UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS 纯话题阅读-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册作业与测评全书Word（人教版）

英语　必修·第一册[人教版]作业与测评 经验贴19　阅读时关注文章的首段和文章的尾段。 Physical education, or gym class, isn't required for all high school students. In some schools, it isn't offered for some different reasons. But should high school students have physical education? The answer is certainly “yes”． Today many people don't do sports. But as is known to all, doing sports is very important for an adult. Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult. High school isn't that easy. Many students are under a lot of stress. Stress can be harmful to a student's studies and life. Doing sports can help them deal with stress better, helping them live a happier life at school. The American Heart Association says that 10 million kids and teens suffer from obesity (肥胖症). Teens should get 60 minutes of physical activity per day to control their weight and to help their bones get stronger. The increase in activities that don't get teens to move around, such as video games and computer activities, means many teens don't get their required exercise. Physical education classes act as a public health measure to encourage activity and help teens have healthy weights. Inactivity increases teens' risk of developing many diseases. An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems. As much as 75 percent of health­care spending goes toward treating medical conditions that can be hindered by lifestyle changes, according to the American College of Sports Medicine. According to the President's Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition (PCFSN), students who performed five hours of physical activity each week improved their academic (学业的) performance. Students from programs with no physical activity, who used the extra time for classroom study, did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了上体育课对高中生的身体和学习都有好处。 1．According to Paragraph 2, what does physical education in high school mean? A．Helping teens learn to make good plans. B．Removing the stress faced by teens at school. C．Getting teens to encourage adults to exercise. D．Making teens attach importance to exercise later. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Teaching teens the importance of ... as an adult.(教育青少年健康生活方式的重要性，现在就制定健身计划，可以帮助他们成年后把锻炼放在首位。)”可知，高中体育课可以帮助青少年重视以后的锻炼。故选D。 2．What does the underlined word “hindered” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Measured. B．Shown. C．Prevented. D．Caused. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“An active lifestyle ... medical conditions(积极的生活方式能有效预防此类健康问题。高达75%的医疗保健支出用于治疗疾病)”及画线词后的“by lifestyle changes(通过生活方式的改变)”可知，积极的生活方式可以避免一些健康问题，即改变生活方式可以阻止疾病，hindered意为“阻止”，与prevented同义。故选C。 3．According to the PCFSN, what does doing sports mean? A．Helping students do better in their studies. B．Helping students make good use of all their time. C．Helping students adjust to their studies better. D．Making students choose between sports and studies. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“According to ... academic (学业的) performance.(根据总统健康、运动和营养委员会(PCFSN)的说法，每周进行5小时体育锻炼的学生的学业成绩有所提高。)”可知，根据PCFSN的说法，运动能帮助学生在学习上做得更好。故选A。 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How high school students can live a better life. B.Why high school students should receive physical education. C．Why some schools consider physical education important. D.How schools can help students love doing sports. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段引入高中应该开设体育课的话题，下文主要围绕体育运动对青少年的好处展开，即文章主要说明了高中生接受体育教育的理由。故选B。 According to a large study of activity levels and arthritis (关节炎) pain, there seems to be no link between the amount of exercise people do and whether they develop painful osteoarthritis in their knees. But the research couldn't rule out that high－impact forms of exercise like running bring on the condition. Osteoarthritis is more common as people get older and is sometimes called a “wear and tear” condition. Arthritic knees often have obvious damage to their cartilage which covers and protects the ends of bones. Earlier studies have found conflicting (矛盾的) results on whether exercise can make arthritis more likely. So Lucy Gates at the University of Southampton in the UK and her colleagues joined together the results of six such studies, which over 5，000 people took part in who firstly had no knee pain or other sign of arthritis. At the beginning, people were asked about how much exercise they did, including playing sports, walking and cycling. They recorded the general time spent exercising each week, and their activities were graded by their metabolic equivalent, or MET (代谢当量) scores, a standard way of dividing activities into different types according to how much they raise a person's metabolic rate. At the end of the studies, which lasted from five to twelve years, people were also asked if they had developed knee pain or arthritis. The probability of developing arthritis wasn't associated with activity levels, either by how much time people spent exercising each week or by their total time and MET scores. “There's more work to be done on telling apart risk and different types of activity，” says Gates. “The next step is to figure out how different weight－bearing activities might change things. We can't say there's no relationship there，” says team member Thomas Perry at the University of Oxford. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。人们一直认为运动会导致骨关节炎，然而研究表明并非如此。 5．What is the finding of the large study? A．Too much exercise leads to arthritis. B．Arthritis is common among old people. C．Sports－loving persons are in better health. D．Exercise may not be responsible for osteoarthritis. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a large study ... painful osteoarthritis in their knees.”可知，一项大型研究表明，人们的运动量与是否患骨关节炎似乎没有关系。故选D。 6．What made Lucy Gates and her colleagues do the large study? A．Their love for exercise. B．The goal to treat knee pain. C．The results of earlier studies. D．Their care for those 5，000 people. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Earlier studies have found ... the results of six such studies”可知，以往关于运动是否让人更有可能患上骨关节炎的各项研究得出的结论互相矛盾，所以Lucy Gates (露西·盖茨)和她的同事们进行了这项大型研究。故选C。 7．How did Lucy Gates and her colleagues do the large study? A．By studying the cause of pain knees. B．By tracking and recording for a long time. C．By asking people to fill in online questionnaires. D.By grading and recording people's metabolic rates. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“At the end of the studies ... knee pain or arthritis.(研究持续了5到12年，在研究结束时，人们还被问及他们是否患有膝盖疼痛或关节炎。)”可推知， Lucy Gates和她的同事们通过长时间的跟踪和记录来完成这次研究。故选B。 8．In which column of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Education. B．Jobs. C．Sports. D．Arts. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项关于骨关节炎与运动关联的研究。由此可推知，本文很可能出现在报纸的运动专栏。故选C。 Pilates (普拉提), yoga and the running machine get all the attention when it comes to popular ways to keep fit. There is, however, a more humble exercise that might not be so attractive, but has all the benefits—walking. Certified fitness professional Jolynn Jaekel explains, “What I love about walking is that anyone can do it at any age and any fitness level. Plus it is good for your heart, your head and your wallet.” A recent report detailed the health benefits of walking. The report found that walking regularly to fulfill the 150 minutes of moderate physical exercise every week, recommended by the UK's chief medical officer, could save 37，000 lives each year. Scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California found that quick walking reduced the risk of heart disease more effectively than running. They observed participants aged between 18 and 80 over a six­year period and found that walking reduced the risk of heart disease by 9.3%, while running reduced it by 4.5%. And there is even more good news: 30 minutes of quick walking over five days could help you sleep easily, according to research by Oregon State University. The study by the university showed that walking helped participants sleep better and feel more alert during the day. The sooner you get started, the sooner you'll notice the differences in your mind and body. So, go out for your 30­minute walk in a nearby park or green space. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了健康生活方式中最简单有效的锻炼方式——散步。 9．What does the underlined word “humble” probably mean in the first paragraph? A．Relaxing. B．Plain. C．Popular. D．Active. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，作者推荐了“散步”这种锻炼方式，与句中“Pilates (普拉提), yoga and the running machine”相比较，这种方式普通，没有太大吸引力，由此可推知，画线词humble和plain意思相近，表示“普通的，没有特别之处的”。故选B。 10．What does Jolynn Jaekel think of walking? A．It's loved by people of all ages. B．It's much healthier than running. C．It's becoming more and more popular. D．It's a money­saving physical exercise. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What I love ... your wallet.(我喜欢散步，因为任何人在任何年龄、任何健康水平下都可以进行这项运动。此外，散步对你的心脏、大脑和钱包都有好处。)”可知，Jolynn Jaekel (乔琳·雅克尔)认为散步除了对人的心脏和大脑有好处外，还可以省钱。故选D。 11．What did scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory find? A．Walking helps people with sleep problems. B．Walking contributes to curing heart disease. C．Walking is better than running in some cases. D．Walking 150 minutes per week can save lives. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ... than running.”可知，加利福尼亚州劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室的科学家们发现，快走比跑步更能有效降低患心脏病的风险，即散步在某些方面优于跑步。故选C。 12．In which section of a newspaper can we read this text? A．Lifestyle. B．Comment. C．Education. D．Science. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Pilates (普拉提), yoga and the running machine ... all the benefits—walking.”可知，本文主要介绍了最简单有效的锻炼方式——散步。由此可推知，该文章可能出自报纸上生活方式的版块。故选A。 For many years, Croatian­American recording artist Nenad Bach toured the world performing with famous musicians like Bono and Pavarotti. Everything came to a stop in 2010, however, when Nenad was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease—a progressive disease that affects a person's movement. “I love music，” he said. “When I was diagnosed with Parkinson's in 2010, I didn't know what it was. Five years later, I couldn't even play the guitar.” One day, a friend of Nenad's asked him to play ping­pong with him, and Nenad said yes. The effects were immediate and positive: he woke up the next day filled with a “desire to live”， and his physical and mental issues had improved. Encouraged, he kept playing. For months he told everyone around him about how ping­pong was helping his Parkinson's, but his praise fell on deaf ears. Finally, he took matters into his own hands and started hosting Ping Pong Parkinson's events at the Westchester Table Tennis Center in Pleasantville, New York. Once the events attracted enough attention, he started an organization called Ping Pong Parkinson (PPP) in March 2017. PPP hopes to encourage people living with Parkinson's to play ping­pong for its benefits. In addition to promoting social connectivity, PPP also says that it increases neuroplasticity (神经可塑性) which creates new neural pathways in the brain. Nenad has seen evidence of this with his own eyes many times in the past years. He said that their “facial expression changes from when they arrive until they leave. In addition, some people start walking again.” Nenad has made spreading the word about the power of ping­pong his new life's work! He hopes others will take up the sport and see the same improvements he's enjoyed since the first time he picked up a paddle (乒乓球拍). 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Nenad (尼纳德)被诊断患有帕金森症，和朋友打乒乓球激发了他活下去的欲望，并成立了一个名为乒乓帕金森(PPP)的组织，希望鼓励患有帕金森症的人打乒乓球。 13．What happened to Nenad in 2015? A．His disease got worse. B．He learned to perform. C．He began to play the guitar. D．His acting journey ended. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When I was diagnosed ... I couldn't even play the guitar.(当我在2010年被诊断出患有帕金森症时，我不知道这是什么病。五年后，我甚至不能弹吉他了。)”可推知，2015年Nenad的病情恶化了。故选A。 14．What caused Nenad to have hopes for life again? A．Organizing social events. B．Taking his mind off his work. C．Setting up Ping Pong Parkinson. D．Playing ping­pong with his friend. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One day ... ‘desire to live’(一天，Nenad的一个朋友邀请他一起打乒乓球，Nenad答应了。效果是立竿见影并且积极的：他第二天醒来时充满了‘活下去的欲望’)”可知，和朋友打乒乓球让Nenad重新燃起对生活的希望。故选D。 15．What was people's attitude to Nenad's words about ping­pong at first? A．Uncertain. B．Favorable. C．Uninterested. D．Curious. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For months he told everyone ... fell on deaf ears. (几个月来，他告诉身边的每个人乒乓球是如何帮助他治疗帕金森症的，但他的称赞被置若罔闻。)”可推知，起初人们对Nenad关于乒乓球的话是不感兴趣的。故选C。 16．What's the best title for the passage? A．Nenad's Fighting Against Parkinson B．The Benefits of Playing Ping­pong C．The Severity of Parkinson's Disease D．The Sporting Experience of Nenad 答案：A 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，Nenad被诊断患有帕金森症，和朋友打乒乓球激发了他活下去的欲望，并成立了一个名为乒乓帕金森(PPP)的组织，希望鼓励患有帕金森症的人为了自身健康打乒乓球。由此可知，A项(Nenad在和帕金森作斗争)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $