Unit 8 People and Events（B卷·单元测试卷）-《英语 基础模块1》（高教版2023版）《同步单元AB卷》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：本套《同步单元AB卷》紧扣《英语 基础模块1》（高教版2023修订版）教材，以教材单元为基准精准覆盖核心考点，并紧密贴合真题题型。A卷为考点梳理卷，侧重考点分层突破；B卷为单元测试卷，强化综合能力检测，助力师生高效把握教学重点，提升应试能力与知识应用水平。 本卷是Unit 8 People and Events的单元测试卷，主要考查词汇、词组、句式句型、情景交际功能话题、阅读能力和书面表达能力。 Unit 8 People and Events B卷·单元测试卷 考试时间：60分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、单项选择题（共15小题，每小题3分，共45分） 从 A、B、C、D 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.— What ______ I bring to the paper-making museum for the activity tomorrow? — You just need to take a notebook to record what you learn. A. must B. should C. will D. may 2.Zhan Tianyou spent four years ______ the Jingzhang Railway, and it finally opened in 1909. A. completing B. inventing C. considering D. chatting 3.In the past, people ______ walk for months to travel across the country, but now high-speed trains make it easy. A. can B. must C. had to D. should 4.— ______ you tell me more about George Stephenson? I want to write a report about him. — Of course. He’s called “The Father of Railways”. A. Can B. Must C. Need D. Should 5.Paper-making is considered a ______ invention in Chinese history because it changed how people share knowledge. A. common B. brilliant C. simple D. slow 6.My father ______ work in a railway station when he was young, but now he works in an office. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. is used for 7.This old machine in the museum ______ make paper in the past, but now it’s only for people to visit. A. is used to B. used to C. is used for D. was used for 8.— ______ we visit the Jingzhang Railway Museum next Saturday? I heard it has many old photos. — That’s a great idea! I’d love to go. A. Will B. Must C. Need D. Shall 9.There ______ be a special exhibition about ancient inventions in the city hall next month. Let’s go together. A. must B. might C. need D. should 10.The story of Zhan Tianyou ______ by teachers in many schools to tell students about his spirit of overcoming difficulties. A. tells B. is told C. told D. was telling 11.You ______ worry about not understanding the museum’s introduction — there are English signs there. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 12.The construction of the Jingzhang Railway was finished two years ahead of ______, which surprised many people at that time. A. plan B. schedule C. time D. date 13.James Watt improved the steam engine in 1776, making it an ______ power source for later inventions. A. effective B. expensive C. empty D. easy 14.— ______ I borrow your English textbook? I left mine at home. — Sure, here you are. A. Must B. May C. Need D. Will 15.There ______ be a heavy rain tomorrow, so you’d better take an umbrella with you. A. might B. must C. need D. should 二、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When we talk about great Chinese inventions, paper-making is always one of the first to be mentioned. Before Cai Lun improved paper-making, people used heavy materials like bamboo slips to 16 ______ words. It took a lot of space to store them, and they were hard to 17______. Cai Lun lived in the Han Dynasty. He 18 ______ that the old paper-making method was not good enough, so he decided to improve it. He 19 ______ many materials, such as tree bark, old cloth and fishing nets. After hundreds of 20 ______, he finally 21 ______ a new type of paper. This paper was thin, light and 22 ______. Soon, Cai Lun’s paper was 23 ______ all over China. Later, it spread to other countries in Asia and Europe. It helped people 24 ______ more books and share knowledge faster. Without this invention, many ancient stories and ideas 25 ______ be lost today. Now, even though we have computers and smartphones, paper is still important in our lives. We use it to write, draw and print. Every time we use paper, we should remember Cai Lun’s hard work and his great contribution to the world. 16.A. write B. hide C. waste D. forget 17.A. carry B. break C. sell D. burn 18.A. noticed B. promised C. dreamed D. hoped 19.A. tried B. bought C. threw D. saved 20.A. tests B. games C. talks D. trips 21.A. created B. failed C. stopped D. forgot 22.A. cheap B. expensive C. heavy D. dirty 23.A. used B. hidden C. kept D. found 24.A. make B. read C. collect D. destroy 25.A. might B. must C. need D. should 三、阅读理解（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The Story of the Steam Engine and Trains Before the 18th century, people mainly used horses or boats to travel and carry goods. This changed with the invention of the steam engine. In 1712, Thomas Newcomen made the first practical steam engine, but it was not efficient. It used too much coal and could not produce much power. Years later, James Watt, a British engineer, noticed this problem. He spent years improving the steam engine. In 1776, his improved steam engine was ready. It was more efficient and could be used in many ways — not just for pumping water from mines. The improved steam engine led to the invention of trains. In 1804, Richard Trevithick, another British engineer, built a steam locomotive. It pulled a few cars with 10 tons of iron and 70 people. Although it only ran at 8 kilometers per hour, it was the first time a machine pulled people and goods on rails. Later, George Stephenson made trains better. He built a faster and stronger steam locomotive called “Stephenson’s Rocket” in 1829. This locomotive could run at 48 kilometers per hour. Stephenson also helped build the first public railway between Liverpool and Manchester in the UK. This railway opened in 1830 and carried passengers and goods every day. Thanks to these inventors, trains became a popular means of transportation. They made long-distance travel faster and cheaper, and helped connect different parts of the world. 26.What was the problem with Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine? A. It was too light. B. It was not efficient. C. It was too small. D. It was not safe. 27.When did James Watt finish improving the steam engine? A. In 1712 B. In 1776 C. In 1804 D. In 1829 28.What did Richard Trevithick do in 1804? A. He made the first steam engine. B. He improved the steam engine. C. He built the first steam locomotive. D. He built the first public railway. 29.How fast could “Stephenson’s Rocket” run? A. 8 kilometers per hour B. 20 kilometers per hour C. 48 kilometers per hour D. 60 kilometers per hour 30.What can we know from the passage? A. The first public railway was built in the US. B. Trains made long-distance travel faster. C. James Watt built the first steam locomotive. D. “Stephenson’s Rocket” was made in 1830. 四、情景交际（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据对话内容，从方框中选择合适的选项补全对话（其中有一项多余）。 （Li Hua and Peter are talking about Chinese inventions and engineers.） Peter: Hi Li Hua! I read an article about Chinese inventions yesterday. It mentioned paper-making and railways. Li Hua: That’s great! Those are two important parts of Chinese history. Peter: I want to know more about paper-making. 31 ______? Li Hua: It was improved by Cai Lun in the Han Dynasty. He used cheap materials to make good paper. Peter: Wow, that’s clever. What about the famous railway in China — the Jingzhang Railway? 32 ______? Li Hua: It was built between 1905 and 1909. It was the first railway designed by Chinese people. Peter: 33 ______? Li Hua: Zhan Tianyou. He was a great engineer who overcame many difficulties to build it. Peter: Why was it hard to build? 34 ______? Li Hua: Because it had to go through mountains. Zhan Tianyou even designed a special line to solve the problem. Peter: That’s amazing! 35 ______? Li Hua: Of course. We can visit the Jingzhang Railway Museum when you come to China. A. Who built the Jingzhang Railway B. When was it built C. Could you take me to visit it someday D. What materials did he use E. Who improved the paper-making method F. Was it easy to build 五、书面表达（15分） 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 Peter 对中国的重要发明很感兴趣，来信请你给他介绍一种你认为有意义的中国发明。请你根据以下提示给他回一封邮件，词数 80-100 左右。 提示： 1. 介绍发明的名称及发明 / 改进的时代、人物； 2. 说明该发明的主要特点或用途； 3. 阐述该发明对中国乃至世界的影响。 Dear Peter, I’m glad you’re interested in Chinese inventions! Looking forward to your trip to China! Yours, Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：本套《同步单元AB卷》紧扣《英语 基础模块1》（高教版2023修订版）教材，以教材单元为基准精准覆盖核心考点，并紧密贴合真题题型。A卷为考点梳理卷，侧重考点分层突破；B卷为单元测试卷，强化综合能力检测，助力师生高效把握教学重点，提升应试能力与知识应用水平。 本卷是Unit 8 People and Events的单元测试卷，主要考查词汇、词组、句式句型、情景交际功能话题、阅读能力和书面表达能力。 Unit 8 People and Events B卷·单元测试卷 考试时间：60分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、单项选择题（共15小题，每小题3分，共45分） 从 A、B、C、D 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.— What ______ I bring to the paper-making museum for the activity tomorrow? — You just need to take a notebook to record what you learn. A. must B. should C. will D. may 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查情态动词的用法辨析。句意是 “—— 明天去造纸博物馆参加活动，我应该带些什么？—— 你只需要带个笔记本记录所学内容就行。”“should” 表 “应该”，用于询问建议或提出该做的事，符合 “询问带什么物品” 的场景；“must”（必须）语气过强，“will”（将要）表将来，“may”（可以）表许可，均不符合语境。 2.Zhan Tianyou spent four years ______ the Jingzhang Railway, and it finally opened in 1909. A. completing B. inventing C. considering D. chatting 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查动词词义辨析及 “spend + 时间 + doing” 结构。句意是 “詹天佑花了四年时间建成京张铁路，该铁路最终于 1909 年通车。”“spend + 时间 + doing sth.” 表示 “花费时间做某事”，“completing”（完成）符合 “建成铁路” 的语义；“inventing”（发明，铁路是修建不是发明）、“considering”（考虑）、“chatting”（聊天）均与 “铁路” 搭配不当。 3.In the past, people ______ walk for months to travel across the country, but now high-speed trains make it easy. A. can B. must C. had to D. should 【答案】C 【解析】此题考查情态动词的过去式用法。句意是 “过去，人们不得不步行数月横穿全国，但现在高铁让这变得容易了。”“in the past” 表过去，“had to”（不得不）强调过去因客观条件限制必须做某事，符合 “过去无便捷交通，只能步行” 的语境；“can”（现在能）、“must”（现在必须）、“should”（应该）均无 “过去客观必要” 的含义。 4.— ______ you tell me more about George Stephenson? I want to write a report about him. — Of course. He’s called “The Father of Railways”. A. Can B. Must C. Need D. Should 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查情态动词的请求用法。句意是 “—— 你能多给我讲讲乔治・斯蒂芬森吗？我想写一篇关于他的报告。—— 当然可以，他被称为‘铁路之父’。”“Can you...” 是口语中请求对方做某事的常用句式，语气委婉，符合 “请求讲解人物” 的场景；“must”（必须）、“need”（需要）、“should”（应该）均不用于礼貌请求。 5.Paper-making is considered a ______ invention in Chinese history because it changed how people share knowledge. A. common B. brilliant C. simple D. slow 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查形容词词义辨析。句意是 “造纸术被认为是中国历史上一项杰出的发明，因为它改变了人们分享知识的方式。”“brilliant”（杰出的、卓越的）符合 “造纸术对知识传播有重大影响，是伟大发明” 的语义；“common”（普通的）、“simple”（简单的）、“slow”（缓慢的）均与 “重要发明” 的属性不符。 6.My father ______ work in a railway station when he was young, but now he works in an office. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. is used for 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查 “used to” 相关短语辨析。句意是 “我爸爸年轻时曾在火车站工作，但现在他在办公室上班。”“used to do sth.” 表示 “过去常常做某事”，与后文 “now” 形成对比，符合语境；“is used to” 后接 doing（现在习惯于）、“was used to” 后接 doing（过去习惯于）、“is used for”（被用于）均不符合 “过去做某事，现在不做” 的语义。 7.This old machine in the museum ______ make paper in the past, but now it’s only for people to visit. A. is used to B. used to C. is used for D. was used for 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查 “used to” 与 “be used to” 的辨析。句意是 “博物馆里的这台旧机器过去是用来造纸的，但现在只供人们参观。”“used to do sth.” 表示 “过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形，符合 “机器过去的用途是造纸” 的语境；“is used to do”（现在被用于）、“is used for”（现在被用于，后接 doing）、“was used for”（过去被用于，后接 doing）均与 “make”（动词原形）搭配不当。 8.— ______ we visit the Jingzhang Railway Museum next Saturday? I heard it has many old photos. — That’s a great idea! I’d love to go. A. Will B. Must C. Need D. Shall 【答案】D 【解析】此题考查情态动词的提议用法。句意是 “—— 我们下周六去京张铁路博物馆好吗？我听说那里有很多老照片。—— 好主意！我很想去。”“Shall we...” 是提出建议的常用句式，主语为第一人称（we），符合 “提议周末去博物馆” 的场景；“Will we...”（我们会吗）、“Must we...”（我们必须吗）、“Need we...”（我们需要吗）均不用于提出建议。 9.There ______ be a special exhibition about ancient inventions in the city hall next month. Let’s go together. A. must B. might C. need D. should 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查情态动词的推测用法。句意是 “下个月市政厅可能会有一场关于古代发明的特别展览，我们一起去吧。”“next month” 表将来，“might”（可能）表对未来事件的不确定推测，语气较弱，符合 “未确定是否有展览，只是提议” 的语境；“must”（一定，推测过绝对）、“need”（需要）、“should”（应该）均不用于未来不确定推测。 10.The story of Zhan Tianyou ______ by teachers in many schools to tell students about his spirit of overcoming difficulties. A. tells B. is told C. told D. was telling 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查被动语态。句意是 “詹天佑的故事在很多学校被老师们讲述，以告诉学生他克服困难的精神。”句子主语 “the story” 与 “tell” 是被动关系（故事被讲述），且描述的是现在的常规情况，用一般现在时被动语态 “is told”；“tells”（主动现在时）、“told”（主动过去时）、“was telling”（主动过去进行时）均无被动含义。 11.You ______ worry about not understanding the museum’s introduction — there are English signs there. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查情态动词的否定用法。句意是 “你不必担心看不懂博物馆的讲解，那里有英文标识。”“needn’t”（不必）表示 “没有必要做某事”，符合 “有英文标识，不用担心看不懂” 的语境；“mustn’t”（禁止）、“can’t”（不能）、“shouldn’t”（不应该）均无 “没必要” 的含义。 12.The construction of the Jingzhang Railway was finished two years ahead of ______, which surprised many people at that time. A. plan B. schedule C. time D. date 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查固定短语搭配。句意是 “京张铁路的修建比计划提前两年完工，这在当时让很多人感到惊讶。”“ahead of schedule” 是固定短语，意为 “提前”，专指 “比预定计划时间早”，符合 “铁路修建提前完工” 的语境；“plan”（计划，不与 “ahead of” 搭配）、“time”（时间，“ahead of time” 泛指 “提前”，不强调 “计划”）、“date”（日期，“ahead of date” 无此搭配）均不符合固定表达。 13.James Watt improved the steam engine in 1776, making it an ______ power source for later inventions. A. effective B. expensive C. empty D. easy 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查形容词词义辨析。句意是 “詹姆斯・瓦特在 1776 年改进了蒸汽机，使其成为后来发明的一种有效动力来源。”“effective”（有效的）符合 “改进后的蒸汽机动力更强，能为其他发明提供可靠动力” 的语义；“expensive”（昂贵的）、“empty”（空的）、“easy”（容易的）均与 “动力来源” 的功能属性不符。 14.— ______ I borrow your English textbook? I left mine at home. — Sure, here you are. A. Must B. May C. Need D. Will 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查情态动词的请求许可用法。句意是 “—— 我可以借你的英语课本吗？我的落在家里了。—— 当然可以，给你。”“May I...” 是请求对方许可的礼貌句式，符合 “借课本” 的场景；“must”（必须）、“need”（需要）、“will”（将要）均不用于请求许可。 15.There ______ be a heavy rain tomorrow, so you’d better take an umbrella with you. A. might B. must C. need D. should 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查情态动词的推测用法。句意是 “明天可能会下大雨，所以你最好带把伞。”“might”（可能）表对未来天气的不确定推测，符合 “天气预报无法完全确定，只是提醒带伞” 的语境；“must”（一定，推测过绝对）、“need”（需要）、“should”（应该）均不用于天气的不确定推测。 二、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When we talk about great Chinese inventions, paper-making is always one of the first to be mentioned. Before Cai Lun improved paper-making, people used heavy materials like bamboo slips to 16 ______ words. It took a lot of space to store them, and they were hard to 17______. Cai Lun lived in the Han Dynasty. He 18 ______ that the old paper-making method was not good enough, so he decided to improve it. He 19 ______ many materials, such as tree bark, old cloth and fishing nets. After hundreds of 20 ______, he finally 21 ______ a new type of paper. This paper was thin, light and 22 ______. Soon, Cai Lun’s paper was 23 ______ all over China. Later, it spread to other countries in Asia and Europe. It helped people 24 ______ more books and share knowledge faster. Without this invention, many ancient stories and ideas 25 ______ be lost today. Now, even though we have computers and smartphones, paper is still important in our lives. We use it to write, draw and print. Every time we use paper, we should remember Cai Lun’s hard work and his great contribution to the world. 16.A. write B. hide C. waste D. forget 17.A. carry B. break C. sell D. burn 18.A. noticed B. promised C. dreamed D. hoped 19.A. tried B. bought C. threw D. saved 20.A. tests B. games C. talks D. trips 21.A. created B. failed C. stopped D. forgot 22.A. cheap B. expensive C. heavy D. dirty 23.A. used B. hidden C. kept D. found 24.A. make B. read C. collect D. destroy 25.A. might B. must C. need D. should 【答案】16.A 17. A 18. A 19. A 20. A 21. A 22. A 23. A 24. A 25. A 【导语】短文介绍造纸术是中国伟大发明，提及蔡伦改进前人们用笨重竹简写字，蔡伦在汉朝尝试多种材料，经数百次试验造出轻薄便宜的纸，纸随后普及并传播，助力书籍制作与知识分享，至今仍重要。 【解析】 16.A。此题考查动词词义辨析。句意是 “在蔡伦改进造纸术前，人们用竹简这类笨重材料写字”。“write words”（写字）符合 “竹简的用途是记录文字” 的逻辑；“hide”（隐藏）、“waste”（浪费）、“forget”（忘记）均与 “竹简和文字” 的搭配不符。 17.A。此题考查动词词义辨析。句意是 “储存竹简需要很多空间，且它们很难携带”。前文提竹简 “heavy”（笨重），故 “carry”（携带）符合 “笨重物品不易携带” 的语境；“break”（打破）、“sell”（卖）、“burn”（燃烧）均与 “笨重” 带来的问题无关。 18.A。此题考查动词词义辨析。句意是 “蔡伦生活在汉朝，他发现旧造纸方法不够好，于是决定改进”。“noticed”（发现、注意到）符合 “意识到旧方法的不足” 的逻辑；“promised”（承诺）、“dreamed”（梦想）、“hoped”（希望）均无法体现 “发现问题” 的含义。 19.A。此题考查动词词义辨析。句意是 “他尝试了多种材料，如树皮、旧布和渔网”。改进造纸术需试验材料，“tried”（尝试）符合 “测试不同材料” 的语境；“bought”（买）、“threw”（扔）、“saved”（拯救）均与 “改进技术时对待材料的动作” 不符。 20.A。此题考查名词词义辨析。句意是 “经过数百次试验，他最终造出了一种新纸”。改进发明需反复试验，“tests”（试验）符合 “通过试验完善技术” 的逻辑；“games”（游戏）、“talks”（谈话）、“trips”（旅行）均与 “造纸术改进过程” 无关。 21.A。此题考查动词词义辨析。句意是 “经过数百次试验，他最终造出了一种新纸”。试验的目的是 “创造新纸”，“created”（创造、制造）符合 “成功做出新纸” 的语义；“failed”（失败）、“stopped”（停止）、“forgot”（忘记）均与 “成功改进” 的结果矛盾。 22.A。此题考查形容词词义辨析。句意是 “这种纸轻薄且便宜”。前文提旧材料 “笨重”，新纸应是优点，“cheap”（便宜）符合 “新纸易普及” 的特点；“expensive”（昂贵的）、“heavy”（重的）、“dirty”（脏的）均为负面属性，与新纸的优势不符。 23.A。此题考查动词词义辨析。句意是 “很快，蔡伦造的纸在全中国被使用”。新纸有优势，故 “used”（使用）符合 “纸被普及应用” 的语境；“hidden”（隐藏）、“kept”（保存）、“found”（发现）均无法体现 “广泛应用” 的含义。 24.A。此题考查动词词义辨析。句意是 “它帮助人们制作更多书籍，更快地分享知识”。纸是制作书籍的材料，“make books”（制作书籍）符合 “纸的用途助力书籍生产” 的逻辑；“read”（读）、“collect”（收集）、“destroy”（破坏）均与 “纸对书籍的作用” 不符。 25.A。此题考查情态动词词义辨析。句意是 “没有这项发明，如今很多古老故事和思想可能会失传”。“might”（可能）表不确定的推测，符合 “没有造纸术的假设下，知识可能丢失” 的语境；“must”（一定）推测过绝对，“need”（需要）、“should”（应该）均无 “推测” 含义。 三、阅读理解（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The Story of the Steam Engine and Trains Before the 18th century, people mainly used horses or boats to travel and carry goods. This changed with the invention of the steam engine. In 1712, Thomas Newcomen made the first practical steam engine, but it was not efficient. It used too much coal and could not produce much power. Years later, James Watt, a British engineer, noticed this problem. He spent years improving the steam engine. In 1776, his improved steam engine was ready. It was more efficient and could be used in many ways — not just for pumping water from mines. The improved steam engine led to the invention of trains. In 1804, Richard Trevithick, another British engineer, built a steam locomotive. It pulled a few cars with 10 tons of iron and 70 people. Although it only ran at 8 kilometers per hour, it was the first time a machine pulled people and goods on rails. Later, George Stephenson made trains better. He built a faster and stronger steam locomotive called “Stephenson’s Rocket” in 1829. This locomotive could run at 48 kilometers per hour. Stephenson also helped build the first public railway between Liverpool and Manchester in the UK. This railway opened in 1830 and carried passengers and goods every day. Thanks to these inventors, trains became a popular means of transportation. They made long-distance travel faster and cheaper, and helped connect different parts of the world. 26.What was the problem with Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine? A. It was too light. B. It was not efficient. C. It was too small. D. It was not safe. 27.When did James Watt finish improving the steam engine? A. In 1712 B. In 1776 C. In 1804 D. In 1829 28.What did Richard Trevithick do in 1804? A. He made the first steam engine. B. He improved the steam engine. C. He built the first steam locomotive. D. He built the first public railway. 29.How fast could “Stephenson’s Rocket” run? A. 8 kilometers per hour B. 20 kilometers per hour C. 48 kilometers per hour D. 60 kilometers per hour 30.What can we know from the passage? A. The first public railway was built in the US. B. Trains made long-distance travel faster. C. James Watt built the first steam locomotive. D. “Stephenson’s Rocket” was made in 1830. 【答案】26.B 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. B 【导语】文章介绍蒸汽机与火车的发展：18 世纪前人们靠马或船出行，1712 年纽科门造出首台实用但低效的蒸汽机，1776 年瓦特改进后效率提升，1804 年特里维西克造首台蒸汽机车，1829 年斯蒂芬森造出更快的 “火箭号” 并助力修建首条公共铁路，火车最终成重要交通工具。 【解析】 26.B。此题是细节理解题。根据原文第二段 “In 1712, Thomas Newcomen made the first practical steam engine, but it was not efficient” 可知，纽科门的蒸汽机存在的问题是 “低效”，选项 B 与原文信息完全匹配；A（太轻）、C（太小）、D（不安全）在文中均未提及，属于无中生有。 27.B。此题是细节理解题。根据原文第二段 “In 1776, his improved steam engine was ready” 可知，瓦特在 1776 年完成了蒸汽机的改进，“was ready” 对应 “finish improving”，选项 B 符合原文时间；A（1712 年）是纽科门造蒸汽机的时间，C（1804 年）是特里维西克造机车的时间，D（1829 年）是斯蒂芬森造 “火箭号” 的时间，均为干扰项。 28.C。此题是细节理解题。根据原文第三段 “In 1804, Richard Trevithick, another British engineer, built a steam locomotive” 可知，1804 年特里维西克的成就为 “建造首台蒸汽机车”，选项 C 与原文一致；A（造首台蒸汽机）是纽科门的事，B（改进蒸汽机）是瓦特的事，D（建首条公共铁路）是斯蒂芬森助力完成的事，均与特里维西克无关。 29.C。此题是细节理解题。根据原文第四段 “He built a faster and stronger steam locomotive called ‘Stephenson’s Rocket’ in 1829. This locomotive could run at 48 kilometers per hour” 可知，“火箭号” 的速度是每小时 48 公里，选项 C 直接对应原文数据；A（每小时 8 公里）是特里维西克机车的速度，B（每小时 20 公里）、D（每小时 60 公里）在文中无依据，属于混淆信息。 30.B。此题是细节理解题。根据原文最后一段 “They made long-distance travel faster and cheaper” 可知，火车让长途旅行更快捷，选项 B 与原文表述一致；A（首条公共铁路在美国修建）错误，原文提到在英国（between Liverpool and Manchester in the UK）；C（瓦特造首台蒸汽机车）错误，造机车的是特里维西克；D（“火箭号” 造于 1830 年）错误，原文明确是 1829 年，均不符合原文。 四、情景交际（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据对话内容，从方框中选择合适的选项补全对话（其中有一项多余）。 （Li Hua and Peter are talking about Chinese inventions and engineers.） Peter: Hi Li Hua! I read an article about Chinese inventions yesterday. It mentioned paper-making and railways. Li Hua: That’s great! Those are two important parts of Chinese history. Peter: I want to know more about paper-making. 31 ______? Li Hua: It was improved by Cai Lun in the Han Dynasty. He used cheap materials to make good paper. Peter: Wow, that’s clever. What about the famous railway in China — the Jingzhang Railway? 32 ______? Li Hua: It was built between 1905 and 1909. It was the first railway designed by Chinese people. Peter: 33 ______? Li Hua: Zhan Tianyou. He was a great engineer who overcame many difficulties to build it. Peter: Why was it hard to build? 34 ______? Li Hua: Because it had to go through mountains. Zhan Tianyou even designed a special line to solve the problem. Peter: That’s amazing! 35 ______? Li Hua: Of course. We can visit the Jingzhang Railway Museum when you come to China. A. Who built the Jingzhang Railway B. When was it built C. Could you take me to visit it someday D. What materials did he use E. Who improved the paper-making method F. Was it easy to build 【答案】31.E 32. B 33. A 34. F 35. C 【导语】李华和彼得谈论中国发明与工程师，彼得想了解造纸术，询问改进者；后又问京张铁路的修建时间、建造者及修建难的原因，最后请求李华带自己参观京张铁路博物馆，李华同意。 【解析】 31.E。此题考查根据答语选问句。根据李华的回答 “It was improved by Cai Lun in the Han Dynasty”（是汉朝的蔡伦改进的）可知，彼得的问句应是询问 “谁改进了造纸术”；选项 E “Who improved the paper-making method”（谁改进了造纸方法）与答语直接匹配，其他选项均不涉及 “造纸术改进者”。 32.B。此题考查根据答语选问句。根据李华的回答 “It was built between 1905 and 1909”（修建于 1905 年至 1909 年之间）可知，彼得的问句应是询问 “京张铁路的修建时间”；选项 B “When was it built”（它是什么时候修建的）与答语中的时间信息对应，其他选项均不涉及 “时间”。 33.A。此题考查根据答语选问句。根据李华的回答 “Zhan Tianyou. He was a great engineer who overcame many difficulties to build it”（詹天佑，他是克服诸多困难修建铁路的伟大工程师）可知，彼得的问句应是询问 “京张铁路的建造者”；选项 A “Who built the Jingzhang Railway”（谁建造了京张铁路）与答语中的人物信息匹配，其他选项均不涉及 “建造者”。 34.F。此题考查根据答语选问句。根据彼得的前文 “Why was it hard to build”（为什么修建它很难）及李华的回答 “Because it had to go through mountains”（因为它必须穿过山区）可知，彼得的问句应是进一步围绕 “修建难度” 展开；选项 F “Was it easy to build”（修建它容易吗）与 “修建难” 的话题一致，且答语解释了 “不容易” 的原因，其他选项均偏离 “修建难度” 话题。 35.C。此题考查根据答语选问句。根据李华的回答 “Of course. We can visit the Jingzhang Railway Museum when you come to China”（当然可以，你下次来中国时我们可以去参观京张铁路博物馆）可知，彼得的问句应是请求 “带自己参观博物馆”；选项 C “Could you take me to visit it someday”（你哪天能带我去参观它吗）与答语中的 “参观” 信息对应，其他选项均不涉及 “请求参观”。 五、书面表达（15分） 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 Peter 对中国的重要发明很感兴趣，来信请你给他介绍一种你认为有意义的中国发明。请你根据以下提示给他回一封邮件，词数 80-100 左右。 提示： 1. 介绍发明的名称及发明 / 改进的时代、人物； 2. 说明该发明的主要特点或用途； 3. 阐述该发明对中国乃至世界的影响。 Dear Peter, I’m glad you’re interested in Chinese inventions! Looking forward to your trip to China! Yours, Li Hua 【参考例文】 Dear Peter, I’m glad you’re interested in Chinese inventions! I’d like to introduce paper-making, one of the most meaningful ones. It was greatly improved by Cai Lun during the Han Dynasty. Unlike heavy bamboo slips used before, his paper was thin, light and cheap. People could easily use it to write, record stories and make books. This invention didn’t just change China—it spread to other countries later. It helped share knowledge faster around the world. Isn’t it amazing? Looking forward to your trip to China! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】 本文以邮件形式给英国笔友 Peter 介绍中国有意义的发明 —— 造纸术，严格遵循提示要求：先点明发明名称及改进者、时代，再说明新纸的特点与用途，最后阐述其对中国和世界的影响，内容完整且符合 80-100 词的词数要求，语言简洁自然，贴合日常书信语境。 【解析】 （一）词汇积累 核心词汇：improve（改进，对应 “改进造纸术”）、thin（薄的，描述纸的特点）、record（记录，说明纸的用途）、spread（传播，体现发明的影响）、knowledge（知识，呼应 “分享知识” 的核心作用）。 Unit 8 关联词汇：均来自单元重点词，如 “improve”“record”“spread” 在课文中围绕 “发明与传播” 主题高频出现，确保用词贴合单元学习内容。 （二）句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：It was greatly improved by Cai Lun. It was during the Han Dynasty. 拓展句：It was greatly improved by Cai Lun during the Han Dynasty.（用介词短语 “during the Han Dynasty” 合并两句，简洁交代 “改进者” 与 “时代”，避免句式零散）。 补充逻辑关系 原句：His paper was thin, light and cheap. People could easily use it. 拓展句：Unlike heavy bamboo slips used before, his paper was thin, light and cheap. People could easily use it to write...（用 “unlike” 补充对比逻辑，将 “新纸特点” 与 “旧材料（竹简）的笨重” 对比，突出发明的优势，让语义更连贯）。 点睛 【高分句型 1】 I’d like to introduce paper-making, one of the most meaningful ones. 解析：用 “one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 结构，既点明介绍对象 “造纸术”，又通过 “most meaningful” 强调其重要性，句式简洁且有感染力，开篇快速抓住重点。 【高分句型 2】 This invention didn’t just change China—it spread to other countries later. 解析：用 “didn’t just...—...”（不仅…… 而且……）的并列结构，清晰体现发明 “对中国的影响” 和 “对世界的影响” 两层含义，逻辑层次分明，避免重复使用 “and”，让表达更丰富。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $