专题01 名词(可数不可数)(期中复习讲义)七年级英语上学期新教材外研版

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专题01 名词(可数/不可数)(期中复习讲义) 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Starter 1.区分可数名词(可计数,有单复数)与不可数名词(不可计数,无复数) 2. 掌握名词复数的基本变化 单项选择 语法填空 1.注重素养:更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出:借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境,将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显:注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 名词的基本分类 名词根据能否被精确计数,分为可数名词和不可数名词,二者在形式、搭配、用法上有显著区别,是初中英语语法的基础核心考点。 (一)可数名词(Countable Nouns) 定义:指可以被精确计数的人、事物、动物或抽象概念,有明确的 “单个” 或 “多个” 数量概念。 常见类别: 具体事物:book(书)、pen(钢笔)、desk(书桌)、student(学生)、dog(狗) 抽象概念(部分可计数):idea(想法)、plan(计划)、question(问题)、dream(梦想) (二)不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns) 定义:指无法被精确计数的物质、抽象概念、自然现象等,通常只有 “整体” 概念,没有 “单个” 形式。 常见类别: 物质类:water(水)、milk(牛奶)、rice(米饭)、bread(面包)、paper(纸)、oil(油) 抽象类:love(爱)、happiness(幸福)、time(时间)、money(钱)、information(信息)、knowledge(知识) 自然现象:rain(雨)、snow(雪)、wind(风)、sunshine(阳光) 学科 / 语言:maths(数学)、English(英语)、physics(物理)、music(音乐) 知识点02 可数名词的核心考点 (一)单复数形式变化 1. 规则变化(占绝大多数) 变化规则 适用情况 示例 注意事项 直接加 - s 一般名词(无特殊结尾) book→books pen→pens desk→desks student→students 清辅音后读 /s/(books),浊辅音 / 元音后读 /z/(pens, desks) 加 - es 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 bus→buses box→boxes watch→watches brush→brushes 读音均为 /ɪz/ 变 y 为 i 加 - es 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾 baby→babies city→cities story→stories family→families 注意区分 “元音字母 + y”(直接加 - s:boy→boys, toy→toys) 加 - es 或 - s 以 o 结尾 加 - es:tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoe shero→heroes 加 - s:photo→photos radio→radios zoo→zoos piano→pianos 有生命的 “o 结尾名词” 多为加 - es,无生命的多为加 - s 变 f/fe 为 v 加 - es 以 f/fe 结尾 knife→knives leaf→leaves life→lives wife→wives wolf→wolves 部分以 f 结尾的名词直接加 - s:roof→roofs, chief→chiefs, proof→proofs 2. 不规则变化(需特殊记忆) 单数形式 复数形式 类别 记忆技巧 man men 人的性别相关 变 a 为 e:man→men, woman→women child children 年龄相关 特殊后缀:child→children(无规律,强制记忆) foot feet 身体部位 变 oo 为 ee:foot→feet, tooth→teeth mouse mice 动物 特殊变化,注意与 “mouth(嘴)→mouths” 区分 sheep sheep 单复数同形 同形名词:sheep, fish(鱼), deer(鹿), Chinese(中国人), Japanese(日本人) fish fish/fishes 动物 表示 “鱼的条数” 用 fish(单复数同形);表示 “鱼的种类” 用 fishes (二)数量搭配规则 单数形式:必须搭配 “a/an” 或 “one”(表 “一个”),也可搭配 “this/that”(表 “这个 / 那个”)。 易|错|点|拨 正确:a book(一本书)、an apple(一个苹果)、one desk(一张书桌)、this pen(这支钢笔) 错误:book(单独使用单数可数名词,无数量限定)、a water(water 是不可数名词,不能加 a) 复数形式:可搭配 “数词”(two, three)、“many”(许多)、“some”(一些)、“any”(任何 / 一些,用于否定 / 疑问)、“these/those”(这些 / 那些)等。 易|错|点|拨 正确:two books(两本书)、many students(许多学生)、some pens(一些钢笔)、any desks(任何书桌)、these dogs(这些狗) 错误:many water(water 不可数,用 much water) 【即时检测】 1. My little brother has five ______ (toy) cars. He plays with them every afternoon. 2. There are three ______ (baby) in the waiting room. Their mothers are looking after them. 3. Our school library bought twenty new ______ (dictionary) last month. They are all about science. 4. I saw two ______ (policewoman) helping an old man cross the street this morning. 5. These ______ (knife) are very sharp. You must be careful when using them. 知识点02 不可数名词的核心考点 (一)形式特点 无复数形式:不可数名词只有 “原形”,不能加 - s/-es,无论数量多少,形式均不变。 易|错|点|拨 正确:water(水,无论多少水都用 water)、milk(牛奶)、bread(面包) 错误:waters(表 “水域” 时是可数名词,需特殊语境,如 the waters of the lake(湖水),非 “水” 的本意) 不能直接搭配 a/an:不可数名词前不能加 “a/an”,若要表示 “一份 / 一杯 / 一片” 等,需借助 “量词 + of” 结构。 正确:a glass of water(一杯水)、a piece of bread(一片面包)、a cup of milk(一杯牛奶)、a piece of paper(一张纸) 错误:a water(直接加 a,无量词)、a bread(直接加 a,无量词) (二)数量搭配规则 表 “一些 / 许多”: 肯定句:用 “some”(一些)、“much”(许多,修饰不可数名词)、“a lot of/lots of”(许多,可修饰可数 / 不可数)。 示例:some rice(一些米饭)、much money(许多钱)、a lot of time(许多时间)、lots of information(许多信息) 否定句 / 疑问句:用 “any”(任何 / 一些)、“much”(许多)。 示例:Do you have any milk?(你有牛奶吗?)、There isn't much water in the bottle.(瓶子里没有多少水。) 易|错|点|拨(表 “具体数量”:需用 “数词 + 量词(复数)+of” 结构,量词根据名词类别选择。) “数词 + 量词复数 + of” 结构用于明确量化名词,其中量词的选择直接取决于被修饰名词的类别(可数或不可数)或形态(如个体、容器、群体)。 1. 核心用法与分类 根据被修饰名词的类型,量词主要分为以下几类,每类对应不同场景。 量词类别 常见量词 适用名词类型 示例 通用量词 piece (s) 不可数名词(如食物、抽象概念) a piece of bread(一片面包) two pieces of advice(两条建议) 容器量词 bottle(s), box (es) 液体、粉末等(需借助容器计量) a bottle of water(一瓶水) three boxes of milk(三盒牛奶) 群体量词 group(s), pair(s) 可数名词复数(强调群体或成对) a group of students(一群学生) two pairs of shoes(两双鞋) 单位量词 kilogram(s), meter (s) 不可数名词(按重量、长度等计量) a kilogram of rice(一公斤大米) five meters of cloth(五米布) 2. 关键注意事项 量词必须用复数:当数词大于 1 时,量词本身要变复数,如 “two bottles” 而非 “two bottle”。 of 不可省略:该结构中 “of” 是连接量词和名词的必要介词,不能遗漏,如 “a cup of tea” 不能说 “a cup tea”。 名词单复数看本身:被修饰的名词,可数名词用复数(如 “three boxes of apples”),不可数名词用原形(如 “a bag of sugar”)。 易|错|点|拨 (一)“单复数同形” 的可数名词 vs 不可数名词 单复数同形的可数名词:虽形式不变,但本质是可数名词,可搭配数词,表 “数量”。 示例:one sheep(一只羊)、two sheep(两只羊)、three fish(三条鱼) 不可数名词:不能搭配数词,如 “one water”(错误),需用 “a glass of water”(正确) 中考英语易混淆名词(可数 / 不可数)辨析表 易混淆名词 可数 / 不可数 含义与用法示例 paper 不可数 表示 “纸”,需搭配量词使用。例:a piece of paper(一张纸)、three pieces of paper(三张纸) paper 可数 表示 “试卷”“论文”“文件”,有单复数形式。例:a paper(一张试卷 / 一篇论文)、two papers(两张试卷 / 两篇论文) time 不可数 表示 “时间”,无复数形式,常用 “much”“some” 修饰。例:much time(许多时间)、a lot of time(大量时间) time 可数 表示 “次数”“倍数”,有单复数形式。例:three times(三次)、five times(五倍)、one time(一次) work 不可数 表示 “工作”(泛指体力或脑力劳动),无复数形式。例:much work(许多工作)、do work(做工作) work 可数 表示 “作品”(尤指艺术、文学、音乐等),有单复数形式。例:a work of art(一件艺术品)、two works(两件作品) hair 不可数 表示 “头发”(整体概念),无复数形式,常用 “much” 修饰。例:much hair(许多头发)、long hair(长头发) hair 可数 表示 “一根 / 几根头发”(具体数量),有单复数形式。例:a hair(一根头发)、two hairs(两根头发)、find a hair(发现一根头发) (二)“集体名词” 的特殊用法 定义:表示 “一群人 / 一组事物” 的名词,如 family(家庭)、class(班级)、team(团队)、group(组)。 用法规则: 表 “整体” 时,视为单数,动词用单数形式。 示例:My family is big.(我的家庭很大。—— 强调家庭这个整体) 表 “成员” 时,视为复数,动词用复数形式。 示例:My family are watching TV.(我的家人正在看电视。—— 强调家庭成员) (三)“the + 不可数名词” 表特指 不可数名词前加 “the”,表示 “特定的某部分”,不加 “the” 表示 “泛指”。 泛指:Water is important.(水很重要。—— 所有水) 特指:The water in the bottle is clean.(瓶子里的水很干净。—— 特定的水) 【即时检测】 1. Could you please give me a little ______ (sugar)? I want to put it in my coffee. 2. There are three ______ (bottle) of ______ (milk) in the fridge. You can drink one. 3. My mother needs some ______ (flour) to make bread. Could you go to the shop to buy it? 4. We have two ______ (cup) of ______ (tea) for you. They are still warm. 5. The teacher gave us much ______ (advice) on how to improve our English writing. 基础通关(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择 1. There are ______ on the table. A. two bottle of milk B. two bottles of milk C. two bottle of milks D. two bottles of milks 2. I want to buy ______ for my mother. A. a piece of flower B. a piece of flowers C. a bunch of flower D. a bunch of flowers 3. —How much ______ is there in the fridge? —Only a little. A. Eggs B. apples C. juice D. Tomatoes 4. My father usually drinks ______ every morning. A. a cup of coffee B. a cup of coffees C. two cup of coffee D. two cups of coffees 5. There are many ______ in the library. A. Book B. books C. a book D. bookes 6. —Would you like some ______?—Yes, please. A. Potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. a potato 7. This is ______ useful information for us. A.a B. an C. the D. / 8. I have ______ to do today. A. a lot of works B. many work C. much work D. a lot of workes 9. There is ______ “h” and ______ “u” in the word “hour”. A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a 10. How many ______ are there in your school? A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. woman teacher D. women teacher 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. He bought three ______ (box) of ______ (apple) yesterday. 2.There is some ______ (bread) and two ______ (egg) on the plate. 3.My mother often tells me two ______ (story) before I go to bed. 4.How much ______ (milk) do you need every day? 5.There are many ______ (child) playing in the park. 6.I have a new pen. ______ (it) color is black. 7.There ______ (be) a lot of water in the bottle. 8.This is ______ (Tom) book. He left it here yesterday. 9.My favorite subject is ______ (China). I can speak it well. 10.There are two ______ (knife) on the desk. Be careful! 重难突破(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择 1. —How ______ is the red sweater?—It's 80 yuan. A. many B. much C. long D. Often 2. There ______ some good news in today's newspaper. A. Is B. are C. have D. Has 3. My brother has ______ friends. He often plays with them.A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. Few 4. —Can I help you? —I want ______ paper. I need to write a letter. A. A B. an C. some D. Any 5. This pair of shoes ______ very nice. I want to buy ______. A. is; it B. are; them C. is; them D. are; it 6. There are ______ people in the supermarket on weekends. A. too much B. much too C. too many D. many too 7. —How ______ honey do we need for the cake?—One spoon. A. Many B. much C. long D. Often 8. I don't like ______ because it’s not healthy. A. potato chip B. potatoes chips C. potato chips D. potatos chips 9. There ______ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. A. Is B. are C. have D. has 10. He gave me ______ useful advice on how to learn English well. A. A B. an C. the D. / 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Could you please give me two ______ (glass) of ______ (orange) juice? 2.There are five ______ (sheep) on the farm. They are very lovely. 3.How many ______ (month) are there in a year? 4.My father has a lot of ______ (experience) in teaching English. 5.There ______ (be) some ______ (tomato) and ______ (onion) in the basket. 6.______ (this) ______ (watch) are very expensive. They are from Switzerland. 7.My mother usually buys ______ (a) kilo of ______ (fish) for dinner. 8.There is ______ (little) water in the bottle. We need to buy some. 9.______ (that) ______ (child) are playing games happily in the yard. 10.This is ______ (Lucy and Lily) room. They share it together. 易混易错(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择 1. —Would you like ______ tea?—No, thanks. I’d like ______ coffee. A. some; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some 2. There ______ a lot of ______ in the sky. It's going to rain. A. is; cloud B. are; clouds C. is; clouds D. are; cloud 3. My sister has ______ hair. It's very beautiful. A. long black curly B. black long curly C. curly black long D. long curly black 4. —How ______ are the trousers?—They are 90 yuan. A. Many B. much C. long D. Often 5. I have ______ English book and ______ math book. A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a 6. There are ______ students in our class. Thirty are boys and twenty are girls. A. Forty B. fifty C. sixty D. Seventy 7. —Can I have ______ bread?—Sorry, there's ______ left. A. some; little B. any; little C. some; few D. any; few 8. This kind of ______ is very popular among young people. A. Shoe B. shoes C. a shoe D. Shoees 9. There ______ two ______ and a pen in my pencil-box. A. is; ruler B. are; rulers C. is; rulers D. are; ruler 10. My father usually reads ______ newspaper after dinner. A. a B. an C. the D. / 二、适当形式填空 1. There are three ______ (woman doctor) in the hospital. They are very kind. 2. I have ______ (a few) money with me. I can't buy this expensive book. 3. How many ______ (radio) are there in your home? 4. There is ______ (a lot) rain in our city this year. 5. My uncle gave me two ______ (box) of ______ (chocolate) as a gift. 3 / 3 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题01 名词(可数/不可数)(期中复习讲义) 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Starter 1.区分可数名词(可计数,有单复数)与不可数名词(不可计数,无复数) 2. 掌握名词复数的基本变化 单项选择 语法填空 1.注重素养:更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出:借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境,将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显:注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 名词的基本分类 名词根据能否被精确计数,分为可数名词和不可数名词,二者在形式、搭配、用法上有显著区别,是初中英语语法的基础核心考点。 (一)可数名词(Countable Nouns) 定义:指可以被精确计数的人、事物、动物或抽象概念,有明确的 “单个” 或 “多个” 数量概念。 常见类别: 具体事物:book(书)、pen(钢笔)、desk(书桌)、student(学生)、dog(狗) 抽象概念(部分可计数):idea(想法)、plan(计划)、question(问题)、dream(梦想) (二)不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns) 定义:指无法被精确计数的物质、抽象概念、自然现象等,通常只有 “整体” 概念,没有 “单个” 形式。 常见类别: 物质类:water(水)、milk(牛奶)、rice(米饭)、bread(面包)、paper(纸)、oil(油) 抽象类:love(爱)、happiness(幸福)、time(时间)、money(钱)、information(信息)、knowledge(知识) 自然现象:rain(雨)、snow(雪)、wind(风)、sunshine(阳光) 学科 / 语言:maths(数学)、English(英语)、physics(物理)、music(音乐) 知识点02 可数名词的核心考点 (一)单复数形式变化 1. 规则变化(占绝大多数) 变化规则 适用情况 示例 注意事项 直接加 - s 一般名词(无特殊结尾) book→books pen→pens desk→desks student→students 清辅音后读 /s/(books),浊辅音 / 元音后读 /z/(pens, desks) 加 - es 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 bus→buses box→boxes watch→watches brush→brushes 读音均为 /ɪz/ 变 y 为 i 加 - es 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾 baby→babies city→cities story→stories family→families 注意区分 “元音字母 + y”(直接加 - s:boy→boys, toy→toys) 加 - es 或 - s 以 o 结尾 加 - es:tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoe shero→heroes 加 - s:photo→photos radio→radios zoo→zoos piano→pianos 有生命的 “o 结尾名词” 多为加 - es,无生命的多为加 - s 变 f/fe 为 v 加 - es 以 f/fe 结尾 knife→knives leaf→leaves life→lives wife→wives wolf→wolves 部分以 f 结尾的名词直接加 - s:roof→roofs, chief→chiefs, proof→proofs 2. 不规则变化(需特殊记忆) 单数形式 复数形式 类别 记忆技巧 man men 人的性别相关 变 a 为 e:man→men, woman→women child children 年龄相关 特殊后缀:child→children(无规律,强制记忆) foot feet 身体部位 变 oo 为 ee:foot→feet, tooth→teeth mouse mice 动物 特殊变化,注意与 “mouth(嘴)→mouths” 区分 sheep sheep 单复数同形 同形名词:sheep, fish(鱼), deer(鹿), Chinese(中国人), Japanese(日本人) fish fish/fishes 动物 表示 “鱼的条数” 用 fish(单复数同形);表示 “鱼的种类” 用 fishes (二)数量搭配规则 单数形式:必须搭配 “a/an” 或 “one”(表 “一个”),也可搭配 “this/that”(表 “这个 / 那个”)。 易|错|点|拨 正确:a book(一本书)、an apple(一个苹果)、one desk(一张书桌)、this pen(这支钢笔) 错误:book(单独使用单数可数名词,无数量限定)、a water(water 是不可数名词,不能加 a) 复数形式:可搭配 “数词”(two, three)、“many”(许多)、“some”(一些)、“any”(任何 / 一些,用于否定 / 疑问)、“these/those”(这些 / 那些)等。 易|错|点|拨 正确:two books(两本书)、many students(许多学生)、some pens(一些钢笔)、any desks(任何书桌)、these dogs(这些狗) 错误:many water(water 不可数,用 much water) 【即时检测】 1. My little brother has five ______ (toy) cars. He plays with them every afternoon. 【答案】toy 【解析】“toy” 在此处作定语修饰 “cars”,名词作定语时通常用单数形式,无需变复数。 2. There are three ______ (baby) in the waiting room. Their mothers are looking after them. 【答案】babies 【解析】“three” 修饰可数名词复数,“baby” 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾,变复数需改 “y” 为 “i” 加 “es”,即 “babies”。 3. Our school library bought twenty new ______ (dictionary) last month. They are all about science. 【答案】dictionaries 【解析】“twenty” 提示用复数,“dictionary” 以 “-y” 结尾且 “y” 前是辅音,变复数为 “dictionaries”。 4. I saw two ______ (policewoman) helping an old man cross the street this morning. 【答案】policewomen 【解析】“policewoman” 的复数形式为特殊变化,需将 “woman” 变为 “women”,即 “policewomen”。 5. These ______ (knife) are very sharp. You must be careful when using them. 【答案】knives 【解析】“these” 后接可数名词复数,“knife” 以 “-fe” 结尾,变复数需改 “fe” 为 “v” 加 “es”,即 “knives”。 知识点02 不可数名词的核心考点 (一)形式特点 无复数形式:不可数名词只有 “原形”,不能加 - s/-es,无论数量多少,形式均不变。 易|错|点|拨 正确:water(水,无论多少水都用 water)、milk(牛奶)、bread(面包) 错误:waters(表 “水域” 时是可数名词,需特殊语境,如 the waters of the lake(湖水),非 “水” 的本意) 不能直接搭配 a/an:不可数名词前不能加 “a/an”,若要表示 “一份 / 一杯 / 一片” 等,需借助 “量词 + of” 结构。 正确:a glass of water(一杯水)、a piece of bread(一片面包)、a cup of milk(一杯牛奶)、a piece of paper(一张纸) 错误:a water(直接加 a,无量词)、a bread(直接加 a,无量词) (二)数量搭配规则 表 “一些 / 许多”: 肯定句:用 “some”(一些)、“much”(许多,修饰不可数名词)、“a lot of/lots of”(许多,可修饰可数 / 不可数)。 示例:some rice(一些米饭)、much money(许多钱)、a lot of time(许多时间)、lots of information(许多信息) 否定句 / 疑问句:用 “any”(任何 / 一些)、“much”(许多)。 示例:Do you have any milk?(你有牛奶吗?)、There isn't much water in the bottle.(瓶子里没有多少水。) 易|错|点|拨(表 “具体数量”:需用 “数词 + 量词(复数)+of” 结构,量词根据名词类别选择。) “数词 + 量词复数 + of” 结构用于明确量化名词,其中量词的选择直接取决于被修饰名词的类别(可数或不可数)或形态(如个体、容器、群体)。 1. 核心用法与分类 根据被修饰名词的类型,量词主要分为以下几类,每类对应不同场景。 量词类别 常见量词 适用名词类型 示例 通用量词 piece (s) 不可数名词(如食物、抽象概念) a piece of bread(一片面包) two pieces of advice(两条建议) 容器量词 bottle(s), box (es) 液体、粉末等(需借助容器计量) a bottle of water(一瓶水) three boxes of milk(三盒牛奶) 群体量词 group(s), pair(s) 可数名词复数(强调群体或成对) a group of students(一群学生) two pairs of shoes(两双鞋) 单位量词 kilogram(s), meter (s) 不可数名词(按重量、长度等计量) a kilogram of rice(一公斤大米) five meters of cloth(五米布) 2. 关键注意事项 量词必须用复数:当数词大于 1 时,量词本身要变复数,如 “two bottles” 而非 “two bottle”。 of 不可省略:该结构中 “of” 是连接量词和名词的必要介词,不能遗漏,如 “a cup of tea” 不能说 “a cup tea”。 名词单复数看本身:被修饰的名词,可数名词用复数(如 “three boxes of apples”),不可数名词用原形(如 “a bag of sugar”)。 易|错|点|拨 (一)“单复数同形” 的可数名词 vs 不可数名词 单复数同形的可数名词:虽形式不变,但本质是可数名词,可搭配数词,表 “数量”。 示例:one sheep(一只羊)、two sheep(两只羊)、three fish(三条鱼) 不可数名词:不能搭配数词,如 “one water”(错误),需用 “a glass of water”(正确) 中考英语易混淆名词(可数 / 不可数)辨析表 易混淆名词 可数 / 不可数 含义与用法示例 paper 不可数 表示 “纸”,需搭配量词使用。例:a piece of paper(一张纸)、three pieces of paper(三张纸) paper 可数 表示 “试卷”“论文”“文件”,有单复数形式。例:a paper(一张试卷 / 一篇论文)、two papers(两张试卷 / 两篇论文) time 不可数 表示 “时间”,无复数形式,常用 “much”“some” 修饰。例:much time(许多时间)、a lot of time(大量时间) time 可数 表示 “次数”“倍数”,有单复数形式。例:three times(三次)、five times(五倍)、one time(一次) work 不可数 表示 “工作”(泛指体力或脑力劳动),无复数形式。例:much work(许多工作)、do work(做工作) work 可数 表示 “作品”(尤指艺术、文学、音乐等),有单复数形式。例:a work of art(一件艺术品)、two works(两件作品) hair 不可数 表示 “头发”(整体概念),无复数形式,常用 “much” 修饰。例:much hair(许多头发)、long hair(长头发) hair 可数 表示 “一根 / 几根头发”(具体数量),有单复数形式。例:a hair(一根头发)、two hairs(两根头发)、find a hair(发现一根头发) (二)“集体名词” 的特殊用法 定义:表示 “一群人 / 一组事物” 的名词,如 family(家庭)、class(班级)、team(团队)、group(组)。 用法规则: 表 “整体” 时,视为单数,动词用单数形式。 示例:My family is big.(我的家庭很大。—— 强调家庭这个整体) 表 “成员” 时,视为复数,动词用复数形式。 示例:My family are watching TV.(我的家人正在看电视。—— 强调家庭成员) (三)“the + 不可数名词” 表特指 不可数名词前加 “the”,表示 “特定的某部分”,不加 “the” 表示 “泛指”。 泛指:Water is important.(水很重要。—— 所有水) 特指:The water in the bottle is clean.(瓶子里的水很干净。—— 特定的水) 【即时检测】 1. Could you please give me a little ______ (sugar)? I want to put it in my coffee. 【答案】sugar 【解析】“sugar” 是不可数名词,无复数形式,“a little” 可直接修饰不可数名词,故填原形。 2. There are three ______ (bottle) of ______ (milk) in the fridge. You can drink one. 【答案】bottles;milk 【解析】“bottle” 是可数名词,“three” 后需用复数 “bottles”;“milk” 是不可数名词,始终用原形。 3. My mother needs some ______ (flour) to make bread. Could you go to the shop to buy it? 【答案】flour 【解析】“flour”(面粉)是不可数名词,无复数形式,“some” 可修饰不可数名词,故填原形。 4. We have two ______ (cup) of ______ (tea) for you. They are still warm. 【答案】cups;tea 【解析】“cup” 是可数名词,“two” 后用复数 “cups”;“tea” 是不可数名词,无需变复数,用原形即可。 5. The teacher gave us much ______ (advice) on how to improve our English writing. 【答案】advice 【解析】“advice” 是不可数名词,无复数形式,“much” 专门修饰不可数名词,故填原形。 基础通关(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择 1. There are ______ on the table. A. two bottle of milk B. two bottles of milk C. two bottle of milks D. two bottles of milks 【答案】B 【解析】“milk” 是不可数名词,无复数形式,排除 C、D;数词 “two” 后量词 “bottle” 需用复数 “bottles”,故选 B。 2. I want to buy ______ for my mother. A. a piece of flower B. a piece of flowers C. a bunch of flower D. a bunch of flowers 【答案】D 【解析】“flower” 是可数名词,“a bunch of” 后接可数名词复数,“a piece of” 不用于修饰 “flower”,故选 D。 3. —How much ______ is there in the fridge? —Only a little. A. Eggs B. apples C. juice D. Tomatoes 【答案】C 【解析】“How much” 用于修饰不可数名词,A、B、D 均为可数名词复数,“juice” 是不可数名词,故选 C。 4. My father usually drinks ______ every morning. A. a cup of coffee B. a cup of coffees C. two cup of coffee D. two cups of coffees 【答案】A 【解析】“coffee” 不可数,无复数,排除 B、D;“two” 后 “cup” 需用 “cups”,C 错误,故选 A。 5. There are many ______ in the library. A. Book B. books C. a book D. bookes 【答案】B 【解析】“many” 修饰可数名词复数,“book” 的复数是 “books”,故选 B。 6. —Would you like some ______?—Yes, please. A. Potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. a potato 【答案】C 【解析】“some” 可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,“potato” 复数是 “potatoes”,故选 C。 7. This is ______ useful information for us. A.a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】D 【解析】“information” 是不可数名词,不能用不定冠词 “a/an” 修饰,此处表泛指,不用定冠词 “the”,故选 D。 8. I have ______ to do today. A. a lot of works B. many work C. much work D. a lot of workes 【答案】C 【解析】“work” 表示 “工作” 时不可数,无复数,排除 A、D;“many” 修饰可数名词复数,“much” 修饰不可数名词,故选 C。 9. There is ______ “h” and ______ “u” in the word “hour”. A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a 【答案】B 【解析】“h” 发音以元音音素开头,用 “an”;“u” 发音以辅音音素开头,用 “a”,故选 B。 10. How many ______ are there in your school? A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. woman teacher D. women teacher 【答案】B 【解析】“How many” 后接可数名词复数,“woman teacher” 的复数是 “women teachers”,故选 B。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. He bought three ______ (box) of ______ (apple) yesterday. 【答案】boxes;apples 【解析】数词 “three” 后量词 “box” 用复数 “boxes”;“apple” 是可数名词,“three boxes of” 后接复数 “apples”。 2.There is some ______ (bread) and two ______ (egg) on the plate. 【答案】bread;eggs 【解析】“some” 修饰不可数名词 “bread”,“bread” 无复数;“two” 后 “egg” 用复数 “eggs”。 3.My mother often tells me two ______ (story) before I go to bed. 【答案】stories 【解析】“two” 修饰可数名词复数,“story” 的复数是 “stories”。 4.How much ______ (milk) do you need every day? 【答案】milk 【解析】“How much” 修饰不可数名词,“milk” 无复数形式。 5.There are many ______ (child) playing in the park. 【答案】children 【解析】“many” 修饰可数名词复数,“child” 的复数是 “children”。 6.I have a new pen. ______ (it) color is black. 【答案】Its 【解析】此处需形容词性物主代词修饰 “color”,“it” 的形容词性物主代词是 “Its”。 7.There ______ (be) a lot of water in the bottle. 【答案】is 【解析】“water” 是不可数名词,be 动词用 “is”。 8.This is ______ (Tom) book. He left it here yesterday. 【答案】Tom's 【解析】此处表所属关系,用名词所有格 “Tom's”。 9.My favorite subject is ______ (China). I can speak it well. 【答案】Chinese 【解析】表示 “语文” 学科时,用 “Chinese”,“China” 指 “中国”。 10.There are two ______ (knife) on the desk. Be careful! 【答案】knives 【解析】“two” 后接可数名词复数,“knife” 的复数是 “knives”。 重难突破(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择 1. —How ______ is the red sweater?—It's 80 yuan. A. many B. much C. long D. Often 【答案】B 【解析】询问价格用 “How much”,“How many” 问数量,“How long” 问长度,“How often” 问频率,故选 B。 2. There ______ some good news in today's newspaper. A. Is B. are C. have D. Has 【答案】A 【解析】“news” 是不可数名词,there be 句型中 be 动词用 “is”,there be 与 have/has 不能同时使用,故选 A。 3. My brother has ______ friends. He often plays with them.A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. Few 【答案】C 【解析】“friends” 是可数名词复数,“a little” 和 “little” 修饰不可数名词,排除 A、B;“a few” 表 “一些”,“few” 表 “几乎没有”,结合语境选 C。 4. —Can I help you? —I want ______ paper. I need to write a letter. A. A B. an C. some D. Any 【答案】C 【解析】“paper” 表示 “纸” 时不可数,不能用 “a/an”,此处表请求,用 “some” 不用 “any”,故选 C。 5. This pair of shoes ______ very nice. I want to buy ______. A. is; it B. are; them C. is; them D. are; it 【答案】C 【解析】“this pair of shoes” 中主语是 “pair”,be 动词用 “is”;指代 “shoes” 用 “them”,故选 C。 6. There are ______ people in the supermarket on weekends. A. too much B. much too C. too many D. many too 【答案】C 【解析】“people” 是可数名词复数,“too much” 修饰不可数名词,“much too” 修饰形容词 / 副词,“too many” 修饰可数名词复数,无 “many too”,故选 C。 7. —How ______ honey do we need for the cake?—One spoon. A. Many B. much C. long D. Often 【答案】B 【解析】“honey” 是不可数名词,询问不可数名词数量用 “How much”,故选 B。 8. I don't like ______ because it’s not healthy. A. potato chip B. potatoes chips C. potato chips D. potatos chips 【答案】C 【解析】“potato chip” 的复数是 “potato chips”,“potato” 作定语时用单数,故选 C。 9. There ______ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. A. Is B. are C. have D. has 【答案】A 【解析】there be 句型遵循 “就近原则”,靠近 be 动词的 “a pen” 是单数,be 动词用 “is”,故选 A。 10. He gave me ______ useful advice on how to learn English well. A. A B. an C. the D. / 【答案】D 【解析】“advice” 是不可数名词,不能用 “a/an” 修饰,此处表泛指,不用 “the”,故选 D。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Could you please give me two ______ (glass) of ______ (orange) juice? 【答案】glasses;orange 【解析】“two” 后 “glass” 用复数 “glasses”;“orange juice” 表示 “橙汁”,“orange” 此处作定语,用单数。 2.There are five ______ (sheep) on the farm. They are very lovely. 【答案】sheep 【解析】“sheep” 单复数同形,“five” 后仍用 “sheep”。 3.How many ______ (month) are there in a year? 【答案】months 【解析】“How many” 后接可数名词复数,“month” 的复数是 “months”。 4.My father has a lot of ______ (experience) in teaching English. 【答案】experience 【解析】“experience” 表示 “经验” 时不可数,无复数形式。 5.There ______ (be) some ______ (tomato) and ______ (onion) in the basket. 【答案】are;tomatoes;onions 【解析】there be 句型遵循 “就近原则”,“some tomatoes” 是复数,be 动词用 “are”;“tomato” 复数 “tomatoes”,“onion” 复数 “onions”。 6.______ (this) ______ (watch) are very expensive. They are from Switzerland. 【答案】These;watches 【解析】“are” 提示主语是复数,“this” 的复数是 “these”,“watch” 的复数是 “watches”。 7.My mother usually buys ______ (a) kilo of ______ (fish) for dinner. 【答案】a;fish 【解析】“kilo” 是可数名词单数,且发音以辅音音素开头,用 “a”;“fish” 表示 “鱼肉” 时不可数,用原形。 8.There is ______ (little) water in the bottle. We need to buy some. 【答案】little 【解析】结合 “need to buy some” 可知瓶里几乎没水,“little” 表 “几乎没有”,修饰不可数名词 “water”。 9.______ (that) ______ (child) are playing games happily in the yard. 【答案】Those;children 【解析】“are” 提示主语复数,“that” 的复数 “those”,“child” 的复数 “children”。 10.This is ______ (Lucy and Lily) room. They share it together. 【答案】Lucy and Lily's 【解析】表示两人共有的房间,只在最后一个名词后加 “'s”。 易混易错(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择 1. —Would you like ______ tea?—No, thanks. I’d like ______ coffee. A. some; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some 【答案】A 【解析】在表示请求、建议的疑问句中,用 “some” 不用 “any”;肯定句中用 “some”,故选 A。 2. There ______ a lot of ______ in the sky. It's going to rain. A. is; cloud B. are; clouds C. is; clouds D. are; cloud 【答案】B 【解析】“cloud” 表示 “云朵” 时可数,“a lot of” 后接复数 “clouds”,be 动词用 “are”,故选 B。 3. My sister has ______ hair. It's very beautiful. A. long black curly B. black long curly C. curly black long D. long curly black 【答案】D 【解析】多个形容词修饰名词时,顺序是 “长短 + 形状 + 颜色”,故选 D。 4. —How ______ are the trousers?—They are 90 yuan. A. Many B. much C. long D. Often 【答案】B 【解析】询问价格用 “How much”,“trousers” 虽为复数,但此处问价格,故选 B。 5. I have ______ English book and ______ math book. A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a 【答案】D 【解析】“English” 发音以元音音素开头,用 “an”;“math” 发音以辅音音素开头,用 “a”,故选 D。 6. There are ______ students in our class. Thirty are boys and twenty are girls. A. Forty B. fifty C. sixty D. Seventy 【答案】B 【解析】30 名男生加 20 名女生共 50 名学生,故选 B。 7. —Can I have ______ bread?—Sorry, there's ______ left. A. some; little B. any; little C. some; few D. any; few 【答案】A 【解析】请求语气用 “some”;“bread” 不可数,“little” 修饰不可数名词,“few” 修饰可数名词,故选 A。 8. This kind of ______ is very popular among young people. A. Shoe B. shoes C. a shoe D. Shoees 【答案】B 【解析】“this kind of” 后接可数名词复数,“shoe” 的复数是 “shoes”,故选 B。 9. There ______ two ______ and a pen in my pencil-box. A. is; ruler B. are; rulers C. is; rulers D. are; ruler 【答案】B 【解析】there be 就近原则,“two” 后接复数 “rulers”,be 动词用 “are”,故选 B。 10. My father usually reads ______ newspaper after dinner. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】“newspaper” 表示 “一份报纸” 时可数,发音以辅音音素开头,用 “a”,故选 A。 二、适当形式填空 1. There are three ______ (woman doctor) in the hospital. They are very kind. 【答案】women doctors 【解析】“woman doctor” 的复数是 “women doctors”,两个名词都变复数。 2. I have ______ (a few) money with me. I can't buy this expensive book. 【答案】a little 【解析】“money” 不可数,“a few” 修饰可数名词,“a little” 修饰不可数名词,结合语境用 “a little”。 3. How many ______ (radio) are there in your home? 【答案】radios 【解析】“radio” 的复数是 “radios”,不是 “radioes”。 4. There is ______ (a lot) rain in our city this year. 【答案】a lot of/lots of 【解析】“a lot” 是副词短语,不能修饰名词,修饰名词 “rain” 用 “a lot of” 或 “lots of”。 5. My uncle gave me two ______ (box) of ______ (chocolate) as a gift. 【答案】boxes;chocolate 【解析】“two” 后 “box” 用 “boxes”;“chocolate” 表示 “巧克力” 时不可数,用原形。 3 / 3 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题01 名词(可数不可数)(期中复习讲义)七年级英语上学期新教材外研版
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专题01 名词(可数不可数)(期中复习讲义)七年级英语上学期新教材外研版
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专题01 名词(可数不可数)(期中复习讲义)七年级英语上学期新教材外研版
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