内容正文:
专题七 动词的时态和语态
1.(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“The players' personalities ________ (reveal) during the game,and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.“A decent winner always ________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side.”
are revealed;tries 第一空,考查动词语态。句意:她补充说:“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来,一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The players' personalities与动词reveal“揭示,显示”为被动关系,所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态,主语为复数,be动词用are。故填are revealed。第二空,考查时态和主谓一致。句意:一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手,以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知,本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,主语a decent winner为第三人称单数,所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
2.(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)I've experienced things that really surprise me at times.The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ________ (be) one of them.
is 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我经历过一些真正让我感到惊讶的事情。晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数,be动词用is。故填is。
3.(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________ (leave) to sun for a day,well,you're missing out on one of life's wonders.
left 考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”,那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced,此处应用非谓语动词,a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填left。
4.(2025·1月浙江首考)The concept ________ (be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers,it is just taking off.
is 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来,男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说,它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语,句子陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,主语The concept是单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。
5.(2025·1月浙江首考)By the time you brushed your teeth,you ________ (make) several decisions even without noticing.Some choices are quick,while others take more thought.Usually, better outcomes ________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
had made;are achieved 第一空,考查时态。句意:当你刷牙的时候,你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。有些选择很快,而另一些则需要更多的考虑。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知,此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作,时态应用过去完成时,谓语用had made。故填had made。第二空,考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:通常,通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略,可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知,此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作,时态应用一般现在时;主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态;主语better outcomes是复数,be动词应用are。故填are achieved。
6.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________(walk)visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,...
walks 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:此外,围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程……。walk sb.through意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
7.(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ________(employ)today to draw attention to important truths.
be employed 考查语态。句意:卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式,已经代代相传,今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
8.(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years,I ________(amaze)by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产)while constantly growing.
was amazed 考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
9.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city,which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,________(mean)there is always something new to discover here,and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
means 考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“development”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
10.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As a little girl,I ________(wish)to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
wished 考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
11.(2022· 新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________(be)previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
were 句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
12.(2022· 全国乙卷)The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________(address)the opening ceremony.
addressed 句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故填addressed。
13.(2021· 全国甲卷)We ________(hire)our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky but did the job.
hired 考查时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,根据上下文可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
14.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him,but research indicates that the numbers ________(rise)for some time.
have been rising 句意:很难确切地说有多少人认同他,但是研究表明有一段时间人数增长了。由for some time可知应用完成时,再根据句意可知应用完成进行时。
15.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The parts of a museum open to the public ________(call)galleries or rooms.
are called 考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观实际,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
16.(2020·江苏卷)If you look at all sides of the situation,you'll find probably a solution that ________(suit)everyone.
suits 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。that 引导定语从句,在从句中做主语,该从句的先行词是单数可数名词solution,所以从句谓语动词为单数第三人称形式。该句是在陈述事实,所以用一般现在时。
17.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ________(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.
recommended 考查一般过去时。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填recommended。
18.(2018·北京卷)Susan had quit her well paid job and ________(work)as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
was working 考查时态。when引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时。本题表示去年“我”去看望她时她正在进行的动作。句意:去年我去看望苏珊的时候,她已经辞去了高薪工作,正在社区做志愿工作。
19.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ________(report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
have reported 考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填have reported。
20.(2019·天津卷)I ________(hope)to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldn't manage it.
had hoped 考查过去完成时。句意:我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的,可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn't”用的是一般过去时,had hoped正好表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
21.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)Since 2011,the country ________(grow)more corn than rice.
has grown 考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语since 2011可知句子用现在完成时,主语the country是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用has grown。
22.(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________(trap)in the mountains for two days.
had been trapped 考查时态。根据risked可知,主句用了一般过去时,表示冒险救人的动作发生在过去,因此游客被困在山里也应该是过去的事情;由此可知,表示游客在被救之前已经被困了两天了。由于动作发生在过去的过去,故用过去完成时,由于是被困,故用被动语态。句意:一位救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。
23.(2018·浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I ________(shock)when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
was shocked 考查时态和语态。根据后面的learnt可知,此处说的是过去的事,故用一般过去时;而I与shock是被动关系,故用被动语态。
24.(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall ________(be)the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history.
is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据后半句“has survived China's long history”可知,应用一般现在时。主语为the Xi'an City Wall,故用is。
25.(2021·全国甲卷)It ________(build)originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).
was built 考查时态和语态。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知,空格处为谓语,动词build和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done),根据句意和时间状语the Tang Dynasty可知,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,主语it为第三人称单数,主谓一致,故填was built。
1.学习动词的时态和语态时,切不可脱离实际运用的语境,一味死记硬背语法规则的条条框框。了解了八种常用时态的一些常用规则后,要留心以英语为母语者在实际生活中如何使用各种时态和语态。
2.建立时态的时、体概念(“时”即现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将来时;每个时又分四个“体”,即一般体、进行体、完成体、完成进行体)。
3.解决时态和语态问题,要遵循如下解题思路:
(1)这件事情说的是什么时候的事情或情况(定“时”)。
(2)这个动作处于什么状态,是完成了,还是未完成,还是既不表完成又不表进行(定“体”)。
(3)这个动词与主语的关系,是主动还是被动(定“语态”)。
考点一 一般现在时的基本用法
1.经常性或习惯性的动作,常与usually,often,always,every day,sometimes,once a month,never,on Mondays等时间状语连用。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
每天早上我七点离开家。
2.以here,there等开头的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。
Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.
车来了。
3.在时间、条件和让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
He will come if you invite him.
如果你请他,他会来的。
I can give you some advice if you listen to me.如果你愿意听我的话,我可以给你些建议。
4.表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作,通常有表示将来的时间状语。只限于少数动词能这样用,如begin,start,end,finish,stop,go,come,leave,sail,arrive,return,close,open等。
The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at 1:20.
飞机十一点半起飞,一点二十分抵达上海。
Classes begin at 8 o'clock.八点开始上课。
考点二 一般过去时的基本用法
1.表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态;表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作;表示说话人原来没有想到的事等要用一般过去时。
Where did you go just now?
刚才你上哪儿去了?
When I was a child,I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Oh,it's you!I didn't think you were here.
噢,是你呀!我没料到你在这儿。
2.在下列句型中,常用动词的过去时。
(1)It is(high)time that sb.did sth.“(早)该……时候了”
It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。
(2)would rather sb.did sth.“宁愿某人做某事”
I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
3.在时间、条件和让步状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
He said he would wait until they came back.
他说他将一直等到他们回来。
考点三 一般将来时
1.will/shall+动词原形,用于表示自然而然要发生的事。shall用于第一人称,常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各种人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first?
我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
今晚七点回家好吗?
2.“be going to+动词原形”,表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事或表示有迹象要发生的事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
明天打算做什么呢?
Look at the dark clouds,and there is going to be a storm.看那乌云,暴风雨快要来了。
3.“be+不定式”表示按计划或安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4.“be about to+动词原形”意为“马上做某事”。此结构不能与tomorrow,next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
他马上要去北京。
考点四 现在进行时的基本用法
1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情;表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
We are waiting for you.我们正在等你。
Mr.Green is writing another novel.
他在写另一部小说。(说话时未必在写,只是所处的状态。)
2.与always,constantly,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有感情色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
你老是改变主意。
3.come,go,leave,arrive等表位置变化的现在进行时,通常表一般将来时。
考点五 过去进行时的基本用法
1.描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。
2.过去进行时与现在进行时相似,也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与always,forever,continually等副词连用。
They were always quarrelling.他们老是吵架。
The girl was always changing her mind.
这女孩老是改变主意。
3.表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事,常用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置转移的动词。
He told me that he was going soon.
他告诉我他很快就要走了。
考点六 现在完成时的基本用法
1.现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
Have you read that story?你读过那个故事吗?
2.表示从过去开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与for或since等时间状语连用。
I have been here for just over two years.
我到这里才两年多。
He has worked here since 1989.
自从1989年以来,他就在这里工作。
3.现在完成时可用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。
He will come as soon as he has finished his homework.他一完成作业就来。
4.句型It is the first(second,third...)time that...的that从句中,谓语动词必须用现在完成时,表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。
It is the first time that I have visited your beautiful city.这是我第一次参观这个美丽的城市。
5.This/That/It is+the+形容词最高级+名词+that...句型中,当主句动词为is/will be时,that从句的动词用现在完成时,that可以省略。
This is the best film I've ever seen.
这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。
考点七 过去完成时的基本用法
1.一件事情发生在过去,而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表“过去的过去”),那么发生在前的事情的动词须用过去完成时。时间状语可用“before+过去的时间点”等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可通过上下文来表示。
She had learned some English before she came to the institute.她在来学院前已学过一些英语。
He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.他说他在国外待了3年了。
2.表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语有:by then,by that time,until then,by the end of 2010,before 2000,by the time+句子等。
By then he had learned English for 3 years.
到那时,他已学了3年英语了。
3.Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had...done...when...;No sooner had...done...than...,when和than从句里用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,表示“刚刚……就……”,但如果no sooner/hardly放在句首就需倒装。
Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre.我们才刚刚开动,汽车的轮胎就漏气了。
4.It was/had been+一段时间+since从句。since从句中谓语用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们10年没这么高兴了。
5.That/It was the first/second...time+that从句。
that从句谓语要用过去完成时。
It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
6.表示愿望、打算一类的词hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等,其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.
我本希望在上海多看看。
I had meant to help you,but I was too busy at the moment.我本想帮你的,但当时太忙了。
考点八 完成进行时的基本用法
1.现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作,可能刚刚停止,也可能还在继续进行。
She has been teaching English since she graduated.
她毕业后一直在教英语。
注意:有的动词用现在完成时或完成进行时没有什么差别,但有些静态动词只能用现在完成时,一般不用现在完成进行时。
I have known him for many years.
我认识他有许多年了。
2.过去完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间之前开始,到过去某一时间仍在进行或刚刚结束。
I had been waiting in the room for half an hour before she called me in.在她喊我进去之前,我已经在房间里等了半个小时。
3.现在完成时和过去完成时分别表示某一动作持续到现在或过去某一时间。现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时虽然也表示一个动作持续到现在或过去某一时间,但更强调动作持续不断。表示动作的完成,只能用现在完成时,而不能用现在完成进行时。
I have been doing my homework for 2 hours.
我做了两个小时的作业了。(现在还在做)
He has changed his idea.他改变了想法。
考点九 主动语态和被动语态
做有关被动语态的题目可以分两步走:第一步确定正确的时态;第二步确定正确的语态。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系,如果是主谓关系则用主动语态,如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。
1.被动语态的构成
一般现在时:am/is/are done
一般过去时:was/were done
一般将来时:shall/will be done
现在进行时:am/is/are being done
过去进行时:was/were being done
过去将来时:should/would be done
现在完成时:has/have been done
过去完成时:had been done
In the last few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world.
过去几年中全世界有数千部影片被制作出来。
Experiments of this kind had been conducted in both the U.S.and Europe well before the Second World War.
远在二战之前此类试验就在美国和欧洲进行过。
2.“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态
His car got damaged in a road accident.
他的车在一次交通事故中被毁了。
3.主动形式表被动意义
(1)系动词look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem,appear,go,prove,turn等+形容词/名词。
The dish tastes delicious.
这道菜味道可口。
His plan proved(to be)practical.
他的计划被证明符合实际。
(2)表示主语的某种属性的词:read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,start,shut等,其主语往往是物。
—What about the books?
——这些书怎么样?
—Books of this kind sell well.
——这种书很畅销。
The door won't open.
门打不开。
The pen writes smoothly.
这只钢笔写起来流畅。
1.Mary's niece wrote,“The little home ________ (paint)white.It was sweet and fresh.Mary loved it.”
was painted 句意:这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被漆”的,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据上文的wrote可知,此处为一般过去时态;一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词;主语The little home是单数第三人称,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
2.Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here.After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861,they rented the house and ________(sell)most of their furniture.
sold 句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
3.Mark is a genius.By the time he graduated,he ________ (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies.
had been offered 句意:马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候,已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句,含By the time引导的时间状语从句,主句动作先于从句动作,且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系,是过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been offered。
4.I kept going.Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic,I'd send an email.One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________(be)Alaska Airlines Paris.
was 句意:我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中,谓语动词用单数,所以填was。
5.In cities,however,the gain ________(be)1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI.
was 句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was。
6.Readers ________ (encourage)to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume.
are encouraged 句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。根据句意可知,用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。
7.“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it ________(mean)we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ________(construct).”
means;is constructed 句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。第二空分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。
8.Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers ________(carry)special significance.
carries 分析句子结构可知,空处为从句谓语,且从句主语是动名词短语,故用单数形式,且与主句的is呼应,故用一般现在时。故填carries。
9.Their initial training ________(follow)by eight hours of nighttime sleep or wakefulness or daytime wakefulness.
was followed 考查动词时态和语态。句意:他们最初的训练之后是8小时的夜间睡眠或清醒或白天清醒。本句陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。主语Their initial training与follow之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,Their initial training作主语为,be动词应用was。故填was followed。
10.The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ________(touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
touched 句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
11.The artist was sure he would ________(choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister,the old man laughed.
be chosen 句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
12.When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist,they smiled and ________(point)down the river.
pointed 句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
13.And,as more children were born,more food ________(need).
was needed 句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
14.By about 6 000 BC,people ________(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
had discovered 句意:大约在公元前6 000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered。
15.New methods ________(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
meant 句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
一、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Shadow play(皮影戏),a folk drama active in China for over 2,000 years,is also known as “shadow puppet” or “lamp shadow play”,in which people perform stories 1.________ using puppet(木偶)shadows on lighted hide or paperboard.
The production procedures of shadow puppets usually go through the following 2.________(step):leather selection,leather making,painting,engraving,color application,sweating and ironing,binding and synthesis.Each step must be 3.________(care).
Born in the times 4.________ there was neither movie nor TV and 5.________(reach)its best days in the Qing Dynasty,shadow play 6.________(be)on the way of development to date with it seen all around China.In 2006,shadow play 7.________(list)in China's first national intangible(无形的)cultural heritage list.Since then,it has won many awards at home and abroad,which is of positive 8.________(important)to the inheritance of shadow play.
Shadow play is among the first Chinese drama arts to spread abroad.Quite a few foreign friends spoke highly of it— “I love the modeling of shadow puppets because they have a special styling.”,“I fail to understand 9.________ people are singing,but I still find it quite interesting.”,and such like that.
As for shadow play in our traditional culture,we can't let the drama 10.________(leave)to us be lost.We should let it be handed down.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了皮影戏的历史以及传承情况。
1.by 考查介词。句意:皮影戏是一种在中国活跃了2 000多年的民间戏剧,也被称为“皮影戏”或“灯影戏”,人们在发光的皮革或纸板上用木偶的影子表演故事。后跟动名词作宾语,表示“通过”应用介词by。
2.steps 考查名词复数。句意:皮影的制作过程通常要经过以下几个步骤:选皮、制皮、绘画、雕刻、上色、发汗熨烫、装订、合成。根据后文leather selection,leather making,painting,engraving,color application,sweating and ironing,binding and synthesis,说明皮影戏的制作有很多步骤,此处step用复数steps。故填steps。
3.careful 考查形容词。句意:每一步都要小心。作表语,应用形容词careful。
4.when 考查定语从句。句意:皮影戏诞生于没有电影和电视的时代,在清代达到了鼎盛时期,一直走在发展的道路上,在中国各地都能看到它。定语从句修饰先行词times,在从句作时间状语,应用when。
5.reaching 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知reach与逻辑主语shadow play构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填reaching。
6.has been 考查时态。句意同上。根据to date可知用现在完成时,主语为shadow play,助动词用has。故填has been。
7.was listed 考查被动语态。句意:2006年,皮影戏被列入中国第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文In 2006可知为一般过去时的被动语态,主语为shadow play,谓语用单数。故填was listed。
8.importance 考查名词。此后,它在国内外多次获奖,这对皮影戏的传承具有积极的意义。be of+名词=be+形容词,在文中提到这些奖项对于皮影戏的传承具有积极的重要性。故填importance。
9.what 考查名词性从句。句意:我听不懂人们在唱什么,但我还是觉得很有趣。引导宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,指物,应用what引导。
10.left 考查非谓语动词。句意:至于在我们的传统文化中的皮影戏,我们不能让留给我们的戏剧遗失。分析句子结构可知leave与逻辑主语drama构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填left。
二、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Every Wednesday afternoon,Le Duc An,a Vietnamese PhD student at Beijing University of Technology,practices calligraphy in the calligraphy group.
The 33-year-old 1.________(study)Chinese calligraphy for nearly three years.“I 2.________(expose)to Vietnamese calligraphy when I was a child,and it was one of the things that made the biggest impression on me,” An says.
When he came to Beijing in 2019 for his PhD studies focusing on the environment,he also spent time practicing Chinese calligraphy,3.________(commit)himself in earnest to the journey of learning the art.
4.________(initial),An says that he did not understand the techniques in Chinese calligraphy,but with the help of Professor Liu Hongli,he gradually came to understand the meaning behind the characters and the techniques in calligraphy.
5.________(gain)a deeper understanding of calligraphy,An has visited many ancient sites in Beijing,including the Confucius Temple and the Forbidden City.He has also participated 6.________ a number of calligraphy competitions,both at school and international events.
An says that places 7.________ he has seen treasured scrolls of calligraphy have left a profound impression,and are 8.________ major source of inspiration.“Calligraphy has become a part of me,” An says.“Whenever I see Chinese calligraphy from different 9.________(dynasty),and on sculptures and at historical sites,I find myself 10.________(impress)by the vastness and depth of Chinese culture.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要介绍了一位名叫Le Duc An的越南博士生在北京工业大学学习中国书法的经历。他从小就受到越南书法的影响,并于2019年来到北京攻读博士学位后,开始认真地学习中国书法。通过学习和参加比赛,他逐渐了解了中国书法的技巧和意义,并深受古代书法作品的启发和影响。
1.has been studying/has studied 考查时态。句意:33岁的他学习中国书法已经快三年了。分析句子,设空处使用动词作谓语,句中for nearly three years可以表述动作发生在过去对现在产生影响用现在完成时,同时也可以表示该动作在一段时间内持续发生,故使用现在完成进行时。故填has been studying/has studied。
2.was exposed 考查动词语态。句意:当我还是个孩子的时候,我接触到越南书法,这是给我留下最深刻印象的事情之一。be exposed to为固定短语,意为“接触……;暴露于……”,句中was表示动作发生于过去,故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was exposed。
3.committing 考查非谓语动词。句意:2019年,当他来到北京攻读环境博士学位时,他还花时间练习中国书法,认真地投入到学习艺术的旅程中。分析句子,句中spent为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词,此处he与commit之间是主动关系,故使用现在分词作状语。故填committing。
4.Initially 考查副词。句意:起初,An说他不懂中国书法的技巧,但在刘洪力教授的帮助下,他逐渐理解了汉字背后的含义和书法技巧。分析句子,设空处使用initial的副词initially作状语,意为“起初地”。同时该空置于句首,开头单词首字母大写。故填Initially。
5.To gain 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了更深入地了解书法,An参观了北京的许多古迹,包括孔庙和紫禁城。分析句子,句中has visited为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词,此处表示目的,故使用不定式结构作状语。同时该空置于句首,开头单词首字母大写。故填To gain。
6.in 考查介词。句意:他还参加了许多学校和国际活动的书法比赛。participate in为固定短语,意为“参与”。故填in。
7.where 考查定语从句。句意:An说,在他看到珍贵的书法卷轴的地方,留下了深刻的印象,是灵感的主要来源。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,代替先行词places在从句中作状语,应用关系副词where。
8.a 考查冠词。句意同上。分析句子,句中source为可数名词单数,意为“来源”,此处表示泛指,故设空处应该使用不定冠词。同时,其前面修饰词为major首字母为辅音音素。故填a。
9.dynasties 考查名词。句意:每当我看到中国不同朝代的书法、雕塑上的书法和历史遗迹时,我都为中国文化的博大精深所折服。分析句子,设空处使用名词作宾语,dynasty为可数名词,意为“朝代”,此处表示复数意义。故填dynasties。
10.impressed 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子,句中构成find+宾语+宾补,句中myself与impress之间的被动关系,故使用过去分词作宾补。故填impressed。
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