UNIT 3 Section Ⅳ Grammar-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书Word(外研版)
Section Ⅳ Grammar
复习时态
语法串烧 | 我的发现 |
Today is Sunday.I've been in Canada for two months.This is the first time that I have been① away from my family for such a long time.With the help of Katia,a roommate of mine,I've soon got used to living without my parents around.Katia,like many other Russian girls,is② nice and lively.We became friends shortly after we met③ each other.Although her English is a little hard to understand,we enjoy chatting and we usually talk④ a lot about our own families.We're both surprised that Chinese culture and Russian culture are⑤ so different.Now,we are planning⑥a small party for next Sunday.There,Katia will introduce⑦ me to some of her friends,one of whom has been to China several times.I just can't wait. | ①This is the first time that...句式中,that从句用现在完成时。 ②在此处用一般现在时表示客观事实。 ③met在此处表示动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时。 ④由usually并结合上下文语境可知,此处用一般现在时表示经常性的动作。 ⑤在此处用一般现在时表示客观事实。 ⑥由句中的Now可知,句子用现在进行时,表示现在正在进行的动作。 ⑦由上句的next Sunday可知,此处说的是将要发生的事,用一般将来时。 |
一、一般现在时
(一)构成:主语+do/does或am/is/are
(二)用法:
1.表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态。
He does his homework before dinner every evening.
他每天晚上晚饭前做作业。
2.表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与often,usually,sometimes,always等连用。
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She always goes there with her parents.
她总是和父母一起去那儿。
3.表示客观真理或客观存在的事实。
The earth turns round the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
4.表示计划、安排好的将来的动作。常用于表示位置转移的动词,如:go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin等。
The train for Hankou leaves at 8:00 in the morning.
开往汉口的列车于早上8点开车。
5.在时间或条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.请你一到德国就给我打电话。
6.表示(书、信、报纸、通知、牌示、广播等)“说/报道”,用一般现在时。
The radio says that there will be a heavy rain in the afternoon.广播说下午会有大雨。
7.叙述历史或在小说、戏剧中,常用一般现在时,以使其生动形象。
Jeanne is sitting in the park.Matilda walks towards her;she stops and speaks to Jeanne.珍妮正坐在公园里。玛蒂尔达走向她,停下来和她说话。
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二、现在进行时
(一)构成:主语+be(am/is/are)+doing
(二)用法:
1.表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。
Listen!Someone is playing the piano.
听!有人在弹钢琴。
2.表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定进行的动作。
We are studying Spanish this semester.
这学期我们正在学西班牙语。
3.表示将要发生的动作,一般跟时间状语,表明动作发生的时间。只用于动作动词,不用于状态动词。常见的动作动词有:arrive,begin,come,go,leave,start,stay等。
She is leaving for London tomorrow.
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她明天去伦敦。
4.现在进行时可与always,forever,continually,constantly等副词连用,表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作,含有抱怨、赞叹、厌倦等感情色彩。
He is always asking the same question.
他总是问同一个问题。
三、现在完成时
(一)构成:主语+have/has+done
(二)用法:
1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。可以表示最近完成的动作,也可以表示经历或经验。常与just,recently,so far,up to now,till now,ever,never等连用。
I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。
2.表示从过去开始、持续到现在(可能还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态,常和表示一段时间的状语连用,如:for,since,these days,this year,now等。
She has taught in the school for ten years.
她在这所学校教书已经10年了。
I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.
早饭后我就一直没有吃东西。
[名师点津] 表示短暂意义的动词(动作不能持续)如arrive,begin,borrow,buy,come,die,join,leave等,其现在完成时的肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,需要时要用相应的表示延续状态的动词替换。
His father has come to our school.
他父亲已经来到了我们学校。
His father has been in our school for 2 hours.
他父亲来我们学校已有两个小时了。
3.在时间、条件等从句中,代替将来完成时。
Once you have promised,you should keep it.
一旦许下诺言,务必遵守。
As long as you have cleaned all the windows,you are allowed to play.
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