【中职专用】动词课件-语法专项突破

职教高考 语法专项 （一） 动 词 （实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词） 动 词 Verbs 一、动词的定义 二、动词的分类 三、动词的用法 导学目录 动词：是用来描述主语的动作、行为或状态的词， 在句子中作谓语，是句子不可缺少的部分。 一、动词的定义 知识解析 The girl is reading. They are playing basketball. 谓语（表示动作） She looks young for her age. 谓语（表示动作） 谓语（表示状态） 英语中的动词以不同的形式体现： ◎动作发生的时间（即时态）； ◎主动发出动作还是被动接受动作（即语态）； ◎说话的口气情感等（即语气）； They lived here for twenty years. The building was burnt down. Speak a little louder, please. lived过去式表示过去发生的动作。 was burnt表示 被动语态。 Speak动词原形表示祈使语气。 二、动词分类 分为实义动词；系动词；情态动词；助动词 动 词 分类 特征 举例 实义 及物 动词 后面直接跟宾语( read, lend,) I teach English. He teaches physics. 动词 不及物动词 后面不能直接跟宾语( come, rain,) He is standing. 系动词 后面跟表语(be,keep,stand,seem,feel,become,) The flowers look very beautiful. She is a good student. 情态动词 与其后的动词原形共同构成谓语 (can,may,must,need) I can swim. 助动词 无实意，在句中表示时态、语态、疑问或否定等。(be,have,do,shall,should,will,would) He has been to Beijing twice.(表示时态) His mother was saved.（表示语态） Do you often watch TV ?（表示疑问） I don’t know what to do.（表示否定） 5 三、动词的用法 1.实义动词用法 实义动词表示动作或状态的动词，能独立作谓语。分为及物动词和不及物动词。 Could I read the letter to you? （2）不及物动词：不可以直接跟宾语。但有些不及物动词和介词或副词 搭配使用时可以跟宾语。 （1）及物动词： 后面能直接跟宾语。 The child hid himself behind the door. My parents bought me a new computer. It is raining hard. He arrived at the station at six o’clock. 2.系动词用法 (1) 状态系动词： (2) 持续系动词： (3) 表象系动词： (4) 感官系动词： (5) 转变或结果系动词： 表示主语的状态、性质、身份的动词。 She is a good swimmer. 表示主语继续或保持一种状态或情况的动词。 The house stood empty for years. 表示看起来这一概念的动词。（seem，look，appear） He seems to be very angry. They looked very tired. 表示人的感觉的动词。（sound, feel, taste, smell） The food tasted better than it looked. Her voice sounds sweet. 表示主语的性质或状态的变化的动词（become, get, grow, turn, go） The weather is getting warmer and warmer. The milk went bad. Man will grow old. 3.助动词用法（be，have，do，will，would，shell，should） 3-1 助动词be的用法：帮助构成进行时态和被动语态 形式 人称 现在式 过去式 肯定及缩略式 否定及缩略式 肯定及缩略式 否定及缩略式 第一人称 单数 am (‘m) am not (‘m not) was was not (wasn’t) 复数 are (‘re) are not (aren’t/’re not) were were not (weren’t) 第二人称 单数 复数 are (‘re) are not (aren’t/’re not) were were not (weren’t) 第三人称 单数 Is (‘s) is not (isn’t/’s not) was was not (wasn’t) 复数 are (‘re) are not (aren’t/’re not) were were not (weren’t) ① 与现在分词构成各种进行时态： What are you doing now? I was having dinner when you called. ② 与过去分词构成被动语态： The table is made of wood. You are wanted on the phone, Miss Green. The new plan was raised at the meeting. 3-2 助动词 have 的用法： 形式 肯定式 原形 have 一般现在时第三人称单数 has 过去式 had 现在分词 having 过去分词 had I have interviewed three students at my school about TV programmes they like. Before we moved here, the park had been built. 3-3.助动词 do 的用法： 肯定、否定、 缩略式 形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略式 原形 do do not don’t 一般现在时第三人称单数 does does not doesn’t 过去式 did did not didn’t (1) do 的各种形式 I don’t like watching TV. I did telephone you last night. I didn’t come home until late into the night. Does Tom live here? 3-4. 助动词 will, would, shall, should的用法： will, shall用于构成一般将来时；would, should用于构成过去将来时； shall, should用于第一人称；will, would可用于各种人称。 We shall have class meeting next week. The secretary said that the talk would begin at eight o’clock. The future will be good if you work hard. （2）常见情态动词：can, may, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare， used to, had better, be able to （1）情态动词：表示说话人的语气和情态。 ◎本身有词义，不能单独作谓语。 ◎必须和其后的动词原型一起构成谓语。 ◎某些情态动词没有人称数的变化。 （3）基本作用： 4.情态动词的用法 can, could 1表示“能力，会”，“能够” (1) He can swim. (2)The hall can seat 500 people. 2表示“许可，可以”。 Can (could) you tell me how to get to the zoo? can,could,may,might均可表示允许，只是could,might语气更委婉 冠杰 王 (冠王) - 3.can’t,couldn’t表示否定推测，“不可能…” It can’t (couldn’t) be true. 4.can(could)+have+过去分词，表示对过去事情的推测。 It’s 10 o’clock now. She can(could) have left. can,could 表示“能力，能够，推测” may, might 1.表示请求，许可，可以… May (Might) I sit here? 2.表示推测，“可能会…，或许会…” It may rain this evening. 3.may引起的问题，否定回答要用mustn‘t,口语 中用can’t. ---May I sit here? ---No, you mustn’t. must have to must表示主观看法，“必须” You must do every thing yourself. It’s too late. I had to take a taxi to go to work. have to 表示受外界影响造成“不得不……” must 1.表示“必须，应该”. Everybody must obey the rule. 2.表示推测，“肯定，想必，准是…” He must be in his room. 3.must +have +过去分词表示对过去事情的推测. The street was wet. It must have rained last night. 4.must引起的问题，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to. ---Must we hand in the book? --- No, you needn’t. (don’t have to.) dare 1.用作情态动词，表示“敢”，主要用于否定句/疑问句/条件句，没有人称数的变化。但有过去式—dared。 He daren’t go home alone at night. Dare he go home alone at night? Yes, he_______.(No, he _________) dare daren’t ◎用于否定句表示“不敢” No one dared speak of it. ◎用于疑问句及条件句，表示“敢” If you dare speak to me like that again, you will be sorry. dare 2.用作实义动词,表示“敢”，其后跟不定式，在否定句和疑问句中，不定式符号to 可以省略。 He dares to say whatever he wants to say. I do not dare (to) complain.(I dare not complain.) The little girl ________(dare not) touch the worm.(情态动词) daren’t The little girl ___________(dare not) to touch the worm.(实义动词) doesn’t dare Do you dare (to) swim in the river? need 1.用作情态动词.一般用于否定句和疑问句。过去式与原形一样。 ◎在否定句中表示“不必” You needn’t come if you are busy. You needn’t hurry, for there’s plenty of time. I don’t think you need worry. ◎在疑问句及条件句中，表示“需要”。 Need I come tomorrow? Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. I wonder if I need bring a camera with me. 2.用作实义动词,表示“敢”，后跟名词、代词、不定式、动名词等。作宾语的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，与不定式的被动式意义相同。 All living things need water. The windows need cleaning(to be cleaned). I need to get some sleep. The house was rather old and it needed _____________(repair). He needs _________(go) there himself. The classroom__________(not need) clean. ________(dare) you ask him the question? ---No, I _______ He ____________(not dare) to speak to the public. repairing to go needn’t Dare daren’t doesn’t dare 经典例句 22 We used to write to each other every other week.(暗示现在不这样了) used to do的用法 used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事 否定式是 usedn’t to do sth.或didn’t use to do sth. We used to go there every year. He is not what he used to be. Did you use to be friends?或 Used you to be friends? had better 的用法 had better 表示最好。。。 后跟动词原形， 否定式had better not You ‘d better not talk so loudly. We had better get there before it gets dark. What had we better do next? He wasn’t able to understand the true meaning of life. be able to的用法 be able to 后跟动词原形，表示具体能力 I’m not able to answer your question. Are you able to type?==Can you type? ought to have done 的用法 ought to have done 表示过去本应做某事但没有做，其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了。 You ought to have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习的。 He oughtn’t to have done that. 他本来就不该做那件事。 课堂精练 阅读短文，用最合适的情态动词填空 (用框内情态动词填空，可以重复使用，其中2个词汇用不上) should can needn’t must may have to ought to Do you feel sleepy after lunch? Well, that’s normal. Your body naturally slow down then. What ____________ you do about it? Don’t reach for a cup of coffee! Instead, take a nap. It’s good to have a daily nap. First of all, you are more efficient(有效率的) after napping. You remember things better and make fewer mistakes; also, you ________ learn things more easily after taking a nap. A nap ___________ make you more active and even cheer you up. But, there are some simple rules you __________ follow about taking a nap: First, take a nap in the middle of the day, about eight hours after you wake up in the morning. Next, a 20-minute nap is best. If you sleep longer, you __________ fall into a deep sleep. After waking from a deep sleep, you ____________ feel worse. Also, you __________ set an alarm clock. That way, you ___________ fully relax during your nap. You won’t ___________ keep looking at the clock for fear that you’ll oversleep. Next time when you feel sleepy after lunch, you __________ get stressed. Put your head down, close your eyes and take a nap. should/can can may/can should may/can may should can have to needn’t 1. My best friend is really funny. He always makes me ______. A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed 答案：A. 解析：句意是“我最好的朋友真的很有趣，他总是逗我笑”。 make sb. do sth. 是使役动词结构，意为“让某人做某事”， 这里用动词原形 laugh。 2. — I feel a little tired. — Why not ______ a rest for a while? A. have B. having C. to have D. had   答案：A. 解析：句意是“我觉得有点累。为什么不休息一会儿呢？‘Why not...？ 是一 个提建议的句型，后面直接跟动词原形。 动词综合练习（A） 3. — The new superhero movie is so cool! — Yeah, I can't wait ______ it again! A. see B. seeing C. to see D. saw 答案：C. 解析：句意是“新版超级英雄电影非常酷！是呀，我迫不及待地又看了一 遍！”。can't wait to do sth. 是一个常用表达，意思是“迫不及待地想 做某事”，生动地表达了对电影的喜爱。 答案：C. 解析：句意是“明天别忘记带作业到学校”。forget to do sth. 表示“忘记要 做某事”（事情还没做）。别忘了“带作业”这个还没发生的动作。 4. Don't forget ______ your homework to school tomorrow. A. bring B. bringing C. to bring D. brought 5. — Look! The room is so clean. — Yes, my mother ______ it just now. A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 答案: B 解析：句意是“看！这个房间如此干净。是的，我的妈妈刚刚打扫过”。句 中的just now（刚刚）是一个明确的过去时间状语，所以句子应用一 般过去时。 By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie ______ for twenty minutes. A. started B. had started C. had been on D. has been on 答案：C 解析：句意是“我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始二十分钟了”。“开始”这个动作 发生在“到达”之前，是“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。但start是瞬间 动词，不能与表示一段时间的for twenty minutes连用，因此要转换为可以表示 状态的had been on。 动词综合练习（B） 答案：C 解析：句意是“根据新规定，学生不允许在图书馆使用手机”。主语 Students是动作allow的承受者，所以要用被动语态（be + 过去分 词）。主语是复数，故用aren't allowed。 2. Students ______ to use their mobile phones in the library according to the new rule. A. don't allow B. isn't allowed C. aren't allowed D. haven't allowed 答案：A 解析：句意是“老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起”。主句是过去时 （told），但宾语从句描述的是客观真理（太阳从东边升起）， 此时从句的时态不受主句影响，仍然用一般现在时。 3. The teacher told us that the sun ______ in the east. A. rises B. rose C. has risen D. had risen 4. I enjoy ______ to light music when I feel stressed. A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. listened 答案： C 解析：句意是“当我感到有压力时，我喜欢听一听轻音乐”。动词 enjoy后面需要接动词的-ing形式作宾语，即enjoy doing sth.。 5. If it ______ rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic in the park. A. doesn’t B. won't C. didn’t D. isn't 答案：A 解析：句意是：“如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园野餐”。在含有if条件状 语从句的主从复合句中，要遵循“主将从现”的原则。即主句用一般 将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。这里从句主语是it，谓语动词是 rain，所以否定形式是doesn't rain。 答案：C 解析： 句意是“当老师进来的时候，看见她正在打扫教室”。本题考查“see sb. doing sth.”（看见某人正在做某事）的被动形式。主动语态是The teacher saw her cleaning the classroom. 变为被动后，she作主语，原来 的宾语补足语cleaning保留下来，即She was seen cleaning...。 6. She was seen ______ the classroom when the teacher came in. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 感谢观看！ $