UNIT 1 Section Ⅳ Grammar-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书Word（外研版）
Section Ⅳ Grammar
句子成分 & 基本句型
语法串烧 | 我的发现 |
Some people think that sport does us good in many ways①.Not only does sport help people to stay fit and healthy②，but the competition and teamwork in sport also give people a lot of motivation for pushing themselves hard③.Others believe that sport is not the only way to do this.Eating well is a big part of a healthy life④.Meanwhile，sport can actually be dangerous.There are millions of people hurt each year in playing sport⑤，and some of them are hurt very seriously⑥. | ①句为主谓宾结构；that引导的从句作动词think的宾语； ②句为主谓宾宾补结构；动词不定式短语作宾语补足语； ③句为主谓宾宾结构；主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语； ④句为主系表结构；动词-ing形式短语作主语；名词短语作表语； ⑤句为there be句型；真正的主语是millions of people； ⑥句为主谓状结构；副词短语作状语。 |
一、句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子成分分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
成分 | 意义 | 位置 | 可充当词 | 例句 |
主语S(subject) | 句子的主体，是谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出 | 位于句首 | 名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、从句等 | Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. |
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谓语V(verb) | 谓语表示主语的行为或状态，谓语动词与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致 | 主语之后 | 实义动词和系动词 | We love China. He can speak English. We have finished reading this book. |
宾语O(object) | 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 | 动词或介词后 | 名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、从句等 | The children are flying kites. Do you mind passing me the dictionary？ |
直接宾语DO(direct object) | 表示动作的对象、承受者或后果，一般是物 | 动词后 | 名词、代词 | She gave him a book. Tom passed her a ruler. |
间接宾语IO(indirect object) | 表示动作是向某人或为某人做的，一般是人 | 动词后 | 名词、代词 | Mum bought me a sweater. He taught us Chinese. |
表语P(predicative) | 用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等 | 系动词后 | 名词、形容词、介词短语、分词(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、从句等 | His words sounded reasonable. She is in good health. My father is a professor. |
宾语补足语OC(objectcomplement) | 补充说明宾语的动作或状态 | 宾语后 | 名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)等 | He has proved himself experienced. My mother always keeps everything in good order. I heard the telephone ringing. |
定语Attri. (attributive) | 修饰、限制名词或代词 | 修饰词的前面或后面 | 名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、 | These are apple trees. The men here are always busy working |
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| 从句等。 | on the farm. |
状语A(adverbial) | 说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度 | 位置灵活 | 副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等 | I'm very pleased to see you. I'll be back in a while. Having had a quarrel with his wife，he left home in a bad temper. |
学生用书第22页 |
◎巧学活用1
标出下面句子的成分(用S，V，O，P，A，DO，IO，OC)
①Many students often get up early in the morning．
S A V A
②He took changes from his pocket to buy a newspaper．
S V O A A
③John asked me to help him with his Chinese．
S V O OC
④A barking dog seldom bites．
S V
⑤Our teacher told us an interesting story．
S V IO DO
二、基本句型
按照结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫作简单句。简单句有7种基本句型：
1．S＋V(主谓结构)
这种句式是英语中最简单的句式，句中的动词大多为不及物动词，其后不能接宾语。常见的不及物动词有：apologize，appear，arrive，come，die，disappear，dive，exist，fall，flow，happen，rise等。
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