Unit 2 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures（分层作业）英语人教版必修第二册

Unit 2 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures分层练习 1 一、单项选择 1 二、单句语法填空 2 3 一、根据汉语意思完成句子 3 二、语法填空 3 4 一、阅读理解 4 二、完形填空 6 三、七选五 7 8 一、语法小结 8 二、语法检测 9 一、单项选择 1．Students are encouraged to manage their own learning, ________ just depending on the teacher. A．due to B．rather than C．regardless of D．in terms of 2．Nowadays more and more AI tools ________in education field to make teaching and learning more interesting and effective. A．are being applied B．will be applied C．were applied D．had been applied 3．—Why haven’t you hand in the report on time?—My laptop_______at the service center. A．has repaired B．is repaired C．is being repaired D．will be repaired 4．—Wow, the Tianjin Science and Technology Museum is incredibly crowded today! —Yeah, that’s because the new intelligent robot exhibits ______ in there. A．are displayed B．have displayed C．are being displayed D．have been displayed 5．I have to go to school by bus today because my bike __________. A．has been repaired B．is repairing C．was repaired D．is being repaired 6．We have come by boat, because the bridge ________ at present. A．is built B．has built C．has been built D．is being built 7．The environmental issues in our city ________ seriously by the authorities, and local residents feel ________ to see visible improvements. A．are tackling; relieved B．are being tackled; relieving C．are being tackled; relieved D．are tackled; relieving 8．The new policy ______ carefully by the management team at the moment, and its final version will be shared next week. A．is being discussed B．is discussing C．is discussed D．is being discuss 9．With the development of science, more new technology ______ to the fields of IT. A．has introduced B．is being introduced C．was introduced D．had been introduced 10．Currently, almost 50 percent of jobs, including journalism, ______ with technology that can operate automatically. A．has been replacing B．is being replaced C．have been replacing D．are being replaced 二、单句语法填空 1．Look! A nice picture (draw) for our teacher. 2．Elephants and antelopes (hunt) and the population is becoming smaller and smaller. 3．Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips (classify) now as ecotourism. 4．At present, our surroundings (pollute) faster than ever and it seems that people cannot prevent it. 5．Rainforests (cut) down and burnt at such a speed that they will disappear one day. 6．The problem which (discuss) in the meeting room now is very important to the development of the company. 7．At present, nature parks (build) in different areas of our country and most of them (complete) in about three years. 8．A lot of wild animals (kill) in Africa and I think something must be done to stop it. 9．Would you please keep silent?The weather report (broadcast) and I want to listen. 10．Currently, about 35,000 works (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it will take a lifetime to see everything. 一、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．由于越来越多的栖息地正遭到破坏，竹子被砍伐…… As more and more and most of the bamboo has ... 2．现在正在为您播送的是世界上最大的博物馆——卢浮宫！ from the largest museum on Earth—the Louvre! 3．那个国家的环境正被严重地污染着，以至于所有的人都感到难以忍受。 so badly that all the people can’t stand it. 4．因为我的宿舍正在被重新粉刷，我们下周六在学校对面的咖啡馆见面怎么样？ As my dormitory is , how about opposite our school next Saturday? 5．随着经济的发展，越来越多的温室气体被排放到空气中。 With the development of the economy, more and more greenhouse gases are into the air. 6．当心！不要太靠近那间正在维修屋顶的房子。 Look out! Don’t get too close to the house . 7．垃圾污染的问题变得如此严重，世界上许多城市现在都被垃圾包围。 The problem of garbage pollution is getting so serious that many cities around the world ． 8．每年，数十亿棵树木遭到砍伐，用于人类造纸。 Billions of trees every year to make paper for humans.(cut，现在进行时的被动语态) 二、语法填空 As the major habitat of wild Asian elephants, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province 1 (see) a significant growth in its population of elephants and other wild animals in the past few years. Between January and May of 2021, the number of cases 2 (involve) the destruction of forest resources in the area has declined 3 76.6 percent compared with the same period last year. All of the Asian elephants in Yunnan, the main habitat of the animal, live in the southern part of the province, which covers Xishuangbanna, and the cities of Pu’er and Lincang. Of the three, Xishuangbanna has the 4 (large) number of Asian elephants. 5 (protect) the Asian elephants as well as other wildlife, the prefecture expanded the area of its nature reserves, which nearly doubled from 240 km² in 6 1980s to 414.66 km² in 2021. In 1996, the Wild Elephant Valley 7 (found). It has served as the prefecture’s biggest wild animal rescue centre, 8 more than 1,200 animals have been saved so far. In 2008, China’s first Asian elephant breeding base was also built in the valley. A significant increase in the population of elephants is a 9 (reflect) of these decades-long protection efforts. 10 (know) as the top conservation species in China, the wild Asian elephant has seen its population grow to over 300 now. 一、阅读理解 Have you ever heard the expression “crocodile tears”? The expression reminds us of an amazing animal — The crocodile! First, why are they amazing? Well, crocodiles are experts at survival. Scientists say they first appeared 200 million years ago and have outlived the dinosaurs by some 65 million years. One reason they are such good survivors is that they can go for a very long time without eating. And they are expert hunters! They use their strong jaws to bite their prey (猎物) and then they swallow their food whole. Here’s another fun fact about crocodiles: When they lose a tooth, they grow one right back. A crocodile can go through 8,000 teeth in one lifetime! Okay, while these facts are fascinating, they really do not help to explain today’s expression: crocodile tears. Simply put, “crocodile tears” are fake sadness. You pretend to cry and feel badly for something when in fact… you could not care less. A great word to describe crocodile tears is insincere. But why do tears from an ancient, unfeeling reptile (爬行动物) mean false sadness? Well, the expression “crocodile tears” comes from an old myth that crocodiles would shed tears while eating their prey. Writers on the website Crocodilian.com claim that this myth was in use by the 1200s. A religious worker from that time wrote that if a crocodile found a man by the water, it would kill him if it could. Then the crocodile would cry tears on the man, but then finally swallow him. Another myth about crocodile tears suggests the animals are very crafty indeed. Crocodiles, the story goes, would shed tears as a false show of guilt or grief to trick their prey. The prey would come closer and then become dinner. So, that is the origin of the phrase “crocodile tears.” But, please note. You do not have to have actual tears flowing down your face to have “crocodile tears.” If you fake sadness or regret by using only words, others can still accuse you of having “crocodile tears.” Sometimes, crocodile tears are worse than insincere. Sometimes they are also hypocritical. Those are the times you are showing sadness but actually in your heart, you are quite happy about the situation. 1．What can best explain why crocodiles are good survivors? A．They outlived the dinosaurs by 65 million years. B．They remain alive without food for a long time. C．They have strong jaws and teeth to bite the prey. D．They pretend to shed tears before swallowing a prey. 2．What does the underlined sentence in Para3 mean? A．You care more than anyone else. B．You do care as much as before. C．You don’t care it at all. D．You care no less than others. 3．According to the second myth, why would crocodiles shed tears? A．To show sympathy for the prey. B．To attract the prey’s attention. C．To feel guilty for the dying prey. D．To cheat the prey to get closer. 4．In which of the following situations can you find the employment of “crocodile tears”? A．You feel sorry for your opponent’s failure in a match. B．You feel sad for your friend’s being seriously ill. C．You are jealous of your coworker’s quick promotion. D．You are sad because your application was rejected. Researchers studying the brains of songbirds have found that aging influences the gene expressions that control the birds’ song. The finding could lead to earlier diagnoses and better treatments for human neurodegenerative (神经变性的) disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, which affect vocal production in their early stages. The study found that networks of interacting genes, in a region of the bird’s brain involved with singing, dramatically change as the bird ages. At the center of these networks are “hub genes (key control genes) ” that drive activity of many other genes. A better understanding of the hub genes could be crucial to developing treatments for age-related disorders. Zebra finches (斑胸草雀), native to Australia, have a strikingly similar-looking brain to humans’, particularly the brain movement-control area, which is used for motor function, including speech. The finches also develop their birdsong by copying their parents and other birds around them — the same way humans learn to speak. Perhaps most importantly to researchers, the birdsong is also a measurable marker for changes in the brain, enabling scientists to track changes in sound height, volume, and strength. Researchers recorded the songs of 36 birds, ranging widely in age, and studied how the genes associated with singing began to behave differently as the birds grew older. “There is some hopeful news in that the bird is still able to produce the song behavior, even with the genetic changes, and it suggests that there are also some ways that the bird is adapting to what’s going on in the brain,” says Miller, an associate professor in the neuroscience department. “This might offer recovery methods for humans.” Miller says she hopes further research can shed more light on the changes to the hub genes as the finches age. 1．What role do hub genes play in the gene networks? A．They make other genes function. B．They are direct age-related genes. C．They stay unchanged as birds age. D．They offer treatment to disorders. 2．What primarily makes finches suitable for brain aging research? A．Their brain structure. B．Their singing ability. C．Their relation to humans. D．Their way of learning. 3．How did the researchers measure changes in the birdsong? A．By observing the birds’ daily activities. B．By recording songs of birds of varying ages. C．By comparing songs to human vocal patterns. D．By changing the birds’ sound height of songs. 4．Which factor of songbirds can bring hope to humans in resisting aging? A．Their genetic changes. B．Their ability to adapt to aging. C．Their changes to the hub genes. D．Their act of producing the song. 二、完形填空 Every morning, Betty rushed to her backyard with a small bowl of millet, her steps light with 1 to meet her sparrow. The bird — with soft brown feathers and bright black eyes like tiny beads — always waited on the old wooden 2 , tilting its head now and then to spot her. They first met last spring: Betty found it under the apple tree, its left 3 twisted and weak. She gently picked it up, carried it inside, cleaned the wound with warm water, and fed it soft bread 4 .​ At first, the sparrow feared Betty, fluttering its good wing nervously when she came 5 . But Betty never rushed; she spoke in a soft voice, telling stories of her school or her cat Mimi. Day by day, the bird started to 6 her — even nudging her hand for food. When its wing healed, Betty opened the window, hoping it’d fly home. To her 7 , it didn’t leave. Instead, it sang 8 songs each morning, making the yard lively. Now, they have a sweet routine. The sparrow 9 on Betty’s shoulder as she waters flowers, its claws light so it won’t hurt her. She 10 it “Tweetie” for its clear, sweet chirps. On rainy days, she leaves a cardboard shelter filled with dry grass on the fence — Tweetie flies in at once to stay 11 .​ Betty’s mom often says friendship grows between the most 12 beings. Looking at Tweetie hop by her feet while she reads, sometimes pecking her book gently, Betty knows this is 13 . Those small daily moments — feeding time, the songs, rainy-day shelters — are the 14 part of her life, a little 15 she looks forward to.​ 1．A．excitement B．worry C．tiredness D．anxiety​ 2．A．bench B．wall C．fence D．shelf​ 3．A．wing B．leg C．beak D．tail​ 4．A．loaves B．pies C．slices D．crumbs​ 5．A．down B．far C．up D．near​ 6．A．trust B．avoid C．doubt D．ignore​ 7．A．surprise B．sadness C．anger D．disappointment​ 8．A．dull B．quiet C．cheerful D．low​ 9．A．walks B．perches C．jumps D．stands​ 10．A．called B．named C．gave D．kept​ 11．A．calm B．cool C．warm D．still​ 12．A．common B．similar C．ordinary D．different​ 13．A．wrong B．true C．funny D．strange​ 14．A．hardest B．busiest C．happiest D．longest 15．A．joy B．routine C．judgment D．responsibility 三、七选五 Birdwatching is a fun hobby for many people. Birdwatchers like to look at birds in the wild. They take photos and record the birds’ sounds to learn about their behavior. “I feel my heart beating, my eyes widen and almost automatically (自动地), I start to smile,” Prayitno Goenarto said. 1 Goenarto is a birdwatcher and wildlife photographer from Indonesia. He is now 31 years old. When he became sick in college, his doctor asked him to go out more often for sunlight, exercise and fresh air. 2 A birdwatcher needs to know a lot and be brave and strong. Goenarto spends most of his time working in the wild. He knows where and when to find different kinds of birds. Sometimes he has to go deep into the forest to find the shy birds. 3 He might get lost. He has to look out for snakes and some big animals. Once, Goenarto went to a faraway island to look for some rare birds. It rained heavily every day. He worked in wet clothes for the whole trip. Goenarto loves his work. Birdwatching helps him stay healthy and he can make friends with other birdwatchers. 4 This helps more people learn about birds and take action to protect them. That’s the best part of the job! 5 They study and protect the rare birds. Terry Townshend is a British birdwatcher in China. He has studied Beijing swifts for over ten years. Xu Zhuo protects red-crowned cranes in Heilongjiang. Her father, aunt and grandparents also spent their lifetime looking after the birds. Now the young girl has the job. A．It can be dangerous. B．Most birds are active in the daytime. C．That’s when he started watching birds. D．If we do nothing, there may be none left soon. E．Moreover, he catches wonderful moments of birds. F．In China, there are lots of birdwatchers like Goenarto. G．This is how he feels when he sees a new kind of bird. 一、语法小结 现在进行时的被动语态 1. 含义 现在进行时的被动语态，用于描述现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作 ，即主语是动作的承受者，且动作此刻或当前阶段处于持续进行状态。 2. 构成 由“be (am/is/are) + being + 动词的过去分词”构成，其中“be”随主语人称和数变化（I 用 am，第三人称单数用is，复数等用are），“being”是现在分词形式，辅助体现进行时态，“过去分词”体现被动含义，共同构建现在进行时被动结构。 3. 句式 （1）肯定句式 结构为“主语 + am/is/are + being done...”，即主语作为动作承受者，呈现“正被……（动作）”的状态 。 （2）否定句式 结构是“主语 + am/is/are + not being done...”，在肯定结构基础上加“not”，表达“不是正被……（动作）” 。 （3）一般疑问句式 形式为“Am/Is/Are (not) + 主语 + being done...?”，把“be” 动词提前至句首，用于询问主语是否 “正被……（动作）”，“not”可加在“be”动词后强化否定疑问语气。 （4）特殊疑问句式 结构为“特殊疑问词 + am/is/are (not) + 主语 + being done...?”，特殊疑问词（what/where/when等）用于对动作相关内容（如对象、地点、时间等）提问，聚焦“（在何种情况下）主语正被怎样动作”。 4. 用法 （1）表示说话时正在进行的被动动作 强调此时此刻，主语正处于“被……（动作）”的过程中，动作与说话时刻同步进行 。 （2）表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作 动作不一定在说话瞬间发生，但在当前一段时间内持续进行、反复发生，体现阶段性的被动状态 。 （3）表示一种习惯的被动行为 当某些被动动作因长期、反复出现，形成类似“习惯”的规律性时，可用现在进行时被动语态表达，常搭配 always、constantly 等频度副词，有时含情感色彩（如抱怨、赞扬） 。 （4）表示对正在发生的动作的推测 依据情境、迹象等，推测主语“正被……（动作）”，把被动进行的动作作为一种可能性判断，增添语言对场景的描述、推断功能。 5. 注意 （1）不可遗漏介词 若原主动结构中动词搭配特定介词（如 listen to、look at 等 ），变为被动语态时，介词需保留，保证语义和结构完整。 （2）不可遗漏 being “being”是构成现在进行时被动语态的关键，遗漏后会失去“进行时”表意，使结构变成一般现在时被动（be + 过去分词），混淆时态。 （3）不用于现在进行时的被动语态的动词 一些动词（如表示状态、感官的动词，像 have（表“拥有”）、love、hate、know 等），本身语义侧重状态或静态感受，通常不用现在进行时被动形式，因为 “进行” 的动态语义与它们天然适配度低，强行使用会造成表达怪异、表意不清 。 （4）“be + under/in 等介词 + 名词” 结构 可用来表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义，是一种灵活表意方式，用介词短语替代“being done”结构，简洁传达“正被……（动作关联的抽象概念 ）”。 二、语法检测 1．The teacher is correcting our homework. (改为被动语态) 2．The nurse is taking good care of the patient. (改为被动语态) 3．Our government is taking effective measures to control the air pollution. (改为被动语态) 4．Human beings are killing elephants for their ivories. (改为被动语态) 5．The workers are building the gym and it is said to be open to the public next year. （用现在进行时的被动语态改写句子） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．Look out! Don’t get too close to the house whose roof is under repair. （用现在进行时的被动语态改写句子） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．We are discussing how to spend the summer holidays now. (用被动语态改写句子) 8．The hunter is shooting antelopes for the fur beneath their stomachs. (用被动语态改写) (句型转换) 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures分层练习 1 一、单项选择 1 二、单句语法填空 3 5 一、根据汉语意思完成句子 5 二、语法填空 7 9 一、阅读理解 9 二、完形填空 12 三、七选五 15 16 一、语法小结 16 二、语法检测 18 一、单项选择 1．Students are encouraged to manage their own learning, ________ just depending on the teacher. A．due to B．rather than C．regardless of D．in terms of 2．Nowadays more and more AI tools ________in education field to make teaching and learning more interesting and effective. A．are being applied B．will be applied C．were applied D．had been applied 3．—Why haven’t you hand in the report on time?—My laptop_______at the service center. A．has repaired B．is repaired C．is being repaired D．will be repaired 4．—Wow, the Tianjin Science and Technology Museum is incredibly crowded today! —Yeah, that’s because the new intelligent robot exhibits ______ in there. A．are displayed B．have displayed C．are being displayed D．have been displayed 5．I have to go to school by bus today because my bike __________. A．has been repaired B．is repairing C．was repaired D．is being repaired 6．We have come by boat, because the bridge ________ at present. A．is built B．has built C．has been built D．is being built 7．The environmental issues in our city ________ seriously by the authorities, and local residents feel ________ to see visible improvements. A．are tackling; relieved B．are being tackled; relieving C．are being tackled; relieved D．are tackled; relieving 8．The new policy ______ carefully by the management team at the moment, and its final version will be shared next week. A．is being discussed B．is discussing C．is discussed D．is being discuss 9．With the development of science, more new technology ______ to the fields of IT. A．has introduced B．is being introduced C．was introduced D．had been introduced 10．Currently, almost 50 percent of jobs, including journalism, ______ with technology that can operate automatically. A．has been replacing B．is being replaced C．have been replacing D．are being replaced 【答案】 1．B 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：鼓励学生自主管理学习，而非仅仅依赖老师。A. due to由于；B. rather than而非，而不是；C. regardless of不管，不顾；D. in terms of就……而言。根据“manage their own learning”和“just depending on the teacher”可知，此处指鼓励自主管理学习而非仅仅依靠老师。故选B。 2．A 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：如今，越来越多的人工智能工具被应用于教育领域，使教学更加有趣和高效。根据时间状语“Nowadays”可知，句子描述的是现在正在发生的事情，且主语AI tools与动词apply之间为被动关系，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态。故选A项。 3．C 【详解】考查时态。句意：——你为什么没有按时交报告？——我的笔记本电脑正在服务中心修理。根据Why haven’t you hand in the report on time?可知，应用现在进行时，根据动词repair与主语laptop之间存在被动关系，笔记本电脑正在服务中心被修理，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C项。 4．C 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：——哇，天津科技博物馆今天人可真多啊！——是的，这是因为那里正在展出新的智能机器人模型。主语the new intelligent robot exhibits are being与谓语构成被动关系，且正在发生用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are。故选C。 5．D 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：我今天必须坐公共汽车去上学，因为我的自行车正在被修理。根据句意可知，修理自行车的动作正在进行，所以我今天必须坐公共汽车去上学，“bike”和“repair”为被动关系，故句子为现在进行时的被动语态，谓语动词为“am/is/are being done”，“bike”与“is”连用，“repair”的过去分词为“repaired”，故空格处应用“is being repaired”。故选D项。 6．D 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：我们是乘船来的，因为目前桥正在修建中。本空为because引导原因状语从句的谓语，根据时间状语at present可知，从句描述现在正在进行的动作，时态用现在进行时，且从句主语the bridge与build“修建”为被动关系，所以用现在进行时态的被动语态，主语the bridge是第三人称单数，所以be动词需用is，填is being built。故选D。 7．C 【详解】考查时态和非谓语。句意：我们城市的环境问题正受到当局的认真处理，当地居民看到明显的改善感到欣慰。分析句子可知，第一空考查谓语动词，The environmental issues与tackle为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里时态可用现在进行时表现在状态；第二空应填relieved，表“感到宽慰的”，在本句中作表语，修饰人，符合语境。故选C项。 8．A 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：目前，管理团队正在仔细讨论新政策，最终版本将于下周公布。根据“at the moment”可知此处是描述正在发生的事情，且主语policy和动词discuss之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态，故选A。 9．B 【详解】考查时态语态。句意，随着科学的发展，越来越多的新技术被引入信息技术领域。表示现阶段正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。且主语new technology与动作introduce之间是被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，故选B。 10．D 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：目前，包括新闻业在内的近50%的工作岗位正在被可以自动操作的技术所取代。根据句中Currently可知，句子陈述的是现在正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，且句子主语almost 50 percent of jobs与replace之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，almost 50 percent of jobs是复数，be动词用are。故选D。 二、单句语法填空 1．Look! A nice picture (draw) for our teacher. 2．Elephants and antelopes (hunt) and the population is becoming smaller and smaller. 3．Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips (classify) now as ecotourism. 4．At present, our surroundings (pollute) faster than ever and it seems that people cannot prevent it. 5．Rainforests (cut) down and burnt at such a speed that they will disappear one day. 6．The problem which (discuss) in the meeting room now is very important to the development of the company. 7．At present, nature parks (build) in different areas of our country and most of them (complete) in about three years. 8．A lot of wild animals (kill) in Africa and I think something must be done to stop it. 9．Would you please keep silent?The weather report (broadcast) and I want to listen. 10．Currently, about 35,000 works (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it will take a lifetime to see everything. 【答案】 1．is being drawn 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：看！一幅给我们老师的漂亮的画正在被画。设空处为谓语动词，根据“Look!”可知，此处表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，且picture与draw之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are being done”，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is being drawn。 2．are being hunted 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：大象和羚羊正被猎杀，它们的数量变得越来越少。根据句意及“the population is becoming smaller and smaller”可知，此处表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，应用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are being + 过去分词”；主语“Elephants and antelopes”为复数，be动词应用are，hunt的过去分词为hunted。故填are being hunted。 3．are being classified 【详解】考查动词时态语态以及主谓一致。句意：由于与环境有关的旅游和探险旅游越来越受欢迎，各种类型的旅游现在都被归类为生态旅游。various types of trips(各种类型的旅游)作主语，所填词作谓语，根据now可知，所填词要用现在进行时，主语是复数名词，和classify为被动关系，要用现在进行时的被动语态结构are being+过去分词，classify的过去分词要把y改为i再加-ed。故填are being classified。 4．are being polluted 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：目前，我们的环境被污染的速度比以往任何时候都快，而且人们似乎无法阻止其发生。时间状语At present意为“现在”，结合语境可知，此处表示污染的动作正在发生，且and前的并列分句的主语our surroundings与pollute之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。主语为复数，谓语也应用复数形式。故填are being polluted. 5．are being cut 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：热带雨林正以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁，以至于总有一天它们会消失。从will disappear可推断出，热带雨林应该是正在被砍伐，所以应用现在进行时；主语Rainforests与cut down之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态；主语是复数，谓语也应用复数形式。故填are being cut。 6．is being discussed 【详解】考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：现在会议室内正在商讨的问题对这家公司的发展尤为重要。“which ____ (discuss) in the meeting room now”是定语从句，修饰先行词The problem，关系词which在从句中作主语，与所给动词discuss之间是被动关系，结合时间状语now可知，此处应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语which指代单数名词The problem，be动词用is。故填is being discussed。 7．are being built will be completed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意： 现在，我们国家的不同地区正在建设自然公园，其中大部分将在大约三年内建成。根据时间状语At present可知，第一空应用现在进行时，nature parks和build之间为被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态；根据in about three years可知，第二空应用一般将来时，most of them中的them指代nature parks，most of them与complete之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填are being built； will be completed。 8．are being killed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：很多野生动物在非洲正被猎杀，我认为必须采取措施来阻止这种行为。根据后文I think something must be done to stop it可知表示正在进行的动作，且主语wild animals与谓语动词kill之间构成被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为复数，谓语动词用复数。故填are being killed。 9．is being broadcast 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：请你保持安静好吗？正在播报天气预报，我想听。根据语境“想要听”可知，天气预报此刻正在被播报，应用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are + being + 过去分词”，主语“The weather report”是单数，be动词用is，broadcast的过去分词是broadcast。故填is being broadcast。 10．are being displayed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：目前，大约有35000件作品在卢浮宫的300多个房间里展出，要看完所有的作品需要一辈子的时间。空处作前句谓语，句子描述正在进行的动作，且display与主语about 35,000 works之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语about 35,000 works是复数，be动词使用are。故填are being displayed。 一、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．由于越来越多的栖息地正遭到破坏，竹子被砍伐…… As more and more and most of the bamboo has ... 2．现在正在为您播送的是世界上最大的博物馆——卢浮宫！ from the largest museum on Earth—the Louvre! 3．那个国家的环境正被严重地污染着，以至于所有的人都感到难以忍受。 so badly that all the people can’t stand it. 4．因为我的宿舍正在被重新粉刷，我们下周六在学校对面的咖啡馆见面怎么样？ As my dormitory is , how about opposite our school next Saturday? 5．随着经济的发展，越来越多的温室气体被排放到空气中。 With the development of the economy, more and more greenhouse gases are into the air. 6．当心！不要太靠近那间正在维修屋顶的房子。 Look out! Don’t get too close to the house . 7．垃圾污染的问题变得如此严重，世界上许多城市现在都被垃圾包围。 The problem of garbage pollution is getting so serious that many cities around the world ． 8．每年，数十亿棵树木遭到砍伐，用于人类造纸。 Billions of trees every year to make paper for humans.(cut，现在进行时的被动语态) 【答案】 1．habitats are being destroyed been cut down 【详解】考查动词语态。表示“栖息地”用habitat，根据more and more可知，此处应用复数形式habitats；本句描述正在进行的动作，时态用现在进行时，表示“破坏”用destroy，与主语habitats为被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为habitats，be动词用are；表示“砍伐”用cut down，与主语bamboo为被动关系，根据has可知，此处用现在完成时的被动语态，第二空用been cut down。故填①habitats are being destroyed；②been cut down。 2．This broadcast is being brought to you 【详解】考查时态语态。此处this broadcast作主语；表示“为您播送”可用be brought to you，且正在进行时，用现在进行时的被动语态。故填This broadcast is being brought to you。 3．The environment in that country is being polluted 【详解】考查时态和语态。“正被严重地污染”表示动作正在进行且环境与污染之间为被动关系，需用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are+being+过去分词。主语The environment为单数，介词短语in that country作后置定语修饰主语；be动词用is，“污染”表达为pollute，过去分词为polluted，故填The environment in that country is being polluted。 4．being repainted meeting at the cafe 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态和动名词及介词短语。第一空“宿舍正在被重新粉刷”，“粉刷”用动词“repaint”，宿舍和粉刷之间是被动关系，且根据句意可知是正在被粉刷，所以用现在进行时的被动语态be being done结构，故填being repainted。第二空“见面”用动词meet，“how about doing sth.”表示“做某事怎么样”，所以用动名词形式meeting；“在学校对面的咖啡馆”用介词短语“at the cafe opposite our school”。故填meeting at the cafe。故填①being repainted②meeting at the cafe。 5．being emitted 【详解】考查时态、语态和固定短语。根据汉语提示可知，应用固定短语emit into表达“排放到……中”之意；根据语境可知，句子陈述的是现在正在发生的事情，应用现在进行时，主语greenhouse gases和emit之间为被动关系，即温室气体被排放，所以句子应用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“be being done”。故填being emitted。 6．whose roof is being repaired 【详解】考查定语从句、时态、语态和主谓一致。根据汉语提示可知，“正在维修屋顶”修饰的是房子“the house”，所以是定语从句部分；此处指的是“房子的屋顶正在维修”；“房子”与“屋顶（roof）”之间为所属关系，表示“……的”用关系代词whose作定语，修饰“屋顶”roof；“维修”为动词repair；“屋顶”与“维修”之间为被动关系，所以需要使用被动语态，根据“Look out! Don’t get too close to”以及句意可知，此处表示正在维修，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，从句主语为单数，所以be动词用is。故答案为whose roof is being repaired。 7．are now being surrounded by garbage 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。设空处考查“现在都被垃圾包围”的英文表达；“包围”用动词surround，“垃圾”为名词garbage，从句主语many cities与动词surround之间为被动关系，由时间状语“现在”（now）可知此that从句谓语用现在进行时的被动语态，many cities作主语，be动词用are，故填are now being surrounded by garbage。 8．are being cut down 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“砍伐”使用动词短语cut down，和主语Billions of trees之间是被动关系，且描述正在发生的事情，故用现在进行时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词使用are。故填are being cut down。 二、语法填空 As the major habitat of wild Asian elephants, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province 1 (see) a significant growth in its population of elephants and other wild animals in the past few years. Between January and May of 2021, the number of cases 2 (involve) the destruction of forest resources in the area has declined 3 76.6 percent compared with the same period last year. All of the Asian elephants in Yunnan, the main habitat of the animal, live in the southern part of the province, which covers Xishuangbanna, and the cities of Pu’er and Lincang. Of the three, Xishuangbanna has the 4 (large) number of Asian elephants. 5 (protect) the Asian elephants as well as other wildlife, the prefecture expanded the area of its nature reserves, which nearly doubled from 240 km² in 6 1980s to 414.66 km² in 2021. In 1996, the Wild Elephant Valley 7 (found). It has served as the prefecture’s biggest wild animal rescue centre, 8 more than 1,200 animals have been saved so far. In 2008, China’s first Asian elephant breeding base was also built in the valley. A significant increase in the population of elephants is a 9 (reflect) of these decades-long protection efforts. 10 (know) as the top conservation species in China, the wild Asian elephant has seen its population grow to over 300 now. 【答案】 1．has seen 2．involving 3．by 4．largest 5．To protect 6．the 7．was founded 8．where 9．reflection 10．Known 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了西双版纳傣族自治州在保护亚洲象方面所取得的一些成效。 1．考查动词时态。句意：作为野生亚洲象的主要栖息地，云南省西双版纳傣族自治州在过去几年中，大象和其他野生动物的数量显著增长。根据时间状语in the past few years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has seen。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：2021年1月至5月，该地区涉及破坏森林资源的案件数量较去年同期下降了76.6%。句中已有谓语，空处是非谓语动词，involve和逻辑主语cases之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填involving。 3．考查介词。句意：2021年1月至5月，该地区涉及破坏森林资源的案件数量较去年同期下降了76.6%。此处表示表示“下降了……”，应使用固定短语decline by。故填by。 4．考查形容词最高级。句意：在这三个地区中，西双版纳的亚洲象数量最多。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的Of the three可知，此处指三者之间进行比较，设空处应用形容词最高级形式。故填largest。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护亚洲象和其他野生动物，该地区扩大了自然保护区的面积，从20世纪80年代的240平方公里扩大到2021年的414.66平方公里，几乎翻了一番。句中已有谓语，空处是非谓语动词，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式形式作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To protect。 6．考查冠词。句意：为了保护亚洲象和其他野生动物，该地区扩大了自然保护区的面积，从20世纪80年代的240平方公里扩大到2021年的414.66平方公里，几乎翻了一番。表示“在……世纪……年代”应用“in the+整十基数词的复数形式”，in the 1980s意为“在20世纪80年代”。故填the。 7．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：1996年，野象谷成立。根据时间状语In 1996可知，句子应用一般过去时，found和主语the Wild Elephant Valley之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应使用was。故填was founded。 8．考查定语从句。句意：它是该地区最大的野生动物救助中心，到目前为止已经拯救了1200多只动物。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是wild animal rescue centre，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 9．考查名词。句意：大象数量的显著增加反映了这些数十年的保护努力。空处应用名词作表语，reflection意为“反映”，是可数名词，根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应用名词单数形式。故填reflection。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：野生亚洲象被誉为中国的顶级保护物种，其数量现已增长到300多头。句中已有谓语，空处是非谓语动词，know和逻辑主语the wild Asian elephant之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Known。 一、阅读理解 Have you ever heard the expression “crocodile tears”? The expression reminds us of an amazing animal — The crocodile! First, why are they amazing? Well, crocodiles are experts at survival. Scientists say they first appeared 200 million years ago and have outlived the dinosaurs by some 65 million years. One reason they are such good survivors is that they can go for a very long time without eating. And they are expert hunters! They use their strong jaws to bite their prey (猎物) and then they swallow their food whole. Here’s another fun fact about crocodiles: When they lose a tooth, they grow one right back. A crocodile can go through 8,000 teeth in one lifetime! Okay, while these facts are fascinating, they really do not help to explain today’s expression: crocodile tears. Simply put, “crocodile tears” are fake sadness. You pretend to cry and feel badly for something when in fact… you could not care less. A great word to describe crocodile tears is insincere. But why do tears from an ancient, unfeeling reptile (爬行动物) mean false sadness? Well, the expression “crocodile tears” comes from an old myth that crocodiles would shed tears while eating their prey. Writers on the website Crocodilian.com claim that this myth was in use by the 1200s. A religious worker from that time wrote that if a crocodile found a man by the water, it would kill him if it could. Then the crocodile would cry tears on the man, but then finally swallow him. Another myth about crocodile tears suggests the animals are very crafty indeed. Crocodiles, the story goes, would shed tears as a false show of guilt or grief to trick their prey. The prey would come closer and then become dinner. So, that is the origin of the phrase “crocodile tears.” But, please note. You do not have to have actual tears flowing down your face to have “crocodile tears.” If you fake sadness or regret by using only words, others can still accuse you of having “crocodile tears.” Sometimes, crocodile tears are worse than insincere. Sometimes they are also hypocritical. Those are the times you are showing sadness but actually in your heart, you are quite happy about the situation. 1．What can best explain why crocodiles are good survivors? A．They outlived the dinosaurs by 65 million years. B．They remain alive without food for a long time. C．They have strong jaws and teeth to bite the prey. D．They pretend to shed tears before swallowing a prey. 2．What does the underlined sentence in Para3 mean? A．You care more than anyone else. B．You do care as much as before. C．You don’t care it at all. D．You care no less than others. 3．According to the second myth, why would crocodiles shed tears? A．To show sympathy for the prey. B．To attract the prey’s attention. C．To feel guilty for the dying prey. D．To cheat the prey to get closer. 4．In which of the following situations can you find the employment of “crocodile tears”? A．You feel sorry for your opponent’s failure in a match. B．You feel sad for your friend’s being seriously ill. C．You are jealous of your coworker’s quick promotion. D．You are sad because your application was rejected. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“鳄鱼的眼泪”这一表达方式的起源和含义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“One reason they are such good survivors is that they can go for a very long time without eating. (它们之所以能成为如此优秀的幸存者，一个原因是它们可以在不吃东西的情况下存活很长时间。)”可知，它们在没有食物的情况下能存活很长时间是它们能成为优秀的幸存者的原因之一。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据上文“Simply put, “crocodile tears” are fake sadness. You pretend to cry and feel badly for something…(简单来说，“鳄鱼的眼泪”就是虚假的悲伤。你假装哭泣、为某件事难过……)”和下文“A great word to describe crocodile tears is insincere. (用一个词来形容 “鳄鱼的眼泪”，那就是“虚伪”。)”可知，“鳄鱼的眼泪”就是虚假的悲伤，因此实际上你根本不在乎。由此可知，you could not care less意为“你根本不在乎”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Crocodiles, the story goes, would shed tears as a false show of guilt or grief to trick their prey. (据说，鳄鱼会流泪，假装内疚或悲伤，以欺骗它们的猎物。)”可知，鳄鱼流泪是为了欺骗猎物，使其靠近。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“Simply put, “crocodile tears” are fake sadness. (简单来说，“鳄鱼的眼泪”就是虚假的悲伤。)”和最后一段“Sometimes, crocodile tears are worse than insincere. Sometimes they are also hypocritical. Those are the times you are showing sadness but actually in your heart, you are quite happy about the situation. (有时候，“鳄鱼的眼泪”比“不真诚”更过分，甚至带有“虚伪”的意味——也就是说，你表面上表现得难过，内心却对眼前的情况暗自窃喜。)”可知，“鳄鱼的眼泪”是假装的悲伤，选项A“你对对手在比赛中的失败感到遗憾”这种情况可能会用到“鳄鱼的眼泪”这个表达。故选A。 Researchers studying the brains of songbirds have found that aging influences the gene expressions that control the birds’ song. The finding could lead to earlier diagnoses and better treatments for human neurodegenerative (神经变性的) disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, which affect vocal production in their early stages. The study found that networks of interacting genes, in a region of the bird’s brain involved with singing, dramatically change as the bird ages. At the center of these networks are “hub genes (key control genes) ” that drive activity of many other genes. A better understanding of the hub genes could be crucial to developing treatments for age-related disorders. Zebra finches (斑胸草雀), native to Australia, have a strikingly similar-looking brain to humans’, particularly the brain movement-control area, which is used for motor function, including speech. The finches also develop their birdsong by copying their parents and other birds around them — the same way humans learn to speak. Perhaps most importantly to researchers, the birdsong is also a measurable marker for changes in the brain, enabling scientists to track changes in sound height, volume, and strength. Researchers recorded the songs of 36 birds, ranging widely in age, and studied how the genes associated with singing began to behave differently as the birds grew older. “There is some hopeful news in that the bird is still able to produce the song behavior, even with the genetic changes, and it suggests that there are also some ways that the bird is adapting to what’s going on in the brain,” says Miller, an associate professor in the neuroscience department. “This might offer recovery methods for humans.” Miller says she hopes further research can shed more light on the changes to the hub genes as the finches age. 1．What role do hub genes play in the gene networks? A．They make other genes function. B．They are direct age-related genes. C．They stay unchanged as birds age. D．They offer treatment to disorders. 2．What primarily makes finches suitable for brain aging research? A．Their brain structure. B．Their singing ability. C．Their relation to humans. D．Their way of learning. 3．How did the researchers measure changes in the birdsong? A．By observing the birds’ daily activities. B．By recording songs of birds of varying ages. C．By comparing songs to human vocal patterns. D．By changing the birds’ sound height of songs. 4．Which factor of songbirds can bring hope to humans in resisting aging? A．Their genetic changes. B．Their ability to adapt to aging. C．Their changes to the hub genes. D．Their act of producing the song. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究人员通过研究鸣禽大脑，发现衰老对控制鸟鸣的基因表达有影响，该发现或为人类神经变性疾病的诊断与治疗提供帮助。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the center of these networks are “hub genes（key control genes）” that drive activity of many other genes.(这些网络的核心是“中枢基因（关键控制基因）”，它们驱动着许多其他基因的活动。)”可知，中枢基因在基因网络中的作用是使其他基因发挥功能。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Zebra finches (斑胸草雀), native to Australia, have a strikingly similar-looking brain to humans’, particularly the brain movement-control area, which is used for motor function, including speech.(原产于澳大利亚的斑胸草雀，其大脑结构与人类惊人地相似，尤其是用于运动功能（包括语言）的大脑运动控制区域。)”以及第四段中的“Perhaps most importantly to researchers, the birdsong is also a measurable marker for changes in the brain, enabling scientists to track changes in sound height, volume, and strength.(对研究人员来说，或许最重要的是，鸟鸣也是大脑变化的可测量标志，这使科学家能够追踪声音高度、音量和强度的变化。)”可知，斑胸草雀适合用于大脑衰老研究，主要是因为其大脑结构与人类相似，且鸟鸣能作为大脑变化的可测量标志，核心在于大脑结构，由此可知，草雀的脑结构使其适合进行脑老化研究。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Researchers recorded the songs of 36 birds, ranging widely in age, and studied how the genes associated with singing began to behave differently as the birds grew older.(研究人员记录了36只年龄跨度很大的鸟的鸣叫，并研究了随着鸟年龄增长，与鸣叫相关的基因是如何开始表现出不同行为的。)”可知，研究人员通过记录不同年龄鸟类的鸣叫来测量鸟鸣的变化。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中的““There is some hopeful news in that the bird is still able to produce the song behavior, even with the genetic changes, and it suggests that there are also some ways that the bird is adapting to what’s going on in the brain,” says Miller, an associate professor in the neuroscience department. “This might offer recovery methods for humans.”(米勒说：“有一个好消息是，即使基因发生了变化，这种鸟仍然能够进行鸣叫行为，这表明这种鸟也有一些方法来适应大脑中发生的变化。这可能为人类提供恢复方法”)”可知，鸣禽对衰老的适应能力为人类抵抗衰老带来了希望。故选B项。 二、完形填空 Every morning, Betty rushed to her backyard with a small bowl of millet, her steps light with 1 to meet her sparrow. The bird — with soft brown feathers and bright black eyes like tiny beads — always waited on the old wooden 2 , tilting its head now and then to spot her. They first met last spring: Betty found it under the apple tree, its left 3 twisted and weak. She gently picked it up, carried it inside, cleaned the wound with warm water, and fed it soft bread 4 .​ At first, the sparrow feared Betty, fluttering its good wing nervously when she came 5 . But Betty never rushed; she spoke in a soft voice, telling stories of her school or her cat Mimi. Day by day, the bird started to 6 her — even nudging her hand for food. When its wing healed, Betty opened the window, hoping it’d fly home. To her 7 , it didn’t leave. Instead, it sang 8 songs each morning, making the yard lively. Now, they have a sweet routine. The sparrow 9 on Betty’s shoulder as she waters flowers, its claws light so it won’t hurt her. She 10 it “Tweetie” for its clear, sweet chirps. On rainy days, she leaves a cardboard shelter filled with dry grass on the fence — Tweetie flies in at once to stay 11 .​ Betty’s mom often says friendship grows between the most 12 beings. Looking at Tweetie hop by her feet while she reads, sometimes pecking her book gently, Betty knows this is 13 . Those small daily moments — feeding time, the songs, rainy-day shelters — are the 14 part of her life, a little 15 she looks forward to.​ 1．A．excitement B．worry C．tiredness D．anxiety​ 2．A．bench B．wall C．fence D．shelf​ 3．A．wing B．leg C．beak D．tail​ 4．A．loaves B．pies C．slices D．crumbs​ 5．A．down B．far C．up D．near​ 6．A．trust B．avoid C．doubt D．ignore​ 7．A．surprise B．sadness C．anger D．disappointment​ 8．A．dull B．quiet C．cheerful D．low​ 9．A．walks B．perches C．jumps D．stands​ 10．A．called B．named C．gave D．kept​ 11．A．calm B．cool C．warm D．still​ 12．A．common B．similar C．ordinary D．different​ 13．A．wrong B．true C．funny D．strange​ 14．A．hardest B．busiest C．happiest D．longest 15．A．joy B．routine C．judgment D．responsibility 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．D 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了贝蒂与一只麻雀之间从救助到建立深厚友谊的故事，展现了不同生物间也能产生美好情谊。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，贝蒂拿着一小碗小米冲向后院，脚步因兴奋而轻快，去见她的麻雀。A. excitement兴奋；B. worry担忧；C. tiredness疲倦；D. anxiety焦虑。根据上文“Betty rushed to her backyard with a small bowl of millet, her steps light with”可知，贝蒂急于去见麻雀，脚步轻快，心情应是兴奋的。故选A项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只鸟有柔软的棕色羽毛和像小珠子一样明亮的黑眼睛，总是在旧木栅栏上等着，时不时歪着头看她有没有来。A. bench长凳；B. wall墙；C. fence栅栏；D. shelf架子。根据倒数第二段“On rainy days, she leaves a cardboard shelter filled with dry grass on the fence”可知，麻雀常待在栅栏上。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们第一次相遇是在去年春天。贝蒂在苹果树下发现了它，它的左翼扭曲而无力。A. wing翅膀；B. leg腿；C. beak鸟喙；D. tail尾巴。根据第二段中“When its wing healed”可知，是翅膀受伤了。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她轻轻地把它抱起来，带进屋里，用温水清洗伤口，然后喂它软面包屑。A. loaves条，块（面包）；B. pies馅饼；C. slices薄片；D. crumbs碎屑。根据“fed it soft bread”可知，喂的应是面包碎屑，因为对于一只受伤的小麻雀来说，非常细小的、零碎的面包渣是大小合适、易于啄食和吞咽的食物。故选D项。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，麻雀害怕贝蒂，当她走近时，它会紧张地拍打着完好的翅膀。A. down向下；B. far远；C. up向上；D. near接近。根据“the sparrow feared Betty, fluttering its good wing nervously”可知，贝蒂靠近时麻雀会紧张。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日复一日，这只鸟开始信任她，甚至会用头蹭她的手要食物。A. trust信任；B. avoid避免；C. doubt怀疑；D. ignore忽视。根据上文“At first, the sparrow feared Betty, fluttering its good wing nervously”以及空后“even nudging her hand for food”可知，麻雀对贝蒂从一开始的害怕转变为信任。故选A项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令她感到惊讶的是，它没有离开。A. surprise惊讶；B. sadness悲伤；C. anger愤怒；D. disappointment失望。根据上文“When its wing healed, Betty opened the window, hoping it’d fly home.”以及空后“it didn’t leave.”可知，贝蒂原以为它伤好后会飞回家，结果它没走，这让她感到惊讶。故选A项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，它每天早上都唱着欢快的歌，让院子变得生机勃勃。A. dull枯燥的；B. quiet安静的；C. cheerful欢快的；D. low低的。根据下文“making the yard lively”可知，鸟儿的歌声是欢快的。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝蒂浇花时，麻雀栖息在她的肩膀上，爪子很轻，不会弄疼她。A. walks走；B. perches栖息；C. jumps跳；D. stands站。根据“Betty’s shoulder as she waters flowers, its claws light so it won’t hurt her.”可知，贝蒂浇花时，麻雀停留在贝蒂肩膀上，“perches (栖息，停留)”符合语境。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因它叫声清晰甜美，她叫它取名Tweetie。A. called称呼；B. named命名；C. gave给；D. kept保持。根据“it “Tweetie” for its clear, sweet chirps”可知因为其叫声甜美，贝蒂就随口把它叫做Tweetie，此处用“call sb./sth. + 名字”意为“称呼……为……；叫作……”，符合“基于它的叫声自然产生的昵称”这个场景，更为普遍和自然，更符合故事的情感基调。而named更强调 “赋予正式名称”，隐含“经过思考后确定名称”的意味。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：下雨天，她在栅栏上放一个装满干草的硬纸板庇护所，Tweetie立刻飞进去取暖。A. calm平静的；B. cool凉爽的；C. warm温暖的；D. still静止的。根据上文“she leaves a cardboard shelter filled with dry grass on the fence”可知，下雨天，庇护所里有干草，是为了让小鸟进去保暖。故选C项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：贝蒂的妈妈常说，最不同的生物之间也能产生友谊。A. common常见的；B. similar相似的；C. ordinary普通的；D. different不同的。根据上文“Every morning, Betty rushed to her backyard with a small bowl of millet, her steps light with ____1____ to meet her sparrow.”以及所讲的故事可知，贝蒂是人类，麻雀是鸟类，是完全不同的生物，但是却产生了友谊，因此，此处指最不同的生物之间也能产生友谊。故选D项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着Tweetie在她读书时在她脚边蹦跳，有时轻轻啄她的书，贝蒂知道这是真的。A. wrong错误的；B. true真实的；C. funny有趣的；D. strange奇怪的。根据上文“Looking at Tweetie hop by her feet while she reads, sometimes pecking her book gently”可知，看到麻雀Tweetie和自己的亲近行为，贝蒂知道妈妈所说的不同生物之间也有友谊这句话是正确的。故选B项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些日常的小瞬间——喂食时间、歌声、雨天的庇护所——是她生活中最快乐的部分，是她期待的一点快乐。A. hardest最艰难的；B. busiest最忙碌的；C. happiest最快乐的；D. longest最长的。根据上文“Every morning, Betty rushed to her backyard with a small bowl of millet, her steps light with ____1____ to meet her sparrow.”、“making the yard lively”、“Betty’s shoulder as she waters flowers, its claws light so it won’t hurt her.”以及下文“she looks forward to”可知，和麻雀相处的这些瞬间是温馨治愈的、美好的、快乐的。故选C项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些日常的小瞬间——喂食时间、歌声、雨天的庇护所——是她生活中最快乐的部分，是她期待的一点快乐。A. joy快乐；B. routine常规；C. judgment判断；D. responsibility责任。根据下文“looks forward to”和第一段里着急兴奋地去见麻雀可知，这些美好瞬间给贝蒂带来快乐，是令她期待的小确幸。故选A项。 三、七选五 Birdwatching is a fun hobby for many people. Birdwatchers like to look at birds in the wild. They take photos and record the birds’ sounds to learn about their behavior. “I feel my heart beating, my eyes widen and almost automatically (自动地), I start to smile,” Prayitno Goenarto said. 1 Goenarto is a birdwatcher and wildlife photographer from Indonesia. He is now 31 years old. When he became sick in college, his doctor asked him to go out more often for sunlight, exercise and fresh air. 2 A birdwatcher needs to know a lot and be brave and strong. Goenarto spends most of his time working in the wild. He knows where and when to find different kinds of birds. Sometimes he has to go deep into the forest to find the shy birds. 3 He might get lost. He has to look out for snakes and some big animals. Once, Goenarto went to a faraway island to look for some rare birds. It rained heavily every day. He worked in wet clothes for the whole trip. Goenarto loves his work. Birdwatching helps him stay healthy and he can make friends with other birdwatchers. 4 This helps more people learn about birds and take action to protect them. That’s the best part of the job! 5 They study and protect the rare birds. Terry Townshend is a British birdwatcher in China. He has studied Beijing swifts for over ten years. Xu Zhuo protects red-crowned cranes in Heilongjiang. Her father, aunt and grandparents also spent their lifetime looking after the birds. Now the young girl has the job. A．It can be dangerous. B．Most birds are active in the daytime. C．That’s when he started watching birds. D．If we do nothing, there may be none left soon. E．Moreover, he catches wonderful moments of birds. F．In China, there are lots of birdwatchers like Goenarto. G．This is how he feels when he sees a new kind of bird. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍观鸟是有趣爱好，以印尼的 Goenarto 为例讲其观鸟缘由、工作情况及意义，还提及中国有许多类似的观鸟者。 1．根据前文““I feel my heart beating, my eyes widen and almost automatically (自动地), I start to smile,”(“我感到我的心跳，我的眼睛睁大了，我几乎自动地开始微笑。”)”引用了 Prayitno Goenarto 说的看到鸟时的感受。G 选项“This is how he feels when he sees a new kind of bird.( 这就是他看到一种新鸟时的感受。)”能够很好地承接上文，解释这种感受对应的情景。故选G项。 2．根据前文“He is now 31 years old. When he became sick in college, his doctor asked him to go out more often for sunlight, exercise and fresh air.(他现在31岁了。当他在大学生病时，他的医生让他多出去晒太阳，锻炼身体，呼吸新鲜空气。)”提到他在大学生病时医生让他多出去接触阳光、锻炼和呼吸新鲜空气，C选项“That’s when he started watching birds.( 从那时起，他开始观察鸟类。)”说明在这个时候他开启了观鸟的活动，与上文的背景紧密相连。故选C项。 3．根据下文“He might get lost. He has to look out for snakes and some big animals.( 他可能会迷路。他必须小心蛇和一些大型动物。)”提到他可能会迷路，得提防蛇和一些大型动物，这些都表明他在野外观鸟存在危险，A 选项“It can be dangerous.( 这可能会很危险。)”能够概括后文描述的危险状况。故选A项。 4．根据后文“This helps more people learn about birds and take action to protect them. Tha’s the best part of the job!( 这有助于更多人了解鸟类并采取行动保护它们，这是工作中最好的部分。)”提到这有助于更多人了解鸟类并采取行动保护它们，E选项“Moreover, he catches wonderful moments of birds.( 此外，他还捕捉到了鸟类的精彩时刻。)”捕捉到的鸟类精彩时刻可以用来让更多人了解鸟类，符合上下文逻辑。故选E项。 5．根据后文“Terry Townshend is a British birdwatcher in China. He has studied Beijing swifts for over ten years. Xu Zhuo protects red-crowned cranes in Heilongjiang.( Terry Townshend是一位在中国的英国鸟类观察者。他研究北京雨燕已有十多年了。Xu Zhuo在黑龙江保护丹顶鹤。)”列举了在中国的观鸟者。F选项“In China, there are lots of birdwatchers like Goenarto.( 在中国，有很多像 Goenarto 这样的观鸟者。)”引出了对中国观鸟者的介绍。故选F项。 一、语法小结 现在进行时的被动语态 1. 含义 现在进行时的被动语态，用于描述现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作 ，即主语是动作的承受者，且动作此刻或当前阶段处于持续进行状态。 2. 构成 由“be (am/is/are) + being + 动词的过去分词”构成，其中“be”随主语人称和数变化（I 用 am，第三人称单数用is，复数等用are），“being”是现在分词形式，辅助体现进行时态，“过去分词”体现被动含义，共同构建现在进行时被动结构。 3. 句式 （1）肯定句式 结构为“主语 + am/is/are + being done...”，即主语作为动作承受者，呈现“正被……（动作）”的状态 。 （2）否定句式 结构是“主语 + am/is/are + not being done...”，在肯定结构基础上加“not”，表达“不是正被……（动作）” 。 （3）一般疑问句式 形式为“Am/Is/Are (not) + 主语 + being done...?”，把“be” 动词提前至句首，用于询问主语是否 “正被……（动作）”，“not”可加在“be”动词后强化否定疑问语气。 （4）特殊疑问句式 结构为“特殊疑问词 + am/is/are (not) + 主语 + being done...?”，特殊疑问词（what/where/when等）用于对动作相关内容（如对象、地点、时间等）提问，聚焦“（在何种情况下）主语正被怎样动作”。 4. 用法 （1）表示说话时正在进行的被动动作 强调此时此刻，主语正处于“被……（动作）”的过程中，动作与说话时刻同步进行 。 （2）表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作 动作不一定在说话瞬间发生，但在当前一段时间内持续进行、反复发生，体现阶段性的被动状态 。 （3）表示一种习惯的被动行为 当某些被动动作因长期、反复出现，形成类似“习惯”的规律性时，可用现在进行时被动语态表达，常搭配 always、constantly 等频度副词，有时含情感色彩（如抱怨、赞扬） 。 （4）表示对正在发生的动作的推测 依据情境、迹象等，推测主语“正被……（动作）”，把被动进行的动作作为一种可能性判断，增添语言对场景的描述、推断功能。 5. 注意 （1）不可遗漏介词 若原主动结构中动词搭配特定介词（如 listen to、look at 等 ），变为被动语态时，介词需保留，保证语义和结构完整。 （2）不可遗漏 being “being”是构成现在进行时被动语态的关键，遗漏后会失去“进行时”表意，使结构变成一般现在时被动（be + 过去分词），混淆时态。 （3）不用于现在进行时的被动语态的动词 一些动词（如表示状态、感官的动词，像 have（表“拥有”）、love、hate、know 等），本身语义侧重状态或静态感受，通常不用现在进行时被动形式，因为 “进行” 的动态语义与它们天然适配度低，强行使用会造成表达怪异、表意不清 。 （4）“be + under/in 等介词 + 名词” 结构 可用来表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义，是一种灵活表意方式，用介词短语替代“being done”结构，简洁传达“正被……（动作关联的抽象概念 ）”。 二、语法检测 1．The teacher is correcting our homework. (改为被动语态) 2．The nurse is taking good care of the patient. (改为被动语态) 3．Our government is taking effective measures to control the air pollution. (改为被动语态) 4．Human beings are killing elephants for their ivories. (改为被动语态) 5．The workers are building the gym and it is said to be open to the public next year. （用现在进行时的被动语态改写句子） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．Look out! Don’t get too close to the house whose roof is under repair. （用现在进行时的被动语态改写句子） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．We are discussing how to spend the summer holidays now. (用被动语态改写句子) 8．The hunter is shooting antelopes for the fur beneath their stomachs. (用被动语态改写) (句型转换) 【答案】 1．Our homework is being corrected by the teacher. 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：我们的作业正在被老师批改。原句时态为现在进行时，现在进行时的被动语态结构为be being done，在改为被动语态后，原句宾语“our homework”变为被动语态的主语，不可数名词作主语，be用is，谓语部分为is being corrected，动作的执行者the teacher由by引出。故填Our homework is being corrected by the teacher. 2．The patient is being taken good care of by the nurse. 【详解】考查句型转换。句意：这位护士正在悉心照料病人。根据要求可知，原句为现在进行时is taking，被动语态需转换为“am/is/are + being + 过去分词”。主动句宾语the patient作被动句主语；主动句主语the nurse由by引出，作介词宾语；短语动词take care of整体转换为被动形式，过去分词为 taken。故填The patient is being taken good care of by the nurse. 3．Effective measures are being taken by our government to control the air pollution. 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：我国政府正在采取有效措施来控制空气污染。此处改为被动语态，Effective measures作主语，与谓语take构成被动关系，且表示正在进行用现在进行时的被动语态。谓语用复数。故改为Effective measures are being taken by our government to control the air pollution. 4．Elephants are being killed by human beings for their ivories. 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：人类正在为了获取象牙而捕杀大象。根据要求把原主动语态句子改为被动语态，原句的宾语elephants提前作主语，原谓语are killing改为被动形式，现在进行时的被动结构是“am/is/are + being + 过去分词”，新主语elephants是复数，所以用are being killed，原主语human beings通过介词by引出，表示动作发出者，for their ivories这一表目的的短语保持不变。故答案为Elephants are being killed by human beings for their ivories. 5．The gym is being built by the workers and it is said to be open to the public next year. 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：健身房正在由工人建造，据说明年将向公众开放。此处改为现在进行时的被动语态，主语为the gym；表示“正在被建造”应用is being built；表示“由工人”为by the workers；剩下部分and it is said to be open to the public next year照写。故改为The gym is being built by the workers and it is said to be open to the public next year. 6．Look out! Don’t get too close to the house whose roof is being repaired. 【详解】考查语态。句意：留神！不要离屋顶正在修理的房子太近。题干要求用现在进行时的被动语态改写句子，根据句中is under repair可知，原句表示屋顶正在修理，可使用动词repair表示“修理”，“修理”这一动作是正在进行的，且repair与roof之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，即is being repaired。故答案为Look out! Don’t get too close to the house whose roof is being repaired. 7．How to spend the summer holidays is being discussed (by us) now. 【详解】考查现在进行时被动语态。句意：我们现在正在讨论如何度过暑假。根据题干要求改写为被动语态。原句为现在进行时的结构，句中how to spend the summer holidays与discuss之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时被动语态的结构，即am/is/are being done的结构。此处表示“被我们所正在讨论”故使用by us，该短语可以省略。故答案为How to spend the summer holidays is being discussed (by us) now. 8．Antelopes are being shot for the fur beneath their stomachs by the hunter. 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：猎户为了猎取羚羊肚子下面的皮毛而射杀它们。原句是现在进行时，故改写为现在进行时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are+being+过去分词”，原句的宾语antelopes用作被动句的主语，是名词复数，故be动词用are，故答案为Antelopes are being shot for the fur beneath their stomachs by the hunter.。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $