专题02 长难句的分析突破（全国通用）2026年高考英语阅读理解突破策略及押题

专题02.长难句的分析突破 策略分析 长难句是高三英语阅读理解的核心障碍，其本质是 “主干 + 多层修饰” 的语法组合体，常通过嵌套从句、插入非谓语成分、调整语序等方式提升复杂度。逐词翻译易导致逻辑断裂，核心解题策略为 “先拆后合”：先剥离修饰成分锁定句子主干（主谓宾 / 主系表），再理清修饰成分与主干的逻辑关系，最终重组句意。这一策略可快速突破信息定位、选项判断等题型难点，是提升阅读速度与准确率的关键能力。 阅读语篇中不同的长难句的拆解策略 英语中常出现包含多个从句、插入语或倒装结构的长难句，若逐词翻译易造成逻辑混乱。核心策略是 “拆分句子结构”，抓住主干信息。 （一）找主干法：定位核心，剥离修饰 主干是句子的 “骨架”，由 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 / 表语” 构成；定语（修饰名词）、状语（修饰动词 / 句子）、插入语（补充说明）等为 “血肉”，可暂时剥离。具体步骤为：先找谓语动词（排除非谓语 doing/done/to do），再顺推主语、倒推宾语 / 表语。 【举例1】 The museum we visited last weekend, which houses a collection of ancient artifacts discovered in the Silk Road, offers visitors a glimpse into the cultural exchanges between East and West. 【分析】 找谓语：排除 “visited”（定语从句谓语）、“houses”（非限制性定语从句谓语），确定主干谓语为 “offers”； 定主语：谓语前的核心名词为 “The museum”； 寻宾语：谓语后 “visitors a glimpse” 为 “间接宾语 + 直接宾语”； 主干提炼：The museum offers visitors a glimpse（这家博物馆为游客提供了了解机会）。 修饰成分补充：“we visited last weekend”（省略 that 的定语从句，修饰 museum）、“which houses... Silk Road”（非限制性定语从句，补充博物馆藏品信息）、“into the cultural exchanges... West”（介词短语作后置定语，说明 “了解机会” 的内容）。先抓主干可快速明确句子核心功能，再看修饰可完善细节理解。 【举例2】 To ensure the accuracy of the experiment, all variables must be carefully controlled, leaving no room for unexpected errors. 【分析】 找谓语：排除 “To ensure”（目的状语，非谓语）、“leaving”（结果状语，非谓语），确定主干谓语为 “must be controlled”； 主干提炼：All variables must be carefully controlled（所有变量必须被严格控制）。 修饰成分补充：“To ensure... experiment”（目的状语，说明控制变量的原因）、“leaving... errors”（现在分词短语作结果状语，补充控制变量的效果）。 （二）识别从句信号词：划分层次，理清关系 从句需通过信号词（连接词）依附主句存在，不同信号词对应不同从句类型，明确信号词功能即可区分主次关系。高频信号词分类及功能如下： 从句类型 核心信号词 功能说明 定语从句 that/which/who/whose/when/where 修饰名词，表 “…… 的” 宾语从句 that/if/whether/what/how 作动词 / 介词的宾语，表 “动作对象” 主语从句 What/Whether/That（置于句首） 作句子主语，表 “核心话题” 状语从句 because/while/when/if/only if 表原因、让步、时间、条件等逻辑 【举例1】 What surprised the researchers most was that the participants who received regular positive feedback showed a 40% higher success rate in maintaining healthy habits. 【分析】 信号词定位：“What”（主语从句信号词）、“that”（表语从句信号词）、“who”（定语从句信号词）； 层次划分： 主语从句（主干主语）：What surprised the researchers most（最让研究人员惊讶的是）； 表语从句（主干表语）：that the participants... showed a 40% higher success rate（那些参与者…… 成功率高出 40%）； 定语从句（修饰 participants）：who received regular positive feedback（定期获得积极反馈的）； 逻辑重组：先理解主语从句的 “话题”，再看表语从句的 “内容”，最后通过定语从句明确 “参与者” 特征，整体句意清晰连贯。 【举例2】 While digital devices have greatly improved communication efficiency, over-reliance on them may lead to a decline in face-to-face interaction skills, and this is becoming a growing concern among educators. 【分析】 信号词定位：“While”（让步状语从句信号词）、“and”（并列句连接词）； 层次划分： 让步状语从句：While digital devices... efficiency（尽管电子设备极大提高了沟通效率），表转折逻辑； 并列主句 1：over-reliance on them may lead to a decline（过度依赖可能导致下降）； 并列主句 2：this is becoming a growing concern（这正成为担忧）； 逻辑重组：通过 “While” 明确 “让步 - 转折” 关系，通过 “and” 明确两个主句的顺承关系，避免将从句与主句混淆。 （三）处理特殊句式：还原语序，简化理解 倒装、强调、虚拟等特殊句式通过改变正常语序增强表达效果，解题核心是 “还原为陈述句语序”，再按常规方法拆解。 1. 倒装句：找准标志，还原主谓 高频标志：“Only + 状语” 置于句首、“Not only” 置于句首、否定副词（Never/Nowhere）置于句首、虚拟语气省略 if（Had/Were/Should 提前）。 【举例1】 Had it not been for the timely financial support from the local community, the small theater would have been forced to close down. 【分析】 识别标志：“Had it not been for” 为 “if it had not been for” 的倒装结构（虚拟语气省略 if）； 还原语序：If it had not been for the timely financial support from the local community, the small theater would have been forced to close down； 主干提炼：The small theater would have been forced to close down（这家小剧院早就被迫关闭了）； 逻辑补充：还原后的条件状语从句明确 “关闭” 的假设前提，理解难度大幅降低。 【举例2】 Not only does the book provide historical facts, but it also challenges readers to rethink their understanding of cultural identity. 【分析】 识别标志：“Not only” 置于句首，主句倒装（助动词 does 提前）； 还原语序：The book not only provides historical facts, but it also challenges readers to rethink their understanding of cultural identity； 主干提炼：The book provides historical facts and challenges readers（这本书提供历史事实并促使读者思考）。 2. 强调句：去掉框架，回归主干 高频标志：“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分”，去掉标志词后句子仍完整。 【举例】 It was through persistent efforts and teamwork that the research team managed to decode the genetic sequence of the rare plant. 【分析】 识别标志：“It was... that” 强调框架，被强调部分为 “through persistent efforts and teamwork”（方式状语）； 还原语序：The research team managed to decode the genetic sequence of the rare plant through persistent efforts and teamwork； 主干提炼：The research team managed to decode the genetic sequence（研究团队成功破译了基因序列）。去掉强调框架后，句子主干清晰，被强调的 “方式状语” 可作为细节补充理解。 （四）插入语处理：跳读分隔，聚焦主干 插入语是插入句子中间、补充说明背景 / 态度 / 解释的成分，常以 “逗号”“破折号”“括号” 为标志，不影响主干结构。解题时可先 “跳读” 插入语，锁定主干后再回头理解补充信息，避免被分隔成分干扰逻辑。 ▲高频插入语类型 短语类：however, in fact, for example, on the contrary（表转折 / 举例 / 对比）； 从句类：I believe, we think, they argue（表观点）； 名词短语类：a famous scientist, the capital of France（补充身份 / 属性）。 【举例】 The new policy, which many experts believe will promote sustainable development, is expected to be implemented next year. 【分析】 识别插入语：“which many experts believe will promote sustainable development” 为非限制性定语从句作插入语，前后用逗号分隔； 跳读插入语，找主干：排除插入语后，句子简化为 “The new policy is expected to be implemented next year”，主干清晰（新政策预计明年实施）； 补充插入语：该从句解释 “新政策的作用”（许多专家认为能促进可持续发展），不影响主干理解，可后续补充。 【举例2】 Online learning, contrary to what some people think, does not necessarily reduce the quality of education. 【分析】 识别插入语：“contrary to what some people think” 为介词短语作插入语，表对比； 跳读插入语，找主干：Online learning does not necessarily reduce the quality of education（在线学习未必会降低教育质量）； 补充插入语：插入语说明 “与部分人观点相反”，明确句子立场，不改变主干逻辑。 （五）综合复杂句拆解：多法结合，分步突破 高考真题中多数长难句是 “从句 + 非谓语 + 插入语” 的综合组合，需同时运用 “找主干”“辨信号词”“处理特殊结构” 三种方法，按 “先主干→再分层→最后整合” 的步骤拆解。 【举例1】 When we talk about environmental protection, we often forget that the small actions we take every day, such as turning off lights when leaving a room, can make a big difference to the planet. 【步骤】 第一步：找主干，排除外层状语 外层 “when we talk about environmental protection” 为时间状语从句，先剥离； 剩余部分：“we often forget that the small actions... can make a big difference to the planet”，主干为 “we often forget that...”（我们常忘记……）。 第二步：辨信号词，拆分内层从句 信号词 “that” 引导宾语从句（作 forget 的宾语）：that the small actions... can make a big difference； 信号词 “we take every day” 为省略 that 的定语从句（修饰 small actions），“such as turning off lights...” 为插入语（举例说明 small actions）。 第三步：整合逻辑 外层状语：谈论环保时； 主干：我们常忘记一件事； 内层宾语从句：日常小行动（如离开房间关灯）能对地球产生大影响； 完整句意：谈论环保时，我们常忘记，像离开房间关灯这样的日常小行动，其实能对地球产生大影响。 【举例2】 Only by understanding the historical background of the event, which has been discussed in many academic papers, can we truly grasp the meaning behind the decisions made by the leaders at that time. 【步骤】 第一步：处理特殊句式（倒装） 标志词 “Only by...” 置于句首，句子倒装，还原语序：We can truly grasp the meaning behind the decisions made by the leaders at that time only by understanding the historical background of the event...； 第二步：找主干，排除修饰 还原后主干：We can truly grasp the meaning（我们能真正理解含义）； 修饰成分：“behind the decisions made by the leaders at that time”（介词短语 + 过去分词作定语，修饰 meaning）、“by understanding the historical background of the event”（方式状语，说明 “理解” 的途径）。 第三步：处理插入语 插入语 “which has been discussed in many academic papers” 为非限制性定语从句（修饰 historical background），补充 “该历史背景已在多篇学术论文中讨论过”； 整合逻辑：只有理解（已在多篇学术论文中讨论过的）事件历史背景，我们才能真正理解当时领导人所做决策背后的含义。 （六）虚拟语气拆解：明确假设，还原真实语义 虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反的假设、愿望或建议，常通过特殊的谓语动词形式（如过去式、had done、would do 等）体现。拆解时需先判断虚拟语气的类型（对现在、过去、将来的虚拟），明确假设的时间背景，再还原其背后的真实语义，避免误解句子核心意图。虚拟语气类型及标志： 虚拟类型 时间背景 主句谓语形式 从句谓语形式 对现在虚拟 与当前事实相反 would/could/might + do 过去式（be 动词用 were） 对过去虚拟 与过去事实相反 would/could/might + have done had + done 对将来虚拟 对未来的假设（可能性小） would/could/might + do 过去式 /should + do /were to + do 【举例1】 If I had known about the traffic jam in advance, I would not have missed the important meeting this morning. 【分析】： 判断虚拟类型：从句谓语 “had known”（had + done），主句谓语 “would not have missed”（would + have done），可确定为 “对过去虚拟”； 明确假设与事实：假设 “提前知道堵车”，而真实情况是 “并未提前知道”；主句假设 “没错过会议”，真实情况是 “已经错过会议”； 主干提炼：I would not have missed the important meeting（我本不会错过这场重要会议）； 补充逻辑：通过虚拟语气强调 “因未提前知晓堵车而错过会议” 的遗憾，理解时需结合真实语义，避免按字面意思误判。 【举例2】 It is high time that we took effective measures to protect the endangered species before they disappear forever. 【分析】 判断虚拟类型：“It is high time that...” 为固定虚拟句式，从句谓语需用 “过去式”，表示 “对现在 / 将来的建议”，暗含 “该做却未做” 的含义； 明确语义：字面意为 “我们该采取有效措施保护濒危物种”，深层语义是 “目前尚未采取足够措施，急需行动”； 主干提炼：We took effective measures to protect the endangered species（我们采取有效措施保护濒危物种）；此处 “took” 非过去时，而是虚拟语气标志，不可按常规时态理解为 “过去采取措施”。 不同文体长难句特点及拆解侧重 高考英语阅读理解包含记叙文、议论文、说明文、新闻报道等不同文体，其长难句的结构和功能各有特点，拆解时需针对性调整策略，提高效率。 （一）记叙文：侧重 “事件逻辑”，抓时间 / 动作主线 【句式特点】 常通过 “时间状语从句（when/while/before）”“并列谓语”“非谓语作伴随状语（doing/done）” 串联事件，修饰成分多为细节描写（如人物外貌、环境场景），主干多为 “主语 + 多个连续动作谓语”。 【拆解侧重】 先锁定 “人物” 和 “核心动作”，剥离环境、外貌等补充描写，按时间顺序梳理事件发展。例如： As the sun was setting behind the mountains, the old fisherman, who had been sailing on the sea for nearly ten hours, pulled his net out of the water and found a small golden fish in it. 【拆解思路】 抓人物与动作：人物 “the old fisherman”，核心动作 “pulled... and found...”（拉网、发现鱼）； 剥离修饰：时间状语 “As the sun was setting...”（环境描写）、定语从句 “who had been sailing...”（补充渔民航行时长）； 梳理事件：傍晚时分，航行了近 10 小时的老渔民拉网，在网中发现一条小金鱼。 （二）议论文：侧重 “观点逻辑”，抓论点 / 论据关系 【句式特点】 大量使用 “宾语从句（that/what 引导，表观点）”“让步状语从句（though/while 引导，表转折）”“原因状语从句（because/since 引导，表理由）”，常通过 “however/therefore” 等逻辑词连接论点与论据，主干多为 “作者观点（主句）+ 论据（从句 / 插入语）”。 【拆解侧重】 先找 “论点句”（常位于段首 / 段尾），再通过逻辑词区分 “论据（支撑观点）” 和 “转折（补充观点）”，避免被论据中的细节干扰论点判断。例如： While some people argue that online shopping is more convenient and cost-effective, others hold the view that it lacks the real shopping experience, which is essential for many consumers who enjoy touching and trying products before buying. 【拆解思路】 找论点：通过 “While... others...” 明确两种对立观点 ——“部分人认为网购便捷省钱”“另一部分人认为网购缺乏真实购物体验”； 析论据：定语从句 “which is essential... buying” 解释 “真实购物体验重要的原因”（消费者喜欢购买前触摸、试用商品）； 理逻辑：让步关系引出两种观点，论据补充第二种观点的合理性，核心是呈现 “网购利弊的争议”。 （三）说明文：侧重 “说明对象”，抓 “特征 / 方法” 主干 【句式特点】 多含 “定语从句（修饰说明对象特征）”“被动语态（强调客观事实）”“介词短语作定语（of/with/about，说明属性）”，主干常为 “说明对象 + 特征 / 功能 / 方法（be+adj. /can do /be done）”。 【拆解侧重】 先定位 “说明对象”（通常是段落反复出现的名词），再找描述其 “特征、功能、原理” 的主干成分，忽略次要的举例、数据等补充说明。例如： The intelligent robot developed by this company, which can recognize human emotions through facial expressions and voice tones, is widely used in hospitals to help doctors communicate better with patients who have difficulty expressing themselves. 【拆解思路】 定对象：说明对象为 “The intelligent robot”（智能机器人）； 找主干：The intelligent robot is widely used in hospitals（这款智能机器人在医院被广泛使用）； 补特征：定语从句 “which can recognize... tones” 说明机器人特征（能通过面部表情和语调识别人类情绪）；介词短语 “to help... patients” 说明用途（帮助医生与表达困难的患者沟通）。 长难句理解中常见错误分析 在长难句拆解中，高三学生易因细节疏忽导致理解偏差，需重点规避以下三类错误： （一）混淆 “非谓语” 与 “谓语” 【错误表现】误将 doing/done/to do 当作句子主干谓语，导致主干定位错误。 【规避技巧】谓语动词需体现 “时态、语态、人称” 变化（如 is doing/was done/has finished），非谓语无此变化。 例：The girl sitting by the window reading a novel is my deskmate. 错误：将 “sitting/reading” 当作谓语； 正确：主干谓语为 “is”，“sitting/reading” 为非谓语作定语，主干为 “The girl is my deskmate”。 （二）误判 “从句归属” 【错误表现】将修饰某个名词的定语从句，误认为修饰整个句子的状语从句。 【规避技巧】定语从句前必有被修饰的 “先行词”（名词 / 代词），状语从句无先行词，常表逻辑关系（原因 / 时间 / 条件）。 例：I will never forget the day when we first met. 错误：认为 “when” 引导时间状语从句； 正确：“when” 引导定语从句，先行词为 “the day”（修饰 “日子”）。 （三）忽略 “并列结构” 对称性 【错误表现】未识别 “and/or/but” 连接的并列成分（如并列谓语、并列从句），导致漏读信息。 【规避技巧】找到并列连词后，前后成分需 “结构对称”（如都是动词原形、都是从句）。 例：She not only likes playing the piano but also enjoys painting. 结构对称：“likes playing” 与 “enjoys painting” 为并列谓语，均作 “she” 的动作； 主干：She likes playing the piano and enjoys painting。 押题演练 1 Scientists in Australia have used Artificial Intelligence (AI) to help them locate a rare bird called the Plains-wanderer. This new information will help scientists protect the birds, which are endangered. The Plains-wanderer is a small bird that lives in Australia’s grasslands. Not just any grasslands. Plains-wanderers are picky. There can’t be too much grass or too little. Zoos Victoria, the group behind the recent effort to locate Plains-wanderers, says the birds’ number has fallen by over 85% in recent decades as grasslands have been turned into farms and cities. Scientists believe there are now only 250 to 1,000 of the birds left in the wild. Scientists have put the species into a “family” all by itself, since there are no other similar birds. The female Plains-wanderers are larger, and are in charge of protecting the territory while the male birds are smaller and take care of the eggs. To protect these rare birds, scientists first had to learn where they were, so Zoos Victoria worked with Queensland University of Technology on a plan to locate the birds. Since Plains-wanderers were hard to spot, the team chose to “listen” for the birds instead. Female Plains-wanderers make an unusual “Ooom” call, and this is the key to locate them. The researchers set up 35 special recording devices called “song meters” in nine different grassy areas where Plains-wanderers could possibly have been. Song meters recorded all the sounds made in an area over a long period of time. The song meters collected tens of thousands of hours of recordings——far more than humans could analyze. So the researchers fed the recordings to an AI system trained to identify the calls of Plains-wanderers. The AI system discovered Plains-wanderer calls coming from two of the sites. The scientists double-checked and found that the AI system was correct. Chris Hartnett, who worked with Zoos Victoria, said it was like “finding gold”. The new information will help scientists protect the birds. And the researchers are still “listening”— using song meters and AI to try to locate more of these Goldilocks birds. 1．What is the primary cause for the Plains-wanderers’ population decline? A．Habitat loss. B．Climate change. C．Increased enemies. D．Lack of food sources. 2．What can we know about Plains-wanderers from paragraph 2? A．Their physical characteristics are unique. B．They are the only birds that live in grasslands. C．They belong to a family with no close relatives. D．The female are more responsible than the male. 3．What does the underlined sentence imply in paragraph 4? A．The discovery is valuable. B．The birds prefer the grassland. C．The birds are as expensive as gold. D．The protection of the birds is vital. 4．Why is AI essential in this research? A．It predicts the future population trends. B．It replaces the need for human scientists. C．It processes amounts of sound data efficiently. D．It makes bird calls to attract Plains-wanderers. 2 It’s eight o’clock on Christmas morning, and dad says he wants to listen to the news. My 11-year-old self is wondering why on Earth grown-ups would be interested in the news when there are important things to be done, such as handing out presents. And then, while I am only half-listening to the radio broadcast, something unusual happens: the boring newsreader begins talking about a Christmas message. Hadn’t we heard that report earlier? My older brother, Colin, figures out what’s happening. “Pete, Pete, it’s a tape recorder! We’ve got our tape recorder!” It finally dawns on me: my dad recorded the news and is playing it back now. I think it’s quite rare to experience real excitement over a present, but for me this was one of those rare moments. Colin and I had both been blind from birth. Now, in the late 1950s, exciting consumer goods were coming within reach of the not-so rich. At the special boarding school that Colin and I attended, a recorder of your own was the height of joy. However, Colin—better informed and more realistic about family finances than I was—had no real expectations of getting one. I realised, much later, that a tape recorder would have cost more than four times dad’s weekly wage. The new toy, the size of a small suitcase, dominated the rest of the Christmas holidays. Once we had mastered the controls, we recorded anything and everything: each other, our parents, the milkman, the dog... and we very quickly learned how much fun we could have with it. For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people. It was both exciting and embarrassing. I took my first steps down the path to my career as a broadcaster when I returned to school after the holidays. I was lucky to be in a class of imaginative and creative boys crazy for recorders, and it wasn’t long before we started to make our own radio programmes. I would wander round the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio. Ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early involvement in sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist. Twenty-five years later, I presented my first report for BBC TV’s Six O’Clock News, a programme my dad had never missed. Although by then he’d been dead for more than a decade, I like to think he’d have realised that his inspiring Christmas present had changed my life. 1．Why did dad want to listen to the news on Christmas morning? A．He expected to give the boys a surprise. B．He was postponing handing out his presents. C．He had always enjoyed listening to the news. D．He missed the Christmas news the day before. 2．By the first sentence of paragraph 4, the “experience real excitement over a present” means that _____. A．he didn’t know before what a recorder was B．he got the tape recorder he had been dying for C．the recorder was the first present he got from dad D．the recorder was an exceptionally meaningful gift 3．What did the recorder enable the boys to do when they started to use it? A．Make their own radio programmes. B．Discover more about themselves. C．Pursue a career in broadcasting. D．Hear each other more clearly. 4．According to the passage, how did the tape recorder change the author’s life? A．It boosted the author’s confidence in communicating with people. B．It helped the author develop a closer relationship with his family. C．It made the author more interested in listening to news reports. D．It sparked the author’s passion for sound and broadcasting. 3 Wikipedia (维基百科), one of the last remaining pillars of the open and free web, is in existential crisis. The trend towards rationality (理性) was endangered long before the birth of the World Wide Web. As Neil Postman noted in his 1985 book Amusing Ourselves to Death, the rise of television introduced not just a new medium but a new atmosphere: a gradual shift from a typographic (印刷的) culture to a photographic one, which in turn meant a shift from rationality to emotions, opinions to entertainment. In an image-centered and pleasure-driven world, Postman noted, there is no place for thinking, because you simply cannot think with images. It is text that enables us to “uncover lies and confusions, and to detect abuses of logic and common sense. It also means to weigh ideas, to compare and contrast statements, to connect one generalization to another.” The dominance of television was not contained to our living rooms. It overturned all of those habits of mind, fundamentally changing our experience of the world, affecting politics, religion, business, and culture. It reduced many aspects of modern life to entertainment and commerce. “Americans don’t talk to each other; we entertain each other,” Postman wrote. “They don’t exchange ideas; they exchange images. They do not argue with propositions; they argue with good looks, celebrities and commercials.” At first, the web seemed to push against this trend. When it emerged towards the late 1980s as a purely text-based medium, it was seen as a tool to pursue knowledge, not pleasure. Reason and thought were most valued in this garden. Universities were among the first to connect to this new medium, hosting discussion groups, informative blogs, electronic magazines, and academic forums. It was an intellectual project, not about commerce or control, created in a scientific research center in Switzerland. Wikipedia was a fruit of this garden. So was Google search and its text-based advertising model. And so were blogs, which valued text, hyperlinks, knowledge, and literature. And for more than a decade, the web created an alternative space that threatened television’s power over society. Social networks, though, have since colonized the web for television’s values. From Facebook to Instagram, the medium refocuses our attention on videos and images, rewarding emotional appeals — “like” buttons over rational ones. Instead of searching for knowledge, it engages us in an endless passion for instant approval from an audience, for which we are constantly but unconsciously performing. It reduces our curiosity by showing us exactly what we already want and think, based on our profiles and preferences. The Enlightenment’s motto (座右铭) of “Dare to know” has become “Dare not to care to know.” Now the challenge is to save Wikipedia and its promise of a free and open collection of all human knowledge among the conquest of social media - how to collect and preserve knowledge when nobody cares to know. We need to understand that the decline of the web and thereby of the Wikipedia is part of a much larger civilization shift which has just started to unfold. 1．According to Neil Postman, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Television started a revolution in photographic technology. B．Texts help people think critically to make judgments. C．Images give people more chances to communicate deeper. D．The web was meant to serve as an entertainment platform. 2．The underlined word “propositions” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．experiences B．appearances C．opinions D．consequences 3．What can we infer about the influence of social media from the underlined sentence? A．We are constantly distracted and can’t focus for long. B．We are well kept updated with the latest information. C．We have become more curious about the outside world. D．We have become uninterested in intellectual pursuits. 4．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．The Decline of Television B．The Power of Social Media C．Why We Amuse Ourselves to Death D．How Social Media Endangers Knowledge 4 That moment still flashes before me: spilling coffee across my supervisor’s white notes during a critical meeting. The heat in my face, the apologies — an embarrassing memory etched painfully deep. We all have these awkward snapshots. But what if this vivid recall holds an unexpected key to a sharper mind? Neuroscience shows enhancing our memory systems does far more than store facts. A dedicated research team has developed sophisticated methods to amplify the brain’s memory. Their findings reveal surprising benefits touching nearly every aspect of cognition and emotion. Forget struggling for hours. Participants using these techniques experienced accelerated mastery of complex skills. Learning complex software or conversational fluency in a new language became faster and more intuitive (直觉的). Information stuck with less effort, transforming study into genuine understanding. The brain wove new knowledge seamlessly into its fabric. More profoundly, strengthening memory proved therapeutic (治疗的). It wasn’t erasing the coffee-spill disaster. Instead, the enhanced capacity allowed individuals to reframe painful recollections. Accessing the fuller context, perhaps a kindness afterward, or realizing it wasn’t catastrophic, significantly decrease the emotional sting. Past has lost power, fostering greater emotional balance. It is not exaggerating that the impact has already extended into social fluency. Remembering subtle details about colleagues, nuances (细微差别) of conversations, or names with greater accuracy mattered deeply. This heightened recall built smoother interactions, deeper empathy, and stronger bonds. It became less about memorisation and more about true connection. So, while I still blush recalling that moment, the science offers hope. Enhancing memory capacity reshapes how we learn, heal from emotional bruises, and navigate the social world. That awkward memory might be the pathway to a more adaptable, emotionally intelligent, and capable self. Our past stumbles, remembered better, become stepping stones forward. 1．What impact did memory enhancement techniques have on participants’ learning process? A．They reduced study time but required increased repetition for knowledge retention. B．They accelerated mastery of complex skills, making learning much easier afterwards. C．They removed the need for traditional methods by relying on subconscious absorption. D．They were effective for academic subjects, but this averted in practical daily skills. 2．What is the core therapeutic benefit? A．Altering factual accuracy. B．Suppressing negative emotions. C．Accelerating memory decay. D．Expanding contextual recall. 3．What best describes the passage’s structure? A．Problem-solution-conclusion. B．Contrast-argument-prediction. C．Definition-examples-summary. D．Story-research-reflection. 4．What does the underline sentence indicate? A．Forgetting failures enables progress. B．Memory enhancement erases pain. C．Improved memory promotes growth. D．Recalling the past is worthless. 5 After we lost Indigo, I got a call from the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit. One of their customers was dying, and her dog, Chloe, needed a home. Given our recent loss, they asked, might our family be interested in adopting her? They had to be kidding. After Indigo, we would never get another dog. Ever. It had just been a few years earlier, it seemed, that Indigo — a black Lab — had first burst through our door. Her shiny black fur caught the light, and her energy never seemed to run out. However, she had a nose for trouble. On one occasion, I came home to find that she’d eaten a five-pound bag of flour. She was covered in white powder, and flour paw prints were everywhere. I asked the dog what on earth had happened, and Indy just looked at me with a glance that said I couldn’t imagine what you were referring to. Time raced by. Our children grew up and went off to college. The mirror, which had reflected a young mom when Indigo first arrived, now showed a woman in late middle age. I had eye surgery. I began to lose my hearing. We all turned gray: me, my husband, the dog. In August 2017, I took Indigo for one last walk. She was slow and unsteady on her paws. She looked up at me mournfully. You did say you’d take care of me when the time came, she said. You promised, Jenny. She died that month, a tennis ball by her side. I told the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit we were sorry, but we wouldn’t be adopting any more dogs. Then one morning, as I was passing the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit in my car, I pulled over. I could at least lay eyes upon this Chloe. What harm could it do? But she had such a soft face. When Chloe entered our house, she was cautious, uncertain. She spent hours that first day going to every corner, sniffing things out. Finally she sat down by the fireplace, where Indigo used to belong, and gave me a look. If you wanted, she said, I would stay with you. 1．Why did the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit contact the writer? A．They wanted to sell a dog. B．They were sharing sad news. C．They were anxious about Indigo’s conditions. D．They were looking for a new home for a dog. 2．Which words best describe Indigo? A．Loyal but violent. B．Playful and naughty. C．Curious and cautious. D．Uncertain but well-behaved. 3．What does the underlined sentence imply? A．Visiting Chloe was a harmless curiosity. B．Visiting Chloe could definitely change her decision. C．The writer was making her regular visit to the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit. D．The writer was worrying about the request of the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Life with a Naughty Dog B．The Pain of Losing Indigo C．Saying Goodbye to Indigo D．The Importance of Pets in Our Lives 6 There’s a Native American proverb that says, “The one who tells the story rules the world.” Stories have the potential to be incredibly powerful. They’re able to change how we relate to each other, to change prejudice, so the potential for stories to persuade is staggering. I read this really, really good research paper about these two books which basically suggested, that if you get people to read a couple of chapters of Harry Potter, they’ll rate themselves higher than other people in their capacity to potentially move something, just using the power of their mind. The people who read about the vampires, they’ll actually believe that their teeth are slightly longer than other people in the population, just as a result of having read a chapter or two of this book. In terms of psychology, there’s a few things that stories actually do to us. We start to almost feel as if the things that are happening to them, are happening to us. Reading is not a relaxation, you are building worlds, you are housing those worlds with cities, and those cities you are populating with people. So although television, film, theatre all have their place in the storytelling world, to me that moment of contact with a book, when you read a story and unlock its secrets ... nothing quite comes close. Our research has been on the interpretation of individual words, if you read the word “jump” for example, you activate those areas that you also activate when you do actually perform the action of jumping, so it would be about here somewhere. The interesting question in this case of course is, I mean if you read about somebody else jumping, why should you activate brain areas related to jumping? The proponents of the theory would say that immersing yourself into a story is based on the mirror neuron system. I am convinced that mirror neurons are part of this process, but it can’ t be the whole story. It’s been found that, when we connect with people who aren’ t real but are fictional characters, it forms a sort of social surrogate for us — it ’s almost like they’re a real person when they’re not. And psychologists sometimes call it forming a parasitical relationship. And what’s interesting about that is it kind of makes us feel less lonely and it can also buffer self-esteem and improve our mood. We know that having a lot of friendships with other people when you’re in a couple is a really positive thing for the outcomes of that relationship. But what is really interesting is they don’t have to be real people. 1．What can we know from the first 3 paragraphs? A．The whole world is in the possession of the ones who tell stories. B．Reading is a process of relaxing rather than building connections with inside people. C．After reading some certain stories, we may have the feeling being like the characters. D．Books have stronger power than films and televisions in the storytelling world. 2．According to the passage, what’s the meaning of the underlined sentence? A．They can boost us in our capability that someone else may not have. B．They can immerse us in the world which we are reading about. C．We can enjoy the accompany with the lots of friends whether they are real or fictional. D．We can gain a deeper insight into the meanings of a unfamiliar word. 3．Which world can replace the underlined world “parasitical ”? A．fictional B．dependant C．desperate D．subsequent 4．What does the article mainly talk about? A．How do stories affect our mindset? B．Whether to read stories or not? C．Should we put up with stories? D．How can we gain a parasitical friendship? 7 Go to any movie theater or sports venue, and it’s obvious there’s an invisible bond that forms from laughing, crying, and simply feeling while brushing shoulders with others. Researches have long backed up this sense of connection, but some aspects of the phenomenon remained unclear. Now, a new study is offering insight. Writing in the journal Royal Society Open Science, Victor Chung of the École Normale Supérieure in France and his team reported how they examined the matter by inviting strangers to watch videos together in same sex pairs. Pairs of strangers watched three types of videos together: positive, negative, and neutral with a curtain between them that was either open or closed. At the start of the experiment the researchers asked each participant whether they’d like to meet the other member of their pair again. After watching each video, participants reported their emotions and feelings of connectedness, and after seeing all three videos they were asked once again about their feelings towards the other participant. The results showed the emotional films generated stronger responses than the neutral film. Crucially, the team said participants’ feelings of connectedness within the pairs was boosted when they experienced more intense emotions. However, this was only the case when participants watched the films with the curtain between them open. The researchers said that whether or not the pairs could see each other had no impact on how positively or negatively they felt about the films. “We found that silently watching emotional films together with another individual is associated with social bonding, even when this person is a stranger and without any verbal communication,” said Chung, the study author. The team added that the findings may help explain why people seek out group activities that generate strong emotions, “even participating in sad memorials that cause negative emotions.” In other words, because emotion bonds us, and humans have a fundamental desire to belong, we’re up for experiences one might think we’d naturally want to avoid. 1．What can we learn about the research method of Victor Chung’s team?​ A．They invited pairs of strangers of different genders to watch videos.​ B．Participants watched the videos without any physical barriers between them.​ C．Participants were asked about their feelings only once during the experiment.​ D．They compared participants’ responses to three types of videos with different emotional tones.​ 2．According to the study, which of the following factors most affects the sense of connectedness between participants?​ A．The type of the video they watched.​ B．Whether they could see each other during watching.​ C．The intensity of emotions the video aroused.​ D．The order in which they watched the videos.​ 3．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence “this was only the case when participants watched the films with the curtain between them open” in Paragraph 4?​ A．Watching videos with the curtain closed had no effect on participants’ emotions.​ B．Visual contact was a necessary condition for the enhancement of connectedness.​ C．Participants felt more positive about the films when they could see each other.​ D．The presence of a curtain between participants influenced their emotional responses to the films.​ 4．What is the main idea of the passage?​ A．To introduce a new study on how group activities strengthen social bonds.​ B．To analyze the reasons why people prefer certain types of group activities.​ C．To explain the impact of different emotional experiences on social bonding.​ D．To prove that silent watching of emotional films promotes social connection. 8 Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution, which has occurred ever since men were organized into units larger than the family. In the past human race managed to survive it. Why should it not continue to survive even if wars go on occurring from time to time? Moreover, people like war, and will feel frustrated without it. And without war there will be no adequate opportunity for heroism or self-sacrifice. Modem technology has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted. There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology (意识形态) would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their followers believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them. The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bomb. 1．From the passage we can learn that war now is ______. A．as bad as in the past B．worse than in the past C．as necessary as in the past D．not so dangerous as in the past 2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Men, as well as war, will have to make the ultimate choice between the two. B．Modern technology has empowered man to choose whether to have war or not. C．At least 6,000 years later, man has finally decided to abandon war once and for all. D．People will eventually destroy themselves if they choose to go to war at modern times. 3．As for ideology, what does the author intend to tell us? A．Certain ideology is superior regarding its truthfulness. B．It is useless to adopt an ideology to prevent war. C．Not every ideology is not worth fighting for. D．It is wrong to follow any ideology. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．War or No War, That Is A Question B．Nuclear Weapons Bring the End of Human Race C．Towards a Future Without War: A Call for Global Arbitration D．From Ideology to Negotiation: A New Approach to International Conflicts 9 A friend and I were having lunch and I asked about her son who was getting professional help for some behavioral problems he was having. Our conversation went like this: “There’s a good change in his attitude. He’s staying out of trouble, but I’m just waiting for the other shoe to drop.” she said. “It’s hard to trust him yet. He is doing things that he’s never done before, which is great. But I still need to supervise him just in case.” I asked a couple of questions: “Have you told him how proud you are of how far he’s come? Have you thanked him for the things he’s now doing but never did in the past?” She said no. And because she’s a very bright woman she followed it up with: “I really need to say those things because I am proud of him and I am grateful for what he’s doing now. All I keep doing is looking at what he’s still doing wrong and getting on him about that. How’s he ever going to feel good about himself and continue to improve if I don’t acknowledge him for all his improvements and growth?” “If I keep waiting for the other shoe to drop, it will!” I just smiled and told her I loved her and that she’s a great mom. The conversation moved on to a new topic. It’s worth taking a look at your close relationships, especially with your kids and asking yourself: Do I spend too much time letting them know what they’re doing wrong? Do I ignore their efforts toward positive change? Do I still find ways to be unsatisfied with their behavior? If you answer yes to any of those questions, you’re now the one who needs to do some changing. Never forget that people love to be acknowledged — not just for the big things but the little things, too. Appreciation and love are the driving force that keeps them wanting to do well and do something nice for others. 1．The author’s friend ______. A．was already satisfied with her son’s behavior B．was particular about her son’s attitude C．was still worried about her son’s behavior D．already fully believed in her son 2．The attitude the friend holds towards the author’s advice is ______. A．favorable B．negative C．unconcerned D．doubtful 3．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A．If I keep waiting for kids to correct mistakes, they will. B．If I keep waiting for kids to change positively, they will. C．If I keep waiting for kids to wear the other shoe, they will. D．If I keep waiting for kids to make mistakes, they will. 4．The motivations for kids to keep behaving well are ______. A．direct rejection and scolding B．proper affection and admiration C．blind love and appreciation D．strict requirements and standards 5．The best title for the text is ______. A．A Dialogue Between Two Women B．Are You Proud of Your Child? C．Be Patient When You Are a Parent D．One Major Thing Most Parents Forget to Do 10 He Jiazheng, 22, a college student in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, said he used to buy only big brands (品牌) during middle school. Then he realized that a piece of clothing, regardless of whether it is from a well-known brand or not, may only be worn for one or two years. Besides, the quality of famed brands sometimes is not as good as that of ordinary ones. Now he spends no more than 100 yuan on each item of clothing. “As long as the clothes are suitable to wear, this is fine.” “I hope to realize maximum happiness through minimum spending. As luxury food and brand-name clothing cannot increase my happiness, why not satisfy myself by spending less for the same amount of happiness?” He said. Ma Yuan, 36, a college teacher in Shanxi province, began saving money a year ago. She wants to save money for advanced studies and her family expects to travel. She stopped buying well-known brands of make-up and using cheaper products instead. Ma also recycled empty boxes, cut back on dining out, and reduced the number of unnecessary purchases. “While buying may bring short happiness, I have discovered that living a more frugal (节俭的) lifestyle can lead to a sense of satisfaction,” she said. “I have many dreams that require financial support. By controlling and reducing my spending. I am able to bring those dreams closer to reality.” It’s a good idea to have a certain amount of money saved for better use in the future. 1．He Jiazheng thinks the quality of famed brands is ________ that of ordinary brands. A．better than B．sometimes not as good as C．worse than D．as good as 2．When buying clothes, what does He Jiazheng care about most now? A．Quality. B．Color. C．Style. D．Price. 3．What can we know about Ma Yuan? A．She used to buy well-known brands of make-up. B．She wants to save money for her children. C．She no longer dines out. D．She is a college student in Shanxi province. 4．What can we infer from the underlined sentence? A．Living a frugal life can bring Ma Yuan the shortest happiness. B．The less Ma Yuan buys, the unhappier she feels. C．Ma Yuan prefers sense of satisfaction to short happiness. D．Ma Yuan has never experienced a sense of satisfaction before. 5．What may be the best title for the passage? A．Ways of Making Money B．How to Shop Smartly C．Spending Less and Save More D．The Stories of Two Young People 11 When Strauss’s first wife passed away, it was a shock for him and their then-10-year-old daughter, Molly. Seeing her facing a challenge she really wasn’t prepared for, Strauss naturally turned to what he knows best: storytelling. “I had the idea that perhaps stories of great heroes and the way they met challenges and hardships in their lives could be inspirational to her,” Strauss says. The principal at his daughter’s elementary school had lost her own mother when she was nine and developed a close bond with Molly. Her school hosted the first plays, and the principal advised him to design the plays to fit in with the standard school curriculum, so that teachers could achieve their education goals along with Strauss’s objectives. Strauss calls his collection of plays the Spirit Series, “because it’s a celebration of the human spirit and because our job is to spirit students over a threshold (门槛) in a transformative way”. Unlike in regular theater plays, the Spirit Series plays leave room for the children to plug in their own dialogue, put themselves in the historic figures’ shoes and write essays about big questions posed by the historic figures in the plays, for instance: What do you want out of life when you grow up? Does popularity feed the soul? The Spirit Series has been hosted by more than 100 schools and 60,000 students in California. The results students and teachers report are striking: More than a quarter of students improve academically and in social and emotional skills. More than 90 percent of students report improved teamwork after participating, and nearly 82 percent of participating teachers said that the series enhances focus. Today, the Spirit Series has expanded into Spirit Corps, which provides video-assisted storytelling that Strauss is rolling out more widely this year, and Spirit Works, a coaching program for teachers, “because you can’t expect students to go where you can’t lead them,” Strauss says. “Transformative outcomes in classrooms begin with self-transformation.” 1．Why did Strauss create the Spirit Series? A．To express the love to his lost wife. B．To help his daughter tackle the sorrow. C．To offer standard curriculum to schools. D．To promote traditional theater education. 2．What makes the Spirit Series plays special? A．They record major historic events. B．They are a collection of students’ essays. C．They are written by a less-known writer. D．They allow children to add their own creation. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning the Spirit Series? A．Its positive impacts. B．Its high profitability. C．Its potential problems. D．Its great complexity. 4．What message does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph convey? A．Teachers should improve their teaching aims. B．Teachers should be a model for the students. C．Teachers should coach their students. D．Teachers should reform their teaching. 12 An early morning winter storm had brought several inches of snow in my small town in the mountains. Schools were canceled, roads were dangerous and all I wanted to do was to stay in bed. Still, I knew I had to get the day started so I put on warm clothes and walked outside. The snow got all over my shoes. The cold wind dried my lips and my eyes. My 47-year-old back ached in anticipation of the shoveling I would have to do if the snow didn’t stop soon. Yet, when I looked out on the white blanket that covered the ground, I couldn’t help but smile a bit. It was so beautiful. It softened the bare trees and hid the dead grass. In the distance I could hear the sound of the snowplow on the road, the barking of a happy dog and the laughter of children playing outside, enjoying their way off from school. The sweet music of that laughter brought back a hundred memories of winters past. I remembered catching snowflakes on my tongue, building snowmen, making snow angels, running down hills and always losing snowball fights with first my brothers and then my own children.  Standing there in that warm coat of memories made the wind a little less cold and my back a little less sore. I turned up my head, stuck out my tongue and for the first time in years caught a snowflake on it. It tasted so fresh and clean. It tasted like youth, like joy and like love. May you always feel young in spirit, no matter how old or achy your body may be. May you always delight in the simple joys of life. May you always share your happiness with the hearts of children. And may you always give your love, your light, your laughter and your warmth to others even on the coldest days. 1．How did the author react when he knew it snowed heavily? A．He was upset. B．He was happy. C．He was thankful. D．He was moved. 2．From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1, we can know that “________”. A．my back ached because of the cold weather. B．I had suffered from back pain for many years. C．my back would ache upon thinking of cleaning up the snow. D．the snow didn’t stop and I felt too cold. 3．From which senses did the author describe the joy of having snow? A．Taste and smell. B．Sight and smell. C．Smell, hearing and taste. D．Sight, hearing and taste. 4．What does the author mainly want to tell us with this article? A．We should brave any snowstorm in life. B．Snow brings both fun and trouble. C．Memories can change our opinion. D．We should stay young at heart. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02.长难句的分析突破 策略分析 长难句是高三英语阅读理解的核心障碍，其本质是 “主干 + 多层修饰” 的语法组合体，常通过嵌套从句、插入非谓语成分、调整语序等方式提升复杂度。逐词翻译易导致逻辑断裂，核心解题策略为 “先拆后合”：先剥离修饰成分锁定句子主干（主谓宾 / 主系表），再理清修饰成分与主干的逻辑关系，最终重组句意。这一策略可快速突破信息定位、选项判断等题型难点，是提升阅读速度与准确率的关键能力。 阅读语篇中不同的长难句的拆解策略 英语中常出现包含多个从句、插入语或倒装结构的长难句，若逐词翻译易造成逻辑混乱。核心策略是 “拆分句子结构”，抓住主干信息。 （一）找主干法：定位核心，剥离修饰 主干是句子的 “骨架”，由 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 / 表语” 构成；定语（修饰名词）、状语（修饰动词 / 句子）、插入语（补充说明）等为 “血肉”，可暂时剥离。具体步骤为：先找谓语动词（排除非谓语 doing/done/to do），再顺推主语、倒推宾语 / 表语。 【举例1】 The museum we visited last weekend, which houses a collection of ancient artifacts discovered in the Silk Road, offers visitors a glimpse into the cultural exchanges between East and West. 【分析】 找谓语：排除 “visited”（定语从句谓语）、“houses”（非限制性定语从句谓语），确定主干谓语为 “offers”； 定主语：谓语前的核心名词为 “The museum”； 寻宾语：谓语后 “visitors a glimpse” 为 “间接宾语 + 直接宾语”； 主干提炼：The museum offers visitors a glimpse（这家博物馆为游客提供了了解机会）。 修饰成分补充：“we visited last weekend”（省略 that 的定语从句，修饰 museum）、“which houses... Silk Road”（非限制性定语从句，补充博物馆藏品信息）、“into the cultural exchanges... West”（介词短语作后置定语，说明 “了解机会” 的内容）。先抓主干可快速明确句子核心功能，再看修饰可完善细节理解。 【举例2】 To ensure the accuracy of the experiment, all variables must be carefully controlled, leaving no room for unexpected errors. 【分析】 找谓语：排除 “To ensure”（目的状语，非谓语）、“leaving”（结果状语，非谓语），确定主干谓语为 “must be controlled”； 主干提炼：All variables must be carefully controlled（所有变量必须被严格控制）。 修饰成分补充：“To ensure... experiment”（目的状语，说明控制变量的原因）、“leaving... errors”（现在分词短语作结果状语，补充控制变量的效果）。 （二）识别从句信号词：划分层次，理清关系 从句需通过信号词（连接词）依附主句存在，不同信号词对应不同从句类型，明确信号词功能即可区分主次关系。高频信号词分类及功能如下： 从句类型 核心信号词 功能说明 定语从句 that/which/who/whose/when/where 修饰名词，表 “…… 的” 宾语从句 that/if/whether/what/how 作动词 / 介词的宾语，表 “动作对象” 主语从句 What/Whether/That（置于句首） 作句子主语，表 “核心话题” 状语从句 because/while/when/if/only if 表原因、让步、时间、条件等逻辑 【举例1】 What surprised the researchers most was that the participants who received regular positive feedback showed a 40% higher success rate in maintaining healthy habits. 【分析】 信号词定位：“What”（主语从句信号词）、“that”（表语从句信号词）、“who”（定语从句信号词）； 层次划分： 主语从句（主干主语）：What surprised the researchers most（最让研究人员惊讶的是）； 表语从句（主干表语）：that the participants... showed a 40% higher success rate（那些参与者…… 成功率高出 40%）； 定语从句（修饰 participants）：who received regular positive feedback（定期获得积极反馈的）； 逻辑重组：先理解主语从句的 “话题”，再看表语从句的 “内容”，最后通过定语从句明确 “参与者” 特征，整体句意清晰连贯。 【举例2】 While digital devices have greatly improved communication efficiency, over-reliance on them may lead to a decline in face-to-face interaction skills, and this is becoming a growing concern among educators. 【分析】 信号词定位：“While”（让步状语从句信号词）、“and”（并列句连接词）； 层次划分： 让步状语从句：While digital devices... efficiency（尽管电子设备极大提高了沟通效率），表转折逻辑； 并列主句 1：over-reliance on them may lead to a decline（过度依赖可能导致下降）； 并列主句 2：this is becoming a growing concern（这正成为担忧）； 逻辑重组：通过 “While” 明确 “让步 - 转折” 关系，通过 “and” 明确两个主句的顺承关系，避免将从句与主句混淆。 （三）处理特殊句式：还原语序，简化理解 倒装、强调、虚拟等特殊句式通过改变正常语序增强表达效果，解题核心是 “还原为陈述句语序”，再按常规方法拆解。 1. 倒装句：找准标志，还原主谓 高频标志：“Only + 状语” 置于句首、“Not only” 置于句首、否定副词（Never/Nowhere）置于句首、虚拟语气省略 if（Had/Were/Should 提前）。 【举例1】 Had it not been for the timely financial support from the local community, the small theater would have been forced to close down. 【分析】 识别标志：“Had it not been for” 为 “if it had not been for” 的倒装结构（虚拟语气省略 if）； 还原语序：If it had not been for the timely financial support from the local community, the small theater would have been forced to close down； 主干提炼：The small theater would have been forced to close down（这家小剧院早就被迫关闭了）； 逻辑补充：还原后的条件状语从句明确 “关闭” 的假设前提，理解难度大幅降低。 【举例2】 Not only does the book provide historical facts, but it also challenges readers to rethink their understanding of cultural identity. 【分析】 识别标志：“Not only” 置于句首，主句倒装（助动词 does 提前）； 还原语序：The book not only provides historical facts, but it also challenges readers to rethink their understanding of cultural identity； 主干提炼：The book provides historical facts and challenges readers（这本书提供历史事实并促使读者思考）。 2. 强调句：去掉框架，回归主干 高频标志：“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分”，去掉标志词后句子仍完整。 【举例】 It was through persistent efforts and teamwork that the research team managed to decode the genetic sequence of the rare plant. 【分析】 识别标志：“It was... that” 强调框架，被强调部分为 “through persistent efforts and teamwork”（方式状语）； 还原语序：The research team managed to decode the genetic sequence of the rare plant through persistent efforts and teamwork； 主干提炼：The research team managed to decode the genetic sequence（研究团队成功破译了基因序列）。去掉强调框架后，句子主干清晰，被强调的 “方式状语” 可作为细节补充理解。 （四）插入语处理：跳读分隔，聚焦主干 插入语是插入句子中间、补充说明背景 / 态度 / 解释的成分，常以 “逗号”“破折号”“括号” 为标志，不影响主干结构。解题时可先 “跳读” 插入语，锁定主干后再回头理解补充信息，避免被分隔成分干扰逻辑。 ▲高频插入语类型 短语类：however, in fact, for example, on the contrary（表转折 / 举例 / 对比）； 从句类：I believe, we think, they argue（表观点）； 名词短语类：a famous scientist, the capital of France（补充身份 / 属性）。 【举例】 The new policy, which many experts believe will promote sustainable development, is expected to be implemented next year. 【分析】 识别插入语：“which many experts believe will promote sustainable development” 为非限制性定语从句作插入语，前后用逗号分隔； 跳读插入语，找主干：排除插入语后，句子简化为 “The new policy is expected to be implemented next year”，主干清晰（新政策预计明年实施）； 补充插入语：该从句解释 “新政策的作用”（许多专家认为能促进可持续发展），不影响主干理解，可后续补充。 【举例2】 Online learning, contrary to what some people think, does not necessarily reduce the quality of education. 【分析】 识别插入语：“contrary to what some people think” 为介词短语作插入语，表对比； 跳读插入语，找主干：Online learning does not necessarily reduce the quality of education（在线学习未必会降低教育质量）； 补充插入语：插入语说明 “与部分人观点相反”，明确句子立场，不改变主干逻辑。 （五）综合复杂句拆解：多法结合，分步突破 高考真题中多数长难句是 “从句 + 非谓语 + 插入语” 的综合组合，需同时运用 “找主干”“辨信号词”“处理特殊结构” 三种方法，按 “先主干→再分层→最后整合” 的步骤拆解。 【举例1】 When we talk about environmental protection, we often forget that the small actions we take every day, such as turning off lights when leaving a room, can make a big difference to the planet. 【步骤】 第一步：找主干，排除外层状语 外层 “when we talk about environmental protection” 为时间状语从句，先剥离； 剩余部分：“we often forget that the small actions... can make a big difference to the planet”，主干为 “we often forget that...”（我们常忘记……）。 第二步：辨信号词，拆分内层从句 信号词 “that” 引导宾语从句（作 forget 的宾语）：that the small actions... can make a big difference； 信号词 “we take every day” 为省略 that 的定语从句（修饰 small actions），“such as turning off lights...” 为插入语（举例说明 small actions）。 第三步：整合逻辑 外层状语：谈论环保时； 主干：我们常忘记一件事； 内层宾语从句：日常小行动（如离开房间关灯）能对地球产生大影响； 完整句意：谈论环保时，我们常忘记，像离开房间关灯这样的日常小行动，其实能对地球产生大影响。 【举例2】 Only by understanding the historical background of the event, which has been discussed in many academic papers, can we truly grasp the meaning behind the decisions made by the leaders at that time. 【步骤】 第一步：处理特殊句式（倒装） 标志词 “Only by...” 置于句首，句子倒装，还原语序：We can truly grasp the meaning behind the decisions made by the leaders at that time only by understanding the historical background of the event...； 第二步：找主干，排除修饰 还原后主干：We can truly grasp the meaning（我们能真正理解含义）； 修饰成分：“behind the decisions made by the leaders at that time”（介词短语 + 过去分词作定语，修饰 meaning）、“by understanding the historical background of the event”（方式状语，说明 “理解” 的途径）。 第三步：处理插入语 插入语 “which has been discussed in many academic papers” 为非限制性定语从句（修饰 historical background），补充 “该历史背景已在多篇学术论文中讨论过”； 整合逻辑：只有理解（已在多篇学术论文中讨论过的）事件历史背景，我们才能真正理解当时领导人所做决策背后的含义。 （六）虚拟语气拆解：明确假设，还原真实语义 虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反的假设、愿望或建议，常通过特殊的谓语动词形式（如过去式、had done、would do 等）体现。拆解时需先判断虚拟语气的类型（对现在、过去、将来的虚拟），明确假设的时间背景，再还原其背后的真实语义，避免误解句子核心意图。虚拟语气类型及标志： 虚拟类型 时间背景 主句谓语形式 从句谓语形式 对现在虚拟 与当前事实相反 would/could/might + do 过去式（be 动词用 were） 对过去虚拟 与过去事实相反 would/could/might + have done had + done 对将来虚拟 对未来的假设（可能性小） would/could/might + do 过去式 /should + do /were to + do 【举例1】 If I had known about the traffic jam in advance, I would not have missed the important meeting this morning. 【分析】： 判断虚拟类型：从句谓语 “had known”（had + done），主句谓语 “would not have missed”（would + have done），可确定为 “对过去虚拟”； 明确假设与事实：假设 “提前知道堵车”，而真实情况是 “并未提前知道”；主句假设 “没错过会议”，真实情况是 “已经错过会议”； 主干提炼：I would not have missed the important meeting（我本不会错过这场重要会议）； 补充逻辑：通过虚拟语气强调 “因未提前知晓堵车而错过会议” 的遗憾，理解时需结合真实语义，避免按字面意思误判。 【举例2】 It is high time that we took effective measures to protect the endangered species before they disappear forever. 【分析】 判断虚拟类型：“It is high time that...” 为固定虚拟句式，从句谓语需用 “过去式”，表示 “对现在 / 将来的建议”，暗含 “该做却未做” 的含义； 明确语义：字面意为 “我们该采取有效措施保护濒危物种”，深层语义是 “目前尚未采取足够措施，急需行动”； 主干提炼：We took effective measures to protect the endangered species（我们采取有效措施保护濒危物种）；此处 “took” 非过去时，而是虚拟语气标志，不可按常规时态理解为 “过去采取措施”。 不同文体长难句特点及拆解侧重 高考英语阅读理解包含记叙文、议论文、说明文、新闻报道等不同文体，其长难句的结构和功能各有特点，拆解时需针对性调整策略，提高效率。 （一）记叙文：侧重 “事件逻辑”，抓时间 / 动作主线 【句式特点】 常通过 “时间状语从句（when/while/before）”“并列谓语”“非谓语作伴随状语（doing/done）” 串联事件，修饰成分多为细节描写（如人物外貌、环境场景），主干多为 “主语 + 多个连续动作谓语”。 【拆解侧重】 先锁定 “人物” 和 “核心动作”，剥离环境、外貌等补充描写，按时间顺序梳理事件发展。例如： As the sun was setting behind the mountains, the old fisherman, who had been sailing on the sea for nearly ten hours, pulled his net out of the water and found a small golden fish in it. 【拆解思路】 抓人物与动作：人物 “the old fisherman”，核心动作 “pulled... and found...”（拉网、发现鱼）； 剥离修饰：时间状语 “As the sun was setting...”（环境描写）、定语从句 “who had been sailing...”（补充渔民航行时长）； 梳理事件：傍晚时分，航行了近 10 小时的老渔民拉网，在网中发现一条小金鱼。 （二）议论文：侧重 “观点逻辑”，抓论点 / 论据关系 【句式特点】 大量使用 “宾语从句（that/what 引导，表观点）”“让步状语从句（though/while 引导，表转折）”“原因状语从句（because/since 引导，表理由）”，常通过 “however/therefore” 等逻辑词连接论点与论据，主干多为 “作者观点（主句）+ 论据（从句 / 插入语）”。 【拆解侧重】 先找 “论点句”（常位于段首 / 段尾），再通过逻辑词区分 “论据（支撑观点）” 和 “转折（补充观点）”，避免被论据中的细节干扰论点判断。例如： While some people argue that online shopping is more convenient and cost-effective, others hold the view that it lacks the real shopping experience, which is essential for many consumers who enjoy touching and trying products before buying. 【拆解思路】 找论点：通过 “While... others...” 明确两种对立观点 ——“部分人认为网购便捷省钱”“另一部分人认为网购缺乏真实购物体验”； 析论据：定语从句 “which is essential... buying” 解释 “真实购物体验重要的原因”（消费者喜欢购买前触摸、试用商品）； 理逻辑：让步关系引出两种观点，论据补充第二种观点的合理性，核心是呈现 “网购利弊的争议”。 （三）说明文：侧重 “说明对象”，抓 “特征 / 方法” 主干 【句式特点】 多含 “定语从句（修饰说明对象特征）”“被动语态（强调客观事实）”“介词短语作定语（of/with/about，说明属性）”，主干常为 “说明对象 + 特征 / 功能 / 方法（be+adj. /can do /be done）”。 【拆解侧重】 先定位 “说明对象”（通常是段落反复出现的名词），再找描述其 “特征、功能、原理” 的主干成分，忽略次要的举例、数据等补充说明。例如： The intelligent robot developed by this company, which can recognize human emotions through facial expressions and voice tones, is widely used in hospitals to help doctors communicate better with patients who have difficulty expressing themselves. 【拆解思路】 定对象：说明对象为 “The intelligent robot”（智能机器人）； 找主干：The intelligent robot is widely used in hospitals（这款智能机器人在医院被广泛使用）； 补特征：定语从句 “which can recognize... tones” 说明机器人特征（能通过面部表情和语调识别人类情绪）；介词短语 “to help... patients” 说明用途（帮助医生与表达困难的患者沟通）。 长难句理解中常见错误分析 在长难句拆解中，高三学生易因细节疏忽导致理解偏差，需重点规避以下三类错误： （一）混淆 “非谓语” 与 “谓语” 【错误表现】误将 doing/done/to do 当作句子主干谓语，导致主干定位错误。 【规避技巧】谓语动词需体现 “时态、语态、人称” 变化（如 is doing/was done/has finished），非谓语无此变化。 例：The girl sitting by the window reading a novel is my deskmate. 错误：将 “sitting/reading” 当作谓语； 正确：主干谓语为 “is”，“sitting/reading” 为非谓语作定语，主干为 “The girl is my deskmate”。 （二）误判 “从句归属” 【错误表现】将修饰某个名词的定语从句，误认为修饰整个句子的状语从句。 【规避技巧】定语从句前必有被修饰的 “先行词”（名词 / 代词），状语从句无先行词，常表逻辑关系（原因 / 时间 / 条件）。 例：I will never forget the day when we first met. 错误：认为 “when” 引导时间状语从句； 正确：“when” 引导定语从句，先行词为 “the day”（修饰 “日子”）。 （三）忽略 “并列结构” 对称性 【错误表现】未识别 “and/or/but” 连接的并列成分（如并列谓语、并列从句），导致漏读信息。 【规避技巧】找到并列连词后，前后成分需 “结构对称”（如都是动词原形、都是从句）。 例：She not only likes playing the piano but also enjoys painting. 结构对称：“likes playing” 与 “enjoys painting” 为并列谓语，均作 “she” 的动作； 主干：She likes playing the piano and enjoys painting。 押题演练 1 Scientists in Australia have used Artificial Intelligence (AI) to help them locate a rare bird called the Plains-wanderer. This new information will help scientists protect the birds, which are endangered. The Plains-wanderer is a small bird that lives in Australia’s grasslands. Not just any grasslands. Plains-wanderers are picky. There can’t be too much grass or too little. Zoos Victoria, the group behind the recent effort to locate Plains-wanderers, says the birds’ number has fallen by over 85% in recent decades as grasslands have been turned into farms and cities. Scientists believe there are now only 250 to 1,000 of the birds left in the wild. Scientists have put the species into a “family” all by itself, since there are no other similar birds. The female Plains-wanderers are larger, and are in charge of protecting the territory while the male birds are smaller and take care of the eggs. To protect these rare birds, scientists first had to learn where they were, so Zoos Victoria worked with Queensland University of Technology on a plan to locate the birds. Since Plains-wanderers were hard to spot, the team chose to “listen” for the birds instead. Female Plains-wanderers make an unusual “Ooom” call, and this is the key to locate them. The researchers set up 35 special recording devices called “song meters” in nine different grassy areas where Plains-wanderers could possibly have been. Song meters recorded all the sounds made in an area over a long period of time. The song meters collected tens of thousands of hours of recordings——far more than humans could analyze. So the researchers fed the recordings to an AI system trained to identify the calls of Plains-wanderers. The AI system discovered Plains-wanderer calls coming from two of the sites. The scientists double-checked and found that the AI system was correct. Chris Hartnett, who worked with Zoos Victoria, said it was like “finding gold”. The new information will help scientists protect the birds. And the researchers are still “listening”— using song meters and AI to try to locate more of these Goldilocks birds. 1．What is the primary cause for the Plains-wanderers’ population decline? A．Habitat loss. B．Climate change. C．Increased enemies. D．Lack of food sources. 2．What can we know about Plains-wanderers from paragraph 2? A．Their physical characteristics are unique. B．They are the only birds that live in grasslands. C．They belong to a family with no close relatives. D．The female are more responsible than the male. 3．What does the underlined sentence imply in paragraph 4? A．The discovery is valuable. B．The birds prefer the grassland. C．The birds are as expensive as gold. D．The protection of the birds is vital. 4．Why is AI essential in this research? A．It predicts the future population trends. B．It replaces the need for human scientists. C．It processes amounts of sound data efficiently. D．It makes bird calls to attract Plains-wanderers. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。澳大利亚科学家借助AI，通过记录叫声定位濒危的领鹑，新成果助力保护，研究仍在继续 。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Zoos Victoria, the group behind the recent effort to locate Plains-wanderers, says the birds’ number has fallen by over 85% in recent decades as grasslands have been turned into farms and cities.(维多利亚动物园，最近致力于寻找领鹑的组织，称在最近几十年里，随着草原被变成农场和城市，这种鸟的数量下降了超过 85%。)”可知，领鹑数量下降的主要原因是栖息地的丧失。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Scientists believe there are now only 250 to 1,000 of the birds left in the wild. Scientists have put the species into a ‘family’ all by itself, since there are no other similar birds.(科学家认为现在野外只剩下250到1000只这种鸟。科学家们把这个物种单独归为一个‘家族’，因为没有其他类似的鸟。)”可知，领鹑属于一个没有近亲的家族。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The researchers set up 35 special recording devices called ‘song meters’ in nine different grassy areas where Plains-wanderers could possibly have been.(研究人员在九个领鹑可能出现的不同草地上设置了35个被称为‘声音记录仪’的特殊记录设备。)”和“The AI system discovered Plains-wanderer calls coming from two of the sites. The scientists double-checked and found that the AI system was correct. Chris Hartnett, who worked with Zoos Victoria, said it was like ‘finding gold’.(人工智能系统发现了来自其中两个地点的领鹑的叫声。科学家们进行了复查，发现人工智能系统是正确的。与维多利亚动物园合作的克里斯・哈特尼特说，这就像‘发现了金子’。)”可知，通过人工智能系统发现了领鹑的叫声，这个发现很有价值，就像发现了金子一样。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Song meters recorded all the sounds made in an area over a long period of time. The song meters collected tens of thousands of hours of recordings—far more than humans could analyze. So the researchers fed the recordings to an AI system trained to identify the calls of Plains-wanderers.(声音记录仪长时间记录一个地区发出的所有声音。声音记录仪收集了数万小时的录音——远远超过人类能够分析的数量。所以研究人员将这些录音输入到一个经过训练来识别领鹑叫声的人工智能系统中。)”可知，人工智能在这项研究中必不可少是因为它能高效处理大量的声音数据。故选C。 2 It’s eight o’clock on Christmas morning, and dad says he wants to listen to the news. My 11-year-old self is wondering why on Earth grown-ups would be interested in the news when there are important things to be done, such as handing out presents. And then, while I am only half-listening to the radio broadcast, something unusual happens: the boring newsreader begins talking about a Christmas message. Hadn’t we heard that report earlier? My older brother, Colin, figures out what’s happening. “Pete, Pete, it’s a tape recorder! We’ve got our tape recorder!” It finally dawns on me: my dad recorded the news and is playing it back now. I think it’s quite rare to experience real excitement over a present, but for me this was one of those rare moments. Colin and I had both been blind from birth. Now, in the late 1950s, exciting consumer goods were coming within reach of the not-so rich. At the special boarding school that Colin and I attended, a recorder of your own was the height of joy. However, Colin—better informed and more realistic about family finances than I was—had no real expectations of getting one. I realised, much later, that a tape recorder would have cost more than four times dad’s weekly wage. The new toy, the size of a small suitcase, dominated the rest of the Christmas holidays. Once we had mastered the controls, we recorded anything and everything: each other, our parents, the milkman, the dog... and we very quickly learned how much fun we could have with it. For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people. It was both exciting and embarrassing. I took my first steps down the path to my career as a broadcaster when I returned to school after the holidays. I was lucky to be in a class of imaginative and creative boys crazy for recorders, and it wasn’t long before we started to make our own radio programmes. I would wander round the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio. Ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early involvement in sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist. Twenty-five years later, I presented my first report for BBC TV’s Six O’Clock News, a programme my dad had never missed. Although by then he’d been dead for more than a decade, I like to think he’d have realised that his inspiring Christmas present had changed my life. 1．Why did dad want to listen to the news on Christmas morning? A．He expected to give the boys a surprise. B．He was postponing handing out his presents. C．He had always enjoyed listening to the news. D．He missed the Christmas news the day before. 2．By the first sentence of paragraph 4, the “experience real excitement over a present” means that _____. A．he didn’t know before what a recorder was B．he got the tape recorder he had been dying for C．the recorder was the first present he got from dad D．the recorder was an exceptionally meaningful gift 3．What did the recorder enable the boys to do when they started to use it? A．Make their own radio programmes. B．Discover more about themselves. C．Pursue a career in broadcasting. D．Hear each other more clearly. 4．According to the passage, how did the tape recorder change the author’s life? A．It boosted the author’s confidence in communicating with people. B．It helped the author develop a closer relationship with his family. C．It made the author more interested in listening to news reports. D．It sparked the author’s passion for sound and broadcasting. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在圣诞节收到一台录音机作为礼物的故事，以及这台录音机如何激发了他对声音和广播的兴趣，最终改变了他的职业道路。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“My 11-year-old self is wondering why on Earth grown-ups would be interested in the news when there are important things to be done, such as handing out presents.(11岁的我在想，为什么成年人在有重要的事情要做的时候会对新闻感兴趣，比如发礼物。)”、第二段“My older brother, Colin, figures out what’s happening. “Pete, Pete, it’s a tape recorder! We’ve got our tape recorder!”(我哥哥科林知道发生了什么。“皮特，皮特，这是录音机！”我们有录音机！”)”、第三段的句子“It finally dawns on me: my dad recorded the news and is playing it back now.(我终于明白：父亲提前录好新闻并回放)” 以及第四段的句子“I think it’s quite rare to experience real excitement over a present, but for me this was one of those rare moments.(我觉得为一件礼物而感到真正的兴奋是非常罕见的，但对我来说，这是一个罕见的时刻。)”可知，父亲通过伪装成新闻播报，实际播放录音机功能演示，目的是制造惊喜。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据后文提到拥有一台自己的录音机是“the height of joy(极致快乐)”，且对盲人兄弟而言是“the sense of myself as a separate person(感知自我存在)”； 父亲花费“four times dad’s weekly wage(周薪四倍)”购买，体现其特殊价值。 礼物意义远超物质本身，说明这台录音机是一件特别有意义的礼物。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people.(第一次，就像一个有视力的孩子看到自己在镜子或照片中的反应一样，我意识到自己是一个独立的人，存在于我的头脑之外，被其他人所体验。)”可知，录音机使作者更多地了解了自己。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段“I took my first steps down the path to my career as a broadcaster when I returned to school after the holidays. I was lucky to be in a class of imaginative and creative boys crazy for recorders, and it wasn’t long before we started to make our own radio programmes. I would wander round the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio.(假期结束回到学校后，我迈出了播音员职业道路上的第一步。我很幸运，能和一群对录音机情有独钟、富有想象力和创造力的男孩在一起，没过多久，我们就开始制作自己的广播节目。我会拿着麦克风在学校里走来走去，用我在收音机里听到的声音的方式记录下我的想法。)”和最后一段的句子“Ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early involvement in sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist.(十年后，我凭借早期对声音的参与所获得的信心，走进了一家电台，希望把自己推销为一名广播记者。)”可知，录音机激发了作者对声音和广播的热情。故选D项。 3 Wikipedia (维基百科), one of the last remaining pillars of the open and free web, is in existential crisis. The trend towards rationality (理性) was endangered long before the birth of the World Wide Web. As Neil Postman noted in his 1985 book Amusing Ourselves to Death, the rise of television introduced not just a new medium but a new atmosphere: a gradual shift from a typographic (印刷的) culture to a photographic one, which in turn meant a shift from rationality to emotions, opinions to entertainment. In an image-centered and pleasure-driven world, Postman noted, there is no place for thinking, because you simply cannot think with images. It is text that enables us to “uncover lies and confusions, and to detect abuses of logic and common sense. It also means to weigh ideas, to compare and contrast statements, to connect one generalization to another.” The dominance of television was not contained to our living rooms. It overturned all of those habits of mind, fundamentally changing our experience of the world, affecting politics, religion, business, and culture. It reduced many aspects of modern life to entertainment and commerce. “Americans don’t talk to each other; we entertain each other,” Postman wrote. “They don’t exchange ideas; they exchange images. They do not argue with propositions; they argue with good looks, celebrities and commercials.” At first, the web seemed to push against this trend. When it emerged towards the late 1980s as a purely text-based medium, it was seen as a tool to pursue knowledge, not pleasure. Reason and thought were most valued in this garden. Universities were among the first to connect to this new medium, hosting discussion groups, informative blogs, electronic magazines, and academic forums. It was an intellectual project, not about commerce or control, created in a scientific research center in Switzerland. Wikipedia was a fruit of this garden. So was Google search and its text-based advertising model. And so were blogs, which valued text, hyperlinks, knowledge, and literature. And for more than a decade, the web created an alternative space that threatened television’s power over society. Social networks, though, have since colonized the web for television’s values. From Facebook to Instagram, the medium refocuses our attention on videos and images, rewarding emotional appeals — “like” buttons over rational ones. Instead of searching for knowledge, it engages us in an endless passion for instant approval from an audience, for which we are constantly but unconsciously performing. It reduces our curiosity by showing us exactly what we already want and think, based on our profiles and preferences. The Enlightenment’s motto (座右铭) of “Dare to know” has become “Dare not to care to know.” Now the challenge is to save Wikipedia and its promise of a free and open collection of all human knowledge among the conquest of social media - how to collect and preserve knowledge when nobody cares to know. We need to understand that the decline of the web and thereby of the Wikipedia is part of a much larger civilization shift which has just started to unfold. 1．According to Neil Postman, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Television started a revolution in photographic technology. B．Texts help people think critically to make judgments. C．Images give people more chances to communicate deeper. D．The web was meant to serve as an entertainment platform. 2．The underlined word “propositions” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．experiences B．appearances C．opinions D．consequences 3．What can we infer about the influence of social media from the underlined sentence? A．We are constantly distracted and can’t focus for long. B．We are well kept updated with the latest information. C．We have become more curious about the outside world. D．We have become uninterested in intellectual pursuits. 4．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．The Decline of Television B．The Power of Social Media C．Why We Amuse Ourselves to Death D．How Social Media Endangers Knowledge 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对维基百科等网络知识平台所面临的危机进行了深入分析和评论，探讨了互联网从最初的理性、知识追求导向逐渐转变为娱乐、情感导向的趋势，以及这一变化对维基百科等网络知识平台的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In an image-centered and pleasure-driven world, Postman noted, there is no place for thinking, because you simply cannot think with images. It is text that enables us to “uncover lies and confusions, and to detect abuses of logic and common sense. It also means to weigh ideas, to compare and contrast statements, to connect one generalization to another.”(Postman指出，在一个以影像为中心、受享乐驱动的世界里，没有思考的空间，因为人们根本无法通过影像来进行思考。正是文字使我们能够 “揭露谎言与混淆之处，察觉逻辑和常识的滥用情况。它还意味着权衡各种观点，对不同陈述进行比较和对照，将一种概括与另一种概括联系起来”。)”可知，文字能帮助人们去揭露谎言、察觉逻辑和常识的滥用，权衡观点、比较对照陈述等，也就是帮助人们进行批判性思考并做出判断。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上下文“Postman wrote. “They don’t exchange ideas; they exchange images. They do not argue with…; they argue with good looks, celebrities and commercials.”(他们不交换思想，而是交换影像。他们不就……进行争辩，而是比拼颜值、名人效应以及广告宣传。)”可知，此处是在将过去人们围绕某种内容进行争辩的情况和现在只看重外在、名人、广告等情况作对比，过去人们应该是围绕观点、看法之类的内容进行争辩。因此“propositions”与“思想、观点”意思相近。选项C“opinions”，意为“想法、观点”与此相符。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第七段中“Instead of searching for knowledge, it engages us in an endless passion for instant approval from an audience, for which we are constantly but unconsciously performing. It reduces our curiosity by showing us exactly what we already want and think, based on our profiles and preferences. The Enlightenment’s motto (座右铭) of “Dare to know” has become “Dare not to care to know.”(它不是寻求知识，而是让我们陷入一种无尽的激情中，想要得到观众的即时认可，我们一直在无意识地为之表演。它根据我们的个人资料和偏好，准确地向我们展示我们已经想要和想要的东西，从而降低我们的好奇心。启蒙运动的格言“敢于求知”已经变成了“不敢在意求知”。)”可知，社交媒体让我们不再追求知识，而是热衷于获得观众的即时认可，它根据我们的个人资料和偏好展示我们已经想要和思考的东西，降低了我们的好奇心，使我们对知识的追求变得冷漠。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出维基百科面临生存危机，接着回顾了电视兴起对理性等方面的影响，随后讲述网络起初是追求知识的工具，而后来社交网络按照电视的价值观占据网络空间，改变了人们关注的重点，削弱了人们的好奇心，让人们不再在意求知，使得维基百科这样承载知识汇集愿景的平台也受到威胁，整体围绕社交媒体如何危及知识的收集、保存以及人们对知识的追求等方面展开论述。选项D“How Social Media Endangers Knowledge(社交媒体如何危及知识)”能够准确概括文章主要围绕社交媒体对知识产生危害这一核心内容进行论述的主旨，是最合适的标题。故选D。 4 That moment still flashes before me: spilling coffee across my supervisor’s white notes during a critical meeting. The heat in my face, the apologies — an embarrassing memory etched painfully deep. We all have these awkward snapshots. But what if this vivid recall holds an unexpected key to a sharper mind? Neuroscience shows enhancing our memory systems does far more than store facts. A dedicated research team has developed sophisticated methods to amplify the brain’s memory. Their findings reveal surprising benefits touching nearly every aspect of cognition and emotion. Forget struggling for hours. Participants using these techniques experienced accelerated mastery of complex skills. Learning complex software or conversational fluency in a new language became faster and more intuitive (直觉的). Information stuck with less effort, transforming study into genuine understanding. The brain wove new knowledge seamlessly into its fabric. More profoundly, strengthening memory proved therapeutic (治疗的). It wasn’t erasing the coffee-spill disaster. Instead, the enhanced capacity allowed individuals to reframe painful recollections. Accessing the fuller context, perhaps a kindness afterward, or realizing it wasn’t catastrophic, significantly decrease the emotional sting. Past has lost power, fostering greater emotional balance. It is not exaggerating that the impact has already extended into social fluency. Remembering subtle details about colleagues, nuances (细微差别) of conversations, or names with greater accuracy mattered deeply. This heightened recall built smoother interactions, deeper empathy, and stronger bonds. It became less about memorisation and more about true connection. So, while I still blush recalling that moment, the science offers hope. Enhancing memory capacity reshapes how we learn, heal from emotional bruises, and navigate the social world. That awkward memory might be the pathway to a more adaptable, emotionally intelligent, and capable self. Our past stumbles, remembered better, become stepping stones forward. 1．What impact did memory enhancement techniques have on participants’ learning process? A．They reduced study time but required increased repetition for knowledge retention. B．They accelerated mastery of complex skills, making learning much easier afterwards. C．They removed the need for traditional methods by relying on subconscious absorption. D．They were effective for academic subjects, but this averted in practical daily skills. 2．What is the core therapeutic benefit? A．Altering factual accuracy. B．Suppressing negative emotions. C．Accelerating memory decay. D．Expanding contextual recall. 3．What best describes the passage’s structure? A．Problem-solution-conclusion. B．Contrast-argument-prediction. C．Definition-examples-summary. D．Story-research-reflection. 4．What does the underline sentence indicate? A．Forgetting failures enables progress. B．Memory enhancement erases pain. C．Improved memory promotes growth. D．Recalling the past is worthless. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【解析】明文。文章通过作者回忆自己尴尬经历开篇，接着阐述科研团队关于增强记忆力的研究，包括对学习过程、情绪治疗以及社交能力等方面的影响，最后作者反思这段经历并强调增强记忆力的积极意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A dedicated research team has developed sophisticated methods to amplify the brain’s memory. Their findings reveal surprising benefits touching nearly every aspect of cognition and emotion.(一支专注的研究团队已研发出增强大脑记忆的先进方法。他们的研究发现揭示了令人惊奇的益处——这些益处几乎触及认知与情感的每个层面)”和第三段中“Participants using these techniques experienced accelerated mastery of complex skills. Learning complex software or conversational fluency in a new language became faster and more intuitive (直觉的). Information stuck with less effort, transforming study into genuine understanding.(使用这些技巧的参与者能够更快地掌握复杂的技能。学习复杂的软件或用一门新语言进行流利的对话变得更快、更直观。信息无需太多努力就能记住，将学习转化为真正的理解)”可知，记忆增强技术加速了复杂技能的掌握，使之后的学习更加容易。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“More profoundly, strengthening memory proved therapeutic (治疗的). It wasn’t erasing the coffee-spill disaster. Instead, the enhanced capacity allowed individuals to reframe painful recollections. Accessing the fuller context, perhaps a kindness afterward, or realizing it wasn’t catastrophic, significantly decrease the emotional sting.(更深刻的是，增强记忆被证明具有治疗功效。这种方法并非抹去咖啡洒落这类糟糕记忆，而是通过提升记忆容量，让人们能够重新解读痛苦的往事。当人们能获取更完整的记忆背景——或许是事后获得的善意关怀，或是意识到事情并非灾难性的——这种情感刺痛便会显著减轻)”可知，核心治疗益处是扩大对记忆的背景回忆，从而减轻痛苦。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“That moment still flashes before me: spilling coffee across my supervisor’s white notes during a critical meeting. The heat in my face, the apologies — an embarrassing memory etched painfully deep. We all have these awkward snapshots.(那一刻依然在我眼前闪现：在一次重要会议上，我把咖啡洒在了主管的白色笔记上。我脸上发热，不停地道歉——这段尴尬的记忆刻骨铭心。我们都有这些尴尬的瞬间)”可知，文章首先以作者回忆自己尴尬经历的故事开篇；根据第二段中“A dedicated research team has developed sophisticated methods to amplify the brain’s memory. Their findings reveal surprising benefits touching nearly every aspect of cognition and emotion.(一个专门的研究小组已经开发出复杂的方法来增强大脑的记忆能力。他们的发现揭示了令人惊讶的好处，几乎涉及认知和情感的方方面面)”可知，接着阐述科研团队关于增强记忆力的研究；根据最后一段中“So, while I still blush recalling that moment, the science offers hope. Enhancing memory capacity reshapes how we learn, heal from emotional bruises, and navigate the social world.(所以，尽管回想起那一刻我仍然会脸红，但科学给了我希望。增强记忆能力重塑了我们学习、从情感创伤中治愈以及在社交世界中导航的方式)”可知，最后作者反思这段经历并强调增强记忆力的积极意义。所以文章的结构是“故事—研究—反思”。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Enhancing memory capacity reshapes how we learn, heal from emotional bruises, and navigate the social world. That awkward memory might be the pathway to a more adaptable, emotionally intelligent, and capable self. Our past stumbles, remembered better, become stepping stones forward.(增强记忆能力正在重塑我们的学习方式、情感创伤的愈合过程以及社会交往模式。那些令人尴尬的记忆，或许正是一条通往更具适应性、更高情商和更强能力的自我的途径。当我们能更清晰地铭记过去的失足，这些经历便成为了通向未来的垫脚石)”可知，更好地记住过去的经历，无论是成功还是失败，都能成为个人成长和进步的垫脚石。所以划线句“Our past stumbles, remembered better, become stepping stones forward.(过往的磕绊，若能清晰铭记，皆可化为通向未来的阶石)”表明“改善记忆可促进成长”。故选C项。 5 After we lost Indigo, I got a call from the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit. One of their customers was dying, and her dog, Chloe, needed a home. Given our recent loss, they asked, might our family be interested in adopting her? They had to be kidding. After Indigo, we would never get another dog. Ever. It had just been a few years earlier, it seemed, that Indigo — a black Lab — had first burst through our door. Her shiny black fur caught the light, and her energy never seemed to run out. However, she had a nose for trouble. On one occasion, I came home to find that she’d eaten a five-pound bag of flour. She was covered in white powder, and flour paw prints were everywhere. I asked the dog what on earth had happened, and Indy just looked at me with a glance that said I couldn’t imagine what you were referring to. Time raced by. Our children grew up and went off to college. The mirror, which had reflected a young mom when Indigo first arrived, now showed a woman in late middle age. I had eye surgery. I began to lose my hearing. We all turned gray: me, my husband, the dog. In August 2017, I took Indigo for one last walk. She was slow and unsteady on her paws. She looked up at me mournfully. You did say you’d take care of me when the time came, she said. You promised, Jenny. She died that month, a tennis ball by her side. I told the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit we were sorry, but we wouldn’t be adopting any more dogs. Then one morning, as I was passing the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit in my car, I pulled over. I could at least lay eyes upon this Chloe. What harm could it do? But she had such a soft face. When Chloe entered our house, she was cautious, uncertain. She spent hours that first day going to every corner, sniffing things out. Finally she sat down by the fireplace, where Indigo used to belong, and gave me a look. If you wanted, she said, I would stay with you. 1．Why did the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit contact the writer? A．They wanted to sell a dog. B．They were sharing sad news. C．They were anxious about Indigo’s conditions. D．They were looking for a new home for a dog. 2．Which words best describe Indigo? A．Loyal but violent. B．Playful and naughty. C．Curious and cautious. D．Uncertain but well-behaved. 3．What does the underlined sentence imply? A．Visiting Chloe was a harmless curiosity. B．Visiting Chloe could definitely change her decision. C．The writer was making her regular visit to the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit. D．The writer was worrying about the request of the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Life with a Naughty Dog B．The Pain of Losing Indigo C．Saying Goodbye to Indigo D．The Importance of Pets in Our Lives 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的狗Indigo去世后，Bed ‘n’ Biscuit给作者打电话想让作者收养一只狗，但是被作者拒绝了，因为作者在失去Indigo后很伤心，不想再去领养其他狗，但最终作者在好奇心的趋势下去看了这只狗，并最终领养了它，这会使作者从失去Indigo的痛苦中走出来，开启新的生活。通过此文，作者表达了对Indigo的思念。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“After we lost Indigo, I got a call from the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit. One of their customers was dying, and her dog, Chloe, needed a home. Given our recent loss, they asked, might our family be interested in adopting her?(在我们失去Indigo后，我接到了Bed ‘n’ Biscuit的电话。他们的一位顾客快要死了，她的狗克洛伊需要一个家。他们问，鉴于我们最近失去了她，我们的家人是否有兴趣收养她？)”可知，Bed ‘n’ Biscuit联系作者是他们想为一只狗寻找一个新家。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Her shiny black fur caught the light, and her energy never seemed to run out. However, she had a nose for trouble. On one occasion, I came home to find that she’d eaten a five-pound bag of flour.(她闪亮的黑色皮毛在阳光下闪闪发亮，她的能量似乎永远不会耗尽。然而，她却善于发现麻烦。有一次，我回家发现她吃了一袋五磅重的面粉。)”可推知，Indigo贪玩且很顽皮，故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第三段中“Then one morning, as I was passing the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit in my car, I pulled over. I could at least lay eyes upon this Chloe. What harm could it do?(然后有一天早上，当我开车经过Bed ‘n’ Biscuit时，我把车停在了路边。我至少可以看到这个克洛伊。它会造成什么危害？)”可推知，作者很好奇想去看看Chloe这只狗，作者认为自己虽然不会收养这只狗但是去看看是无妨的，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“After we lost Indigo, I got a call from the Bed ‘n’ Biscuit. One of their customers was dying, and her dog, Chloe, needed a home. Given our recent loss, they asked, might our family be interested in adopting her?(在我们失去Indigo后，我接到了Bed ‘n’ Biscuit的电话。他们的一位顾客快要死了，她的狗克洛伊需要一个家。他们问，鉴于我们最近失去了她，我们的家人是否有兴趣收养她？)”可知，作者的狗Indigo去世后，Bed ‘n’ Biscuit给作者打电话想让作者收养一只狗，但是被作者拒绝了，因为作者在失去Indigo后很伤心，不想再去领养其他狗，但最终作者在好奇心的趋势下去看了这只狗，并最终领养了它，这会使作者从失去Indigo的痛苦中走出来，开启新的生活。通过此文，作者表达了对Indigo的思念，C项“告别Indigo”适合做文章标题，故选 C。 6 There’s a Native American proverb that says, “The one who tells the story rules the world.” Stories have the potential to be incredibly powerful. They’re able to change how we relate to each other, to change prejudice, so the potential for stories to persuade is staggering. I read this really, really good research paper about these two books which basically suggested, that if you get people to read a couple of chapters of Harry Potter, they’ll rate themselves higher than other people in their capacity to potentially move something, just using the power of their mind. The people who read about the vampires, they’ll actually believe that their teeth are slightly longer than other people in the population, just as a result of having read a chapter or two of this book. In terms of psychology, there’s a few things that stories actually do to us. We start to almost feel as if the things that are happening to them, are happening to us. Reading is not a relaxation, you are building worlds, you are housing those worlds with cities, and those cities you are populating with people. So although television, film, theatre all have their place in the storytelling world, to me that moment of contact with a book, when you read a story and unlock its secrets ... nothing quite comes close. Our research has been on the interpretation of individual words, if you read the word “jump” for example, you activate those areas that you also activate when you do actually perform the action of jumping, so it would be about here somewhere. The interesting question in this case of course is, I mean if you read about somebody else jumping, why should you activate brain areas related to jumping? The proponents of the theory would say that immersing yourself into a story is based on the mirror neuron system. I am convinced that mirror neurons are part of this process, but it can’ t be the whole story. It’s been found that, when we connect with people who aren’ t real but are fictional characters, it forms a sort of social surrogate for us — it ’s almost like they’re a real person when they’re not. And psychologists sometimes call it forming a parasitical relationship. And what’s interesting about that is it kind of makes us feel less lonely and it can also buffer self-esteem and improve our mood. We know that having a lot of friendships with other people when you’re in a couple is a really positive thing for the outcomes of that relationship. But what is really interesting is they don’t have to be real people. 1．What can we know from the first 3 paragraphs? A．The whole world is in the possession of the ones who tell stories. B．Reading is a process of relaxing rather than building connections with inside people. C．After reading some certain stories, we may have the feeling being like the characters. D．Books have stronger power than films and televisions in the storytelling world. 2．According to the passage, what’s the meaning of the underlined sentence? A．They can boost us in our capability that someone else may not have. B．They can immerse us in the world which we are reading about. C．We can enjoy the accompany with the lots of friends whether they are real or fictional. D．We can gain a deeper insight into the meanings of a unfamiliar word. 3．Which world can replace the underlined world “parasitical ”? A．fictional B．dependant C．desperate D．subsequent 4．What does the article mainly talk about? A．How do stories affect our mindset? B．Whether to read stories or not? C．Should we put up with stories? D．How can we gain a parasitical friendship? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨故事具有强大影响力，能改变人们的认知，阅读故事时我们会仿佛身临其境，融入其中，故事还能通过镜像神经元系统等对我们的心理产生影响，比如减轻孤独感、提升自尊和改善情绪等。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“We start to almost feel as if the things that are happening to them, are happening to us.(我们开始几乎感觉好像发生在他们（故事角色）身上的事情，也发生在我们身上)”可知，读了某些故事后，我们可能会有像故事角色一样的感觉。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段 “The people who read about the vampires, they’ll actually believe that their teeth are slightly longer than other people in the population, just as a result of having read a chapter or two of this book.(那些读过关于吸血鬼内容的人，仅仅因为读了这本书的一两章，实际上就会认为自己的牙齿比其他人的稍微长一些)” 以及前文提到的阅读故事时会有代入感可知，划线句意思是故事能让我们沉浸在我们所阅读的世界中。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“It’s been found that, when we connect with people who aren’t real but are fictional characters, it forms a sort of social surrogate for us — it’s almost like they’re a real person when they’re not. And psychologists sometimes call it forming a parasitical relationship.(研究发现，当我们与不是真实的而是虚构的角色建立联系时，它为我们形成了一种社会替代物——他们几乎就像真实的人，而实际上他们不是。心理学家有时称之为形成一种parasitical关系)”可知，我们依赖与虚构角色建立的关系来满足社交等心理需求，“parasitical”的意思接近 “dependant（依赖的）”。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。短文主要探讨故事具有强大影响力，能改变人们的认知，阅读故事时我们会仿佛身临其境，融入其中，故事还能通过镜像神经元系统等对我们的心理产生影响，比如减轻孤独感、提升自尊和改善情绪等。A选项“故事如何影响我们的思维方式”能准确概括文章主旨。故选A项。 7 Go to any movie theater or sports venue, and it’s obvious there’s an invisible bond that forms from laughing, crying, and simply feeling while brushing shoulders with others. Researches have long backed up this sense of connection, but some aspects of the phenomenon remained unclear. Now, a new study is offering insight. Writing in the journal Royal Society Open Science, Victor Chung of the École Normale Supérieure in France and his team reported how they examined the matter by inviting strangers to watch videos together in same sex pairs. Pairs of strangers watched three types of videos together: positive, negative, and neutral with a curtain between them that was either open or closed. At the start of the experiment the researchers asked each participant whether they’d like to meet the other member of their pair again. After watching each video, participants reported their emotions and feelings of connectedness, and after seeing all three videos they were asked once again about their feelings towards the other participant. The results showed the emotional films generated stronger responses than the neutral film. Crucially, the team said participants’ feelings of connectedness within the pairs was boosted when they experienced more intense emotions. However, this was only the case when participants watched the films with the curtain between them open. The researchers said that whether or not the pairs could see each other had no impact on how positively or negatively they felt about the films. “We found that silently watching emotional films together with another individual is associated with social bonding, even when this person is a stranger and without any verbal communication,” said Chung, the study author. The team added that the findings may help explain why people seek out group activities that generate strong emotions, “even participating in sad memorials that cause negative emotions.” In other words, because emotion bonds us, and humans have a fundamental desire to belong, we’re up for experiences one might think we’d naturally want to avoid. 1．What can we learn about the research method of Victor Chung’s team?​ A．They invited pairs of strangers of different genders to watch videos.​ B．Participants watched the videos without any physical barriers between them.​ C．Participants were asked about their feelings only once during the experiment.​ D．They compared participants’ responses to three types of videos with different emotional tones.​ 2．According to the study, which of the following factors most affects the sense of connectedness between participants?​ A．The type of the video they watched.​ B．Whether they could see each other during watching.​ C．The intensity of emotions the video aroused.​ D．The order in which they watched the videos.​ 3．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence “this was only the case when participants watched the films with the curtain between them open” in Paragraph 4?​ A．Watching videos with the curtain closed had no effect on participants’ emotions.​ B．Visual contact was a necessary condition for the enhancement of connectedness.​ C．Participants felt more positive about the films when they could see each other.​ D．The presence of a curtain between participants influenced their emotional responses to the films.​ 4．What is the main idea of the passage?​ A．To introduce a new study on how group activities strengthen social bonds.​ B．To analyze the reasons why people prefer certain types of group activities.​ C．To explain the impact of different emotional experiences on social bonding.​ D．To prove that silent watching of emotional films promotes social connection. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项关于共同观看情感类影片如何增强陌生人之间社交联系的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Pairs of strangers watched three types of videos together: positive, negative, and neutral with a curtain between them that was either open or closed.(成对的陌生人一起观看了三种类型的视频：积极的、消极的和中性的，他们之间有一道帘子，要么是打开的，要么是关闭的)”以及“After watching each video, participants reported their emotions and feelings of connectedness, and after seeing all three videos they were asked once again about their feelings towards the other participant. (观看每段视频后，参与者需要报告自己的情绪和与对方的联结感；在看完所有三段视频后，他们会再次被问及对另一位参与者的感受)”可知，Victor Chung团队的研究方法是比较参与者对三种不同情感基调视频的反应。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Crucially, the team said participants’ feelings of connectedness within the pairs was boosted when they experienced more intense emotions.(关键是，研究团队表示，当参与者体验到更强烈的情绪时，他们之间的联系感会增强)”可知，视频唤起的情绪强度最影响参与者之间的联系感。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The results showed the emotional films generated stronger responses than the neutral film. Crucially, the team said participants’ feelings of connectedness within the pairs was boosted when they experienced more intense emotions. (结果显示，情感类影片比中性影片引发的反应更强烈。关键的是，研究团队称，当参与者体验到更强烈的情绪时，两人之间的联结感会增强)”可知，结果显示情感类影片比中性影片引发的反应更强烈，结合划线句子“However, this was only the case when participants watched the films with the curtain between them open.(然而，这一现象仅在参与者观看影片时中间的帘子处于打开状态的情况下才会出现)”可知，情感类影片比中性影片引发的反应更强烈只是参与者观看影片时中间的帘子处于打开状态的情况下才会出现。由此可知，视觉接触是增强联系感的必要条件。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第五段中的““We found that silently watching emotional films together with another individual is associated with social bonding, even when this person is a stranger and without any verbal communication,” said Chung, the study author. (该研究作者Chung表示：“我们发现，即便与陌生人一起默默观看情感类影片，且双方没有任何语言交流，这种行为也能促进社会联结。”)”可知，文章主要介绍一项新研究，证明默默观看情感电影能促进社交联系。故选D项。 8 Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution, which has occurred ever since men were organized into units larger than the family. In the past human race managed to survive it. Why should it not continue to survive even if wars go on occurring from time to time? Moreover, people like war, and will feel frustrated without it. And without war there will be no adequate opportunity for heroism or self-sacrifice. Modem technology has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted. There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology (意识形态) would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their followers believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them. The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bomb. 1．From the passage we can learn that war now is ______. A．as bad as in the past B．worse than in the past C．as necessary as in the past D．not so dangerous as in the past 2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Men, as well as war, will have to make the ultimate choice between the two. B．Modern technology has empowered man to choose whether to have war or not. C．At least 6,000 years later, man has finally decided to abandon war once and for all. D．People will eventually destroy themselves if they choose to go to war at modern times. 3．As for ideology, what does the author intend to tell us? A．Certain ideology is superior regarding its truthfulness. B．It is useless to adopt an ideology to prevent war. C．Not every ideology is not worth fighting for. D．It is wrong to follow any ideology. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．War or No War, That Is A Question B．Nuclear Weapons Bring the End of Human Race C．Towards a Future Without War: A Call for Global Arbitration D．From Ideology to Negotiation: A New Approach to International Conflicts 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。在当前的国际形势之下，作者阐述人类应该以一种新的方式看待国际问题，而不是把它看作武力的较量。这种方式就是通过根据公认的法律原则进行仲裁。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Modem technology has changed this”（现代科技改变了这一点）以及“For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat.”（目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但不久之后，细菌或化学武器可能带来更大的威胁。）可推知，现在的战争比过去更糟糕。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. ”（要么人会消灭战争，要么战争会消灭人。目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但细菌或化学武器不久可能会带来更大的威胁。如果我们成功地废除了核武器，我们的工作也还没有完成。除非我们成功地废除了战争，否则这是永远不会实现的。）可知，只有成功废除战争，才能算做完成人类的工作，由此可推知，如果人们选择在现代进行战争，他们最终将自我毁灭。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“All ideologies are based upon dogmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their followers believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them.”（所有的意识形态都建立在武断的陈述之上，往好了说，这些陈述是可疑的，往坏了说，这些陈述是完全错误的。他们的追随者如此狂热地相信他们，以至于他们愿意为了支持他们而去打仗。）可推知，采用意识形态来防止战争是无用的。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段“To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law .”（要做到这一点，我们需要说服人类以一种新的方式看待国际问题，而不是将其视为武力的较量，在这种较量中，胜利属于最善于杀人的一方，而是通过根据商定的法律原则进行仲裁。）可知，作者呼吁人们以新的方式看待国际问题，通过仲裁来解决问题，以此来废除战争，因此，C选项“Towards a Future Without War: A Call for Global Arbitration”（走向无战争的未来：全球仲裁的呼吁）最能概括全文内容。故选C。 9 A friend and I were having lunch and I asked about her son who was getting professional help for some behavioral problems he was having. Our conversation went like this: “There’s a good change in his attitude. He’s staying out of trouble, but I’m just waiting for the other shoe to drop.” she said. “It’s hard to trust him yet. He is doing things that he’s never done before, which is great. But I still need to supervise him just in case.” I asked a couple of questions: “Have you told him how proud you are of how far he’s come? Have you thanked him for the things he’s now doing but never did in the past?” She said no. And because she’s a very bright woman she followed it up with: “I really need to say those things because I am proud of him and I am grateful for what he’s doing now. All I keep doing is looking at what he’s still doing wrong and getting on him about that. How’s he ever going to feel good about himself and continue to improve if I don’t acknowledge him for all his improvements and growth?” “If I keep waiting for the other shoe to drop, it will!” I just smiled and told her I loved her and that she’s a great mom. The conversation moved on to a new topic. It’s worth taking a look at your close relationships, especially with your kids and asking yourself: Do I spend too much time letting them know what they’re doing wrong? Do I ignore their efforts toward positive change? Do I still find ways to be unsatisfied with their behavior? If you answer yes to any of those questions, you’re now the one who needs to do some changing. Never forget that people love to be acknowledged — not just for the big things but the little things, too. Appreciation and love are the driving force that keeps them wanting to do well and do something nice for others. 1．The author’s friend ______. A．was already satisfied with her son’s behavior B．was particular about her son’s attitude C．was still worried about her son’s behavior D．already fully believed in her son 2．The attitude the friend holds towards the author’s advice is ______. A．favorable B．negative C．unconcerned D．doubtful 3．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A．If I keep waiting for kids to correct mistakes, they will. B．If I keep waiting for kids to change positively, they will. C．If I keep waiting for kids to wear the other shoe, they will. D．If I keep waiting for kids to make mistakes, they will. 4．The motivations for kids to keep behaving well are ______. A．direct rejection and scolding B．proper affection and admiration C．blind love and appreciation D．strict requirements and standards 5．The best title for the text is ______. A．A Dialogue Between Two Women B．Are You Proud of Your Child? C．Be Patient When You Are a Parent D．One Major Thing Most Parents Forget to Do 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位母亲在孩子行为改善过程中的心理变化，以及通过对话意识到表扬与认可对孩子成长的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“There’s a good change in his attitude. He’s staying out of trouble, but I’m just waiting for the other shoe to drop.(他的态度有了很好的转变，他不再惹麻烦，但我还是担心随时会有不好的事情发生)”可知，作者的朋友仍然担心她儿子的行为。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“And because she’s a very bright woman she followed it up with: “I really need to say those things because I am proud of him and I am grateful for what he’s doing now. (因为她是一个非常聪明的女性，她随即补充道：“我真的需要对他说这些话，因为我确实为他感到骄傲，也很感激他现在的改变和成长)”可知，这位朋友认同作者的建议，并意识到了自己需要改变的地方。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“All I keep doing is looking at what he’s still doing wrong and getting on him about that. How’s he ever going to feel good about himself and continue to improve if I don’t acknowledge him for all his improvements and growth?(我一直只关注他做得不对的地方，并为此责备他。如果我不承认并赞赏他的所有进步和成长，他又怎么能自我感觉良好并继续进步呢？)”可知，划线句子的意思是如果我一直预期不好的事情会发生，那么这种预期很可能会成为现实,其中“wait for the other shoe to drop”为习惯用语，意为“提心吊胆等待结果(一般是不好的结果)”，D选项“如果我一直等待孩子们犯错，他们就真的会犯错。”与划线部分语意一致。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Never forget that people love to be acknowledged — not just for the big things but the little things, too. Appreciation and love are the driving force that keeps them wanting to do well and do something nice for others.(永远不要忘记，人们喜欢被认可——不仅仅是因为大事，也包括小事。欣赏和爱是驱使他们想要做得更好并为别人做好事的动力)”可知，孩子们持续表现良好的动机是适当的爱和赞赏。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段中“Never forget that people love to be acknowledged — not just for the big things but the little things, too. Appreciation and love are the driving force that keeps them wanting to do well and do something nice for others.(永远不要忘记，人们喜欢被认可——不仅仅是因为大事，也包括小事。欣赏和爱是驱使他们想要做得更好并为别人做好事的动力)”可知，文章通过作者与朋友的对话，引出大多数父母容易忽略的一件事：对孩子表达认可和赞赏的重要性，D选项“大多数父母忘记做的一件大事”适合作为文章标题。故选D。 10 He Jiazheng, 22, a college student in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, said he used to buy only big brands (品牌) during middle school. Then he realized that a piece of clothing, regardless of whether it is from a well-known brand or not, may only be worn for one or two years. Besides, the quality of famed brands sometimes is not as good as that of ordinary ones. Now he spends no more than 100 yuan on each item of clothing. “As long as the clothes are suitable to wear, this is fine.” “I hope to realize maximum happiness through minimum spending. As luxury food and brand-name clothing cannot increase my happiness, why not satisfy myself by spending less for the same amount of happiness?” He said. Ma Yuan, 36, a college teacher in Shanxi province, began saving money a year ago. She wants to save money for advanced studies and her family expects to travel. She stopped buying well-known brands of make-up and using cheaper products instead. Ma also recycled empty boxes, cut back on dining out, and reduced the number of unnecessary purchases. “While buying may bring short happiness, I have discovered that living a more frugal (节俭的) lifestyle can lead to a sense of satisfaction,” she said. “I have many dreams that require financial support. By controlling and reducing my spending. I am able to bring those dreams closer to reality.” It’s a good idea to have a certain amount of money saved for better use in the future. 1．He Jiazheng thinks the quality of famed brands is ________ that of ordinary brands. A．better than B．sometimes not as good as C．worse than D．as good as 2．When buying clothes, what does He Jiazheng care about most now? A．Quality. B．Color. C．Style. D．Price. 3．What can we know about Ma Yuan? A．She used to buy well-known brands of make-up. B．She wants to save money for her children. C．She no longer dines out. D．She is a college student in Shanxi province. 4．What can we infer from the underlined sentence? A．Living a frugal life can bring Ma Yuan the shortest happiness. B．The less Ma Yuan buys, the unhappier she feels. C．Ma Yuan prefers sense of satisfaction to short happiness. D．Ma Yuan has never experienced a sense of satisfaction before. 5．What may be the best title for the passage? A．Ways of Making Money B．How to Shop Smartly C．Spending Less and Save More D．The Stories of Two Young People 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．C 【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两个人的消费观，表达了平时要节省钱，留着为以后实现梦想使用。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Besides, the quality of famed brands sometimes is not as good as that of ordinary ones.(而且，名牌产品的质量有时还不如普通产品的质量好。)”可知，在 He Jiazheng看来，名牌产品的质量有时还不如普通产品的质量好，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Now he spends no more than 100 yuan on each item of clothing. “As long as the clothes are suitable to wear, this is fine.”(现在，他的衣服不到100块钱一件。他认为，只要衣服适合穿，就可以。)”可知，在买衣服时，He Jiazheng注重的是价格便宜，合身就行，衣服不到一百块一件，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“She stopped buying well-known brands of make-up and using cheaper products instead.(她不再买名牌的化妆品，相反，而是用便宜的产品。)”可知，Ma Yuan之前购买名牌的化妆品，故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据文章划线句“While buying may bring short happiness, I have discovered that living a more frugal (节俭的) lifestyle can lead to a sense of satisfaction,(当购物给我带来短暂性的快乐时，我发现过着节俭的生活能带来满足感。)”后的内容“I have many dreams that require financial support. By controlling and reducing my spending. I am able to bring those dreams closer to reality.(我有很多梦想需要金钱的支持。通过控制和减少我的花销，我能够将这些梦想变得离现实更近一些。)”可知，她认为购物能给她带来短暂性的快乐，然而过着节俭的生活却能给她带来满足感，她选择了减少和控制花销，从而来实现自己的梦想，故比起短暂性的快乐，她更喜欢节省的生活给她带来的满足感，故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段““I hope to realize maximum happiness through minimum spending. As luxury food and brand-name clothing cannot increase my happiness, why not satisfy myself by spending less for the same amount of happiness?” He said.(他说道“我希望通过最小的花销得到最大的快乐。因为奢侈的食物和名牌的衣服不能增加我的快乐，那为什么不用更小的花销来获得相同的快乐呢”？)”和文章倒数第二段“I have many dreams that require financial support. By controlling and reducing my spending. I am able to bring those dreams closer to reality.(我有很多梦想需要金钱的支持。通过控制和减少我的花销，我能够将这些梦想变得离现实更近一些。)”以及文章最后一段“It’s a good idea to have a certain amount of money saved for better use in the future.(省下一些钱留着为以后使用是不错的想法。)”可知，文章通过两个人的消费观的变化，表达了平时要节省钱，留着为以后实现梦想使用，故C项“花更少，省下更多”符合文章标题，故选C。 11 When Strauss’s first wife passed away, it was a shock for him and their then-10-year-old daughter, Molly. Seeing her facing a challenge she really wasn’t prepared for, Strauss naturally turned to what he knows best: storytelling. “I had the idea that perhaps stories of great heroes and the way they met challenges and hardships in their lives could be inspirational to her,” Strauss says. The principal at his daughter’s elementary school had lost her own mother when she was nine and developed a close bond with Molly. Her school hosted the first plays, and the principal advised him to design the plays to fit in with the standard school curriculum, so that teachers could achieve their education goals along with Strauss’s objectives. Strauss calls his collection of plays the Spirit Series, “because it’s a celebration of the human spirit and because our job is to spirit students over a threshold (门槛) in a transformative way”. Unlike in regular theater plays, the Spirit Series plays leave room for the children to plug in their own dialogue, put themselves in the historic figures’ shoes and write essays about big questions posed by the historic figures in the plays, for instance: What do you want out of life when you grow up? Does popularity feed the soul? The Spirit Series has been hosted by more than 100 schools and 60,000 students in California. The results students and teachers report are striking: More than a quarter of students improve academically and in social and emotional skills. More than 90 percent of students report improved teamwork after participating, and nearly 82 percent of participating teachers said that the series enhances focus. Today, the Spirit Series has expanded into Spirit Corps, which provides video-assisted storytelling that Strauss is rolling out more widely this year, and Spirit Works, a coaching program for teachers, “because you can’t expect students to go where you can’t lead them,” Strauss says. “Transformative outcomes in classrooms begin with self-transformation.” 1．Why did Strauss create the Spirit Series? A．To express the love to his lost wife. B．To help his daughter tackle the sorrow. C．To offer standard curriculum to schools. D．To promote traditional theater education. 2．What makes the Spirit Series plays special? A．They record major historic events. B．They are a collection of students’ essays. C．They are written by a less-known writer. D．They allow children to add their own creation. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning the Spirit Series? A．Its positive impacts. B．Its high profitability. C．Its potential problems. D．Its great complexity. 4．What message does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph convey? A．Teachers should improve their teaching aims. B．Teachers should be a model for the students. C．Teachers should coach their students. D．Teachers should reform their teaching. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Strauss为帮助丧母的女儿而创作the Spirit Series戏剧教育项目，该项目通过互动式历史人物故事激发学生的创造力和思考能力，并在加州多所学校取得显著教育成效，最终扩展为更全面的教师培训计划。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When Strauss’s first wife passed away, it was a shock for him and their then-10-year-old daughter, Molly. Seeing her facing a challenge she really wasn’t prepared for, Strauss naturally turned to what he knows best: storytelling. (当Strauss的第一任妻子去世时，这对他和他们当时年仅10岁的女儿Molly来说是个沉重的打击。看着女儿面对这个完全没有准备好的挑战，Strauss很自然地转向了他最擅长的事情：讲故事)”和第二段中Strauss所说的话“I had the idea that perhaps stories of great heroes and the way they met challenges and hardships in their lives could be inspirational to her (我想到，或许那些伟大英雄的故事以及他们如何面对人生挑战与困境的经历，能够给她带来启发)”可知，Strauss创作该剧的初衷是帮助女儿应对悲伤。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unlike in regular theater plays, the Spirit Series plays leave room for the children to plug in their own dialogue, put themselves in the historic figures’ shoes and write essays about big questions posed by the historic figures in the plays (与传统戏剧不同，the Spirit Series剧目为孩子们留出了创作空间：他们可以自行添加台词、代入历史人物的角色，并针对剧中历史人物提出的深刻问题撰写文章)”可知，该剧的特别之处在于允许孩子们加入自己的创作。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“The results students and teachers report are striking: More than a quarter of students improve academically and in social and emotional skills. More than 90 percent of students report improved teamwork after participating, and nearly 82 percent of participating teachers said that the series enhances focus. (师生们反馈的成果令人瞩目：超过25%的学生在学业及社交情感技能方面取得进步；参与项目后，90%以上的学生表示团队协作能力提升；近82%的参与教师认为该系列课程显著提高了学生的专注力)”可知，该段通过数据说明该剧的积极影响。故选A项。 4．词句猜测题。画线句的上文“because you can’t expect students to go where you can’t lead them (因为你无法要求学生到达你未能引领之处)”表明教师需先具备引领的能力，再根据画线句“Transformative outcomes in classrooms begin with self-transformation. (课堂的变革性成果始于自我变革)”可知，此处指教师需先改变自身教学方式，才能引导学生实现转变。故选D项。 12 An early morning winter storm had brought several inches of snow in my small town in the mountains. Schools were canceled, roads were dangerous and all I wanted to do was to stay in bed. Still, I knew I had to get the day started so I put on warm clothes and walked outside. The snow got all over my shoes. The cold wind dried my lips and my eyes. My 47-year-old back ached in anticipation of the shoveling I would have to do if the snow didn’t stop soon. Yet, when I looked out on the white blanket that covered the ground, I couldn’t help but smile a bit. It was so beautiful. It softened the bare trees and hid the dead grass. In the distance I could hear the sound of the snowplow on the road, the barking of a happy dog and the laughter of children playing outside, enjoying their way off from school. The sweet music of that laughter brought back a hundred memories of winters past. I remembered catching snowflakes on my tongue, building snowmen, making snow angels, running down hills and always losing snowball fights with first my brothers and then my own children.  Standing there in that warm coat of memories made the wind a little less cold and my back a little less sore. I turned up my head, stuck out my tongue and for the first time in years caught a snowflake on it. It tasted so fresh and clean. It tasted like youth, like joy and like love. May you always feel young in spirit, no matter how old or achy your body may be. May you always delight in the simple joys of life. May you always share your happiness with the hearts of children. And may you always give your love, your light, your laughter and your warmth to others even on the coldest days. 1．How did the author react when he knew it snowed heavily? A．He was upset. B．He was happy. C．He was thankful. D．He was moved. 2．From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1, we can know that “________”. A．my back ached because of the cold weather. B．I had suffered from back pain for many years. C．my back would ache upon thinking of cleaning up the snow. D．the snow didn’t stop and I felt too cold. 3．From which senses did the author describe the joy of having snow? A．Taste and smell. B．Sight and smell. C．Smell, hearing and taste. D．Sight, hearing and taste. 4．What does the author mainly want to tell us with this article? A．We should brave any snowstorm in life. B．Snow brings both fun and trouble. C．Memories can change our opinion. D．We should stay young at heart. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者在小镇遭遇暴雪时，起初心情不佳，看到雪景后回忆起过去玩雪的欢乐，最后表达要保持年轻心态、享受生活的感悟。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Schools were canceled, roads were dangerous and all I wanted to do was to stay in bed. Still, I knew I had to get the day started so I put on warm clothes and walked outside.(学校停课了，道路很危险，而我唯一想做的就是呆在床上。不过，我知道我必须开始这一天，所以我穿上暖和的衣服，走到外面)”可知，雪下得很大，不宜外出，作者不想起床但又不得不起床，从而推知当作者知道雪下得很大时，他的第一反应是感到烦恼。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。划线句“My 47-year-old back ached in anticipation of the shoveling I would have to do if the snow didn’t stop soon.(一想到如果雪不快点停，我就得去铲雪，我47岁的后背就疼得厉害)”中作者说这样的大雪天气，雪如果不停，就需要去铲雪，一想到即将要去清理雪，后背就会疼。由此可知，划线句子意思是作者一想到要清理积雪，背就会痛。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Yet, when I looked out on the white blanket that covered the ground, I couldn’t help but smile a bit.(然而，当我看到覆盖着地面的白色雪层时，我忍不住笑了笑)”和“In the distance I could hear the sound of the snowplow on the road, the barking of a happy dog and the laughter of children playing outside (在远处，我能听到路上扫雪机的声音、一只欢快的狗的叫声和在外面玩耍的孩子们的笑声)”可知，作者从视觉和听觉来描写；根据第三段中“I turned up my head, stuck out my tongue and for the first time in years caught a snowflake on it. It tasted so fresh and clean.(我抬起头，伸出舌头，多年来第一次接住了一片雪花。它尝起来如此清新干净)”可知，作者从味觉来描写。所以作者从视觉、听觉和味觉来描写了下雪带来的快乐。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“May you always feel young in spirit, no matter how old or achy your body may be. May you always delight in the simple joys of life. May you always share your happiness with the hearts of children. And may you always give your love, your light, your laughter and your warmth to others even on the coldest days.(愿你无论身体多么衰老或疼痛，精神上永远年轻。愿你总是能从生活的简单快乐中获得乐趣。愿你总是能与孩子们的心灵分享你的快乐。愿你即使在最冷的日子里，也能向他人献出你的爱、你的光芒、你的欢笑和你的温暖)”可知，作者主要想告诉我们要精神上永远年轻，保持年轻的心态。故选D项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $