Unit 1 Managing Yourself Reading+Extended reading 课文翻译及重点知识清单-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版选修第三册

该高中英语资料围绕“习惯养成”与“时间管理”两大主题构建知识体系。Reading部分从习惯的定义（知识、技能、渴望的交集）切入，结合亚里士多德等名言阐释习惯的重要性，扩展阅读则聚焦时间管理三技能（提前计划、组织、优先级划分），形成从理论到实践的学习支架。 知识链路以“习惯本质-时间管理实践”为逻辑主线，通过词汇注释（如maxim, paradigm）提升语言能力，三维度习惯定义与任务分类法培养思维品质，配套短语清单和方法指导助力学习能力，渗透中外名言增强文化意识，适合多课主题连贯教学与实用技能培养。

2020 新牛津译林版选修第三册课文翻译 unit1 Reading The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People 高效能人士的七个习惯 The 7 Habits—An Overview 7 个习惯——概述 We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. 我们就是我们反复做的事。因此，优秀不是一种行为，而是一种习惯。 —Aristotle ——亚里士多德 Our character, basically, is a composite of our habits. “Sow a thought, reap an action; sow an action, reap a habit; sow a habit, reap a character; sow a character, reap a destiny,” the maxim goes. /ˈkɒmpəzɪt/ composite adj.合成的，复合的；（火车车厢）综合的；菊科的；（柱式）混合的 n.合成物，复合材料；罪犯画像；综合提案；菊科植物；混合柱式 maxim /ˈmæksɪm/ n.格言；准则；座右铭 motto /ˈmɒtəʊ/ n.座右铭，格言，警句；格言主题 我们的性格基本上是由我们的习惯组成的。有句格言说:“播种一个思想， 收获一个行动; 播种一个行动，收获一个习惯; 播种一个习惯，收获一个性格; 播种一个性格，收获一个命运。” Habits are powerful factors in our lives. Because they are consistent, often unconscious patterns, they constantly, daily, express our character and produce our effectiveness... or ineffectiveness. pattern n.模式，方式；图案，花样；模/典范；模型，底样；（布或墙纸的）样品；样式；（声音或词汇有规则排列的）模式 v.用图案装饰，给……加上花样；仿照，模仿；赋予……以固定（或易辨认）的形式；使形成，促成（某行为模式） 习惯是我们生活中强大的因素。因为它们是一致的，通常是无意识的模式， 它们每天都在表达我们的性格，导致我们做事的高效率或者低效率。 As Horace Mann, the great educator, once said, “Habits are like a cable. We weave a strand of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.” I personally do not agree with the last part of his expression. I know they can be broken. Habits can be learned and unlearned. But I also know it isn't a quick fix. It involves a process and a tremendous commitment. cable n.电缆；钢缆，缆绳；电报；有线电视 v.给……安装有线电视；给……发电报 weave a strand of 编织一根线 （--- wove ---woven） a quick fix 临时解决方案：指一种快速解决问题的临时方法或补救措施，通常不是长期有效的解决方案。 fix n. 解决方案（或措施）；窘境，困境；（毒品或致瘾物的）一次用量；方位确定，定位；理解 commitment n.忠诚，献身；投入；承诺，保证；热情，决心；义务，责任；花费 正如伟大的教育家霍勒斯·曼曾经说过:“习惯就像一根电缆。我们每天都织一缕，很快它就会牢不可破。”我个人不同意他的最后一部分表达。我知道它们可以被打破。习惯可以习得，也可以不习得。但我也知道这不是一蹴而就的。它需要一个过程和巨大的付出。 Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo ll were transfixed as we saw the first men walk on the moon and return to earth. Superlatives such as “fantastic” and “incredible” were inadequate to describe those eventful days. But to get there, those astronauts literally had to break out of the tremendous gravity pull of the earth. More energy was spent in the first few minutes of lift-off, in the first few miles of travel, than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles. be transfixed as被深深吸引住 superlative /suːˈpɜːlətɪv/ adj.（形容词或副词的）最高级的；最好的，最优秀的 n.（形容词或副词的）最高级；赞誉之词；最好的人或事物；最高程度 eventful adj.充满大事的，多变故的；重大的，重要的 literally adv.按照字面意义地，逐字地；真正地，确实地；（用于夸张地强调）简直 break out of逃脱，突破，摆脱 lift-off n.（火箭等）离地升空，垂直发射 gravity n.重力，地心引力；严重性；严肃，庄严；重（量） 我们这些观看过阿波罗 2 号月球航行的人，当看到人类第一次在月球上行走并返回地球时，都惊呆了。用“棒极了”和“难以置信”这样的词来形容那些具有历史意义的日子是不够的。但要到达那里，这些宇航员实际上必须摆脱地球的巨大引力。在升空的最初几分钟，在最初几英里的飞行中，消耗的能量比接下来几天50 万英里的飞行所消耗的能量还要多。 Habits, too, have tremendous gravity pull—more than most people realize or would admit. Breaking deeply imbedded habitual tendencies such as procrastination, impatience, criticalness, or selfishness that violate basic principles of human effectiveness involves more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives. “Lift-off” takes a tremendous effort, but once we break out of the gravity pull, our freedom takes on a whole new dimension. break deeply imbedded habitual tendencies打破根深蒂固 的习惯倾向 procrastination /prəˌkræstɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 耽搁，拖延；拖延症 take a tremendous effort 需要付出巨大的努力 take on a whole new dimension呈现出全新的面貌/层次/维度 习惯也有巨大的吸引力——比大多数人意识到或承认的要多。打破根深蒂固 的习惯倾向，如拖延、急躁、挑剔或自私，这些违背了人类效率的基本原则，需 要的不仅仅是一点点意志力和生活中的一些小改变。“起飞”需要付出巨大的努力， 但一旦我们摆脱了地心引力，我们的自由就有了一个全新的维度。 Like any natural force, the gravity pull can work with us or against us. The gravity pull of some of our habits may currently be keeping us from going where we want to go. But it is also the gravity pull that keeps our world together, that keeps the planets in their orbits and our universe in order. It is a powerful force, and if we use it effectively, we can use the gravity pull of habit to create the cohesiveness and order necessary to establish effectiveness in our lives. currently adv.现时，当前---adj. current adj.现行的，当前的；通用的，流行的；最近的 n.水流，气流；电流；思潮，趋势 currency n. 通货，货币；通用，流行；现时性 cohesiveness /kəʊˈhiːsɪvnəs/ n. 凝聚力；粘结性；内聚力 就像任何自然力一样，重力可以对我们有利，也可以对我们不利。我们的一些习惯的引力可能正在阻止我们去我们想去的地方。但也正是引力让我们的世界在一起，让行星在轨道上运行，让我们的宇宙井然有序。它是一种强大的力量， 如果我们有效地利用它，我们就可以利用习惯的引力来创造凝聚力和秩序，从而在我们的生活中达到高效状态。 “Habits” Defined “习惯”的定义 For our purposes, we will define a habit as the intersection of knowledge, skill, and desire. Knowledge is the theoretical paradigm, the what to do and the why. Skill is the how to do. And desire is the motivation, the want to do. In order to make something a habit in our lives, we have to have all three. intersection n.交接（点或线），相交；交汇点（尤指道路）；（动作）交接，交叉 the theoretical paradigm理论范式 paradigm /ˈpærədaɪm/ n.典范，范例；样板，范式；词形变化表 出于我们的目的，我们将把习惯定义为知识、技能和渴望的交集。知识是理论范式，是做什么和为什么。技能就是如何去做。渴望是动机，是想要做的事。为了让某件事成为我们生活中的习惯，我们必须同时拥有这三件事。 I may be ineffective in my interactions with my work associates, my spouse, or my children because I constantly tell them what I think, but I never really listen to them. Unless I search out correct principles of human interaction, I may not even know I need to listen. associate v.联想，联系；支持，同意；交往，（尤指）混在一起 n.同事，伙伴；副学士，准学士；副职，副手；准会员；联想 adj.副的，准的，非正式的；联合的，有关连的 spouse /spaʊs/ n.配偶 在与工作伙伴、配偶或孩子的交流中，我可能效率不高，因为我总是告诉他们我的想法，但我从来没有真正倾听过他们。除非我找到了人类互动的正确原则， 否则我可能甚至不知道我需要倾听。 ( richielee ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Even if I do know that in order to interact effectively with others I really need to listen to them, I may not have the skill. I may not know how to really listen deeply to another human being. 即使我知道为了与他人有效地互动，我真的需要倾听他们，我也可能没有这个技能。我可能不知道如何真正深入地倾听另一个人。 But knowing I need to listen and knowing how to listen is not enough. Unless I want to listen, unless I have the desire, it won't be a habit in my life. Creating a habit requires work in all three dimensions. 但只知道我需要倾听和知道如何倾听是不够的。除非我想听，除非我有这个愿望，否则它不会成为我生活中的习惯。养成一种习惯需要三个方面的努力。 The being/seeing change is an upward process—being changes seeing, which in turn changes being, and so forth, as we move in an upward spiral/ˈspaɪrəl of growth. By working on knowledge, skill, and desire, we can break through to new levels of personal and interpersonal effectiveness as we break with old paradigms that may have been a source of pseudo-security for years. being n.生物；存在；本质，本性 so forth等等，诸如此类 break through to突/冲破到 personal and interpersonal effectiveness个人及人际交往的效能性 break with old paradigms打破旧有的模式 pseudo /ˈsuːdəʊ/ adj. 假的，伪装的 pseudo-security虚假安全感 这个自我/看法的改变是一个向上的过程。在我们螺旋上升式成长的过程中，提升自我会改变我们对外界的看法，继而又会改变自我，并循环往复。通过在知识、技巧和意愿三方面付出努力，我们就能打破多年来可能一直是虚假安全感来源的旧范式，使个人效能和人际效能上升至新的层面。 It's sometimes a painful process. It's a change that has to be motivated by a higher purpose, by the willingness to subordinate what you think you want now to what you want later. But this process produces happiness, which can be defined, in part at least, as the fruit of the desire and ability to sacrifice what we want now for what we want eventually. subordinate （...to sb./sth.）/səˈbɔːdɪnət/ adj.从属的，下级的；次要的 n.部属，下级；从属，次要 v.使从属于，使处于次要地位；使隶属，使服从 sacrifice /ˈsækrɪfaɪs/ n.牺牲，献出；献祭，供奉；祭牲，供品 v.牺牲，献出；献祭，以……为祭品 有时这是一个痛苦的过程。这种改变必须由一个更高的目标来驱动，由你愿 意把你现在认为你想要的东西从属于你以后想要的东西。但这一过程产生了幸福， 幸福至少在某种程度上可以被定义为一种渴望和能力的果实，即为了最终想要的东西而牺牲现在想要的东西。 Extended reading 扩展阅读 Time management 时间管理 Good afternoon. Let me begin my presentation by asking you this question: how much time does it take you to sleep, eat, commute and maintain your personal hygiene every day? Do some quick calculations, and it will occur to you that these essential activities take up an enormous part of your day, leaving only limited time to stay with family and friends, pursue a hobby or work on personal development. presentation n.（颁奖等）仪式，典礼；授予，颁发；（在仪式上接受的）奖项，赠予物；展示会，介绍会，发布会；陈述，报告，说明；（事物的）呈现方式；（证件等的）出示；（证物的）提交，提供；（戏剧的）演出...... commute v.通勤，上下班往返；减轻（刑罚）；代偿；.... 下午好。让我先问你一个问题:你每天花在睡觉、吃饭、上下班和保持个人卫生上的时间是多少?做一些快速的计算，你会发现这些重要的活动占据了你一天中很大的一部分时间，只剩下有限的时间与家人和朋友在一起，追求自己的爱好或个人发展。 Managing your time effectively, therefore, becomes a matter of critical importance. It means that you will be able to accomplish much more with less effort in shorter periods of time. It will keep your stress levels to a minimum, boost your performance and give you a sense of accomplishment, leading to improved self-confidence and a more positive outlook on life. Importantly, effective time management will not only support your studies today, but also help you throughout your adult life. So, now that you understand why good time management is of great importance, how can you improve your ability to manage your time? There are many things you can do, but let me share with you what I consider to be the three most important skills. outlook n.看法，态度；前景，展望；景色，风光；瞭望处 因此，有效地管理你的时间就变得至关重要。这意味着你可以在更短的时间内用更少的努力完成更多的事情。它将把你的压力水平降到最低，提高你的表现， 给你成就感，从而提高你的自信和更积极的人生观。重要的是，有效的时间管理不仅会支持你今天的学习，而且会帮助你整个成年生活。那么，既然你已经理解了良好的时间管理的重要性，你该如何提高你管理时间的能力呢?你可以做的事情有很多，但让我与你分享我认为最重要的三个技能。 The first thing you need to do is to plan ahead. Get into the habit of thinking about upcoming events and making a monthly, weekly or even daily to-do list. This will give you a measure of control over what is going to happen. Whether it is a planner that you stick on the wall or a calendar app on your smartphone, finding an organizing tool that works well for you is essential. Then, record all important events such as exams, projects and rehearsals, so that you know all the dates and deadlines and can prepare accordingly. rehearsal n.排练，排演；预演，演习；复述，重复 rehearse v.排练，排演；监督（表演者或团体）排演；默诵，默默地练习；<正式>详述，重复 你需要做的第一件事是提前计划。养成思考即将发生的事情的习惯，制定每月、每周甚至每天的待办事项清单。这将使你对将要发生的事情有一定程度的控制。无论是贴在墙上的记事本，还是智能手机上的日历应用，找到一个适合自己的整理工具是至关重要的。然后，记录所有重要的事件，如考试，项目和排练， 这样你就知道所有的日期和截止日期，并可以相应的准备。 After you have all that needs to be done in mind, you can set about creating favourable conditions to actually get things done. This is about the skill of organization. Being well organized includes making sure you have everything ready for tomorrow's lessons and after-school activities. It is also important for you to organize your personal space at home so that when you are doing your homework, you are in a tidy place, free from distractions. This includes putting away your mobile phone until you have finished everything that needs to be done. distract v.使分心，使转移注意力 distract her with a doll拿娃娃哄她开心 free from distractions不受干扰；不受打扰 n. distraction注意力分散；消遣；心烦意乱 在你把所有需要做的事情都记在心里之后，你就可以着手创造有利的条件来完成工作了。这是关于组织的技巧。井井有条包括确保你为明天的课程和课后活动做好了一切准备。同样重要的是，你要在家里安排好你的私人空间，这样当你做作业的时候，你是在一个整洁的地方，不受干扰。这包括把手机收起来，直到你完成所有需要做的事情。 Most importantly, you must learn to prioritize all your tasks. There is only a limited amount of time in a day, and even with good planning and organization, it is not always possible to complete everything that needs to be done. In such circumstances, you will have to decide which tasks should be completed first. According to Stephen Covey's Time Management Matrix, there are four equal areas indicating the tasks that you have to or want to do every day. You should classify the activities in the four areas and identify which are urgent and important, which are not urgent but important, which are urgent but not important, and which are neither urgent nor important. Understanding that tasks can be classified in this way will help you prioritize what needs to be done. While choosing which task needs to be done first can be a difficult decision to make, it is important not to let peer pressure or the quest for short-term rewards influence you, but to focus on the goals you have set for yourself and stick to them. prioritize v.按优先顺序列出；优先考虑（处理） prior adj. 优先的；在先的，在前的 n. priority优先；优先权；[数] 优先次序；优先考虑的事 quest n.<文>（长久或辛勤的）寻求，探求；（中世纪传奇故事中骑士的）探险 v.<文>探寻，寻求 1.quest for追求；探索，设法找到 2.in quest of探寻，寻求；为了追求… 最重要的是，你必须学会优先处理所有的任务。一天的时间是有限的，即使有良好的计划和组织，也不可能总是完成所有需要做的事情。在这种情况下，您必须决定应该先完成哪些任务。根据斯蒂芬·柯维的《时间管理矩阵》，有四个相等的区域表示你每天必须或想要做的任务。你应该把四个领域的活动分类，确定哪些是紧急而重要的，哪些不是紧急但重要的，哪些是紧急但不重要的，哪些既不紧急也不重要的。了解任务可以以这种方式分类，将帮助你优先考虑需要做什么。虽然选择先完成哪项任务可能是一个艰难的决定，但重要的是不要让同伴的压力或对短期回报的追求影响到你，而是要专注于你为自己设定的目标并坚持下去。 To bring my presentation to a conclusion, let me point out that once you start taking little steps every day to plan, organize and prioritize the activities you intend to devote your energy, skills and talents to, you will immediately begin to reap the rewards of your actions. The well-known Chinese writer Lu Xun said, “Time is like the water in a sponge. If you are willing to squeeze, you will always get some.” Time is a finite resource, but with a little effort you can always find the time to do what needs to be done. To say “I have no time" is only an excuse for avoiding doing something that could actually be done. I hope you have found my talk interesting and useful and that you never again have to say “I don't have the time to do that” . finite adj.有限的，有限制的；限定的n.有限之物 结束我的演讲，我要指出的是，一旦你开始每天采取一些小步骤来计划、组织你打算投入你的精力、技能和天赋的活动，并将其按优先顺序排列，你将立即开始从你的行动中获得回报。中国著名作家鲁迅说过:“时间就像海绵里的水。如果你愿意挤，你总会得到一些。”时间是一种有限的资源，但只要稍加努力， 你总能找到时间去做需要做的事情。说“我没时间”只是一个借口，用来逃避做一些实际上可以做的事情。我希望你觉得我的演讲有趣和有用，你再也不用说“我没有时间做那个”。 ( 保持个人卫生 提高某人的表现 一个更积极的人生观 贯穿...的成年生活 既然 养成……的习惯 即将来临的事件 彩排/相应地 开始做某事 不受干扰 )Important chunks 1. maintain one’s personal hygiene 2. boost one’s performance 3. a more positive outlook on life 4. throughout one’s adult life 5. now that 6. get into the habit of 7. upcoming events 8. rehearsal / accordingly 9. set about doing 10. free from distractions 11. ( 优先处理所有任务 在这种情况下 时间管理矩阵 同辈的压力 对...的追求 为…设定目标 将…总结一下 收获…的回报 挤海绵 ...的借口 )prioritize all your tasks 12. in such circumstances 13. Time Management Matrix 14. peer pressure 15. the quest for 16. set goals for 17. bring ... to a conclusion 18. reap the rewards of 19. squeeze a sponge 20. an excuse for 21. ( 主持谈话节目 学习效率 同学们 由...组成 拓展业务/扩大规模 相互联系的方式 自尊 (self- confidence/worth/-respect; dignity ) 对…进行评估 然而(对比=while) 妨碍 )present a talk show 22. learning efficiency 23. our fellow students 24. consist of 25. branch out 26. an interconnected manner 27. self-esteem/ 28. make assessment of 29. whereas 30. get in the way of 补充：（Grammar and integrated skills） 1. be fired up热情高涨；干劲十足；情绪激昂 2. in an instant瞬间；立刻；马上 3. come onto the market at increasingly short intervals上市间隔越来越短 4. have a negative impact on our physical and mental well-being对我们的身心健康产生负面影响 5. over the long term从长期来看；长期而言 6. bring with it mental problems such as anxiety and depression随之带来焦虑、抑郁等心理问题 7. fall off下降；减少；脱落；衰退（具体含义需结合语境） 8. push oneself to the limit把自己逼到极限；竭尽全力 9. end up in a living nightmare最终陷入活生生的噩梦之中。 10. weigh down使负担过重；压得喘不过气 11. jump back and forth between multiple tasks在多项任务间来回切换 12. feel rushed and stressed感到匆忙且压力大 13. a combination of courage and humility勇气与谦逊的结合 14. lead to open-minded thinking促成开放的思维方式 15. feel unsuccessful, unmotivated and inferior to others感到不成功、缺乏动力且不如他人 16. lead you to fail导致你失败 17. differ from person to person因人而异 18. fail to fulfil expectations未能达到预期 19. get trapped in the cage of self-doubt被困在自我怀疑的牢笼中 20. work on positive thinking培养积极思维（或：致力于积极思考） 21. let sb. down让某人失望 22. set realistic goals设定切实可行的目标（或：制定现实的目标） 23. visualize yourself achieving these goals想象自己实现这些目标（或：在脑海中设想自己达成这些目标的场景） 24. break down the overall goal into smaller and more measurable tasks将总体目标分解为更小、更易衡量的任务 25. permit yourself to make mistakes允许自己犯错 26. reflect on反思；思考（后接具体内容，如 “reflect on past experiences” 意为 “反思过往经历”） ( richielee ) ( 20 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $