第02讲 非谓语动词（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题02 非谓语动词 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 8 考点一：动词不定式（重点） 8 考点二：动名词（重点） 9 考点三：分词（难点） 10 实战精练与提升 19 考情解读 一、考试要求 非谓语动词是高考非常重要的必考重难点，几乎占语法填空三分之一分值。非谓语包括动词不定式、动名词及现在分词与过去分词。要厘清非谓语构成及其各种形式。非谓语主要考查点分别有: 1. 动词不定式的正确运用，尤其是被动式、进行式和完成式的正确运用; 2. 现在分词与过去分词的区别，尤其是现在分词被动式和完成式的正确运用、现在分词与过去分词作表语、定语，宾语补是语和状语的区别以及分词在 with 复合结构及独立主格结构中的运用。 3. 动名词的正确运用:介词后接的动名词的用法，常见接动名词作宾语的动词，含动名词的常见固定句型，尤其是被动式和完成式的正确运用以及复合结构的正确识别。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 不定式（to do） 5 年 5 考 作宾语（接不定式的动词如 want/decide）、目的状语（to 表 “为了”），省 to 的情况（使役动词 let/make 后） 2026 年大概率在语法填空中考查，结合建议 / 计划类语境，侧重不定式与动名词的辨析 现在分词（doing） 5 年 4 考 表主动 / 进行（作定语、伴随状语），固定搭配（keep doing/go on doing） 2026 年语法填空中出现，依托叙事类语篇考查动作伴随关系 过去分词（done） 5 年 5 考 表被动 / 完成（作定语、状语），独立主格结构（逻辑主语 + done） 2026 年侧重语法填空，结合科技 / 社会事件语境，考查与现在分词的被动区分 动名词（doing） 5 年 3 考 作主语（It’s no use doing）、宾语（接动名词的动词如 enjoy/avoid） 2026 年可能在语法填空中出现，强化固定搭配与语境逻辑的结合 知识梳理 （一）不定式思维导图 （二）动名词思维导图 （三）分词思维导图 （四）非谓语动词成分 · 非谓语动词的形式及意义 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 不定式 一般式 to do to be done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 进行式 to be doing 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生 现在分词/动名词 完成式 having done having been done 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 过去分词 一般式 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成 Many Chinese brands，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market. 很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。 There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。 1、 非谓语动词的作用 句子成分 非谓语 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 动名词 分 词 二、非谓语动词的时态和语态 不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 to do to be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后 进行式 to be doing / 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 现在分词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 三、非谓语动词的比较 1、不定式和动名词作主语的比较 1) 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动名词常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。 Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 2) 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj/n + (for/of sb) to do sth。而动名词常用于It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish, worthwhile +doing句型。 It’s no use complaining. 2、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较 1) 只能接不定式的动词：agree (同意), aim (旨在), afford (承担得起), appear (似乎), attempt (试图), beg (恳求), begin, choose, demand (要求), decide, desire (渴望), determine (决定), expect, fail (未做), forget, guarantee (保证), hope, happen (碰巧), hesitate (犹豫), hurry, intend (打算), long (渴望), manage (设法做成), mean (打算), offer (愿意), plan, prefer, pretend (假装), promise, pray (祈祷), prove (证明), refuse (拒绝), resolve (决心), regret (遗憾), remember, remain (有待), strive/struggle (奋力), seem, tend (往往会), try (努力), unite (联合), volunteer (自愿), wish (想要). 2) 只能接动名词的动词：admit (承认), allow (允许), advise (建议), avoid (避免), appreciate (欣赏), ban (禁止), consider (考虑), delay (推迟), deny (否认), dislike, escape (逃避), enjoy, end up (以...结束), encourage, explain, excuse (原谅), feel like (想), finish, forbid (禁止), forgive (原谅), fancy/ imagine (想象), include/involve (包括), keep, mention (提及), mind (介意), miss (错过), pardon (原谅), practise, permit (允许), prohibit (禁止), postpone/put off (推迟), quit (停止), propose/ recommend (建议), recall (记起), report (报告), resist (抵抗), risk, save (避免), suggest, tolerate (忍受), understand, worth (值得). 3) 接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词： remember to do记得去做 remember doing记得做过 forget to do忘记去做 forget doing忘记做过 regret to do遗憾去做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do设法去做 try doing试着做 go on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事 mean to do打算做 mean doing意味着做 stop to do停下来去做 stop doing停止做 can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做 can’t help doing 忍不住做 4) 要接动名词的几个句型： prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing... 阻止...做 how about/what about doing 　 spend/waste time (money) in doing sth. 在...上花费或浪费时间或钱 have some difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing做...有困难 have a hard/good time/fun in doing 做...很艰难或做...很愉快 5) 动词不定式在but, except后面时，前有do后无to have no choice but to do sth.　没有别的选择，只好做... do nothing but do除了做...什么都没做 can’t choose/help but do只好做 can’t but do只好做 6) allow/advise/encourage/forbid/permit/recommend+doing/sb to do 7) sth need/want/require+doing/to be done be worth doing = be worthy+to be done/of being done 3、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较 1) 不定式、动名词作表语，表示主语的内容。 My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容) 2) 一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。 现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise: surprising, surprised。类似动词有：excite, astonish, shock, scare, disappoint, move等。 3) 在be, seem/appear, prove/turn out, remain等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。 4、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较 1) 不定式作宾补有3种情况： ① 可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有: advise, allow, ask, assign (分派), beg (恳求), cause (使), call on (号召), challenge (质疑，强烈建议), command (命令), dare (激某人做某事), direct (指示), drive (驱使), employ (雇佣), enable, encourage, expect, force (迫使), forbid (禁止), get (让), invite, inspire (鼓舞), instruct (指示), lead, order, oblige (迫使), permit (允许), persuade (说服), prepare (准备), remind (提醒), require (需要), request (要求), recommend (建议), send (派遣), teach, tell, tempt (吸引，诱惑), urge (力劝), want, warn. ② 动词不定式在动词feel (一感)，hear, listen to (二听)，have, let, make (三让)，notice, see, watch, observe, witness (五看) (即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。 ③ 在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。 2) 感官动词＋sb + do / doing / done/being done (分别表示全过程/正在发生/被动完成/正在发生且表示被动) 感官动词：see/ look at/ watch/ notice/ observe/ witness/ hear/ listen to/ smell/ feel 3) 表使役或致使的动词后接分词作宾补的具体情况： 动词 have keep get leave make catch send 现在分词 √ √ √ √ × √ √ 过去分词 √ √ √ √ √ × × 4) With的复合结构：With+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语/to do/doing/done。to do 表示将来，doing 表示主动和进行，done表示被动和完成。 5) It is said / reported / thought / known /believed that… 可转化为： sb/sth be said / reported/known/believed to do/to be doing/to have done sth. 5、不定式、动名词、分词作定语的比较 1) 在the only、no、all、any、序数词（the first/second）、顺序词（the last, the next）或形容词最高级修饰的名词后接不定式作定语。动词和形容词后接不定式，其相应的名词后也用不定式作定语，如agreement, desire, failure, intention, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness。名词本身是抽象名词，不定式解释其中的内容：efforts, opportunity, plan, position, power, way等。 2) 不定式作定语时，句子主语就是不定式的逻辑主语时，用主动表被动。 3) 动名词作定语表用途，分词作定语可转化为定语从句。 4) 不定式和分词作定语的区别： 动作表将来，主动时用to do，被动时用to be done；  动作正在进行，主动或不及物动词时用doing，被动时用being done；  动作已完成，表被动时用done；不及物动词只表动作完成。 6、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较 1) 不定式作目的、原因、结果状语 ① 目的：eg. She had to shout to make herself heard. 常见于：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首) ② 原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed. 如：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill. ③ 结果：常用 only to do...来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。另外，固定结构：too...to do, enough to do, so/such...as to do 中，不定式也作结果状语。 ④ 在形容词后作状语，只用不定式　如： The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.) 2) 现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果、伴随状语。分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式： * doing：用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行 * having done：表示主动，且动作发生在主句之前 * done：表示被动且完成 * having been done：用来表示被动，且动作发生在主句之前 3) 独立主格结构 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 ① 名词(代词)+现在分词： Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. ② 名词(代词)+过去分词： The test finished (= When the test was finished), we began our holiday. ③ 名词(代词)+不定式： Many trees and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 考点精讲 解题策略 若句中已有谓语动词，且无连词，或谓语动词数量满足“连词+1”的情况则所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语； 动名词doing 表习惯性动作，可作主宾表定状补，常考作主语、宾语； 现在分词doing 表主动、进行，可作主宾表定，常考作表语、定语、状语； · 考点一：不定式用法 1. 构成 一般式 to do /被动 to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 完成进行式 to have been doing 1. To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 2. I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well. 3. It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 4. It happened to be raining when I got there. 【经典题例】 1.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ___________ (break) the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. 2. When mother entered the room last night, I pretended ___________ (work) on the computer. 3. She was the first woman ___________ (elect) to such a post. 4.Energy drinks are not allowed _________ (make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.注意①seem; appear; be said; be supposed; be believed; be thought; be known; be reported等动词常用不定式。 注意②expect / hope /intend/ mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示“过去未曾实现的愿望”。 也可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达“原打算、原以为”之意思。如： I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我原想来拜访你，但没来成。 I expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨晚能在这里见到他。 I had hoped to meet him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up. 我本希望在火车站接到他但他未露面。 2．用法 To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge. （主语/形式主语） He managed to solve the complicated problem. （宾语） I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. （形式宾语） His wish is to become an astronaut. （表语） On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. （定语） She raised her voice to be heard well. （状语） The teacher encouraged the students to take active part in some outdoor activities. · 考点二：动名词用法 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written ★ 必背动词 admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 forbid 禁止 consider考虑 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 propose 建议 resume 继续 ban 禁止 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 keep 继续 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 recommend推荐 advise建议 involve涉及 mention提及 resist 抵制 permit 默许 allow 允许 ★ 必背句型 The children are busy (in) doing their homework. 孩子们忙于做作业。 There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again. The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这曲子很值得多听几遍。 Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam. · 考点三：分词用法 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 1. The child standing over there is my brother． 2. Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends. 3. His remark left me wondering what he was driving at. 4. Please keep us informed of the latest developments. 5. Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds. 6. Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together. 7. Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 8. Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema. （2025·上海浦东新·二模） These findings suggest that the process of writing allows you 4 (clarify) thoughts and “internalize” them, thus increasing the benefits. You can even use this as an opportunity to save relationships that need 6 (heal) or just to get an extra smile out of someone.    Write appreciation notes at work. Wherever I’d go in the world, you’d find my handwritten notes 9 (display) on employees’ bulletin boards(公告栏).” （2025·上海嘉定·二模） Among them was Matthew Henson, an experienced explorer 1 skills had been vital to their success. He held a unique flag, 2 (sew) together from different pieces of fabric, while four expert Inuit hunters stood by his side. They guided the team through the endless frozen wilderness. Reaching this ice-covered world was not easy. Many had tried before them, only 3 (force) back by terrible conditions. Peary’s success was not just luck — it was careful strategy, perseverance, and the strength of his team. （2025·上海闵行·二模） Interested in writing, photography or current events? Looking for an experience 1 (inspire) your college essays? For students 6 (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option 7 (organize) in three sections: Applications for the on-campus session from June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions 10 (start) from June 17, July 1, and July 15 are due: May 10. （2025·上海虹口·二模） In Denmark and the other countries I visited, 2 (not understand) every word around me became strangely comforting. There was a quiet peace in not having to process every conversation, not being subjected to endless chatter. The hardest part wasn’t just adjusting to the noise, but the lack of agreement between my excitement to talk about my experiences and the blank stares I received in return. I longed 7 (share), but it felt like no one really understood. Only my fellow study-abroad friends could relate, and their sympathy was a comfort. The biggest change, though, was internal. I had once been set on a future in cardiothoracic surgery (心胸外科手术), 8 (convince) that medical school was my calling. Yet, living in Scandinavia shifted my perspective. 2025·上海静安·二模） The unique workout, best 2 (describe) as your legs’ worst nightmare, was invented by Australian fitness enthusiast Shaun MoCarthy. Although it’s still not known what urged him to come up with the odd activity, he seems 3   (convince) that the sport will revolutionize fitness as we know it. ‌“The only thing that crunning has changed about fitness is that it’s changed 4 about fitness, ” he says. ‌“It really works your legs and shoulders at the same time,” he said, 7 (add) that the sport burned more calories as well. （2025·上海宝山·二模） The user provides a hint, like “cat swimming in a fish tank,” and the tool creates a video 2 (base) on everything it knows about cats, water, fish and the physics of how they might interact. Tools that are based on a spread system, like OpenAI’s Sora, are trained 4 (recognize) objects so they can improve images by deleting the incorrect visual patches. This process could be compared to a worker 5 (melt) raw gold multiple times in order to remove all its useless elements. （2025·上海杨浦·二模） The eye-catching architecture that marks the entrance to the station looks as if a 2 (threaten) giant has lifted up a tram car and thrown it into the solid concrete sidewalk. The construction of this station entrance, which looks particularly like the wreckage of a trolley car half buried in the ground, 4 (credit) to an architect named Zbigniew Peter Pininski. 5 (feature) At the time, the subway station was simply a proposal 7 (extend) Frankfurt’s subway system. （2025·上海崇明·二模） The widespread publicity led a well-known Thai composer 5 (write) a special song for Moo Deng. The zoo’s director, Narongwit Chodchoi, said the additional earnings from Moo Deng will help the zoo’s 9 (breed) programs for many endangered animals, like the pygmy hippo, which is threatened by illegal hunting and loss of habitat. Pygmy hippos are native to Wost Africa, but experts say there are only 2,000-3,000 of them 10 (leave) in the wild. （2025·上海黄浦·二模） There’s no doubt that 1 (cope) with stressful situations through long-term avoidance is harmful and can lead to more psychological distress, but not all avoidance is bad. Sometimes, it’s best not to choose between approaching or avoiding, but to shift between 2 two intentionally. Avoidance can allow the intensity of a negative experience 3 (decrease). When we use the word “you,” it is almost only to refer to other people, Dr. Kross said. But when you use it on yourself, it’s a strategy 8 (know) as distanced self-talk, which can be a powerful way to regulate negative emotions. （2024年嘉定区二模） _____23_____(feel) my way in the darkness, I grabbed my phone and turned on the flashlight. As I stepped out of my bedroom, water was shooting through the gaps of the garden door. I began to panic. In bare feet and with my shorts _____26_____(glue) to my body, I started to walk to my only escape: the door that leads upstairs. I managed to make a gap of about a foot, just wide enough _____28_____(force) myself through. Finally, I made it outside. （2024年金山区二模） The research employed ancient DNA data ___22___ (explore) human migration along the Hexi Corridor. The Hexi Corridor, was a narrow yet crucial link ___23___ (connect) the heartland of ancient China to the Western Territory. Characterized by its lofty mountains and deserts, the ancient pathway was dotted with cities ___24___ (found) along short rivers. （2024年静安区二模） The music contained many marks of traditional classical music, but as it began, the instruments started to make loud, rough sounds more commonly ___1___ (hear) in chicken coops than in an auditorium. The early stages of composition were spent ___7___ (test) out which instruments and sounds the chickens responded to best. “They didn’t like any big banging,” Bostock said, adding that when the birds respond positively to the music, they tend ___8___ (wander) farther among the trees. Bostock now hopes chicken farmers around the world will use the piece of music to calm their own birds. （2024年浦东新区二模） As the waterfall wet my jacket, I closed my eyes and took out my phone _____2_____ (record) the rush of dreamy reality before me. I had come in search of a sound, not a sight. Throughout my travels, I’ve found myself _____3_____ (collect) sound recordings the way other people collect souvenirs. （2024年普陀区二模） Researchers whose first language is not English can spend around twice as long reading an English scientific journal article as native speakers. For a PhD student, that can mean ___21___ (spend) up to 19 additional working days per year just reading papers. These statistics, ___22___ (publish) today in PLOS Biology, might not be shocking, researchers say, but it’s important to measure the effects of language barriers on the careers of academics ___23 (who) ___ are not fluent in English. “It is the first step for the scientific community ___24___ (make) more efforts to solve this problem”, says Tatsuya Amano, a biodiversity researcher at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and a co-author of the study. 实战训练 一、单句语法填空（注意非谓语动词用法） 1．As a habitual coffee drinker and a regular customer, his character named 663 soon finds it hard （not pay） attention to the free-spirited counter girl played by Faye Wong. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Tony Leung plays the part of a (reject) lover perfectly and gives off an air of being sad without ever really being pathetic (可悲的). (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The second story focuses on two people (Tony Leung and Faye Wong) and how they interact with each other at a local fast food store (specialize) in fish and chips, chef’s salad and black coffee. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4． (raise) in a family of movie lovers has given me plenty of opportunities to watch movies, especially Hong Kong movies, since I was a little boy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．You can’t imagine what great trouble they will have (solve) the problem being discussed at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．I like getting up early in summer because the morning air is so good (breath). （所给词的适当形式填空） 7．Doctors usually suggest (drink) little wine. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．Taking physical exercise regularly is an effective way to avoid (infect) with the flu. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9． (admit) to Fudan University in advance made him feel on top of the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．He sat in the stand and imagined (fight) bravely with a fierce bull in the Colosseum.(所给词的适当形式填空) 11．With modern traffic control facilities, speeders can’t expect to escape (detect). (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．Is there any possibility of our the championship? (win) 13．Rooms (vary) in size are equipped with hair-driers, television and telephone.（所给词的适当形式填空） 14．Italians throw old things out of their windows at midnight, (symbolize) the departure of the old. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．The plot centers around two separate narratives regarding two policemen (work) within Hong Kong. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16． (suffer) from heart disease for years, Professor White has to take medicine with him wherever he goes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．The international conference currently (hold) has caught the attention of the mass media. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．Many Chinese brands, (develop) their reputations over centuries, are encountering new challenges from the modern market.(所给词的适当形式填空) 19．Listening to music at home is one thing, and going to hear it (perform) live is quite another. （所给词的适当形式填空） 20．The problem (discuss) at present at the meeting is of great importance. （所给词的适当形式填空） 21．Many Chinese brands, （develop） their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. （用单词适当形式填空） 22．The speech (deliver) by the president last week was inspiring.(所给词的适当形式填空) 23．Tony Leung plays the part of a (reject) lover perfectly and gives off an air of being sad without ever really being pathetic (可悲的). (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．Only in retrospect (回顾) did the value of appreciating a movie without judging, (accompany) by the joy of sharing become self-evident to me. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25． (see) from the west ban of the Hungpu River, the Oriental Pearl Tower looks so tall and grand. （所给词的适当形式填空） 26．To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study (conduct) in Australia in 2021.(所给词的适当形式填空) 27．Seeing the soldiers well (prepare) for the fight, the general nodded with satisfaction. (所给词的适当形式填空) 28． (locate) in the northwest of China, Xi’an is seen as the birthplace of the country’s civilization.(所给词的适当形式填空) 29．The old couple often take a walk after supper with the pet dog (follow) them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30．With the homework (finish), he was allowed to watch the football match. （所给词的适当形式填空） 31．He pretended (do) his homework when his mother came in. （所给词的适当形式填空） 32．Only by making great efforts (prevent) pollution can the problem be solved. (所给词的适当形式填空) 33．The scientist claimed (invent) a new kind of car already. (所给词的适当形式填空) 34．Allen is believed (design) a new computer program at present, but we don’t know when she will finish it. 35．He is thought (act) foolishly, which has caused him to lose his job. （所给词的适当形式填空） 36．The English version of the novel is due to (publish) next year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 37．It is a waste of time (wait) here. He won’t come today. （所给词的适当形式填空） 38． (lie)on the beach in summer can make you relaxed. （所给词的适当形式填空） 39．They didn’t anticipate (meet) so much trouble in the process. (所给词的适当形式填空) 40．My teacher recommended (read) the book before seeing the movie. (所给词的适当形式填空) 41．Tom denied (persuade) Mary to predict that the future of AI careers was potential. (所给词的适当形式填空) 42．The match was canceled because most of the members objected to (have) a match without a standard court. (所给词的适当形式填空) 43．The children got down to (prepare) popcorn the instant they got they needed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 44．Our comfort foods (vary) from person to person have shaped our lives. (所给词的适当形式填空) 45．The book, (contain) valuable insights into modern art, is a must-read for students in the field. (所给词的适当形式填空) 46． (not f ind) the missing boy, they had to stay there for another two weeks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47． (wait) in line for 2 hours, the angry man yelled at the counter agent. （所给词的适当形式填空） 48．A smile shows you are attentive to the issued (discuss), while looking away with your arms folded can indicate d is interest and create distrust or friction. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49．When (equip) with new scientific farming methods, farmers can use less farmland to produce more. (所给词的适当形式填空) 50．The committee (establish) last year holds a meeting every month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、句子翻译 1．汤姆被这个坏消息弄得心烦意乱，不得不向她寻求建议。(Upset)(汉译英) 2．上海车展一直是公众感受全球新品首发的“打卡地”。(launch) (汉译英) 3．这段长达14公里的城墙最初是为御敌而建，如今已成为举世闻名的历史古迹。（defend） 4．他提前预定了展览的门票，所以才能有机会欣赏到这些国内外的优秀画作。（appreciate）(汉译英) 5．途经花海，看到无数飞舞的蝴蝶，女主角心想应该带上相机记录这一刻。(come across) (汉译英) 6．DeepSeek等人工智能助手让海量信息触手可及，一经推出便迅速走红。(popularity) (汉译英) 7．我们对甜食的偏爱可以追溯到史前时期，怪不得戒糖是个难题。(trace)(汉译英) 8．我们特别感激英语老师们不辞辛劳，利用课余时间帮我们解决英语学习中的难题。（appreciate）（汉译英） 9．随着大家健康意识的提高，逢年过节时不再像以前那样胡吃海喝了，正所谓健康的关键在于饮食。（as）（汉译英） 10．如果您能慷慨解囊，为那些身患癌症的家庭提供帮助，我们将不胜感激。(appreciate) (汉译英) 11．这个小镇的年度节日充满了家庭的欢笑，展示了该社区丰富的文化和传统。（alive）（汉译英） 12．来自全国各地的选手在空中放飞风筝，争相展示他们的风筝技艺和创新风格。(display) 13．通过参与各类志愿者项目，学生们意识到了团队精神的重要性。（involve）（汉译英） 14．若想获得真切的感悟，我们就必须扎根于现实生活，与身边的人产生真挚的联结。（anchor）（汉译英） 15．这位新上任的村官今年最重要的工作就是提倡婚丧从简，推进移风易俗。(advocate) (汉译英) 16．尽管高铁车厢拥挤，婴儿还是紧贴着母亲平稳的心跳，安然入睡。(against) (汉译英) 17．既要让森林与城市融合，更要让市民充分参与并享受绿色城市的氛围，与自然和谐共生。(It) (汉译英) 18．无怪乎众多语言学家对其如痴如醉，因为语言薪火相传，见证沧桑，记录科技的日新月异。（It）（汉译英） 19．从小县城发家，这家公司以其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才，在短短十年内成为行业翘楚。(originate, thanks to, vision) (汉译英) 20．用公共艺术激发并提升展现更多城市商业的活力，在我们身边可以看到很多案例。(example) (汉译英) 三、真题演练 1.（2022年秋考）An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society(24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm 2.（2022年春考）We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 3.（2021年秋考）When people arrive in a new place , they may bring in bacteria that ( 21)__________( not be) present in the past. 4.（2020年秋考） The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion (1639-1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch—face design, with two (and sometimes three) hands moving around a single dial, (30)________ (remain) largely unchanged in all that time. 5.（2020年春考）The latter (28)_________ (predict) that Motecuhzoma’s kingdom would fall and the game was set-up to establish the truth of this bold prediction. 4 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 非谓语动词 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 8 考点一：动词不定式（重点） 8 考点二：动名词（重点） 9 考点三：分词（难点） 10 实战精练与提升 19 考情解读 一、考试要求 非谓语动词是高考非常重要的必考重难点，几乎占语法填空三分之一分值。非谓语包括动词不定式、动名词及现在分词与过去分词。要厘清非谓语构成及其各种形式。非谓语主要考查点分别有: 1. 动词不定式的正确运用，尤其是被动式、进行式和完成式的正确运用; 2. 现在分词与过去分词的区别，尤其是现在分词被动式和完成式的正确运用、现在分词与过去分词作表语、定语，宾语补是语和状语的区别以及分词在 with 复合结构及独立主格结构中的运用。 3. 动名词的正确运用:介词后接的动名词的用法，常见接动名词作宾语的动词，含动名词的常见固定句型，尤其是被动式和完成式的正确运用以及复合结构的正确识别。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 不定式（to do） 5 年 5 考 作宾语（接不定式的动词如 want/decide）、目的状语（to 表 “为了”），省 to 的情况（使役动词 let/make 后） 2026 年大概率在语法填空中考查，结合建议 / 计划类语境，侧重不定式与动名词的辨析 现在分词（doing） 5 年 4 考 表主动 / 进行（作定语、伴随状语），固定搭配（keep doing/go on doing） 2026 年语法填空中出现，依托叙事类语篇考查动作伴随关系 过去分词（done） 5 年 5 考 表被动 / 完成（作定语、状语），独立主格结构（逻辑主语 + done） 2026 年侧重语法填空，结合科技 / 社会事件语境，考查与现在分词的被动区分 动名词（doing） 5 年 3 考 作主语（It’s no use doing）、宾语（接动名词的动词如 enjoy/avoid） 2026 年可能在语法填空中出现，强化固定搭配与语境逻辑的结合 知识梳理 （一）不定式思维导图 （二）动名词思维导图 （三）分词思维导图 （四）非谓语动词成分 · 非谓语动词的形式及意义 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 不定式 一般式 to do to be done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 进行式 to be doing 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生 现在分词/动名词 完成式 having done having been done 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 过去分词 一般式 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成 Many Chinese brands，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market. 很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。 There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。 一、非谓语动词的作用 句子成分 非谓语 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 动名词 分 词 二、非谓语动词的时态和语态 不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 to do to be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后 进行式 to be doing / 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 现在分词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 三、非谓语动词的比较 1、不定式和动名词作主语的比较 1) 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动名词常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。 Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 2) 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj/n + (for/of sb) to do sth。而动名词常用于It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish, worthwhile +doing句型。 It’s no use complaining. 2、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较 1) 只能接不定式的动词：agree (同意), aim (旨在), afford (承担得起), appear (似乎), attempt (试图), beg (恳求), begin, choose, demand (要求), decide, desire (渴望), determine (决定), expect, fail (未做), forget, guarantee (保证), hope, happen (碰巧), hesitate (犹豫), hurry, intend (打算), long (渴望), manage (设法做成), mean (打算), offer (愿意), plan, prefer, pretend (假装), promise, pray (祈祷), prove (证明), refuse (拒绝), resolve (决心), regret (遗憾), remember, remain (有待), strive/struggle (奋力), seem, tend (往往会), try (努力), unite (联合), volunteer (自愿), wish (想要). 2) 只能接动名词的动词：admit (承认), allow (允许), advise (建议), avoid (避免), appreciate (欣赏), ban (禁止), consider (考虑), delay (推迟), deny (否认), dislike, escape (逃避), enjoy, end up (以...结束), encourage, explain, excuse (原谅), feel like (想), finish, forbid (禁止), forgive (原谅), fancy/ imagine (想象), include/involve (包括), keep, mention (提及), mind (介意), miss (错过), pardon (原谅), practise, permit (允许), prohibit (禁止), postpone/put off (推迟), quit (停止), propose/ recommend (建议), recall (记起), report (报告), resist (抵抗), risk, save (避免), suggest, tolerate (忍受), understand, worth (值得). 3) 接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词： remember to do记得去做 remember doing记得做过 forget to do忘记去做 forget doing忘记做过 regret to do遗憾去做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do设法去做 try doing试着做 go on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事 mean to do打算做 mean doing意味着做 stop to do停下来去做 stop doing停止做 can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做 can’t help doing 忍不住做 4) 要接动名词的几个句型： prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing... 阻止...做 how about/what about doing 　 spend/waste time (money) in doing sth. 在...上花费或浪费时间或钱 have some difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing做...有困难 have a hard/good time/fun in doing 做...很艰难或做...很愉快 5) 动词不定式在but, except后面时，前有do后无to have no choice but to do sth.　没有别的选择，只好做... do nothing but do除了做...什么都没做 can’t choose/help but do只好做 can’t but do只好做 6) allow/advise/encourage/forbid/permit/recommend+doing/sb to do 7) sth need/want/require+doing/to be done be worth doing = be worthy+to be done/of being done 3、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较 1) 不定式、动名词作表语，表示主语的内容。 My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容) 2) 一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。 现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise: surprising, surprised。类似动词有：excite, astonish, shock, scare, disappoint, move等。 3) 在be, seem/appear, prove/turn out, remain等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。 4、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较 1) 不定式作宾补有3种情况： ① 可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有: advise, allow, ask, assign (分派), beg (恳求), cause (使), call on (号召), challenge (质疑，强烈建议), command (命令), dare (激某人做某事), direct (指示), drive (驱使), employ (雇佣), enable, encourage, expect, force (迫使), forbid (禁止), get (让), invite, inspire (鼓舞), instruct (指示), lead, order, oblige (迫使), permit (允许), persuade (说服), prepare (准备), remind (提醒), require (需要), request (要求), recommend (建议), send (派遣), teach, tell, tempt (吸引，诱惑), urge (力劝), want, warn. ② 动词不定式在动词feel (一感)，hear, listen to (二听)，have, let, make (三让)，notice, see, watch, observe, witness (五看) (即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。 ③ 在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。 2) 感官动词＋sb + do / doing / done/being done (分别表示全过程/正在发生/被动完成/正在发生且表示被动) 感官动词：see/ look at/ watch/ notice/ observe/ witness/ hear/ listen to/ smell/ feel 3) 表使役或致使的动词后接分词作宾补的具体情况： 动词 have keep get leave make catch send 现在分词 √ √ √ √ × √ √ 过去分词 √ √ √ √ √ × × 4) With的复合结构：With+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语/to do/doing/done。to do 表示将来，doing 表示主动和进行，done表示被动和完成。 5) It is said / reported / thought / known /believed that… 可转化为： sb/sth be said / reported/known/believed to do/to be doing/to have done sth. 5、不定式、动名词、分词作定语的比较 1) 在the only、no、all、any、序数词（the first/second）、顺序词（the last, the next）或形容词最高级修饰的名词后接不定式作定语。动词和形容词后接不定式，其相应的名词后也用不定式作定语，如agreement, desire, failure, intention, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness。名词本身是抽象名词，不定式解释其中的内容：efforts, opportunity, plan, position, power, way等。 2) 不定式作定语时，句子主语就是不定式的逻辑主语时，用主动表被动。 3) 动名词作定语表用途，分词作定语可转化为定语从句。 4) 不定式和分词作定语的区别： 动作表将来，主动时用to do，被动时用to be done；  动作正在进行，主动或不及物动词时用doing，被动时用being done；  动作已完成，表被动时用done；不及物动词只表动作完成。 6、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较 1) 不定式作目的、原因、结果状语 ① 目的：eg. She had to shout to make herself heard. 常见于：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首) ② 原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed. 如：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill. ③ 结果：常用 only to do...来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。另外，固定结构：too...to do, enough to do, so/such...as to do 中，不定式也作结果状语。 ④ 在形容词后作状语，只用不定式　如： The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.) 2) 现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果、伴随状语。分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式： * doing：用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行 * having done：表示主动，且动作发生在主句之前 * done：表示被动且完成 * having been done：用来表示被动，且动作发生在主句之前 3) 独立主格结构 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 ① 名词(代词)+现在分词： Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. ② 名词(代词)+过去分词： The test finished (= When the test was finished), we began our holiday. ③ 名词(代词)+不定式： Many trees and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 考点精讲 解题策略 若句中已有谓语动词，且无连词，或谓语动词数量满足“连词+1”的情况则所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语； 动名词doing 表习惯性动作，可作主宾表定状补，常考作主语、宾语； 现在分词doing 表主动、进行，可作主宾表定，常考作表语、定语、状语； · 考点一：不定式用法 1. 构成 一般式 to do /被动 to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done /被动 to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 1. To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 2. I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well. 3. It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 4. It happened to be raining when I got there. 【经典题例】 1.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ___________ (break) the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. to have broken 2. When mother entered the room last night, I pretended ___________ (work) on the computer. to be working 3. She was the first woman ___________ (elect) to such a post. to be elected 4.Energy drinks are not allowed _________ (make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. to be made 注意①seem; appear; be said; be supposed; be believed; be thought; be known; be reported等动词常用不定式。 注意②expect / hope /intend/ mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示“过去未曾实现的愿望”。 也可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达“原打算、原以为”之意思。如： I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我原想来拜访你，但没来成。 I expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨晚能在这里见到他。 I had hoped to meet him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up. 我本希望在火车站接到他但他未露面。 2．用法 To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge. （主语/形式主语） He managed to solve the complicated problem. （宾语） I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. （形式宾语） His wish is to become an astronaut. （表语） On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. （定语） She raised her voice to be heard well. （状语） The teacher encouraged the students to take active part in some outdoor activities. · 考点二：动名词用法 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written ★ 必背动词 admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 forbid 禁止 consider考虑 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 propose 建议 resume 继续 ban 禁止 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 keep 继续 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 recommend推荐 advise建议 involve涉及 mention提及 resist 抵制 permit 默许 allow 允许 ★ 必背句型 The children are busy (in) doing their homework. 孩子们忙于做作业。 There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again. The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这曲子很值得多听几遍。 Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam. · 考点三：分词用法 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 1. The child standing over there is my brother． 2. Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends. 3. His remark left me wondering what he was driving at. 4. Please keep us informed of the latest developments. 5. Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds. 6. Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together. 7. Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 8. Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema. （2025·上海浦东新·二模） These findings suggest that the process of writing allows you 4 (clarify) thoughts and “internalize” them, thus increasing the benefits. You can even use this as an opportunity to save relationships that need 6 (heal) or just to get an extra smile out of someone.    Write appreciation notes at work. Wherever I’d go in the world, you’d find my handwritten notes 9 (display) on employees’ bulletin boards(公告栏).” 【答案】 4．to clarify 6．healing/to be healed 9．displayed 4．考查不定式。句意：这些发现表明，写作的过程能让你理清思绪并将其 “内化”，从而增加益处。“allow sb. to do sth.”允许某人做某事。故填 to clarify。 5．考查时态。句意：想想上次你在乎的人花时间给你写了一封真心的信时你是什么感受。the last time引导的时间状语从句，描述过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。故填 took。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：你甚至可以利用这个机会来挽救需要修复的关系，或者只是让某人开心一下。need作实义动词时，且物做主语时，后面接动词的-ing 形式或不定式的被动形式，表示 “需要被……”。故填 healing/to be healed。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我走到世界的哪里，你都会发现我手写的便条被展示在员工的公告栏上。my handwritten notes与display 为被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填 displayed。 （2025·上海嘉定·二模） Among them was Matthew Henson, an experienced explorer 1 skills had been vital to their success. He held a unique flag, 2 (sew) together from different pieces of fabric, while four expert Inuit hunters stood by his side. They guided the team through the endless frozen wilderness. Reaching this ice-covered world was not easy. Many had tried before them, only 3 (force) back by terrible conditions. Peary’s success was not just luck — it was careful strategy, perseverance, and the strength of his team. 【答案】 2．sewn 3．to be forced 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他举着一面独特的旗帜，这面旗帜是由不同的织物缝制在一起的，而四位因纽特猎人则站在他身边。“ 2 (sew) together from different pieces of fabric” 是后置定语，修饰 “flag”，“flag” 与 “sew” 之间是被动关系，即 “旗帜被缝制”，所以用过去分词 “sewn”。故填 sewn。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在他们之前有许多人尝试过，结果却被恶劣的条件逼了回来。only 3 (force) back by terrible conditions” 是结果状语，“Many” 与 “force” 之间是被动关系，且表示出乎意料的结果，用 “only to be done” 结构，所以填 “to be forced”。故填 to be forced。 （2025·上海闵行·二模） Interested in writing, photography or current events? Looking for an experience 1 (inspire) your college essays? For students 6 (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option 7 (organize) in three sections: Applications for the on-campus session from June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions 10 (start) from June 17, July 1, and July 15 are due: May 10. 【答案】1．to inspire 6．drawn 10．starting 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：寻找能激发你大学论文灵感的经历吗？此处用不定式作后置定语，修饰experience，表示“一种用来启发……的经历”。故填to inspire。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于喜欢摄影的学生，我们为两者都提供了专门的新闻摄影课程。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词students，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式作定语。故填drawn。 10．考查现在分词。句意：从6月17日、7月1日和7月15日开始的在家学习课程的申请截止日期为5月10日。此处作后置定语，修饰sessions，sessions和start是主动关系，用现在分词。故填starting。 （2025·上海虹口·二模） In Denmark and the other countries I visited, 2 (not understand) every word around me became strangely comforting. There was a quiet peace in not having to process every conversation, not being subjected to endless chatter. The hardest part wasn’t just adjusting to the noise, but the lack of agreement between my excitement to talk about my experiences and the blank stares I received in return. I longed 7 (share), but it felt like no one really understood. Only my fellow study-abroad friends could relate, and their sympathy was a comfort. The biggest change, though, was internal. I had once been set on a future in cardiothoracic surgery (心胸外科手术), 8 (convince) that medical school was my calling. Yet, living in Scandinavia shifted my perspective. 【答案】 2．not understanding 7．to share 8．convinced 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在丹麦和我去过的其他国家，听不懂周围的每一个字却奇怪地让人感到安慰。not understanding every word around me是动名词短语作主语，表示一种行为或状态。故填not understanding。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：我渴望分享，但感觉好像没有人真正理解。“long to do sth.” 是固定搭配，意为 “渴望做某事”。故填to share。 8．考查过去分词。句意：我曾经一心想在心胸外科领域发展，深信医学院是我的使命所在。“be convinced that...”为固定用法，故填convinced。 2025·上海静安·二模） The unique workout, best 2 (describe) as your legs’ worst nightmare, was invented by Australian fitness enthusiast Shaun MoCarthy. Although it’s still not known what urged him to come up with the odd activity, he seems 3   (convince) that the sport will revolutionize fitness as we know it. ‌“The only thing that crunning has changed about fitness is that it’s changed 4 about fitness, ” he says. ‌“It really works your legs and shoulders at the same time,” he said, 7 (add) that the sport burned more calories as well. 【答案】 2．described 3．convinced 7．adding 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这项独特的锻炼，最恰当地被描述为你腿部的噩梦，是由澳大利亚健身爱好者肖恩·麦卡锡发明的。“best ____ (describe) as your legs’ worst nightmare”作后置定语，describe(描述)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语“The unique workout之”间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填described。 3．考查过去分词。句意：虽然还不清楚是什么促使他想出了这个奇怪的活动，但他似乎相信这项运动会彻底改变我们所知的健身方式。seems是系动词，提示词作表语，用形容词convinced，意为“确信的，信服的”，表明主语he的心理状态。故填convinced。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：“它真的能同时锻炼你的腿部和肩部，”他说，并补充说这项运动也能消耗更多的卡路里。“(add) that the sport burned more calories as well”作伴随状语，add(补充说)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填adding。 （2025·上海宝山·二模） The user provides a hint, like “cat swimming in a fish tank,” and the tool creates a video 2 (base) on everything it knows about cats, water, fish and the physics of how they might interact. Tools that are based on a spread system, like OpenAI’s Sora, are trained 4 (recognize) objects so they can improve images by deleting the incorrect visual patches. This process could be compared to a worker 5 (melt) raw gold multiple times in order to remove all its useless elements. 【答案】 2．based 4．to recognize 5．melting 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：用户输入如“猫在鱼缸里游泳”的提示后，工具会基于其对猫、水、鱼类及物理交互的全部认知生成视频。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词base与句子的主语the tool之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词based作状语。故填based。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：基于扩散系统的工具，例如OpenAI的Sora，经过训练能够识别物体，从而通过删除错误的视觉区块来提升图像质量。train somebody to do“训练某人做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作补足语，此处用的是被动语态。故填to recognize。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一过程可以与一名工人多次熔化生金以去除所有无用成分相提并论。空处为非谓语动词，a worker 与melt为主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故填melting。 （2025·上海杨浦·二模） The eye-catching architecture that marks the entrance to the station looks as if a 2 (threaten) giant has lifted up a tram car and thrown it into the solid concrete sidewalk. The construction of this station entrance, which looks particularly like the wreckage of a trolley car half buried in the ground, 4 (credit) to an architect named Zbigniew Peter Pininski. 5 (feature) At the time, the subway station was simply a proposal 7 (extend) Frankfurt’s subway system. 【答案】 2．threatening 5．Featuring 7．to extend 2．考查形容词。句意：这个引人注目的车站入口建筑，看起来就像是一个极具威胁性的巨人举起了一辆有轨电车，并把它扔到了坚硬的水泥人行道上。空处为修饰名词用形容词，意为“有威胁性的”，用threatening作定语。故填threatening。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：他将苹果、鸡蛋、鸟、管道和时钟等常见物品置于不寻常的场景中，从而能够唤起观者的惊奇感和好奇心。空处为非谓语动词担当状语；主语he和feature之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Featuring。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：当时，这个地铁站还只是法兰克福地铁系统扩建的一个提议。空处为非谓语动词形式，担当名词proposal的后置定语，用动词不定式形式。故填to extend。 （2025·上海崇明·二模） The widespread publicity led a well-known Thai composer 5 (write) a special song for Moo Deng. The zoo’s director, Narongwit Chodchoi, said the additional earnings from Moo Deng will help the zoo’s 9 (breed) programs for many endangered animals, like the pygmy hippo, which is threatened by illegal hunting and loss of habitat. Pygmy hippos are native to Wost Africa, but experts say there are only 2,000-3,000 of them 10 (leave) in the wild. 【答案】 5．to write 9．breeding 10．left 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：广泛的宣传促使一位著名的泰国作曲家为Moo Deng创作了一首特别的歌曲。lead sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“导致某人做某事；使某人做某事”。故填to write。 9．考查形容词。句意：动物园园长纳隆威特·乔乔伊表示，Moo Deng带来的额外收入将帮助动物园开展许多濒危动物的繁殖计划，比如侏儒河马就面临着非法狩猎和栖息地丧失的威胁。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词programs。故填breeding。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：侏儒河马原产于西非，但专家表示，野外现存的侏儒河马数量仅剩2000至3000头。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，only 2,000-3,000 of them和leave为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填left。 （2025·上海黄浦·二模） There’s no doubt that 1 (cope) with stressful situations through long-term avoidance is harmful and can lead to more psychological distress, but not all avoidance is bad. Sometimes, it’s best not to choose between approaching or avoiding, but to shift between 2 two intentionally. Avoidance can allow the intensity of a negative experience 3 (decrease). When we use the word “you,” it is almost only to refer to other people, Dr. Kross said. But when you use it on yourself, it’s a strategy 8 (know) as distanced self-talk, which can be a powerful way to regulate negative emotions. 【答案】1．coping/to cope 3．to decrease 8．known 1．考查动名词和不定式。句意：毫无疑问，通过长期回避来应对压力是有害的，会导致更多的心理困扰，但并不是所有的回避都是不好的。空格处用动名词或不定式，在that引导的同位语从句中作主语，故填coping/to cope。 3．考查不定式。句意：逃避可以让负面体验的强度降低。allow sb./sth. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“使……能够做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to decrease作宾语补足语。故填to decrease。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：但当你把“你”这个词用在自己身上时，这就是一种被称为“自我疏离式对话”的策略，它是一种调节负面情绪的强大方法。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，strategy和know之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填known。 （2024年嘉定区二模） _____23_____(feel) my way in the darkness, I grabbed my phone and turned on the flashlight. As I stepped out of my bedroom, water was shooting through the gaps of the garden door. I began to panic. In bare feet and with my shorts _____26_____(glue) to my body, I started to walk to my only escape: the door that leads upstairs. I managed to make a gap of about a foot, just wide enough _____28_____(force) myself through. Finally, I made it outside. 【答案】 23. Feeling 26. glued 28. to force 【23题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在黑暗中摸索着前进，我抓起手机，打开手电筒。此处feel与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Feeling。 【26题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：光着脚，短裤粘在身上，我开始走向唯一的逃生之路：通往楼上的门。此处shorts与glue为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填glued。 【28题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我用它撬开了门，设法开了一个大约一英尺的缺口，刚好能勉强自己通过。此处为短语enough to do sth.表示“足以做某事”。故填to force。 （2024年金山区二模） The research employed ancient DNA data ___22___ (explore) human migration along the Hexi Corridor. The Hexi Corridor, was a narrow yet crucial link ___23___ (connect) the heartland of ancient China to the Western Territory. Characterized by its lofty mountains and deserts, the ancient pathway was dotted with cities ___24___ (found) along short rivers. 【答案】 22. to explore 23. connecting 24. founded 【22题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该研究利用古代DNA数据来探索河西走廊沿线的人类迁徙。短语employ sth. to do sth.表示“利用某物做某事”。故填to explore。 【23题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：河西走廊是连接古代中国中心地带和西域的一条狭窄而重要的通道。分析句子结构可知connect与link构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填connecting。 【24题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这条古老的古道以高山和沙漠为特征，沿着短河流点缀着城市。此处cities与found构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填founded。 （2024年静安区二模） The music contained many marks of traditional classical music, but as it began, the instruments started to make loud, rough sounds more commonly ___1___ (hear) in chicken coops than in an auditorium. The early stages of composition were spent ___7___ (test) out which instruments and sounds the chickens responded to best. “They didn’t like any big banging,” Bostock said, adding that when the birds respond positively to the music, they tend ___8___ (wander) farther among the trees. Bostock now hopes chicken farmers around the world will use the piece of music to calm their own birds. 【答案】1. heard 7. testing 8. to wander 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：音乐中包含了许多传统古典音乐的痕迹，但随着音乐的开始，乐器开始发出响亮而粗糙的声音，这种声音更常见于鸡舍而不是礼堂。分析句子可知，sounds为名词，空处修饰名词作定语，sounds与hear构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填heard。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：作曲的早期阶段是用来测试鸡对哪种乐器和声音反应最好。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定短语，空处应用动名词。故填testing。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：博斯托克说：“它们不喜欢大的撞击声。”他补充说，当鸟儿对音乐做出积极反应时，它们往往会在树林里飞得更远。tend to do意思为：往往，倾向于做，空处用不定式作宾语。故填to wander。 （2024年浦东新区二模） As the waterfall wet my jacket, I closed my eyes and took out my phone _____2_____ (record) the rush of dreamy reality before me. I had come in search of a sound, not a sight. Throughout my travels, I’ve found myself _____3_____ (collect) sound recordings the way other people collect souvenirs. 【答案】 2. to record 3. collecting 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：瀑布淋湿了我的夹克，我闭上眼睛，拿出手机记录下眼前的梦幻现实。分析句子结构并结合句意，这里应用不定式，作目的状语。故填to record。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的旅行中，我发现自己像其他人收集纪念品一样收集录音。find sb. doing sth.意为“发现某人在做某事”，现在分词作宾补。故填collecting。 （2024年普陀区二模） Researchers whose first language is not English can spend around twice as long reading an English scientific journal article as native speakers. For a PhD student, that can mean ___21___ (spend) up to 19 additional working days per year just reading papers. These statistics, ___22___ (publish) today in PLOS Biology, might not be shocking, researchers say, but it’s important to measure the effects of language barriers on the careers of academics ___23 (who) ___ are not fluent in English. “It is the first step for the scientific community ___24___ (make) more efforts to solve this problem”, says Tatsuya Amano, a biodiversity researcher at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and a co-author of the study. 【答案】21. spending 22. published 24. to make 【21题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：对于一名博士生来说，这可能意味着每年要多花19个工作日来阅读论文。固定短语mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填spending。 【22题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员说，今天发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》上的这些统计数据可能并不 令人震惊，但衡量语言障碍对英语不流利的学者的职业生涯的影响是很重要的。分析句子结构可知，publish与statistics构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填published。 【24题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰大学的生物多样性研究员、该研究的合著者Tatsuya Amano说：“这是科学界为解决这个问题付出更多努力的第一步。”此处名词step由序数词修饰，常跟动词不定式，作后置定语。故填to make。 实战训练 一、单句语法填空（注意非谓语动词用法） 1．As a habitual coffee drinker and a regular customer, his character named 663 soon finds it hard （not pay） attention to the free-spirited counter girl played by Faye Wong. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】not to play 【详解】考查不定式。句意：作为一个习惯喝咖啡的人和常客，他的角色663很快就发现很难不注意Faye Wong扮演的自由奔放的柜台女孩。find it hard to do，发现很难……，根据句意和所给提示词可知，此空应填不定式的否定结构形式作逻辑宾语，而it为形式宾语。故填not to play。 2．Tony Leung plays the part of a (reject) lover perfectly and gives off an air of being sad without ever really being pathetic (可悲的). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】rejected 【详解】考查形容词。句意：梁朝伟完美地扮演了一个被冷落的恋人，他散发出一种悲伤的气息，但并不真的可悲。空处作定语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语lover之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填rejected。 3．The second story focuses on two people (Tony Leung and Faye Wong) and how they interact with each other at a local fast food store (specialize) in fish and chips, chef’s salad and black coffee. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】specializing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二个故事聚焦于两个人（梁朝伟和王菲），以及他们如何在当地一家专门经营炸鱼薯条、厨师沙拉和黑咖啡的快餐店互动。how引导的宾语从句谓语为interact，此处为非谓语动词，且store与specialize“专门从事”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语，修饰store。故填specializing。 4． (raise) in a family of movie lovers has given me plenty of opportunities to watch movies, especially Hong Kong movies, since I was a little boy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Being raised 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一个电影爱好者的家庭中长大，让我从小就有很多机会看电影，尤其是香港电影。分析句子可知，空处和空后的in a family of movie lovers搭配，作句子的主语，是非谓语动词，且此处介绍的是一件已知的事情，因此应用raise的动名词形式，因raise“抚养，养育”和隐藏的逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动语态，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Being raised。 5．You can’t imagine what great trouble they will have (solve) the problem being discussed at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】solving 【详解】考查动名词。句意：你无法想象他们解决目前正在讨论的问题将会有多大的困难。分析可知，“have trouble (in) doing…”，固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，介词in可省略，动名词作宾语。故填solving。 6．I like getting up early in summer because the morning air is so good (breath). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to breathe 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢在夏天早起，因为早晨的空气呼吸起来很舒服。此处为固定句型：主语+be+adj.+to do，意为“某事做起来是……的”，breathe的逻辑宾语是air，此处用主动形式表达被动含义。故填to breathe。 7．Doctors usually suggest (drink) little wine. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】drinking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：医生通常建议少喝酒。suggest doing sth.是固定用法，表示“建议做某事”。故填drinking。 8．Taking physical exercise regularly is an effective way to avoid (infect) with the flu. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being infected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：定期进行体育锻炼是避免感染流感的有效方法。avoid doing sth.表示“避免做某事”，infect与主语之间是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being infected。故填being infected。 9． (admit) to Fudan University in advance made him feel on top of the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Being admitted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：提前被复旦大学录取使他感到自己处于世界之巅。固定短语be admitted to (被……录取)，用动名词形式作主语，通常表示抽象动作，首字母大写。故填Being admitted。 10．He sat in the stand and imagined (fight) bravely with a fierce bull in the Colosseum.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】fighting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他坐在看台上，想象着在斗兽场与一头凶猛的公牛勇敢地搏斗。imagine doing sth. (想象做某事)，fight用动名词形式，作宾语。故填fighting。 11．With modern traffic control facilities, speeders can’t expect to escape (detect). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being detected 【详解】考查动名词的被动式。句意：有了现代化的交通控制设施，超速者不可能逃脱被发现的命运。escape doing sth. (逃脱做某事)，且detect与逻辑主语speeders是被动关系，detect用动名词的被动式（being done）。故填being detected。 12．Is there any possibility of our the championship? (win) 【答案】winning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们有可能赢得冠军吗？of为介词，后跟动名词作宾语，根据上文our可知此处为动名词的复合结构。故填winning。 13．Rooms (vary) in size are equipped with hair-driers, television and telephone.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】varying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不同大小的房间都配有吹风机、电视和电话。vary和Rooms之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作后置定语，故填varying。 14．Italians throw old things out of their windows at midnight, (symbolize) the departure of the old. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】symbolizing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：意大利人在午夜时分把旧东西扔出窗外，象征着旧人的离去。此处symbolize与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填symbolizing。 15．The plot centers around two separate narratives regarding two policemen (work) within Hong Kong. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】working 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：情节围绕两个单独的叙述展开，讲述的是两名在香港工作的警察。分析句子可知，句子已有谓语动词centers，空处是非谓语动词，work“工作”和policemen逻辑上是主动关系，应用work的现在分词形式，作policemen的后置定语。故填working。 16． (suffer) from heart disease for years, Professor White has to take medicine with him wherever he goes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having suffered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于患有心脏病多年，怀特教授无论走到哪里都得随身带着药。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词has to take，所以suffer用非谓语动词，和逻辑主语Professor White之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，根据时间状语for years可知用现在完成时，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Having suffered。 17．The international conference currently (hold) has caught the attention of the mass media. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being held 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：目前正在举行的国际会议引起了大众媒体的注意。句中有谓语has caught，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，The international conference和动词hold是被动关系，且由currently可知，此处表示“正在举行”，应用现在分词的被动语态being done。故填being held。 18．Many Chinese brands, (develop) their reputations over centuries, are encountering new challenges from the modern market.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】having developed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多中国品牌，已经建立了几个世纪的声誉，正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。句中已有谓语are encountering且无连词，故空处填非谓语动词，develop和逻辑主语brands之间为主动关系，结合时间状语over centuries可知，此处强调非谓语的动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用现在分词的完成式。故填having developed。 19．Listening to music at home is one thing, and going to hear it (perform) live is quite another. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】being performed 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏又是另一回事。hear sb./sth. doing sth.听到某人/某物正在做某事。又因为音乐和演奏之间是被动关系，故用现在分词的被动形式being done。故填being performed。 20．The problem (discuss) at present at the meeting is of great importance. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】being discussed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：会议上正在讨论的问题非常重要。分析句子结构，此处用非谓语动词，作后置定语，修饰the problem，构成被动关系；结合at present，可知此处表达动作正在进行。综合以上分析，being discussed表进行和被动，符合题意。故填being discussed。 21．Many Chinese brands, （develop） their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. （用单词适当形式填空） 【答案】having developed 【详解】考查现在分词完成式。句意：许多中国品牌，享誉数百年，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。本句已有谓语 are facing且无连词，主语Many Chinese brands和动词develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词表主动作状语，表示伴随状况；develop这个动作发生在谓语动词face动作之前，应该使用现在分词的完成式（having done）。故填having developed。 22．The speech (deliver) by the president last week was inspiring.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】delivered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：总统上周发表的讲话鼓舞人心。deliver和speech之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，故填delivered。 23．Tony Leung plays the part of a (reject) lover perfectly and gives off an air of being sad without ever really being pathetic (可悲的). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】rejected 【详解】考查形容词。句意：梁朝伟完美地扮演了一个被冷落的恋人，他散发出一种悲伤的气息，但并不真的可悲。空处作定语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语lover之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填rejected。 24．Only in retrospect (回顾) did the value of appreciating a movie without judging, (accompany) by the joy of sharing become self-evident to me. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】accompanied 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：只有回顾时，不加评判地欣赏一部电影，伴随着分享的喜悦，这种价值对我来说才变得不言而喻。分析句子可知，句子使用了部分倒装，已有谓语动词，空处是非谓语动词，accompany“伴随”和the value of appreciating a movie逻辑上是被动关系，应用accompany的过去分词形式，作定语。故填accompanied。 25． (see) from the west ban of the Hungpu River, the Oriental Pearl Tower looks so tall and grand. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Seen 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：从黄浦江西岸望去，东方明珠塔巍峨雄伟。分析句子结构可知，see在句子中不作为谓语动词使用，句子主语the Oriental Pearl Tower承受see的动作，因此使用过去分词作状语，空格位于句首，故填Seen。 26．To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study (conduct) in Australia in 2021.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】conducted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：回到水污染的问题上来，我想让大家看看2021年在澳大利亚进行的一项研究。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰study，study和conduct为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填conducted。 27．Seeing the soldiers well (prepare) for the fight, the general nodded with satisfaction. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】prepared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到士兵们为战斗做好了充分的准备，将军满意地点了点头。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语动词形式，prepare oneself for something表示“为某事做好准备”，所以the soldiers和prepare为被动关系，再根据句意可知，这里应用过去分词作宾补。故填prepared。 28． (locate) in the northwest of China, Xi’an is seen as the birthplace of the country’s civilization.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Located 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：西安位于中国西北部，被视为中国文明的发祥地。分析句子可知。此空应填非谓语作状语，且 Xi’an与locate为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词形式作状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Located。 29．The old couple often take a walk after supper with the pet dog (follow) them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】following 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：这对老夫妇经常晚饭后散步，宠物狗跟着他们。在with的复合结构中，动词follow意为“跟随”，和逻辑主语the pet dog构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式。故填following。 30．With the homework (finish), he was allowed to watch the football match. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】finished 【详解】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：作业做完后，他被允许去看足球比赛。with的复合结构：with+宾语+宾语补足语（用现在分词表示主动；用过去分词表示被动）；句中homework和finish之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语。故填finished。 31．He pretended (do) his homework when his mother came in. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to be doing 【详解】考查动词不定式的进行时。句意：他妈妈进来了时，他假装在做作业。此处为动词短语pretend to do sth“假装做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式，结合句意可知，当妈妈进来时，他假装做作业的动作正在发生，故用不定式的进行时to be doing作宾语。故填to be doing。 32．Only by making great efforts (prevent) pollution can the problem be solved. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to prevent 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：只有努力防止污染，这个问题才能得到解决。此处为短语make great efforts to do sth.表示“努力做某事”，应填不定式。故填to prevent。 33．The scientist claimed (invent) a new kind of car already. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have invented 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位科学家声称已经发明了一种新型汽车。claim to do “声称要做某事”。根据句中的already可知，“发明”这个动作已经完成，所以此处需要用动词不定式的完成式。故填to have invented。 34．Allen is believed (design) a new computer program at present, but we don’t know when she will finish it. 【答案】to be designing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Allen被认为目前正在设计一个新的电脑程序，但我们不知道她什么时候完成。sb. be believed to do sth.意为“某人被认为做某事”，为固定句型，不定式作主语补足语。根据at present，此处用动词不定式的进行式，表示正在进行。故答案为to be designing。 35．He is thought (act) foolishly, which has caused him to lose his job. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to have acted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们认为他的行为很愚蠢，这使他失去了工作。be thought to do sth“被认为做某事”，且act表示的动作发生在thought之前，故使用动词不定式的完成式，故填to have acted。 36．The English version of the novel is due to (publish) next year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be published 【详解】考查动词不定式的被动语态。句意：这部小说的英文版将于明年出版。be due to do sth.“预计做某事，将要做某事”为固定搭配。动词publish与其逻辑主语The English version 之间存在被动关系，此处应用动词不定式的被动语态to be done。根据空前is due to可知，空处应用be published。故填be published。 37．It is a waste of time (wait) here. He won’t come today. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】waiting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在这里等待是浪费时间。他今天不来。此空考查It is a waste of time doing sth.意为“做某事是浪费时间”，为固定句型。故填waiting。 38． (lie)on the beach in summer can make you relaxed. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Lying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：夏天躺在沙滩上真的会让你感到放松。此处应该填入主语，结合句意，用动名词作为主语，表示一般性的行为，注意首字母大写，故填Lying。 39．They didn’t anticipate (meet) so much trouble in the process. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】meeting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们没想到在这个过程中遇到这么多麻烦。句中anticipate doing sth为固定短语，意为“预料做某事”，设空处作anticipate的宾语，需用动名词形式。故填meeting。 40．My teacher recommended (read) the book before seeing the movie. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】reading 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的老师建议在看电影之前先读这本书。recommend doing sth.表示“建议做某事”，所以空处应填动名词reading作宾语。故填reading。 41．Tom denied (persuade) Mary to predict that the future of AI careers was potential. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】persuading 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆否认曾说服玛丽预测人工智能职业的未来是有潜力的。此处为短语deny doing sth.表示“否认做过某事”。故填persuading。 42．The match was canceled because most of the members objected to (have) a match without a standard court. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】having 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：比赛被取消，因为大多数成员反对在没有标准球场的情况下进行比赛。分析句子可知，这里考查object to doing，表“反对做某事”，为固定搭配，所以这里应用动名词作介词后宾语。故填having。 43．The children got down to (prepare) popcorn the instant they got they needed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 preparing what 【详解】考查非谓语动词以及宾语从句。句意：孩子们一得到所需的东西就开始准备爆米花。get down to“开始认真做某事”，为固定短语，其中to为介词，所以第一个空处需要动名词作宾语。第二个空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的东西”，所以用what引导该从句。故填①preparing②what。 44．Our comfort foods (vary) from person to person have shaped our lives. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】varying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们所钟爱的食物因人而异，塑造了我们的生活。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，Our comfort foods与vary为主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式。故填varying。 45．The book, (contain) valuable insights into modern art, is a must-read for students in the field. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】containing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书包含了对现代艺术的宝贵见解，是该领域学生的必读之作。contain与book为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填containing。 46． (not f ind) the missing boy, they had to stay there for another two weeks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Not having found 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有找到失踪的男孩，他们不得不在那里再待两个星期。空处作状语，they与find之间为主动关系，且状语动作发生在主句之前，用现在分词的完成式的否定形式。故填Not having found。 47． (wait) in line for 2 hours, the angry man yelled at the counter agent. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Having waited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：排了两个小时的队后，那个愤怒的人对柜台服务员大喊大叫。空格处用非谓语形式作状语，动词wait与句子的主语the angry man之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式，且此处强调wait这一动作发生在男人大喊大叫之前，应用现在分词的完成式，having置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having waited。 48．A smile shows you are attentive to the issued (discuss), while looking away with your arms folded can indicate d is interest and create distrust or friction. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being discussed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：句意：微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉地望向别处则表示不感兴趣，并产生不信任或摩擦。空处修饰名词issues作定语，表示正在进行的动作，并且和名词之间是被动关系，应用现在分词的被动语态。故填being discussed。 49．When (equip) with new scientific farming methods, farmers can use less farmland to produce more. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】equipped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当配备了新的科学耕作方法时，农民可以使用更少的农田来生产更多的作物。When引导的时间状语从句省略了主语，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语farmers和equip之间是动宾关系，所以空处应用过去分词。When equipped...补充完整为When they are equipped...，省略主语和be动词。故填equipped。 50．The committee (establish) last year holds a meeting every month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】established 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：去年成立的委员会每月召开一次会议。“(establish) last year”作后置定语，establish(建立，设立)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The committee之间是被动关系，用过去分词established表被动。故填established。 二、句子翻译 1．汤姆被这个坏消息弄得心烦意乱，不得不向她寻求建议。(Upset)(汉译英) 【答案】Upset by the bad news, Tom had to seek advice from her. 【详解】考查非谓语动词及时态。陈述过去的动作，为一般过去时。“被这个坏消息弄得心烦意乱”，这里 upset与主语 Tom 是被动关系，即 Tom 被坏消息弄得心烦意乱，所以用过去分词短语 Upset by the bad news 作原因状语 。“不得不”表达为 have to ，“寻求建议”是 seek advice，“向某人寻求建议”用 seek advice from sb，“她”用her。故译为 Upset by the bad news, Tom had to seek advice from her. 2．上海车展一直是公众感受全球新品首发的“打卡地”。(launch) (汉译英) 【答案】The Shanghai Auto Show has always been a “check-in spot” for the public to experience the global launch of new products. 【详解】考查名词、动词、短语、不定式和时态。表示“上海车展”应用名词短语The Shanghai Auto Show，作句子主语；表示“一直是”应用 has always been，结合语境可知用现在完成时；表示“打卡地”应用名词短语a “check-in spot”，作表语；表示“公众”应用名词the public；表示“感受”应用动词experience；表示“全球新品首发”结合提示词launch，短语为the global launch of new products，其中launch为名词，作动词experience的宾语；“公众感受全球新品首发的”为不定式短语for the public to experience the global launch of new products，作后置定语修饰a “check-in spot”。故翻译为The Shanghai Auto Show has always been a “check-in spot” for the public to experience the global launch of new products. 3．这段长达14公里的城墙最初是为御敌而建，如今已成为举世闻名的历史古迹。（defend） 【答案】This 14-kilometer-long wall, originally built to defend against enemies, has now become a world-famous historic site. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和固定短语。主语“这段长达14公里的城墙”译为This 14-kilometer-long wall，“为御敌”表目的，且enemy在此为泛指，需用复数形式enemies，译为to defend against enemies，“最初”是副词，译为originally。为使句子简洁，用过去分词短语作定语。“最初是为御敌而建”译为built to defend against enemies。“如今已成为举世闻名的历史古迹”中，“已成为”强调过去动作对现在造成的结果和影响，故使用现在完成时has become, “举世闻名的”译为固定短语world-famous作定语, “历史古迹”译为historic site。故翻译为：This 14-kilometer-long wall, originally built to defend against enemies, has now become a world-famous historic site. 4．他提前预定了展览的门票，所以才能有机会欣赏到这些国内外的优秀画作。（appreciate）(汉译英) 【答案】He had booked the ticket for the exhibition in advance, so he could have the opportunity to appreciate these superb paintings from home and abroad. 【详解】考查动词时态。表示“他”应用he；表示“预定”应用book，此处表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时；表示“展览的门票”应用the ticket for the exhibition；表示“提前”应用in advance；表示“所以”应用so；表示“能”应用could；表示“有机会”应用have the opportunity；表示“欣赏”应用appreciate，修饰名词opportunity，需用动词不定式作后置定语；表示“这些国内外的优秀画作”应用 these superb paintings from home and abroad。故翻译成：He had booked the ticket for the exhibition in advance, so he could have the opportunity to appreciate these superb paintings from home and abroad. 5．途经花海，看到无数飞舞的蝴蝶，女主角心想应该带上相机记录这一刻。(come across) (汉译英) 【答案】 While coming across the flower sea and seeing countless flying butterflies, the heroine thought to herself (that) she should have brought her camera to record this moment. 【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和宾语从句。句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语“女主角”the heroine，“心想”think to oneself，动词使用过去式形式thought，使用反身代词herself表示“她自己”，后接that引导的宾语从句，可以省略，从句主语she，“（本）应该带上”should have brought，后接宾语“她的相机”her camera，“记录这一刻”为record this moment，动词使用不定式形式作目的状语；“途径花海”come across the flower sea，作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语the heroine之间是主动关系，“看到无数飞舞的蝴蝶”为see countless flying butterflies，与逻辑主语the heroine之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式作状语，使用并列连词and连接并列的非谓语动词短语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为While coming across the flower sea and seeing countless flying butterflies, the heroine thought to herself (that) she should have brought her camera to record this moment. 6．DeepSeek等人工智能助手让海量信息触手可及，一经推出便迅速走红。(popularity) (汉译英) 【答案】AI assistants such as DeepSeek make (massive) amounts of information readily accessible (at our fingertips/ easy to access), gaining in popularity upon their release. 【详解】考查动词时态和固定短语以及非谓语动词。根据汉语提示，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时；同时句子结构为主谓宾+宾补；表示“人工智能助手 ”用AI assistants，为句子的主语；表示“如DeepSeek”用such as Deep Seek；表示“使……触手可及”用make sth readily accessible (at one’s fingertips/easy to access)，其中make为句子的谓语，readily accessible为句子的宾补成分；表示“海量信息”用(massive) amounts of information，为句子的宾语。表示“一经推出”用upon their release；表示“迅速走红”用gain in popularity，此处使用现在分词作状语。故翻译为AI assistants such as DeepSeek make (massive) amounts of information readily accessible (at our fingertips/ easy to access), gaining in popularity upon their release. 7．我们对甜食的偏爱可以追溯到史前时期，怪不得戒糖是个难题。(trace)(汉译英) 【答案】Our preference for sweet food can be traced back to prehistoric times. No wonder quitting sugar is a challenge. 【详解】考查固定短语、动词语态和非谓语动词。表示“对……的偏爱”用固定短语preference for，表示“我们对甜食的偏爱”用our preference for sweet food在句中作主语，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“可以追溯到”用can be traced back to，和主语preference之间是被动关系，用含有情态动词的被动语态can be traced back to，其中to为介词；表示“史前时期”用prehistoric times；表示“怪不得”用no wonder，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“戒糖”用quit sugar，作主语，用动名词短语quitting sugar；表示“是个难题”用be a challenge，本句陈述客观事实，故时态用一般现在时，且动名词短语quitting sugar作主语，be动词用单数is。故翻译为Our preference for sweet food can be traced back to prehistoric times. No wonder quitting sugar is a challenge. 8．我们特别感激英语老师们不辞辛劳，利用课余时间帮我们解决英语学习中的难题。（appreciate）（汉译英） 【答案】We especially appreciate the English teachers for working tirelessly and using their spare time to help us solve problems in our English learning. 【详解】考查动词，短语和时态。“我们”用人称代词we作主语，“感谢某人做某事”用appreciate sb for doing sth表示，描述客观情况用一般现在时。“特别”用副词especially作状语，修饰动词，“英语老师们”用the English teachers作宾语，“不辞辛劳”用work tirelessly表示，“利用课余时间做某事”表示为use their spare time to do sth，“帮某人做某事”表示为help sb do sth，“解决英语学习中的难题”表示为solve problems in our English learning。故译为We especially appreciate the English teachers for working tirelessly and using their spare time to help us solve problems in our English learning. 9．随着大家健康意识的提高，逢年过节时不再像以前那样胡吃海喝了，正所谓健康的关键在于饮食。（as）（汉译英） 【答案】With people’s awareness of health raised, they no longer indulge in excessive eating and drinking during holidays as they used to. As the saying goes, the key to health consists in diet. 【详解】考查时态、with复合结构、方式状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句。表示“随着大家健康意识的提高”用with复合结构With people’s awareness of health raised作状语，其中people’s awareness of health“大家的健康意识”作介词宾语，和raise“提高”为被动关系，故用过去分词raised作宾补；主句部分“逢年过节时不再像以前那样胡吃海喝了”，陈述事实用一般现在时。结合句意可知，主句主语为“他们”用they，表示“不再胡吃海喝了”用no longer indulge in excessive eating and drinking。“不再像以前那样”用as they used to，其中as引导的方式状语从句；表示“正所谓健康的关键在于饮食”可用as引导的非限制性定语从句，“正所谓”译为as the saying goes，“健康的关键在于饮食”主语使用名词短语the key to health，谓语动词consist in意为“在于”可作谓语，使用一般现在时第三人称单数形式，diet作其宾语。故翻译为With people’s awareness of health raised, they no longer indulge in excessive eating and drinking during holidays as they used to. As the saying goes, the key to health consists in diet. 10．如果您能慷慨解囊，为那些身患癌症的家庭提供帮助，我们将不胜感激。(appreciate) (汉译英) 【答案】We would greatly appreciate it if you could generously provide assistance to those families affected by cancer. 【详解】考查固定句型，副词和非谓语动词。句中表示“如果你能……，我们将不胜感激”使用固定句型we would greatly appreciate it if you could do sth，此处it为形式宾语，if引导的从句为真正的宾语；表示“慷慨解囊为……提供帮助”用generously provide assistance to sb；表示“那些身患癌症的家庭”用those families affected by cancer，此处使用过去分词affected作后置定语，修饰those families。故翻译为We would greatly appreciate it if you could generously provide assistance to those families affected by cancer. 11．这个小镇的年度节日充满了家庭的欢笑，展示了该社区丰富的文化和传统。（alive）（汉译英） 【答案】The annual festival of the town is alive with joyous laughter of the families, showing the rich culture and tradition of the community. 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词和时态。“这个小镇的年度节日”译为the annual festival of the town，作主语；“充满”用所给提示词alive的固定短语be alive with作谓语，句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语为单数，be动词用is；“家庭的欢笑”译为joyous laughter of the families，作宾语。“展示了该社区丰富的文化和传统”可用非谓语动词短语去表达，“展示”与主语the annual festival之间是主动关系，用现在分词showing作伴随状语；“该社区丰富的文化和传统”译为the rich culture and tradition of the community，作showing的宾语。故整句话可译为：The annual festival of the town is alive with joyous laughter of the families, showing the rich culture and tradition of the community. 12．来自全国各地的选手在空中放飞风筝，争相展示他们的风筝技艺和创新风格。(display) 【答案】Participants from all over the country flew kites in the air, competing to display their kite-flying skills and innovative styles. 【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。分析句子可知，这里时态可用一般过去时表过去情况。表示“来自全国各地的选手”应用participants from all over the country，在本句中作主语，其中from all over the country(来自全国各地的)为介词短语作后置定语；表示“在空中放飞风筝”应用flew kites in the air，其中in the air(在空中)为介词短语作状语；表示“争相展示”应用competing to display，主句主语Participants与compete为主动关系，所以这里用现在分词形式作状语；表示“他们的风筝技艺和创新风格”应用their kite-flying skills and innovative styles，为名词短语作宾语。故翻译为Participants from all over the country flew kites in the air, competing to display their kite-flying skills and innovative styles. 13．通过参与各类志愿者项目，学生们意识到了团队精神的重要性。（involve）（汉译英） 【答案】By involving themselves in various volunteer programs, students have realized the importance of teamwork spirit. 【详解】考查介词短语，非谓语动词以及动词时态。表示“通过做某事”用by doing sth，此处使用动名词作宾语；表示“参与”involve oneself in sth；表示“各类志愿者项目”用various volunteer programs；表示“学生们”用students，其为句子的主语，表示“意识到”用realize，此处表示动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，故使用现在完成时即have realized，为句子的谓语；表示“……的重要性”用the importance of sth；表示“团队精神”用名词短语teamwork spirit。故翻译为By involving themselves in various volunteer programs, students have realized the importance of teamwork spirit. 14．若想获得真切的感悟，我们就必须扎根于现实生活，与身边的人产生真挚的联结。（anchor）（汉译英） 【答案】To gain genuine insights, we must anchor ourselves in real life and build sincere connections with the people around us. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句子描述客观事实，使用一般现在时；“若想获得真切的感悟”在句中作目的状语，应用不定式形式to gain genuine insights，位于句首单词，首字母需大写；“我们”作主语，用we；“必须”用情态动词must；“扎根于”用固定搭配anchor oneself in，情态动词后加动词原形，故anchor要用动词原形，且主语是we，故oneself变成ourselves；“现实生活”作宾语，用real life；“与……建立联结”用固定搭配build connection with，用and连接作并列谓语；“真挚的”作定语修饰connection，用形容词sincere；“身边的人”作宾语，用the people around us。故翻译为To gain genuine insights, we must anchor ourselves in real life and build sincere connections with the people around us. 15．这位新上任的村官今年最重要的工作就是提倡婚丧从简，推进移风易俗。(advocate) (汉译英) 【答案】This newly-appointed village official’s most important task of this year is to advocate a new custom of simplifying weddings and funerals. 【详解】考查名词、形容词、动词、非谓语动词和时态。“这位新上任的村官”可译为this newly-appointed village official，作定语，用名词所有格形式this newly-appointed village official’s；主语“今年最重要的工作”用most important task of this year，谓语“是”用系动词，描述一般性事实用一般现在时态is；“提倡婚丧从简，推进移风易俗”用动词短语advocate a new custom of simplifying weddings and funerals，用不定式作表语，表示要去做的事情。综上，全句译为：This newly appointed village official’s most important task of this year is to advocate a new custom of simplifying weddings and funerals. 16．尽管高铁车厢拥挤，婴儿还是紧贴着母亲平稳的心跳，安然入睡。(against) (汉译英) 【答案】Despite the cramped high-speed train compartment, the baby slept peacefully, pressed against her mother’s steady heartbeat. ‌ 【详解】考查介词、形容词、副词、名词、动词和非谓语动词。句子在描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时；“尽管高铁车厢拥挤”为状语，其中“尽管”可用介词despite，其宾语“拥挤的高铁车厢”可用名词短语the cramped high-speed train compartment，主语“婴儿”可用名词the baby，可将“入睡”作为谓语，可用动词sleep，状语“安然”可用副词peacefully，“紧贴着母亲平稳的心跳”可看作是伴随的状态，用分词作状语，“紧贴着”可用短语press…against，press和the baby逻辑上是被动关系，因此用press的过去分词形式，against的宾语“母亲平稳的心跳”可用名词短语her mother’s steady heartbeat。故可译为：Despite the cramped high-speed train compartment, the baby slept peacefully, pressed against her mother’s steady heartbeat. ‌ 17．既要让森林与城市融合，更要让市民充分参与并享受绿色城市的氛围，与自然和谐共生。(It) (汉译英) 【答案】It is essential to integrate forests with the city and, more importantly, to encourage citizens to fully enjoy the atmosphere of a green city, living in harmony with nature. 【详解】考查固定句型，短语，时态和非谓语动词。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，根据句意和提示可用固定句型It is essential to do（有必要做某事），让森林与城市融合表达为“integrate forests with the city”，”更要、更重要的是”可以用短语more importantly，鼓励某人去做某事用固定短语“encourage sb to go”，所以“让市民充分参与并享受绿色城市的氛围”翻译为“encourage citizens to fully enjoy the atmosphere of a green city”，和“integrate forests with the city”并列，用and连接，与自然和谐共生表达为“live in harmony with nature”，此处用现在分词作伴随状语，故翻译为It is essential to integrate forests with the city and, more importantly, to encourage citizens to fully enjoy the atmosphere of a green city, living in harmony with nature. 18．无怪乎众多语言学家对其如痴如醉，因为语言薪火相传，见证沧桑，记录科技的日新月异。（It）（汉译英） 【答案】It’s no wonder that many linguists are deeply fascinated by it, for language, passed down from generation to generation, bears witness to the changes of time and records the rapid advancements of science and technology. 【详解】考查固定句型、非谓语动词和动词短语。根据句意，“无怪乎”是客观陈述，主句使用一般现在时；“薪火相传”“见证”“记录”为客观事实，从句使用一般现在时。表示“无怪乎……”为固定句型It’s no wonder that...，It作形式主语，that引导主语从句，“众多语言学家”为many linguists作主语从句主语，“对其如痴如醉”为are deeply fascinated by it，所以“无怪乎众多语言学家对其如痴如醉”为主句It’s no wonder that many linguists are deeply fascinated by it，表示“因为语言薪火相传，见证沧桑，记录科技的日新月异”为for引导的原因状语从句，“语言”为language作主语，“薪火相传”为passed down from generation to generation，过去分词短语作后置定语修饰language，“见证沧桑”为bears witness to the changes of time作谓语和宾语，“记录科技的日新月异”为records the rapid advancements of science and technology，使用并列连词and连接两个并列结构。故翻译为It’s no wonder that many linguists are deeply fascinated by it, for language, passed down from generation to generation, bears witness to the changes of time and records the rapid advancements of science and technology. 19．从小县城发家，这家公司以其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才，在短短十年内成为行业翘楚。(originate, thanks to, vision) (汉译英) 【答案】Originating from a small county, this company, thanks to its unique vision, advanced products and innovative talents, has become a leader in the industry within just ten years. 【详解】考查动词（短语）、介词短语、形容词、名词和非谓语动词。主干部分为“这家公司在短短十年内成为行业翘楚”，描述过去发生的行为现在产生的结果，时态应用现在完成时，主语“这家公司”可用名词短语this company，为单数，系动词“成为”可用动词become，助动词用has，表语“行业翘楚”可用名词短语a leader in the industry，时间状语“在短短十年内”可用介词短语within just ten years；“从小县城发家”可用分词作状语，“从……发家”可用动词短语originate from，和主语company之间是主动关系，originate用现在分词的形式，“小县城”可用名词短语a small county；“以其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才”可理解为“多亏了其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才”，“多亏了”可用介词短语thanks to，“其独到眼光”可用名词短语its unique vision，“先进产品”可用名词短语advanced products，“创新人才”可用名词短语innovative talents，三个短语之间是并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故可译为：Originating from a small county, this company, thanks to its unique vision, advanced products and innovative talents, has become a leader in the industry within just ten years. 20．用公共艺术激发并提升展现更多城市商业的活力，在我们身边可以看到很多案例。(example) (汉译英) 【答案】We can see many examples around us of using public art to inspire and enhance the vitality of urban commerce. 【详解】考查情态动词，动名词和固定短语。主语“我们”表达为we，“可以”用情态动词can，“看到”用动词see接在情态动词后，用动词原形，“我们身边的很多案例”作宾语，表达为“many examples around us”，“用……去做……”为固定短语use...to do...，“公共艺术”表达为public art，“激发并提升展现更多城市商业的活力”表达为inspire and enhance the vitality of urban commerce：所以“用公共艺术激发并提升展现更多城市商业的活力”翻译为use public art to inspire and enhance the vitality of urban commerce，和“许多案例”是所属关系，用of连接，use接在of后用动名词作宾语，故翻译为We can see many examples around us of using public art to inspire and enhance the vitality of urban commerce. 三、真题演练 1.（2022年秋考）An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society(24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm 【答案】24.develops 【解析】考查一般现在时。此句的主语是 An entrepreneur，该空是一个谓语动词,且与前面的 perceives 并列，时态还是一般现在时，故填入 develops。句意:企业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求，发展出了一个商业想法，然后主动创办了自己的公司。此空的陷阴主谱后面的空格处动词，惯性思维理解为非谓语结构。实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构。此题的失分较多，很多同学们会填写 developing:事实 上是 develops 2.（2022年春考）We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 【答案】 24,has not happened [解析]考查现在完成时的否定结构。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，故填入 has not happened。句意:我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。 3.（2021年秋考）When people arrive in a new place , they may bring in bacteria that ( 21)__________( not be) present in the past. 【答案】21.were not 【解析】考查一般过去时的否定结构。根据句子结构分析，该空所处句子结构为定语从句，修饰 bacteria，但是bacteria 为名词复数形式(类似data)，又根据此处的时间状语 in the past 可知，此处需要填入一般过去时态，且该句为陈述句，故此处填入 were not。此题作为新高考英语的创新型试题，考查同学们语篇语境下的语法应用能力。Be作为助动词，其与后面的表语一起构成谓语结构。 4.（2020年秋考） The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion (1639-1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch—face design, with two (and sometimes three) hands moving around a single dial, (30)________ (remain) largely unchanged in all that time. 【答案】30. has remained 【解析】考查现在完成时，in all hat time 表示“在那段时间”根据句意:“第一块怀表是由托马斯·汤普森(1639-1714)在330 年前在英国发明的，他的表面设计，两个(有时三个)秒针在一个表盘上移动，在这段时间里基本上没有改变。” 5.（2020年春考）The latter (28)_________ (predict) that Motecuhzoma’s kingdom would fall and the game was set-up to establish the truth of this bold prediction. 【答案】 28. had predicted 【解析】考查时态语态—过去完成时。根据本空后that连接的从句，可知predict引导宾语从句，从句表述了预测的内容...kingdom would fall..., 从句为过去时，预测的动作必然发生在过去的过去，因此要用过去完成，故用had predicted。 8 / 37 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $