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知非谓语动词use与逻辑主语fabric构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填used。 7．by　考查介词。句意：云锦是最好的手工织锦，在一个复杂的程序，包括一百多个步骤。短语by hand表示“手工”。故填by。 8．opening　考查非谓语动词。句意：西汉时期(公元前206年—公元24年)，随着张骞开辟西域之路，丝绸在中亚、欧亚大陆乃至更远的地区风靡一时。with复合结构，此处Zhang Qian和非谓语动词open为逻辑主动关系，故open用现在分词形式作宾补。故填opening。 9．Appropriately　考查副词。句意：它的名字恰如其分地代表了中国主要的国际贸易路线——古丝绸之路和海上丝绸之路。修饰后文句子应用副词appropriately作状语，首字母大写。故填Appropriately。 10．routes　考查名词的数。句意同上。根据后文the ancient Silk Road and Maritime Silk Road可知，名词route应用复数形式。故填routes。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $