Unit 8 Surprise endings：文学鉴赏及文化差异（话题阅读精练）英语沪教牛津版九年级上册

Unit 8 Surprise endings：文学鉴赏及文化差异 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解 人物传记 约 380 词 诺奖得主乔恩・福瑟：生平、创作风格、主题，及传递宁静意图与国际认可 Passage B 阅读理解 人物传记 约 420 词 琼瑶：生平、创作经历，作品改影视促两岸合作，以爱情为主题植根中华文化 真题示例 Passage A 阅读理解 记叙文 约 350 词 Tom 秘学反制愚弄船员的船长，组团队凭知识寻宝，显 “知识就是力量” Passage B 阅读理解 散文 约 360 词 《假如给我三天光明》改编：盲人设视力计划，劝健全人惜感官、懂感恩 模拟演练 Passage A 完形填空 记叙文 约 320 词 《木偶奇遇记》改编：匹诺曹拒药后服，说谎致鼻子变长，显说谎后果 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 约 280 词 推荐 4 部作品：《项链》《警察与赞美诗》等 Passage C 阅读理解 说明文 约 340 词 各国礼仪差异：做客、送礼习惯与禁忌，“随时来” 含义区别 Passage D 阅读理解 记叙文 约 450 词 《夏洛的网》节选：Fern 阻父杀弱猪，获养猪权，显善良与生命尊重 时文阅读 时文阅读 Passage A The Norwegian novelist, poet and playwright Jon Fosse was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Oct 5, “for his innovative plays and prose (散文) which give voice to the unsayable.” in the words of the prize committee. Born in 1959 in Haugesund, Fosse grew up on a small farm in Western Norway. He started writing poems and stories at the age of 12. But it was his plays that made him famous. Now, his some plays have been published. Unlike many traditional plays that focus on plots, characters and conflicts. Fosse’s works instead show “tension of emotion”, noted The Paper. To create such an atmosphere (氛围) the language Fosse uses is unique and minimalistic. The chairman of the Nobel Literature committee praised “Eosse’s sensitive language, which probes (探索) the limits of words”. Through his works, Fosse carefully explores deep themes like aging, love, death and art. For example, his first play Someone Is Going to Come (《有人将至》) tells the story of a man and a woman who seek solitude (独处) in a remote seaside home while the novel Morning and Evening (《日与夜》) traces a character’s life from birth to death. When asked what he aims to convey to readers through his writing, Fosse said he hopes to show a feeling of serenity (宁静). “I hope they can find a kind of peace in, or from, my writing,” he said in a statement sent through his Norwegian publisher. Fosse’s unique style has helped him win many prizes and international recognition (认可). In 2010. Fosse won the International Ibsen Award. The prize committee commented, “Like all important writers of drama. Fosse forces the theater and its audience to think in new ways. He is the poet of the unknown”. 1．What was Jon Fosse awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for? A．His contributions to poetry. B．His focus on traditional plays. C．His innovative plays and prose. D．His unique use of language in prose only. 2．How is Fosse’s playwriting style different from traditional plays? A．They explore unique themes. B．They have many ups and downs. C．They feature direct and simple language. D．They focus on emotional struggles. 3．Which does the underlined word “convey” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．return B．give C．pass D．warn 4．In Fosse’s play Someone Is Going to Come, what do the main characters seek? A．Fame and success. B．Adventure and excitement. C．Solitude in a remote seaside home. D．Escape from a dangerous situation. 5．What did Jon Fosse hope readers would find in his works? A．A positive attitude B．A sense of calm C．A piece of history D．Reflection on death 长难句解析 原句：（第一段第一句）The Norwegian novelist, poet and playwright Jon Fosse was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Oct 5, “for his innovative plays and prose (散文) which give voice to the unsayable.” in the words of the prize committee. 译文：挪威小说家、诗人兼剧作家乔恩·福瑟于10月5日被授予诺贝尔文学奖，用颁奖委员会的话说，“是因为他创新的戏剧和散文表达了难以言表的东西”。 分析：这是一个主谓宾结构的句子。主语是The Norwegian novelist, poet and playwright Jon Fosse ，谓语是was awarded，宾语是the Nobel Prize in Literature，on Oct 5是时间状语，“for his innovative plays and prose (散文) which give voice to the unsayable.” 是原因状语，其中which give voice to the unsayable是定语从句，修饰先行词plays and prose 。 译文 挪威小说家、诗人兼剧作家乔恩·福瑟于10月5日被授予诺贝尔文学奖，用颁奖委员会的话说，是“因为他创新的戏剧和散文，表达了难以言表的东西”。 福瑟1959年出生于豪格松，在挪威西部的一个小农场长大。他12岁开始写诗和故事。但让他声名远扬的是他的戏剧。如今，他的一些戏剧已出版。 据《澎湃新闻》报道，与许多关注情节、人物和冲突的传统戏剧不同，福瑟的作品展现的是“情感张力”。为营造这样的氛围，福瑟使用的语言独特且简约。 诺贝尔文学委员会主席称赞“福瑟细腻的语言探索了文字的极限”。 通过作品，福瑟深入探索了诸如衰老、爱情、死亡和艺术等深刻主题。例如，他的第一部戏剧《有人将至》讲述了一男一女在偏远海滨住宅寻求独处的故事，而小说《日与夜》则描绘了一个人物从出生到死亡的一生。 当被问及他希望通过写作向读者传达什么时，福瑟表示他希望展现一种宁静的感觉。他通过挪威出版商发表的一份声明中说：“我希望他们能在我的作品中或从我的作品中找到一种平静。” 福瑟独特的风格使他赢得了许多奖项和国际认可。2010年，福瑟获得了国际易卜生奖。颁奖委员会评价道：“和所有重要的戏剧作家一样，福瑟促使剧院及其观众以新的方式思考。他是未知世界的诗人。” Passage B A well-known writer Qiong Yao passed away in New Taipei City, Taiwan on December 4, 2024 at the age of 86. Qiong Yao is considered the most popular romance writer in the Chinese-speaking world. Her novels have been made into more than 100 films and TV shows. With a beautiful and expressive style, she wrote complex and moving stories that showed her dreams and strong love. These stories have attracted Chinese-speaking audiences for many years. Qiong Yao, born in Chengdu, Sichuan in 1938, was originally named Chen Zhe. She grew up in a family full of artistic atmosphere. This family background has had a great influence on her, cultivating her rich imagination and delicate emotions. In 1942, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, her family moved around a lot. Young Qiong Yao saw many bad things and difficulties, which she later wrote about in her works. In 1949, her family moved to Taiwan. Qiong Yao started writing at the age of 9 in Shanghai. She became famous when her first novel “Outside the Window” 《窗外》was published in 1963. By October 2019, when she finished her last work “Plum Blossom Hero’s Dream” 《梅花英雄梦》, she had written 67 works, including novels, autobiographies, and essay collections. Besides her writings, films and TV dramas made from her novels expanded her influence. Her novel “How Many Times the Sun Sets” 《几度夕阳红》was made into a popular TV drama in 1985. This started the “Qiong Yao romance era”. These works including “My Fair Princess” 《还珠格格)》 “Misty Rain” 《烟雨蒙蒙》won the hearts of readers, which became a shared memory for several generations. After visiting relatives on the mainland in 1989 and traveling to places like Beijing, Hubei Province, Sichuan Province, and Yunnan Province, Qiong Yao wrote a book about her experiences called “The Nostalgia that Cannot Be Cut Off”. Her efforts led to cross-Strait cooperation in making popular TV series like “Mute Wife”, “Wanjun”, and “Three Flowers”. Love was always a main theme in her writing. She emphasized the pursuit of freedom, deep reflection on (反思) life, and respect for life in her characters. Her cultural contribution is important. Her works, deeply rooted in Chinese culture, have had a great influence on Chinese and global Chinese communities. Although her passing marks the end of an era, but her stories will continue to inspire and be cherished for generations to come. 1．What was the name of Qiong Yao’s first novel? A．“My Fair Princess”. B．“How Many Times the Sun Sets”. C．“Outside the Window”. D．“Misty Rain”. 2．How many Qiong Yao’s works are mentioned in this text? A．Six. B．Seven. C．Eight. D．Nine. 3．Which of the following statements is incorrect? A．Qiong Yao’s works were both popular in Taiwan and Mainland. B．Qiong Yao’s family background had little influence on her writing. C．Qiong Yao’s efforts have contributed to cross-Strait culture cooperation. D．The first TV drama adapted from Qiong Yao’s novel was How Many Times the Sun Sets 4．From the passage, we can know that ______ A．Qiong Yao stopped writing after 1985. B．Qiong Yao cared about love and life in her works. C．Qiong Yao’s last work was The Nostalgia that Cannot Be Cut Off. D．Qiong Yao lived an unhappy life throughout her life. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The introduction of Qiong Yao’s life and her works. B．The influence of Qiong Yao’s works. C．The process of Qiong Yao’s writing. D．The reasons why Qiong Yao’s works are popular. 长难句解析 1. 原句：（第一段第四句）With a beautiful and expressive style, she wrote complex and moving stories that showed her dreams and strong love. 译文：她以优美且富有表现力的风格创作了复杂而动人的故事，这些故事展现了她的梦想和强烈的爱。 2. 分析：本句中With a beautiful and expressive style是介词短语作伴随状语；句子主干是she wrote complex and moving stories，是主谓宾结构；that showed her dreams and strong love是定语从句，修饰先行词stories。 译文 知名作家琼瑶于2024年12月4日在台湾新北市去世，享年86岁。琼瑶被认为是华语世界最受欢迎的言情作家。她的小说被改编成了100多部电影和电视剧。她文风优美、富有表现力，创作了情节曲折动人的故事，展现了她的梦想和炽热的爱情。多年来，这些故事吸引了广大华语观众。 琼瑶1938年出生于四川成都，原名陈喆。她在一个充满艺术氛围的家庭中长大。这样的家庭背景对她产生了深远的影响，培养了她丰富的想象力和细腻的情感。1942年抗日战争期间，她的家庭四处辗转。年少的琼瑶目睹了许多苦难和困境，这些后来都被她写进了作品里。1949年，她的家庭迁往台湾。 琼瑶9岁时在上海开始写作。1963年，她的第一部小说《窗外》出版，她由此声名鹊起。到2019年10月完成最后一部作品《梅花英雄梦》时，她共创作了67部作品，包括小说、自传和散文集等。除了她的文字作品，根据她的小说改编的电影和电视剧进一步扩大了她的影响力。1985年，她的小说《几度夕阳红》被改编成热门电视剧，开启了“琼瑶言情时代”。包括《还珠格格》《烟雨蒙蒙》在内的这些作品赢得了读者的心，成为了几代人的共同记忆。 1989年，琼瑶回大陆探亲，游历了北京、湖北、四川、云南等地，之后她写了一本关于这段经历的书，名为《剪不断的乡愁》。她的努力促成了两岸在制作热门电视剧方面的合作，如《哑妻》《婉君》和《三朵花》。 爱情一直是她作品的主要主题。她在笔下人物身上强调对自由的追求、对生活的深刻反思以及对生命的尊重。她的文化贡献意义重大。她的作品深深植根于中华文化，对华人以及全球华人社区产生了巨大的影响。虽然她的离世标志着一个时代的结束，但她的故事将在未来几代人中继续激励和被珍视。 实战演练 真题示例 Passage A （2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Tom was a lazy boy. He hated going to school, studying and doing homework. One day, when Gluebeard, the famous captain, came to town in search of young sailors, Tom made sure he was the first in line. On Gluebeard’s ship, every minute of every day was spent looking for treasure and if anyone was found reading or studying, they would be locked in a small room full of mice. And so Tom began his life as a treasure-hunting sailor, but it wasn’t easy. They hardly had enough money to buy food and clothes. One day, someone on the ship stole the only food Tom had left. Two days later, Tom was so hungry that he secretly went to the room full of mice to find one and eat it. But when he entered, he couldn’t find a single mouse. He did find a secret room, one that was full of... books! Suddenly he heard some voices and he hid away to listen... Tom was very angry. He heard Gluebeard laugh at how stupid the crew (全体船员) were, how easy it was to fool them, and how foolish and poor they would always be after leaving their studies behind. From that day on, Tom waited every night until everyone was asleep. Then he visited the room full of books, where he spent his time studying all kinds of books. Soon he found that learning about so many things gave him better ideas. After a few years, he left Gluebeard’s ship, used the money he made to buy his own boat and found his own crew. Unlike Gluebeard, however, he only chose people who studied. And instead of fooling them, he encouraged them to search for treasure with him. With so many clever people, ________. 1．Tom was able to become a sailor on Gluebeard’s ship mainly because ________. A．he was lazy B．he was young C．he didn’t like studying D．he was the best 2．Tom first walked into the small room to ________. A．read a book B．hide away C．catch a mouse D．find the secret room 3．Why didn’t Gluebeard allow his crew to read or study? A．Because he wanted his crew to spend all their time working. B．Because he could cheat his crew easily in this way. C．Because there weren’t enough books on the ship. D．Because he thought it was no use reading books. 4．Which of the following can be put into ________? A．they did not need a captain B．the crew were not easy to lead C．they found new treasure much faster D．they decided to start other businesses 5．What does the story mainly tell us? A．Travel broadens the mind. B．Knowledge is power. C．Better late than never. D．Every coin has two sides. 长难句解析 原句：（第四段第二句）He heard Gluebeard laugh at how stupid the crew were, how easy it was to fool them, and how foolish and poor they would always be after leaving their studies behind. 译文：他听到格鲁比尔德嘲笑船员们有多愚蠢，愚弄他们有多容易，以及他们在荒废学业后将永远多么愚蠢和贫穷。 分析：本句是主从复合句。He heard Gluebeard laugh at...是主句，其中hear sb. do sth.是固定结构，意为“听到某人做某事”；how stupid the crew were, how easy it was to fool them, and how foolish and poor they would always be after leaving their studies behind是三个并列的宾语从句，作laugh at的宾语。 译文 汤姆是个懒惰的男孩。他讨厌上学、学习和做作业。有一天，著名的船长格卢比尔德来到镇上招募年轻水手，汤姆确保自己第一个排上了队。 在格卢比尔德的船上，每一天的每一分钟都花在寻找宝藏上。如果有人被发现读书或学习，就会被锁进一个满是老鼠的小房间里。于是，汤姆开始了他寻宝水手的生涯，但这并不容易。他们几乎没有足够的钱买食物和衣服。 有一天，船上有人偷走了汤姆仅有的食物。两天后，汤姆饿得不行，便偷偷走进那个满是老鼠的房间，想找只老鼠来吃。但当他进去后，连一只老鼠都没找到。他却发现了一个密室，里面全是……书！突然，他听到了一些声音，便躲起来偷听…… 汤姆非常生气。他听到格卢比尔德嘲笑船员们有多愚蠢，愚弄他们有多容易，还说他们丢下学业后将永远是又蠢又穷。 从那天起，汤姆每晚都等到所有人都睡着。然后，他就去那个满是书的房间，在那里花时间研读各种各样的书。不久，他发现了解这么多东西让他有了更好的主意。 几年后，他离开了格卢比尔德的船，用自己赚的钱买了一艘属于自己的船，并找到了自己的船员。然而，和格卢比尔德不同的是，他只挑选爱学习的人。他没有愚弄他们，而是鼓励他们和他一起寻找宝藏。有了这么多聪明的人，他们很快发现了新的宝藏。 Passage B （2024·四川南充·中考真题） Recently, I asked a seeing friend who had just walked in the woods what she had noticed. “Nothing special,” she replied. How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me only through touch. If I can get so much pleasure from touch, how much more beauty must be found by sight (视力)? And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes for just three days. On the first day, I should want to see the people who have made my life worth living and the books which have been read to me. In the afternoon, I should take a walk in the woods and admire the beauties of nature. That night, I should not be able to sleep. On my second day, I should go to the museums to see man’s progress. I should try to explore the spirit of man through his art. In the evening, I should spend at the movies. The following day, I should spend in the world of common people going about the business of life. At midnight permanent (永久的) night would close in on me again, and I should realize how much I had left unseen. I who am blind can give one suggestion to those who see: Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be blind. The same is true of other senses. Hear the songs of birds, as if you would be deaf tomorrow. Smell the flowers, as if tomorrow you could never smell again…But of all the senses, I’m sure that sight must be the most pleasant. （Adapted from “Three Days to See” by Helen Keller） 1．What makes the writer start imagining the three days? A．Walking in the woods. B．Asking herself questions. C．Seeing natural beauty. D．Touching interesting things. 2．What does the writer want to do during the three days? A．Read books to people on the first day. B．Go to the movies on the second day. C．Succeed in business on the third day. D．Have a wonderful dream every day. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．A description of different senses. B．A method of living a pleasant life. C．Encouragement to the blind people. D．Advice to people without disabilities. 4．Which is the best structure (结构) of the passage? （①=Paragraph 1     ②=Paragraph 2…） A． B． C． D． 5．Which of the following sayings may the writer agree with? A．Time is what we want most, but what we use worst. B．Never leave until tomorrow what you can do today. C．Live every moment and be thankful for what you have. D．The future belongs to those who are preparing for it now. 长难句解析 原句：（第二段第二句）Recently, I asked a seeing friend who had just walked in the woods what she had noticed. 译文：最近，我问一位刚在树林里散步过的视力正常的朋友，她注意到了什么。 分析：本句是主从复合句。句子主干为I asked a seeing friend what she had noticed，其中asked是谓语动词，a seeing friend是间接宾语，what she had noticed是宾语从句作直接宾语；who had just walked in the woods是定语从句，修饰先行词a seeing friend。 长难句解析 1. 原句：（第一段第一句）I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me only through touch. 2. 译文：我这个看不见的人仅仅通过触摸就能发现成百上千件让我感兴趣的东西。 3. 分析：本句是主从复合句。句子主干为I find hundreds of things to interest me only through touch，其中find是谓语动词，hundreds of things是宾语，to interest me是后置定语修饰things，only through touch是方式状语；who cannot see是定语从句，修饰先行词I。 译文 最近，我问一位刚在树林里散步回来的视力正常的朋友，她都注意到了什么。“没什么特别的，”她回答道。 我暗自思忖，在树林里漫步怎么可能看不到任何值得留意的东西呢？像我这样看不见的人，仅仅通过触摸就能发现成百上千件让我感兴趣的事物。如果仅仅触摸就能给我带来如此多的乐趣，那么用眼睛去看又该能发现多少美好啊！于是我想象着，如果能让我有三天的视力，我最想看到什么。 第一天，我想看看那些让我的生命有意义的人，还有那些读给我听的书。下午，我会去树林里散散步，欣赏大自然的美景。那天晚上，我会兴奋得难以入眠。 第二天，我会去博物馆，了解人类的发展历程。我会努力通过人类的艺术作品去探寻人类的精神世界。晚上，我会去看电影。 第三天，我会置身于普通人的生活中，感受他们日常的忙碌。午夜时分，永恒的黑暗又将再次笼罩我，我会意识到自己还有那么多东西未曾看到。 作为一个盲人，我想给视力正常的人提一个建议：要像明天就会失明一样去使用你的眼睛。其他感官也是如此。要像明天就会失聪一样去聆听鸟儿的歌声。要像明天就再也闻不到花香一样去嗅闻花朵的芬芳……但在所有的感官中，我坚信视觉一定是最令人愉悦的。 （改编自海伦·凯勒的《假如给我三天光明》） 知识拓展 ①海伦·凯勒生平：海伦·凯勒（1880 - 1968）是美国著名的女作家、教育家、慈善家、社会活动家。在19个月大时因急性胃充血、脑充血而被夺去视力和听力。后来在安妮·莎莉文老师的帮助下，她学会阅读、写作和说话，并毕业于美国拉德克利夫学院。她致力于为残疾人造福，建立了许多慈善机构。 ②《假如给我三天光明》：这是海伦·凯勒的代表作，在书中她以一个身残志坚的柔弱女子的视角，告诫身体健全的人们应珍惜生命，珍惜造物主赐予的一切。本书中包含了本文节选的“三天光明”的内容，展现了她对光明世界的渴望与想象。 ③感官体验的重要性：现代研究表明，人类通过视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉和味觉等感官来感知世界，这些感官体验不仅影响着我们的日常生活，还对我们的心理健康和认知发展有着重要作用。例如，接触大自然的感官体验可以减轻压力、提高注意力和创造力。 ④关爱残疾人：如今，全球有大量的残疾人面临着生活和社会融入的难题。许多国家和组织都在积极推动残疾人权益保障和无障碍环境建设，以提高他们的生活质量和社会参与度。例如，在公共建筑中设置无障碍通道、为视障人士提供盲文标识和导盲设施等。 模拟演练 Passage A （2025·广东深圳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Pinocchio had a fever. The Fairy took a glass of water with medicine and said lovingly to Pinocchio, “Drink this, and you’ll feel better.” “No,” Pinocchio said. “I’d rather die than take that 1 thing.” At that moment, the door of the room flew open and in came four rabbits as black as ink, carrying a small black coffin (棺材) on their shoulders. “What do you want?” asked Pinocchio, feeling 2 . “We have come for you,” said the largest Rabbit. “Oh, Fairy, my Fairy,” Pinocchio cried out. “Give me the 3 ! Quick, please! I don’t want to 4 !” And holding the glass with his two hands, he swallowed (吞下) the medicine 5 . Then the Rabbits left. After that, the Fairy added, “Pinocchio, tell me how you were in the hands of the bad men last time.” “I had five gold pieces to give to my father, but on the way, I met two 6 who tied me and hung me to a tree,” said Pinocchio. “Where are the gold pieces now?” the Fairy asked. “I lost them,” answered Pinocchio. As he spoke, his nose became at least two inches longer. “And where did you lose them?” “In the 7 nearby.” At this second lie, his nose grew a few more inches. “If the gold pieces were 8 in the small forest nearby,” said the Fairy, “we’ll look for them and find them.” “Ah, now I 9 ,” replied Pinocchio. “I did not lose the gold pieces, but I swallowed them.” At this third lie, his nose became longer than ever. The Fairy sat there, 10 him and laughing. Pinocchio was embarrassed. 1．A．helpful B．delicious C．awful D．natural 2．A．frightened B．excited C．interested D．embarrassed 3．A．rabbit B．medicine C．gold D．rope 4．A．die B．think C．fail D．sleep 5．A．separately B．politely C．exactly D．quickly 6．A．friends B．strangers C．rabbits D．volunteers 7．A．house B．village C．wood D．playground 8．A．broken B．unknown C．lost D．endangered 9．A．remember B．imagine C．pretend D．suggest 10．A．looking for B．looking up C．looking like D．looking at Passage B What to Read on Holidays The Diamond Necklace Writer: Maupassant It's a story about a woman who is beautiful but poor. Her husband asks her to go to a party, so she borrows a diamond necklace(项链) from her rich friend. But she loses the necklace. Later she has to work hard to pay for it. The necklace changes her whole life. The Cop and the Anthem Writer: O. Henry It tells the story about Soapy, a New York City hobo(无业游民). At first, he wants to be caught by the policeman so that he can be a guest of the prison instead of sleeping out in the cold winter. Although he makes efforts, the policeman doesn't send him to prison. But when he wants to dead up his life, he is sent to prison. The Ransom of Red Chief Writer: O. Henry It's the story about two men and a boy. The two men catch a ten-year-old boy and ask the boy's father to ransom(赎回) him. But the man are bored with the naughty boy's behaviour. Finally, the men have to pay the boy's father to take him back. The Million Pound Note Writer: Mark Twain It tells experience of a poor young man Henry Adams after he surprisingly gets a one-million bank note from two rich men. His life changes completely because of the one-million bank note. 1．The diamond necklace ________. A．is borrowed from a friend of the woman's husband B．is stolen from a rich friend C．changes the whole life of the woman's friend D．changes the woman's whole life 2．Why does Soapy want to be caught by the policeman at first? A．Because he is crazy. B．Because he wants to clean up his life. C．Because he doesn't want to sleep out in the cold winter. D．Because he regrets what he has done. 3．Who created the character Henry Adams? A．O. Henry. B．Mark Twain. C．Maupassant. D．Jack London. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Henry Adams gets a one-million bank note from a rich man. B．Soapy isn't sent to prison finally. C．The Diamond Necklace was written by Maupassant. D．The Ransom of Red Chief was created by Mark Twain. Passage C Manners are very important in our daily life. There are many different customs and habits among different countries. We must find out and follow their customs so that they will not think us ill-mannered. Here are examples of the things that a person with good education does or does not do. A person with good manners is always popular, but it is troublesome to a person with bad manners. If you visit a Chinese family, you should knock at the door first. When the door opens, you will not move before the host says “Come in, please.” After you enter the room, you would not sit down until the host asks you to take a seat. When a cup of tea is put on the tea table before you or sent to your hand, you should say “Thank you” and receive it with two hands, not one hand, or they will think you are ill-mannered. Before entering a house in Japan, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done. In a Malay house, a visitor never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In England, a visitor always finishes the drink or the food to show that he has enjoyed it. The host will be pleased with that. You have to give your present in public in the Middle East to show it is not a bribe (贿赂). But it’s good manners to give your present in private in Asia. You mustn’t give knives in Latin America because it suggests that you want to cut off the relationship. You mustn’t give your food or drink to Arabia because it suggests that you think your host isn’t offering you enough to eat and drink. “Come any time” means “I want you to visit me” in India. If you don’t suggest a time at once, the India will think you are refusing the invitation. But if English people say “Come any time”, they will think you are impolite if you start fixing (确定) a date. 1．It is important to learn that different countries and people have different manners because ________. A．we can eat and drink well B．we can know what to follow when we go to other countries C．we can be taught some good examples D．we won’t be afraid of people in those countries 2．In China, you shouldn’t ________ before the host says “Come in, please”. A．knock at the door B．run away C．come into the room D．open the door 3．In a Malay house, a guest leaves a little food to show that ________. A．he has enjoyed it B．he doesn’t like the food C．he needs some drink D．he can’t eat any more 4．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．It’s good manners to give presents in public in China. B．It’s good manners to give knives in Latin America. C．It’s good manners to give some food to Arabia. D．If English people say “Come any time”, it’s just a lip service (客套话). Passage D “Where’s Papa going with that ax (斧头)?” said Fern to her mother as they were setting the table for breakfast. “He went to the pig house,” replied Mrs Arable. “Some pigs were born last night.” “I don’t understand why he needs an ax.” continued Fern, who was only eight years old. “Well,” said her mother, “one of the pigs is a runt (小不点儿). It’s very small and weak, and it will never amount to (成为) anything. So your father has decided to do away with it.” “Do away with it?” screamed Fern. “You mean he will kill it? Just because it’s smaller than the others?” Mrs Arable put a pitcher (罐) of cream on the table. “Don’t shout, Fern!” she said. “Your father is right. The pig will die anyway.” Fern pushed a chair out of the way and ran outdoors. She caught up with her father. “Please don’t kill it!” she cried. “It’s unfair (不公平的).” Mr Arable stopped walking. “Fern,” he said gently, “you will have to learn to control yourself.” “Control myself?” shouted Fern. “This is a matter of life and death, but you talk about controlling myself.” Tears (眼泪) ran down her cheeks and she took hold of the a x and tried to pull it out of her father’s hand. “Fern,” said Mr Arable, “I know more about raising pigs than you do. A weakling makes trouble. Now go home!” “But it’s unfair,” cried Fern. “The pig couldn’t help being born small, could it? If I had been very small at birth, would you have killed me?” Mr Arable smiled. “Certainly not.” he said, looking down at his daughter with love. “But this is different. A little girl is one thing, while a little runty pig is another.” “I see no difference.” replied Fern, still holding on to the ax. “This is the most terrible case of unfairness that I have ever heard.” A strange look came over Mr Arable’s face. He seemed almost ready to cry himself. “All right.” he said. “You go back to the house and I will bring the runt when I come back. I’ll let you look after the baby pig. Then you’ll see what trouble a pig can be.” Half an hour later, Mr Arable returned to the house, carrying a box under his arm. “Put it on her chair!” said Mrs Arable. Mr Arable set the box down at Fern’s place. Fern came slowly down the stairs. Her eyes were red from crying. As she got closer to her chair, the box wobbled (摇晃), and there was a scratching noise. Fern looked at her father. Then she opened the box. There, inside, looking up at her, was the newborn pig. It was a white one. The morning light shone through its ears, turning them pink. —Adapted from Charlotte’s Web 1．Why did Fern run outdoors after talking to her mother? A．To help her father with farm work. B．To stop her father from killing the runt. C．To find breakfast for the pig. D．To play with the newborn pigs. 2．Which is the correct order of what happened in the passage? ①Fern ran towards her father quickly.  ②Fern set the table for breakfast with her mother. ③Fern opened the box and saw the newborn pig.  ④Fern asked her father not to kill the newborn pig. A．③①②④ B．④③②① C．②④③① D．②①④③ 3．What can we infer from the underlined sentence? A．Mrs Arable wanted to show it was Fern’s pig. B．Mrs Arable didn’t want the pig to enter the kitchen. C．Mrs Arable planned to use this chair as the pig’s home. D．Mrs Arable was very excited to get the pig back. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．The relationship between Fern and her parents B．A talk at Fern’s home C．Fern’s fight to save the Runt Pig D．Fern’s interest in keeping a pet pig 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Surprise endings：文学鉴赏及文化差异 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解 人物传记 约 380 词 诺奖得主乔恩・福瑟：生平、创作风格、主题，及传递宁静意图与国际认可 Passage B 阅读理解 人物传记 约 420 词 琼瑶：生平、创作经历，作品改影视促两岸合作，以爱情为主题植根中华文化 真题示例 Passage A 阅读理解 记叙文 约 350 词 Tom 秘学反制愚弄船员的船长，组团队凭知识寻宝，显 “知识就是力量” Passage B 阅读理解 散文 约 360 词 《假如给我三天光明》改编：盲人设视力计划，劝健全人惜感官、懂感恩 模拟演练 Passage A 完形填空 记叙文 约 320 词 《木偶奇遇记》改编：匹诺曹拒药后服，说谎致鼻子变长，显说谎后果 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 约 280 词 推荐 4 部作品：《项链》《警察与赞美诗》等 Passage C 阅读理解 说明文 约 340 词 各国礼仪差异：做客、送礼习惯与禁忌，“随时来” 含义区别 Passage D 阅读理解 记叙文 约 450 词 《夏洛的网》节选：Fern 阻父杀弱猪，获养猪权，显善良与生命尊重 时文阅读 时文阅读 Passage A The Norwegian novelist, poet and playwright Jon Fosse was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Oct 5, “for his innovative plays and prose (散文) which give voice to the unsayable.” in the words of the prize committee. Born in 1959 in Haugesund, Fosse grew up on a small farm in Western Norway. He started writing poems and stories at the age of 12. But it was his plays that made him famous. Now, his some plays have been published. Unlike many traditional plays that focus on plots, characters and conflicts. Fosse’s works instead show “tension of emotion”, noted The Paper. To create such an atmosphere (氛围) the language Fosse uses is unique and minimalistic. The chairman of the Nobel Literature committee praised “Eosse’s sensitive language, which probes (探索) the limits of words”. Through his works, Fosse carefully explores deep themes like aging, love, death and art. For example, his first play Someone Is Going to Come (《有人将至》) tells the story of a man and a woman who seek solitude (独处) in a remote seaside home while the novel Morning and Evening (《日与夜》) traces a character’s life from birth to death. When asked what he aims to convey to readers through his writing, Fosse said he hopes to show a feeling of serenity (宁静). “I hope they can find a kind of peace in, or from, my writing,” he said in a statement sent through his Norwegian publisher. Fosse’s unique style has helped him win many prizes and international recognition (认可). In 2010. Fosse won the International Ibsen Award. The prize committee commented, “Like all important writers of drama. Fosse forces the theater and its audience to think in new ways. He is the poet of the unknown”. 1．What was Jon Fosse awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for? A．His contributions to poetry. B．His focus on traditional plays. C．His innovative plays and prose. D．His unique use of language in prose only. 2．How is Fosse’s playwriting style different from traditional plays? A．They explore unique themes. B．They have many ups and downs. C．They feature direct and simple language. D．They focus on emotional struggles. 3．Which does the underlined word “convey” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．return B．give C．pass D．warn 4．In Fosse’s play Someone Is Going to Come, what do the main characters seek? A．Fame and success. B．Adventure and excitement. C．Solitude in a remote seaside home. D．Escape from a dangerous situation. 5．What did Jon Fosse hope readers would find in his works? A．A positive attitude B．A sense of calm C．A piece of history D．Reflection on death 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了挪威小说家、诗人兼剧作家乔恩·福瑟（Jon Fosse）于10月5日获得诺贝尔文学奖，阐述了其作品风格、主题以及创作意图等 。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Norwegian novelist, poet and playwright Jon Fosse was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Oct 5, ‘for his innovative plays and prose (散文) which give voice to the unsayable.’（挪威小说家、诗人兼剧作家乔恩·福瑟于10月5日被授予诺贝尔文学奖，“因为他创新的戏剧和散文，表达了难以言表的东西”）”可知，他因创新的戏剧和散文获诺贝尔文学奖。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Unlike many traditional plays that focus on plots, characters and conflicts. Fosse’s works instead show “tension of emotion”（与许多关注情节、人物和冲突的传统戏剧不同，福瑟的作品展现的是‘情感张力’）”可知，福瑟的戏剧创作风格与传统戏剧的不同在于关注情感挣扎。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“When asked what he aims to convey to readers through his writing, Fosse said he hopes to show a feeling of serenity (宁静).（当被问及他希望通过写作向读者……什么时，福瑟说他希望展现一种宁静的感觉）”可知，这里是想表达通过写作向读者传达某种感受，“convey”意为“传达；传递”，与“pass”意思相近。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“For example, his first play Someone Is Going to Come (《有人将至》) tells the story of a man and a woman who seek solitude (独处) in a remote seaside home（例如，他的第一部戏剧《有人将至》讲述了一男一女在偏远海滨住宅寻求独处的故事）”可知，在《有人将至》中，主要人物寻求在偏远海滨住宅独处。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“‘I hope they can find a kind of peace in, or from, my writing,’ he said in a statement sent through his Norwegian publisher.（他通过挪威出版商发表的一份声明中说：“我希望他们能在我的作品中或从我的作品中找到一种平静”）”可知，乔恩·福瑟希望读者在他的作品中找到平静感。故选B。 长难句解析 原句：（第一段第一句）The Norwegian novelist, poet and playwright Jon Fosse was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Oct 5, “for his innovative plays and prose (散文) which give voice to the unsayable.” in the words of the prize committee. 译文：挪威小说家、诗人兼剧作家乔恩·福瑟于10月5日被授予诺贝尔文学奖，用颁奖委员会的话说，“是因为他创新的戏剧和散文表达了难以言表的东西”。 分析：这是一个主谓宾结构的句子。主语是The Norwegian novelist, poet and playwright Jon Fosse ，谓语是was awarded，宾语是the Nobel Prize in Literature，on Oct 5是时间状语，“for his innovative plays and prose (散文) which give voice to the unsayable.” 是原因状语，其中which give voice to the unsayable是定语从句，修饰先行词plays and prose 。 译文 挪威小说家、诗人兼剧作家乔恩·福瑟于10月5日被授予诺贝尔文学奖，用颁奖委员会的话说，是“因为他创新的戏剧和散文，表达了难以言表的东西”。 福瑟1959年出生于豪格松，在挪威西部的一个小农场长大。他12岁开始写诗和故事。但让他声名远扬的是他的戏剧。如今，他的一些戏剧已出版。 据《澎湃新闻》报道，与许多关注情节、人物和冲突的传统戏剧不同，福瑟的作品展现的是“情感张力”。为营造这样的氛围，福瑟使用的语言独特且简约。 诺贝尔文学委员会主席称赞“福瑟细腻的语言探索了文字的极限”。 通过作品，福瑟深入探索了诸如衰老、爱情、死亡和艺术等深刻主题。例如，他的第一部戏剧《有人将至》讲述了一男一女在偏远海滨住宅寻求独处的故事，而小说《日与夜》则描绘了一个人物从出生到死亡的一生。 当被问及他希望通过写作向读者传达什么时，福瑟表示他希望展现一种宁静的感觉。他通过挪威出版商发表的一份声明中说：“我希望他们能在我的作品中或从我的作品中找到一种平静。” 福瑟独特的风格使他赢得了许多奖项和国际认可。2010年，福瑟获得了国际易卜生奖。颁奖委员会评价道：“和所有重要的戏剧作家一样，福瑟促使剧院及其观众以新的方式思考。他是未知世界的诗人。” Passage B A well-known writer Qiong Yao passed away in New Taipei City, Taiwan on December 4, 2024 at the age of 86. Qiong Yao is considered the most popular romance writer in the Chinese-speaking world. Her novels have been made into more than 100 films and TV shows. With a beautiful and expressive style, she wrote complex and moving stories that showed her dreams and strong love. These stories have attracted Chinese-speaking audiences for many years. Qiong Yao, born in Chengdu, Sichuan in 1938, was originally named Chen Zhe. She grew up in a family full of artistic atmosphere. This family background has had a great influence on her, cultivating her rich imagination and delicate emotions. In 1942, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, her family moved around a lot. Young Qiong Yao saw many bad things and difficulties, which she later wrote about in her works. In 1949, her family moved to Taiwan. Qiong Yao started writing at the age of 9 in Shanghai. She became famous when her first novel “Outside the Window” 《窗外》was published in 1963. By October 2019, when she finished her last work “Plum Blossom Hero’s Dream” 《梅花英雄梦》, she had written 67 works, including novels, autobiographies, and essay collections. Besides her writings, films and TV dramas made from her novels expanded her influence. Her novel “How Many Times the Sun Sets” 《几度夕阳红》was made into a popular TV drama in 1985. This started the “Qiong Yao romance era”. These works including “My Fair Princess” 《还珠格格)》 “Misty Rain” 《烟雨蒙蒙》won the hearts of readers, which became a shared memory for several generations. After visiting relatives on the mainland in 1989 and traveling to places like Beijing, Hubei Province, Sichuan Province, and Yunnan Province, Qiong Yao wrote a book about her experiences called “The Nostalgia that Cannot Be Cut Off”. Her efforts led to cross-Strait cooperation in making popular TV series like “Mute Wife”, “Wanjun”, and “Three Flowers”. Love was always a main theme in her writing. She emphasized the pursuit of freedom, deep reflection on (反思) life, and respect for life in her characters. Her cultural contribution is important. Her works, deeply rooted in Chinese culture, have had a great influence on Chinese and global Chinese communities. Although her passing marks the end of an era, but her stories will continue to inspire and be cherished for generations to come. 1．What was the name of Qiong Yao’s first novel? A．“My Fair Princess”. B．“How Many Times the Sun Sets”. C．“Outside the Window”. D．“Misty Rain”. 2．How many Qiong Yao’s works are mentioned in this text? A．Six. B．Seven. C．Eight. D．Nine. 3．Which of the following statements is incorrect? A．Qiong Yao’s works were both popular in Taiwan and Mainland. B．Qiong Yao’s family background had little influence on her writing. C．Qiong Yao’s efforts have contributed to cross-Strait culture cooperation. D．The first TV drama adapted from Qiong Yao’s novel was How Many Times the Sun Sets 4．From the passage, we can know that ______ A．Qiong Yao stopped writing after 1985. B．Qiong Yao cared about love and life in her works. C．Qiong Yao’s last work was The Nostalgia that Cannot Be Cut Off. D．Qiong Yao lived an unhappy life throughout her life. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The introduction of Qiong Yao’s life and her works. B．The influence of Qiong Yao’s works. C．The process of Qiong Yao’s writing. D．The reasons why Qiong Yao’s works are popular. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了琼瑶的生平和她的作品，包括她的家庭背景、写作生涯、作品的影响等。 1．细节理解题。根据“Qiong Yao started writing at the age of 9 in Shanghai. She became famous when her first novel ‘Outside the Window’ 《窗外》was published in 1963.”可知，琼瑶的第一部小说是《窗外》。故选C。 2．细节理解题。文中提到的琼瑶作品包括：《窗外》，《梅花英雄梦》，《几度夕阳红》，《还珠格格》，《烟雨蒙蒙》，《剪不断的乡愁》，《哑妻》，《婉君》和《三朵花》，共9部。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“This family background has had a great influence on her, cultivating her rich imagination and delicate emotions.”可知，家庭背景对她的写作有很大影响，B项表述错误。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Love was always a main theme in her writing. She emphasized the pursuit of freedom, deep reflection on (反思) life, and respect for life in her characters.”可知，琼瑶的作品关注爱与生命，B项正确。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了琼瑶的生平和她的作品，包括她的家庭背景、写作生涯、作品的影响等。故选A。 长难句解析 1. 原句：（第一段第四句）With a beautiful and expressive style, she wrote complex and moving stories that showed her dreams and strong love. 译文：她以优美且富有表现力的风格创作了复杂而动人的故事，这些故事展现了她的梦想和强烈的爱。 2. 分析：本句中With a beautiful and expressive style是介词短语作伴随状语；句子主干是she wrote complex and moving stories，是主谓宾结构；that showed her dreams and strong love是定语从句，修饰先行词stories。 译文 知名作家琼瑶于2024年12月4日在台湾新北市去世，享年86岁。琼瑶被认为是华语世界最受欢迎的言情作家。她的小说被改编成了100多部电影和电视剧。她文风优美、富有表现力，创作了情节曲折动人的故事，展现了她的梦想和炽热的爱情。多年来，这些故事吸引了广大华语观众。 琼瑶1938年出生于四川成都，原名陈喆。她在一个充满艺术氛围的家庭中长大。这样的家庭背景对她产生了深远的影响，培养了她丰富的想象力和细腻的情感。1942年抗日战争期间，她的家庭四处辗转。年少的琼瑶目睹了许多苦难和困境，这些后来都被她写进了作品里。1949年，她的家庭迁往台湾。 琼瑶9岁时在上海开始写作。1963年，她的第一部小说《窗外》出版，她由此声名鹊起。到2019年10月完成最后一部作品《梅花英雄梦》时，她共创作了67部作品，包括小说、自传和散文集等。除了她的文字作品，根据她的小说改编的电影和电视剧进一步扩大了她的影响力。1985年，她的小说《几度夕阳红》被改编成热门电视剧，开启了“琼瑶言情时代”。包括《还珠格格》《烟雨蒙蒙》在内的这些作品赢得了读者的心，成为了几代人的共同记忆。 1989年，琼瑶回大陆探亲，游历了北京、湖北、四川、云南等地，之后她写了一本关于这段经历的书，名为《剪不断的乡愁》。她的努力促成了两岸在制作热门电视剧方面的合作，如《哑妻》《婉君》和《三朵花》。 爱情一直是她作品的主要主题。她在笔下人物身上强调对自由的追求、对生活的深刻反思以及对生命的尊重。她的文化贡献意义重大。她的作品深深植根于中华文化，对华人以及全球华人社区产生了巨大的影响。虽然她的离世标志着一个时代的结束，但她的故事将在未来几代人中继续激励和被珍视。 实战演练 真题示例 Passage A （2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Tom was a lazy boy. He hated going to school, studying and doing homework. One day, when Gluebeard, the famous captain, came to town in search of young sailors, Tom made sure he was the first in line. On Gluebeard’s ship, every minute of every day was spent looking for treasure and if anyone was found reading or studying, they would be locked in a small room full of mice. And so Tom began his life as a treasure-hunting sailor, but it wasn’t easy. They hardly had enough money to buy food and clothes. One day, someone on the ship stole the only food Tom had left. Two days later, Tom was so hungry that he secretly went to the room full of mice to find one and eat it. But when he entered, he couldn’t find a single mouse. He did find a secret room, one that was full of... books! Suddenly he heard some voices and he hid away to listen... Tom was very angry. He heard Gluebeard laugh at how stupid the crew (全体船员) were, how easy it was to fool them, and how foolish and poor they would always be after leaving their studies behind. From that day on, Tom waited every night until everyone was asleep. Then he visited the room full of books, where he spent his time studying all kinds of books. Soon he found that learning about so many things gave him better ideas. After a few years, he left Gluebeard’s ship, used the money he made to buy his own boat and found his own crew. Unlike Gluebeard, however, he only chose people who studied. And instead of fooling them, he encouraged them to search for treasure with him. With so many clever people, ________. 1．Tom was able to become a sailor on Gluebeard’s ship mainly because ________. A．he was lazy B．he was young C．he didn’t like studying D．he was the best 2．Tom first walked into the small room to ________. A．read a book B．hide away C．catch a mouse D．find the secret room 3．Why didn’t Gluebeard allow his crew to read or study? A．Because he wanted his crew to spend all their time working. B．Because he could cheat his crew easily in this way. C．Because there weren’t enough books on the ship. D．Because he thought it was no use reading books. 4．Which of the following can be put into ________? A．they did not need a captain B．the crew were not easy to lead C．they found new treasure much faster D．they decided to start other businesses 5．What does the story mainly tell us? A．Travel broadens the mind. B．Knowledge is power. C．Better late than never. D．Every coin has two sides. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了一个懒惰的男孩Tom在成为船员后，通过秘密学习书本知识，最终变得聪明并成功成为一名船长的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Tom was a lazy boy. He hated going to school, studying and doing homework.”以及“Tom made sure he was the first in line”可知，Tom之所以能成为Gluebeard船上的水手，主要是因为他不喜欢学习。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Two days later, Tom was so hungry that he secretly went to the room full of mice to find one and eat it.” 可知，Tom第一次走进小房间是为了抓老鼠吃。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“He heard Gluebeard laugh at how stupid the crew were, how easy it was to fool them, and how foolish and poor they would always be after leaving their studies behind.” 可知，Gluebeard不允许船员读书或学习是因为这样他可以更容易地欺骗他们。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文“And instead of fooling them, he encouraged them to search for treasure with him. With so many clever people”可知，Tom鼓励曾经学习过的船员们一起寻找宝藏，这样一来，聪明的船员们能更快地找到新的宝藏。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。故事主要讲述了Tom通过学习变得聪明并最终成功的故事，说明了知识就是力量。故选B。 长难句解析 原句：（第四段第二句）He heard Gluebeard laugh at how stupid the crew were, how easy it was to fool them, and how foolish and poor they would always be after leaving their studies behind. 译文：他听到格鲁比尔德嘲笑船员们有多愚蠢，愚弄他们有多容易，以及他们在荒废学业后将永远多么愚蠢和贫穷。 分析：本句是主从复合句。He heard Gluebeard laugh at...是主句，其中hear sb. do sth.是固定结构，意为“听到某人做某事”；how stupid the crew were, how easy it was to fool them, and how foolish and poor they would always be after leaving their studies behind是三个并列的宾语从句，作laugh at的宾语。 译文 汤姆是个懒惰的男孩。他讨厌上学、学习和做作业。有一天，著名的船长格卢比尔德来到镇上招募年轻水手，汤姆确保自己第一个排上了队。 在格卢比尔德的船上，每一天的每一分钟都花在寻找宝藏上。如果有人被发现读书或学习，就会被锁进一个满是老鼠的小房间里。于是，汤姆开始了他寻宝水手的生涯，但这并不容易。他们几乎没有足够的钱买食物和衣服。 有一天，船上有人偷走了汤姆仅有的食物。两天后，汤姆饿得不行，便偷偷走进那个满是老鼠的房间，想找只老鼠来吃。但当他进去后，连一只老鼠都没找到。他却发现了一个密室，里面全是……书！突然，他听到了一些声音，便躲起来偷听…… 汤姆非常生气。他听到格卢比尔德嘲笑船员们有多愚蠢，愚弄他们有多容易，还说他们丢下学业后将永远是又蠢又穷。 从那天起，汤姆每晚都等到所有人都睡着。然后，他就去那个满是书的房间，在那里花时间研读各种各样的书。不久，他发现了解这么多东西让他有了更好的主意。 几年后，他离开了格卢比尔德的船，用自己赚的钱买了一艘属于自己的船，并找到了自己的船员。然而，和格卢比尔德不同的是，他只挑选爱学习的人。他没有愚弄他们，而是鼓励他们和他一起寻找宝藏。有了这么多聪明的人，他们很快发现了新的宝藏。 Passage B （2024·四川南充·中考真题） Recently, I asked a seeing friend who had just walked in the woods what she had noticed. “Nothing special,” she replied. How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me only through touch. If I can get so much pleasure from touch, how much more beauty must be found by sight (视力)? And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes for just three days. On the first day, I should want to see the people who have made my life worth living and the books which have been read to me. In the afternoon, I should take a walk in the woods and admire the beauties of nature. That night, I should not be able to sleep. On my second day, I should go to the museums to see man’s progress. I should try to explore the spirit of man through his art. In the evening, I should spend at the movies. The following day, I should spend in the world of common people going about the business of life. At midnight permanent (永久的) night would close in on me again, and I should realize how much I had left unseen. I who am blind can give one suggestion to those who see: Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be blind. The same is true of other senses. Hear the songs of birds, as if you would be deaf tomorrow. Smell the flowers, as if tomorrow you could never smell again…But of all the senses, I’m sure that sight must be the most pleasant. （Adapted from “Three Days to See” by Helen Keller） 1．What makes the writer start imagining the three days? A．Walking in the woods. B．Asking herself questions. C．Seeing natural beauty. D．Touching interesting things. 2．What does the writer want to do during the three days? A．Read books to people on the first day. B．Go to the movies on the second day. C．Succeed in business on the third day. D．Have a wonderful dream every day. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．A description of different senses. B．A method of living a pleasant life. C．Encouragement to the blind people. D．Advice to people without disabilities. 4．Which is the best structure (结构) of the passage? （①=Paragraph 1     ②=Paragraph 2…） A． B． C． D． 5．Which of the following sayings may the writer agree with? A．Time is what we want most, but what we use worst. B．Never leave until tomorrow what you can do today. C．Live every moment and be thankful for what you have. D．The future belongs to those who are preparing for it now. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文改编自海伦·凯勒的《假如给我三天光明》，介绍了海伦想象自己如果只使用眼睛三天会做的事情，由此告诉我们应该活在当下，感激你所拥有的一切。 1．推理判断题。根据“How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk through the woods and see nothing worthy of note?”和“If I can get so much pleasure from touch, how much more beauty must be found by sight (视力)?”可知，作者通过问自己问题开始想象这三天。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“On my second day...In the evening, I should spend at the movies.”可知，作者第二天去看电影。故选B。 3．段落大意题。根据“I who am blind can give one suggestion to those who see: Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be blind. The same is true of other senses.”(作为一个盲人，我可以给那些能看见的人一个建议：使用你的眼睛，就像明天你就会失明一样。)由此可知，最后一段介绍的是给无残疾人士的建议。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段是作者问朋友的话以及朋友的回答；第二段介绍作者想象自己只使用眼睛三天最想看到的是什么；第三段到第五段是这三天做的事情；最后一段是作者给无残疾人士的建议。结构如D选项所示，故选D。 5．推理判断题。文章改编自海伦·凯勒的《假如给我三天光明》，介绍了海伦想象自己如果只使用眼睛三天会做的事情，由此告诉我们应该活在当下，感激你所拥有的一切。故选C。 长难句解析 原句：（第二段第二句）Recently, I asked a seeing friend who had just walked in the woods what she had noticed. 译文：最近，我问一位刚在树林里散步过的视力正常的朋友，她注意到了什么。 分析：本句是主从复合句。句子主干为I asked a seeing friend what she had noticed，其中asked是谓语动词，a seeing friend是间接宾语，what she had noticed是宾语从句作直接宾语；who had just walked in the woods是定语从句，修饰先行词a seeing friend。 长难句解析 1. 原句：（第一段第一句）I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me only through touch. 2. 译文：我这个看不见的人仅仅通过触摸就能发现成百上千件让我感兴趣的东西。 3. 分析：本句是主从复合句。句子主干为I find hundreds of things to interest me only through touch，其中find是谓语动词，hundreds of things是宾语，to interest me是后置定语修饰things，only through touch是方式状语；who cannot see是定语从句，修饰先行词I。 译文 最近，我问一位刚在树林里散步回来的视力正常的朋友，她都注意到了什么。“没什么特别的，”她回答道。 我暗自思忖，在树林里漫步怎么可能看不到任何值得留意的东西呢？像我这样看不见的人，仅仅通过触摸就能发现成百上千件让我感兴趣的事物。如果仅仅触摸就能给我带来如此多的乐趣，那么用眼睛去看又该能发现多少美好啊！于是我想象着，如果能让我有三天的视力，我最想看到什么。 第一天，我想看看那些让我的生命有意义的人，还有那些读给我听的书。下午，我会去树林里散散步，欣赏大自然的美景。那天晚上，我会兴奋得难以入眠。 第二天，我会去博物馆，了解人类的发展历程。我会努力通过人类的艺术作品去探寻人类的精神世界。晚上，我会去看电影。 第三天，我会置身于普通人的生活中，感受他们日常的忙碌。午夜时分，永恒的黑暗又将再次笼罩我，我会意识到自己还有那么多东西未曾看到。 作为一个盲人，我想给视力正常的人提一个建议：要像明天就会失明一样去使用你的眼睛。其他感官也是如此。要像明天就会失聪一样去聆听鸟儿的歌声。要像明天就再也闻不到花香一样去嗅闻花朵的芬芳……但在所有的感官中，我坚信视觉一定是最令人愉悦的。 （改编自海伦·凯勒的《假如给我三天光明》） 知识拓展 ①海伦·凯勒生平：海伦·凯勒（1880 - 1968）是美国著名的女作家、教育家、慈善家、社会活动家。在19个月大时因急性胃充血、脑充血而被夺去视力和听力。后来在安妮·莎莉文老师的帮助下，她学会阅读、写作和说话，并毕业于美国拉德克利夫学院。她致力于为残疾人造福，建立了许多慈善机构。 ②《假如给我三天光明》：这是海伦·凯勒的代表作，在书中她以一个身残志坚的柔弱女子的视角，告诫身体健全的人们应珍惜生命，珍惜造物主赐予的一切。本书中包含了本文节选的“三天光明”的内容，展现了她对光明世界的渴望与想象。 ③感官体验的重要性：现代研究表明，人类通过视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉和味觉等感官来感知世界，这些感官体验不仅影响着我们的日常生活，还对我们的心理健康和认知发展有着重要作用。例如，接触大自然的感官体验可以减轻压力、提高注意力和创造力。 ④关爱残疾人：如今，全球有大量的残疾人面临着生活和社会融入的难题。许多国家和组织都在积极推动残疾人权益保障和无障碍环境建设，以提高他们的生活质量和社会参与度。例如，在公共建筑中设置无障碍通道、为视障人士提供盲文标识和导盲设施等。 模拟演练 Passage A （2025·广东深圳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Pinocchio had a fever. The Fairy took a glass of water with medicine and said lovingly to Pinocchio, “Drink this, and you’ll feel better.” “No,” Pinocchio said. “I’d rather die than take that 1 thing.” At that moment, the door of the room flew open and in came four rabbits as black as ink, carrying a small black coffin (棺材) on their shoulders. “What do you want?” asked Pinocchio, feeling 2 . “We have come for you,” said the largest Rabbit. “Oh, Fairy, my Fairy,” Pinocchio cried out. “Give me the 3 ! Quick, please! I don’t want to 4 !” And holding the glass with his two hands, he swallowed (吞下) the medicine 5 . Then the Rabbits left. After that, the Fairy added, “Pinocchio, tell me how you were in the hands of the bad men last time.” “I had five gold pieces to give to my father, but on the way, I met two 6 who tied me and hung me to a tree,” said Pinocchio. “Where are the gold pieces now?” the Fairy asked. “I lost them,” answered Pinocchio. As he spoke, his nose became at least two inches longer. “And where did you lose them?” “In the 7 nearby.” At this second lie, his nose grew a few more inches. “If the gold pieces were 8 in the small forest nearby,” said the Fairy, “we’ll look for them and find them.” “Ah, now I 9 ,” replied Pinocchio. “I did not lose the gold pieces, but I swallowed them.” At this third lie, his nose became longer than ever. The Fairy sat there, 10 him and laughing. Pinocchio was embarrassed. 1．A．helpful B．delicious C．awful D．natural 2．A．frightened B．excited C．interested D．embarrassed 3．A．rabbit B．medicine C．gold D．rope 4．A．die B．think C．fail D．sleep 5．A．separately B．politely C．exactly D．quickly 6．A．friends B．strangers C．rabbits D．volunteers 7．A．house B．village C．wood D．playground 8．A．broken B．unknown C．lost D．endangered 9．A．remember B．imagine C．pretend D．suggest 10．A．looking for B．looking up C．looking like D．looking at 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文改编自经典童话《木偶奇遇记》，主要讲述了匹诺曹生病时抗拒吃药，后因看到死神般的兔子而被迫喝下；在回答仙女关于金币去向的问题时，匹诺曹多次说谎，导致鼻子不断变长，展现了匹诺曹的天真与不诚实，同时也暗示了说谎会带来不好的后果这一道理。 1．句意：“我宁愿死也不喝那糟糕的东西。 helpful有帮助的；delicious美味的；awful糟糕的；natural自然的。根据上文“I’d rather die”可知，匹诺曹拒绝喝药时说“宁愿死也不喝”，说明他认为药很糟糕。故选C。 2．句意：“你们想要什么？”匹诺曹害怕地问。 frightened害怕的；excited兴奋的；interested感兴趣的；embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“in came four rabbits as black as ink, carrying a small black coffin on their shoulders”可知，当看到四只黑兔子抬着棺材进来时，匹诺曹的反应肯定是害怕的。故选A。 3．句意：把药给我！ rabbit兔子；medicine药；gold金币；rope绳子。根据上文“The Fairy took a glass of water with medicine”可知，仙女让匹诺曹喝药，他一开始拒绝，但看到兔子后害怕了，所以让仙女给他药。故选B。 4．句意：我不想死！ die死亡；think思考；fail失败；sleep睡觉。根据上文“‘We have come for you,’ said the largest Rabbit.”可知，最大的兔子说“我们来是为了你”，说明诺曹害怕，所以此处是指他不想死才喝药。故选A。 5．句意：然后他用两只手拿着杯子，迅速地把药吞了下去。 separately分开地；politely礼貌地；exactly精确地；quickly快速地。根据语境可知，匹诺曹害怕死亡，所以快速地把药吞了下去。故选D。 6．句意：“我有五枚金币要给我爸爸，但在路上，我遇到了两个陌生人，他们把我绑起来挂在了树上。” 匹诺曹说。 friends朋友；strangers陌生人；rabbits兔子；volunteers志愿者。根据下文“who tied me and hung me to a tree”可知，匹诺曹说在路上遇到两个人把他绑起来挂在树上，这两个人他不认识，所以是陌生人。故选B。 7．句意：在附近的树林里。 house房子；village村庄；wood树林；playground操场。根据下文“in the small forest nearby”可知，此处是指他说金子丢在附近的树林里。故选C。 8．句意：“如果金币是丢在附近的小树林里，” 仙女说，“我们会去找并找到它们的。” broken破碎的；unknown未知的；lost丢失的；endangered濒危的。根据上文“And where did you lose them?”可知，此处是指仙女说如果金子是丢在附近的小树林里，他们可以去找找。故选C。 9．句意：“啊，现在我想起来了，” 匹诺曹回答。“我没有丢金币，而是把它们吞下去了。” remember记起；imagine想象；pretend假装；suggest建议。根据语境可知，匹诺曹之前说金子丢了，现在又说想起来是吞了下去，所以是“记起来”。故选A。 10．句意：仙女坐在那里，看着他笑。 looking for寻找；looking up查阅，仰望；looking like看起来像；looking at看着。根据“The Fairy sat there, … him and laughing.”可知，此处是指仙女坐在那里看着他笑。故选D。 Passage B What to Read on Holidays The Diamond Necklace Writer: Maupassant It's a story about a woman who is beautiful but poor. Her husband asks her to go to a party, so she borrows a diamond necklace(项链) from her rich friend. But she loses the necklace. Later she has to work hard to pay for it. The necklace changes her whole life. The Cop and the Anthem Writer: O. Henry It tells the story about Soapy, a New York City hobo(无业游民). At first, he wants to be caught by the policeman so that he can be a guest of the prison instead of sleeping out in the cold winter. Although he makes efforts, the policeman doesn't send him to prison. But when he wants to dead up his life, he is sent to prison. The Ransom of Red Chief Writer: O. Henry It's the story about two men and a boy. The two men catch a ten-year-old boy and ask the boy's father to ransom(赎回) him. But the man are bored with the naughty boy's behaviour. Finally, the men have to pay the boy's father to take him back. The Million Pound Note Writer: Mark Twain It tells experience of a poor young man Henry Adams after he surprisingly gets a one-million bank note from two rich men. His life changes completely because of the one-million bank note. 1．The diamond necklace ________. A．is borrowed from a friend of the woman's husband B．is stolen from a rich friend C．changes the whole life of the woman's friend D．changes the woman's whole life 2．Why does Soapy want to be caught by the policeman at first? A．Because he is crazy. B．Because he wants to clean up his life. C．Because he doesn't want to sleep out in the cold winter. D．Because he regrets what he has done. 3．Who created the character Henry Adams? A．O. Henry. B．Mark Twain. C．Maupassant. D．Jack London. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Henry Adams gets a one-million bank note from a rich man. B．Soapy isn't sent to prison finally. C．The Diamond Necklace was written by Maupassant. D．The Ransom of Red Chief was created by Mark Twain. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【分析】本文介绍了四本书籍的作者及故事梗概。 1．细节理解题。根据第一本书“Later she has to work hard to pay for it. The necklace changes her whole life.”可知，项链改变了女人的一生。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二本书“At first, he wants to be caught by the policeman so that he can be a guest of the prison instead of sleeping out in the cold winter.”可知，Soapy起初想被警察抓进监狱，是因为他不想在寒冷的冬天露宿街头。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四本书“Writer: Mark Twain…It tells experience of a poor young man Henry Adams…”可知，Henry Adams由马克·吐温创作。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第一本书“The Diamond Necklace…Writer: Maupassant”可知，《项链》由莫泊桑所写。故选C。 Passage C Manners are very important in our daily life. There are many different customs and habits among different countries. We must find out and follow their customs so that they will not think us ill-mannered. Here are examples of the things that a person with good education does or does not do. A person with good manners is always popular, but it is troublesome to a person with bad manners. If you visit a Chinese family, you should knock at the door first. When the door opens, you will not move before the host says “Come in, please.” After you enter the room, you would not sit down until the host asks you to take a seat. When a cup of tea is put on the tea table before you or sent to your hand, you should say “Thank you” and receive it with two hands, not one hand, or they will think you are ill-mannered. Before entering a house in Japan, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done. In a Malay house, a visitor never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In England, a visitor always finishes the drink or the food to show that he has enjoyed it. The host will be pleased with that. You have to give your present in public in the Middle East to show it is not a bribe (贿赂). But it’s good manners to give your present in private in Asia. You mustn’t give knives in Latin America because it suggests that you want to cut off the relationship. You mustn’t give your food or drink to Arabia because it suggests that you think your host isn’t offering you enough to eat and drink. “Come any time” means “I want you to visit me” in India. If you don’t suggest a time at once, the India will think you are refusing the invitation. But if English people say “Come any time”, they will think you are impolite if you start fixing (确定) a date. 1．It is important to learn that different countries and people have different manners because ________. A．we can eat and drink well B．we can know what to follow when we go to other countries C．we can be taught some good examples D．we won’t be afraid of people in those countries 2．In China, you shouldn’t ________ before the host says “Come in, please”. A．knock at the door B．run away C．come into the room D．open the door 3．In a Malay house, a guest leaves a little food to show that ________. A．he has enjoyed it B．he doesn’t like the food C．he needs some drink D．he can’t eat any more 4．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．It’s good manners to give presents in public in China. B．It’s good manners to give knives in Latin America. C．It’s good manners to give some food to Arabia. D．If English people say “Come any time”, it’s just a lip service (客套话). 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要通过举例介绍不同国家在日常交往、做客、送礼等方面的礼仪差异，提醒人们尊重各国习俗，避免失礼。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“There are many different customs and habits among different countries. We must find out and follow their customs so that they will not think us ill-mannered.”可知，了解不同国家和民族有不同的礼仪很重要，因为去其他国家时我们能知道要遵循什么。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“When the door opens, you will not move before the host says ‘Come in, please.’”可知，在中国，在主人说“请进”之前，你不应该进入房间。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“In a Malay house, a visitor never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough.”可知，在马来人的家里，客人留下一点食物表示他吃不下了。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第4段“But if English people say ‘Come any time’, they will think you are impolite if you start fixing (确定) a date.”可推知，英国人说“随时来”只是客套话，选项D正确。故选D。 Passage D “Where’s Papa going with that ax (斧头)?” said Fern to her mother as they were setting the table for breakfast. “He went to the pig house,” replied Mrs Arable. “Some pigs were born last night.” “I don’t understand why he needs an ax.” continued Fern, who was only eight years old. “Well,” said her mother, “one of the pigs is a runt (小不点儿). It’s very small and weak, and it will never amount to (成为) anything. So your father has decided to do away with it.” “Do away with it?” screamed Fern. “You mean he will kill it? Just because it’s smaller than the others?” Mrs Arable put a pitcher (罐) of cream on the table. “Don’t shout, Fern!” she said. “Your father is right. The pig will die anyway.” Fern pushed a chair out of the way and ran outdoors. She caught up with her father. “Please don’t kill it!” she cried. “It’s unfair (不公平的).” Mr Arable stopped walking. “Fern,” he said gently, “you will have to learn to control yourself.” “Control myself?” shouted Fern. “This is a matter of life and death, but you talk about controlling myself.” Tears (眼泪) ran down her cheeks and she took hold of the a x and tried to pull it out of her father’s hand. “Fern,” said Mr Arable, “I know more about raising pigs than you do. A weakling makes trouble. Now go home!” “But it’s unfair,” cried Fern. “The pig couldn’t help being born small, could it? If I had been very small at birth, would you have killed me?” Mr Arable smiled. “Certainly not.” he said, looking down at his daughter with love. “But this is different. A little girl is one thing, while a little runty pig is another.” “I see no difference.” replied Fern, still holding on to the ax. “This is the most terrible case of unfairness that I have ever heard.” A strange look came over Mr Arable’s face. He seemed almost ready to cry himself. “All right.” he said. “You go back to the house and I will bring the runt when I come back. I’ll let you look after the baby pig. Then you’ll see what trouble a pig can be.” Half an hour later, Mr Arable returned to the house, carrying a box under his arm. “Put it on her chair!” said Mrs Arable. Mr Arable set the box down at Fern’s place. Fern came slowly down the stairs. Her eyes were red from crying. As she got closer to her chair, the box wobbled (摇晃), and there was a scratching noise. Fern looked at her father. Then she opened the box. There, inside, looking up at her, was the newborn pig. It was a white one. The morning light shone through its ears, turning them pink. —Adapted from Charlotte’s Web 1．Why did Fern run outdoors after talking to her mother? A．To help her father with farm work. B．To stop her father from killing the runt. C．To find breakfast for the pig. D．To play with the newborn pigs. 2．Which is the correct order of what happened in the passage? ①Fern ran towards her father quickly.  ②Fern set the table for breakfast with her mother. ③Fern opened the box and saw the newborn pig.  ④Fern asked her father not to kill the newborn pig. A．③①②④ B．④③②① C．②④③① D．②①④③ 3．What can we infer from the underlined sentence? A．Mrs Arable wanted to show it was Fern’s pig. B．Mrs Arable didn’t want the pig to enter the kitchen. C．Mrs Arable planned to use this chair as the pig’s home. D．Mrs Arable was very excited to get the pig back. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．The relationship between Fern and her parents B．A talk at Fern’s home C．Fern’s fight to save the Runt Pig D．Fern’s interest in keeping a pet pig 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文节选自美国作家怀特创作的儿童文学作品《夏洛的网》，主要讲述故事开篇弗恩拯救落脚猪威尔伯的情节。 1．细节理解题。从文中“Fern pushed a chair out of the way and ran outdoors. She caught up with her father. ‘Please don’t kill it!’ she cried.”可知，弗恩跑出去是为了阻止父亲杀掉弱小的猪崽。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“‘Where’s Papa going with that ax?’ said Fern to her mother as they were setting the table for breakfast.”可知，弗恩和母亲摆早餐桌是最先发生的；接着，根据“Fern pushed a chair out of the way and ran outdoors. She caught up with her father.”可知，弗恩跑向父亲；然后，根据“‘Please don’t kill it!’ she cried.”可知，是弗恩请求父亲不要杀小猪；最后，根据“Then she opened the box. There, inside, looking up at her, was the newborn pig.”可知，为弗恩打开盒子看到小猪。所以顺序是②①④③。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“‘Put it on her chair!’ said Mrs Arable.”和前文弗恩努力争取留下小猪可推测出，弗恩母亲是想表明这是弗恩的猪，让她负责。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要围绕 弗恩得知父亲要杀掉弱小猪崽，努力抗争去拯救这只小猪的过程展开，选项C“弗恩为拯救弱小猪崽的抗争”最贴合全文主旨。故选C。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $