Unit4 What is life? Reading 课文翻译及知识点-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津新教材选修三/创新学程三）

该高中英语单元导学案以“人生价值与生命意义的探索”为主题，通过整合罗素《我为什么而活》与海伦·凯勒《假如有三天光明》两篇经典文本，设计“文本精读-词汇拓展-主题深化”的递进式学习任务，引导学生从理解作者人生追求逐步过渡到思考自身生命意义，体现语言学习与价值感悟的系统性关联。 亮点在于“跨文本主题探究”的活动设计，学生需对比分析两位作者对生命意义的不同阐释，结合文本细节完成“生命价值观点提炼”表格并分享感悟，培养语言能力和思维品质素养。学案提供词汇语境化应用练习（如despair, sacrifice的用法示例）和背景知识链接，助力学生深度学习，同时为教师实施单元整体教学提供清晰的活动流程与能力培养重点，支持学生语言能力与人文素养的综合提升。

牛津新教材选修三 Unit4 Reading What I lived for 我为什么而活 Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very edge of despair. 三种简单却无比强烈的激情支配着我的生活: 对爱的渴望，对知识的追求和对人类苦难难以抑制的同情。这些激情，像大风一样，把我吹得任意飘忽，越过痛苦的海洋，到达绝望的边缘。 1. govern v.统治，管理；控制，影响；（语法）支配；可用来裁定（某案例） n. government政府；政体；管辖--governor主管人员；统治者，管理者；[自] 调节器；地方长官--governance管理；统治；支配--governorship州长或总督等的职位；州长或总督等的任期 2. in a wayward course偏离正轨地前行 3. despair n.绝望；令人绝望的人或事 v.绝望，丧失信心 in despair绝望失望在绝望中绝望之中 •One harsh word would send her into the depths of despair .一句严厉的话就会使她陷入极度的绝望之中。 V. ~ (of sth/sb)~ (of doing sth) •I despair of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months.我对他都绝望了，他做任何工作都超不过半年。 I have sought love, first, because it brings delight—delight so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen the vision of the glorious world that saints and poets have imagined.This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what—at last—I have found. 我寻求爱，首先是因为它能带来快乐——这种快乐是如此之大，以至于我常常愿意为了几个小时的这种快乐而牺牲生命中的其他一切。我寻求爱，还因为它能驱除孤独——在那种可怕的孤独中，一颗颤抖的心灵站在世界的边缘，望向冰冷、没有生命的深渊。我寻求爱，还因为在爱的结合中，我看到了圣人和诗人所想象的光辉世界的景象。这就是我所追求的，虽然对人的一生来说似乎遥不可及， 但这是我最终找到的。 sacrifice n.牺牲，献出/祭，供奉；祭牲，供品；基督的献身（指耶稣被钉在十字架上）；（天主教作为献祭圣体和圣血，或新教表示感恩的）圣餐礼；（棋）（为战略或战术原因所作出的）弃子，弃卒；（棒球中）牺牲打（sacrifice bunt/fly）；（桥牌）（指在对方叫到进局定约之后的）牺牲性叫牌（sacrifice bid） v.牺牲，献出；献祭，以……为祭品；（棋）（故意）弃子，弃卒；（棒球）做牺牲打；（棒球）以牺牲打使（跑垒者）进垒；（桥牌）作牺牲性叫牌；亏本出售 at the sacrifice of以牺牲…为代价 • She sacrificed everything for her children.她为子女牺牲了一切。 With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men.I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to understand the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved. 我以同样的热情追求知识。我希望能理解人类的心灵。我想知道星星为什么发光。我试图理解毕达哥拉斯的力量，数字支配着万物的变化。在这方面，我取得了一些成就，但不多。 hold sway 居于主导地位；具有支配力 flux n. 不断变化，波动；（血等体液的）流出，溢出 Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Cries of pain echo in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to defeat this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. 爱和知识，尽其可能，把人引向天堂。但怜悯总是把我带回现实。痛苦的呼喊在我心中回响。饥寒交迫的儿童，被压迫者折磨的受害者，成为子女负担的无助老人，以及整个孤独、贫穷和痛苦的世界，都是对人类理想生活的嘲弄。我渴望战胜邪恶，但我无能为力，我也在受苦。 1. bring me back to earth把我拉回了现实世界 2. famine /ˈfæmɪn/ n.饥荒，饥馑；匮乏，短缺 3.victims tortured by oppressors被压迫者所折磨的受害者 fall victim to成为…的牺牲品；成为…的受害者；屈服于…；被…降服 victim n.受害者，罹难者；（面对不幸事件或虐待时的）无助者，患病者；牺牲品，祭品；受骗者 torture n.拷打，拷问，酷刑逼供；折磨，煎熬；变形 v.拷打，拷问，严刑逼供；造成精神上的巨大痛苦，使忧虑；扭曲 这就是我的生活。我发现这一生是值得活的。如果有机会，我很乐意再活一次。 oppressor /əˈpresə(r)/ n.压制者，压迫者--adj. oppressive压迫的；沉重的；压制性的；难以忍受的--adv. oppressively压迫地；沉重地--n. oppression压抑；镇压；压迫手段；沉闷；苦恼--vt. oppress压迫，压抑；使……烦恼；使……感到沉重 4. make a mockery of嘲笑， 使显愚蠢 Self-mockery自我解嘲自嘲 mockery n.嘲弄；笑柄；徒劳无功；拙劣可笑的模仿或歪曲 This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me. Bertrand Russell: the pursuit of his passions 伯特兰·罗素: 追求他的激情 British philosopher, mathematician /ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃn/ and writer Bertrand Russell (1872- 1970) has had a major influence on Western philosophy. His works, beautifully written with clarity of thought, are generally regarded as modern classics. In the prologue /ˈprəʊlɒɡ/ 开场白；序言 to his autobiography /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi/自传；自传体写作, entitled "What I Have Lived for”, Russell identifies the three passions that have governed his life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge and pity for the suffering of mankind. Russell regarded these passions as worthy beliefs and pursued them all his life. 英国哲学家、数学家和作家伯特兰·罗素(1872- 1970)对西方哲学产生了重大影响。他的作品文笔优美，思想清晰，被公认为现代经典。在自传的序言《我为什么而活》中，罗素指出了支配他一生的三种激情:对爱的渴望、对知识的探索和对人类苦难的同情。罗素把这些激情视为有价值的信仰，并毕生追求它们。罗素的第一个激情，对爱的渴望，在他的生活中起到了强大的激励作用。对罗素来说，爱是快乐和祝福的牢不可破的结合。这是人们可以彼此分享的终极情感体验。罗素深知爱的重要性，他在自传中写道:“经过这么多年孤独的生活，我知道了什么是生活和爱。现在，如果我睡觉，我就会睡得很饱。” 1. entitle v.~ sb to sth 给予（某人）权利，给（某人）资格；给......命名，给......题名 be entitled to有权利做某事 a performance entitled "United States."…一场名为“合众国”的演出 你到65岁就有资格享受养老金 •You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65. 2. worthy adj.值得尊敬的，值得注意的，值得敬仰的；值得的，应得的，相配的；好（但乏味）的；有（某人或事物）的典型特征 a worthy champion 当之无愧的冠军 a very worthy cause 非常崇高的事业 -worthy 值得…的；适于…的 •trustworthy值得信任的 •roadworthy适于在公路上行驶的 Russell's first passion, the longing for love, played a powerful motivating role in his life. To Russell, love is an unbreakable combination of delight and well-wishing. It is the ultimate emotional experience that people could share with each other. Fully aware of the importance of love,Russell wrote in his autobiography,"After so many lonely years,I know what life and love may be. Now,if I sleep,I shall sleep fulfilled.” 罗素的第一个激情，对爱的渴望，在他的生活中起到了强大的激励作用。对罗素来说，爱是快乐和祝福的牢不可破的结合。这是人们可以彼此分享的终极情感体验。罗素深知爱的重要性，他在自传中写道:“经过这么多年孤独的生活，我知道了什么是生活和爱。现在，如果我睡觉，我就会心满意足入睡。” fulfilled adj.有成就感的，感到满足的--fulfillment n.履行；实行；满足（感 --v.实现；履行；满足fulfill a sense of fulfillment满足感 Russell's acknowledgement of the importance of seeking knowledge at every opportunity, whether to better understand our fellow man or the world in which we live, comes as no surprise. Widely acknowledged as an expert in many fields, Russell actively followed his second passion. His academic achievements are far too numerous to list, but he won the Nobel Prize in Literature, discovered Russell's paradox leading to new thinking in logic and set theory, and was recognized as one of the founders of modern analytic philosophy. 无论是为了更好地理解我们的同胞，还是为了更好地理解我们所生活的世界， 罗素都认识到抓住一切机会求知的重要性，这并不令人惊讶。拉塞尔在许多领域 都被公认为专家，他积极地追求着自己的第二爱好。他的学术成就不胜枚举，但 他获得了诺贝尔文学奖，发现了导致逻辑学和集合论新思维的罗素悖论，被公认 为现代分析哲学的奠基人之一。 1. acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢；（作者的）致谢；回执；（表示注意到了某人或某事的）示意 be widely acknowledged as被广泛认可为 2. academic achievement学习成绩，学术成就 3. far too numerous to listfar too numerous to list 不胜枚举 Human suffering is, unfortunately, universal, inevitable and inescapable, of which Russell was all too aware. Pity for the suffering of mankind became his third passion, which led him to dedicate much of his life to easing the pain of others through political and social activism（n. 行动主义；激进主义）. He was a pacifist和平主义者 who spoke out against war公开反对战争. In 1955, he released the Russell-Einstein Manifesto《罗素-爱因斯坦宣言》, which highlighted the dangers of nuclear weapons. He was also an active participant in improving the rights of women.不幸的是，人类的苦难是普遍的、不可避免的、不可逃避的，这一点罗素非 常清楚。对人类苦难的同情成为他的第三个爱好，这使他把一生的大部分时间致 力于通过政治和社会活动来减轻他人的痛苦。他是一个公开反对战争的和平主义者。1955 年，他发表了《罗素-爱因斯坦宣言》，强调了核武器的危险。他还是改善妇女权利的积极参与者。 highlight v.突出，强调；用亮色突出；挑染 n.最好（或最精彩、最激动人心）的部分；挑染的头发；强光部分 Russell is outstanding to the extent that his contributions and achievements still remain relevant to this day. There have been many attempts to sum up his remarkable life, but perhaps the best description of what was important to him comes from Russell himself in his prologue, "What I Have Lived for” . 罗素的杰出之处在于，他的贡献和成就直到今天仍有意义。有很多人试图总结他非凡的一生，但也许对他重要的东西的最好描述来自于罗素自己在他的序言“我为什么而活”。 1. relevant adj.有关的，切题的；正确的，适宜的；有价值的，有意义的 his contributions and achievements still remain relevant to this day. 他的贡献和成就直到今天仍有意义。 2. sum up总结,总计,概括 n.金额，款项；算术，简单计算；总数，总和；全部，一切（尤指数量不大）；<英>计算失误；<英>计算费用 a large sum of一大笔；大量的 dim sum（汉）点心 v.概括，总结；求……的和，计算……的总数 Extended reading Three Days to See (Excerpt) 假如有三天光明(节选) Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches out before us in an endless vista. 有时我想，把每一天都过得好像我们明天就会死去一样，这将是一个极好的生活准则。这样的态度会大大强调人生的价值。我们每天都应该以一种温柔，一种活力和一种敏锐的感激之心来生活，而当时间在我们面前无限延伸时，我们却常常失去了这些。 gentle--adv. gently--n. gentleness The listlessness, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses. Those who have never suffered the loss of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these faculties. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration and with little appreciation. I have often thought it would be a good thing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. 我担心，无精打采是我们运用所有官能和感官的特点。那些从未遭受失明或听力损失之苦的人很少充分利用这些能力。他们的眼睛和耳朵模糊地接收着所有的景物和声音，心不在焉，也不怎么欣赏。我常常想，如果每个人在他刚成年的时候，有几天失明或失聪，那将是一件好事。黑暗会使他更加珍惜光明;寂静将教会他声音的乐趣。 1. take in吸收, 收留， 接受；理解；拘留；欺骗；让…进入；改短 2. hazily adv.模糊地；朦胧地 3. be stricken blind and deaf突然失明失聪 4. be appreciative of感激，欣赏，珍惜 Recently I was visited by a good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed. "Nothing in particular," she replied. How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. I feel the delicate symmetry/ˈsɪmətri/ 对称（性）；相似，相等 of a leaf and I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter's sleep. Something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me and the changing seasons are a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my fingertips. 最近，一位好朋友来看我，她刚在树林里走了很长时间，我问她观察到了什么。“没什么特别的，”她回答。我问自己，在树林里走了一个小时，怎么可能什么值得注意的东西都没有看到呢?我这个看不见的人，仅仅通过触摸就能发现成百上千的东西使我感兴趣。我感受着树叶的精致对称，我满怀希望地触摸着树枝， 寻找嫩芽，那是大自然冬眠后苏醒的第一个迹象。大自然的奇迹向我展现了出来， 四季的变化就像一出激动人心的永不落幕的戏剧，剧中的情节从我的指尖流过。 be worthy of note值得注意的 mere adj.仅仅，只不过；只凭……就足以--merely仅仅，只不过；只是 bud n.芽，花蕾；<美，非正式>伙计，老兄；芽体 v.发芽，长出花蕾；为……进行芽接 At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight? Perhaps I can best illustrate by imagining what I should most like to see if I had three days of sight. What would I most want to let my gaze rest upon? 有时我的心在呐喊，渴望看到这一切。如果仅仅通过触摸我就能获得如此多的快乐，那么视觉又会展现出多少美丽呢?也许我可以通过想象来最好地说明， 如果我有三天的视力，我最想看到什么。我最想让我的目光停留在什么上面? 1. illustrate v.加插图于；说明，阐明；证明，证实--n.illustration说明；插图；例证；图解 2. gaze v.凝视，注视 n.凝视，注视；特定视角，特定角度 3. rest upon/on基于，依赖于，取决于,停留在； His eyes came to rest on Clara's face.----rest one’s eyes on Rest on your left or right side. On the first day,I should want to see the people whose kindness, gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living. First I should like to gaze long upon the face of my dear teacher, who opened the outer world to me and accomplished the difficult task of my education with sympathetic tenderness and patience. I should look long into the faces of all my dear friends, imprinting upon my mind the outward evidence of the beauty that is within them. I should take a long walk in the woods and rest my eyes on the beauties of Nature. When darkness had fallen, I should experience the double delight of being able to see by artificial light, which man has created to extend the power of his sight. 第一天，我想看到这些人，他们的善良、温柔和友谊使我的生命值得活下去。首先，我要久久地凝视我亲爱的老师的脸庞，是他为我打开了外部世界，以同情的温柔和耐心完成了教育我的艰巨任务。我要久久地注视着我所有亲爱的朋友们的面孔，把他们内在美的外在证据深深地印在我的脑海里。我应该在树林里散步很长时间，让我的眼睛停留在大自然的美丽上。当夜幕降临的时候，我将体验到一种双重的喜悦，因为我能通过人造光看到东西，这是人类创造出来的，用来扩展他的视力。 companionship n.情谊，友谊 imprint vt.加特征；刻上记号n.印记；痕迹；特征；版本说明 产生重大影响；铭刻；使铭记 •The terrible scenes were indelibly imprinted on his mind.那些恐怖场面深深地铭刻在他的心中。 印；压印 •clothes imprinted with the logos of sports teams印着运动队标志的衣服 I should devote the second day to a hasty glimpse of the world, past and present, and probe into the soul of man through his art. My first destination would be the American Museum of Natural History, where the condensed history of the earth and its inhabitants is displayed. My next stop would be the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where the spirit of Egypt, Greece and Rome, as expressed in their art, is unfolded before me. I should spend the evening at a theatre or at the movies. How I should like to see with my own eyes the fascinating figure of Hamlet, or the hearty Falstaff! 我要用第二天的时间匆匆地浏览一下这个世界，过去和现在，通过艺术来探索人类的灵魂。我的第一个目的地是美国自然历史博物馆，那里展出了地球及其居民的浓缩历史。我的下一站是大都会艺术博物馆，在那里，埃及、希腊和罗马的艺术精神展现在我面前。我应该在剧院或电影院度过这个晚上。我多么想亲眼看看哈姆雷特那迷人的身影，或者是兴高采烈的福斯塔夫! 1. a hasty glimpse of匆匆一瞥 hasty adj.匆忙的，仓促的；草率的，轻率的 (Hasty end草草收场)--adv. hastily匆忙地；急速地；慌忙地--n. haste匆忙；急忙；轻率--hastiness轻率；性急；仓促--v. haste匆忙；赶紧 2. probe into探究，探索 3. hearty adj.热情友好的；精力充沛的，强健的；丰盛的；真挚的，强烈的 The third and last day would be spent in the workday world of the present, so New York City, with so many activities and conditions of men, becomes my destination. I start from my home in a quiet little suburb, and drive across the East River. I look ahead, and before me rise the fantastic towers of New York. I hurry to the top of the Empire State Building, anxious to see with my own eyes the city below me. Then I make a tour of the city. Always my eyes are wide open to all the sights of both happiness and suffering so that I may probe deep and add to my understanding of how people work and live. In the evening I should run away to the theatre, to a genuinely funny play, so that I might appreciate the overtones of comedy in the human spirit. 第三天，也是最后一天，我将在现在的工作日中度过，因此，有如此多的活动和条件的纽约，就成了我的目的地。我从我在一个安静的小郊区的家出发，开车穿过东河。我放眼望去，在我面前耸立着纽约的高楼大厦。我急忙跑到帝国大厦的顶层，急于亲眼看看我脚下的城市。然后我在城里游览了一下。我总是睁大眼睛观察所有的景象，无论是幸福的还是痛苦的，这样我就可以深入探索，增加我对人们如何工作和生活的理解。晚上我要跑到剧院去，去看一场真正有趣的戏剧，这样我就可以欣赏到人类精神中喜剧的隐含意义。 With this short outline of how I should spend three days of sight, I can give one hint to those who see: use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. And the same method can be applied to other senses. Make the most of every sense; glory in all the pleasure and beauty which the world reveals to you through the several means of contact provided by Nature. 通过这篇关于我将如何度过能看见的三天的简短概述，我可以给那些能看见的人一个提示:用你的眼睛，就像明天你就会被打瞎一样。同样的方法也适用于其他感官。充分利用每一种意义;世界通过大自然提供的几种接触方式向你揭示了所有的快乐和美丽，你为此感到自豪。 glory n.光荣，荣誉；（对上帝的）赞颂；壮丽，辉煌；值得称赞的事，引以为豪的成就；欣喜；天堂的荣耀（或福祉）；（尤指耶稣基督或圣人头顶的）光环，光轮 •He came home a rich man, covered in glory .他发迹还乡，荣归故里。 v.（因某事而）欣喜；自豪，得意 1). in one's glory得意；踌躇满志；在某人的鼎盛时期 2). glory in v. 自豪；得意 ( richielee ) ( 20 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $