Unit 1 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures（导学案）英语人教版2019必修第二册

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful Structures（导学案）原卷版 【学习目标】 1. 区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句，掌握非限制性定语从句中逗号的正确使用规则。 2. 能在不同语境中准确运用关系代词，避免出现关系代词选择错误、限制性定语从句中遗漏关系代词等常见问题。 3. 分析对比不同类型的定语从句，提升批判性思维能力，判断它们在语义和句法上的差异。 4. 结合文化遗产主题，加深对不同文化的理解与尊重，认识文化遗产作为文化重要载体的意义。 【学习重难点】 教学重点 1. 概念区分：明确限制性与非限制性定语从句在与先行词的关系、标点符号使用、引导词选择上的核心差异。 2. 关系词运用：熟练掌握限制性定语从句中“用that不用which”的七种情况，以及关系词可省略的四种情况。 3. 特殊结构：学会“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句的五种构成形式，以及选择介词的四个依据。 教学难点 1. 语境判断：根据句子含义和逻辑，准确判断定语从句类型（限制性/非限制性），并正确使用标点和引导词。 2. 固定搭配：区分“介词＋关系代词”结构中可拆分与不可拆分的动词短语，避免介词提前错误。 3. 综合运用：将定语从句知识融入实际表达，完成定义解释、故事续写等产出类任务。 【预习清单】 一、基础回顾 1. 写出下列定语从句相关术语的英文表达： - 先行词：___________ - 关系代词：___________ - 关系副词：___________ - 限制性定语从句：___________ - 非限制性定语从句：___________ 2. 用合适的关系词填空，并判断从句类型（限制性/非限制性）： - This is the book ______ I borrowed from the library yesterday.（______） - My sister, ______ works in Beijing, will come back next week.（______） - I still remember the day ______ we first met.（______） - The house, ______ window faces south, is very bright.（______） 二、短语与句型 1. 翻译下列与定语从句相关的核心表达： - give way to：___________ - keep the balance between...and...：___________ - prevent...from...：___________ - There comes a time when...：___________ 2. 思考：在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，介词选择通常与什么有关？试举1-2个例子说明。 一、Lead In 1. 分析歌曲歌词中的定语从句，找出先行词、关系词，并判断关系词在从句中的成分： - She is the one ______ you’ll never forget. - 先行词：______ 关系词：______ 成分：______ - She is the heaven-sent angel ______ you met. - 先行词：______ 关系词：______ 成分：______ - Oh, she must be the reason ______ God made a girl. - 先行词：______ 关系词：______ 成分：______ 二、Presentation 1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词的关系 标点符号 引导词 先行词范围 即学即练 (1)The museum we visited yesterday displays ancient Chinese paintings. (2)Beijing, is the capital of China, will host the 2025 World Athletics Championships. (3)Students participate in volunteer activities often gain more social experience. (4)The author, I met at a book fair, has written over 20 novels. (5)My grandfather, is 80 years old, still plays chess every day. (6)The novel she recommended to me last week has become a bestseller. 2.限制性定语从句的三种用法 · 定语从句中关系代词用that不用which的七种情况 (1) 当先行词是all、much、little、few、everything、anything、nothing、none等不定代词或被不定代词all, little, much, few, every, any, no等修饰时。 e.g. I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else’s mistake. (2) 当先行词被the only、the same、the right、the very、the last等修饰时。 e.g. Mike is the only person was present at that time. (3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 e.g. The present time is the best gift you can give yourself. (4) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 e.g. Don’t trust the first sign you see. (5) 当先行词中既有表示人，又有表示物的名词时。 e.g. I can remember well the persons and some pictures I saw in the room. (6) 主句为who或which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who, whom, which, what时。 e.g. Which is the car you bought last week? (7) 当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 e.g. Jiangsu is no longer the province it used to be. 即学即练 (1)Which is the book you borrowed from the library? (2)We talked about the people and things we remembered. (3)The first thing he did was to call his mother. (4)She is the only person can solve this problem. (5)This is one of the most exciting football games I have ever seen. (6)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range. (7)The little money he had was spent on books. · 定语从句中关系词可以省略的四种情况 (1) 当先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系词通常省略。 e.g. I have taken with me the two books (that/which) you asked me to return to the City Library. (2) 当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时， 可以省略。 e.g. China is not the country (that) it was. (3) 当先行词是way、time、reason等且它们在定语从句中分别作方式状语、时间状语、原因状语时，其后的定语从句中相应的关系词that/in which、when、why/that 等可以省略。 e.g. The reason (why/that) he wanted to sell his house was that he needed a lot of money for his operation. (4) 当由and、but、or等并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可以省略，但第二个及以后的关系词一般不可以省略。 e.g. This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I found very interesting. 即学即练 补全下列句中省略的关系词 (1)I don't know the exact time ( ) the sports meet will take place. (2)The exact year ( ) Angela and her family spent together in China is 2008. (3)That was the way ( ) she worked the problem out. (4)The man ( ) you spoke to just now is our English teacher. (5)I believe the reason ( ) Mary gave for her absence from the school. · “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 —— 五种构成形式 (1)“名词 (代词)＋介词＋关系代词​”在从句中充当主语，用于描述先行词的所属关系或特征，该结构可灵活转化为“whose＋名词”结构。 e.g. Recently, I bought an ancient vase, whose price was very reasonable. = Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable. (2) “数词 (形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词​”在从句中担任主语，用于对先行词进行数量限定或特征比较 ，​数词还可以用some、many、most、each等不定代词替换。 e.g. He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever. (3) “介词 (短语)＋关系代词​”在从句中充当状语，用于表示时间、地点、方式等逻辑关系 ，关系代词只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人），且不可省略。该结构常与关系副词（when、where、why）互换。 e.g. Tom is the person about whom you should care. (4) “介词＋关系代词＋名词​”，介词与关系代词（常用 which 和 whose）后接名词，如“for which reason” “in whose house” 。​ e.g. The company faced financial difficulties, for which reason several employees were laid off. (5)“介词＋关系副词​”，在关系副词where、when前添加介词 from 或 to，如“from where” “to when”。​该结构通常在普通关系副词表意模糊时使用，通过介词增强语境的准确性，但需避免过度使用，以免造成句子结构复杂难懂。 e.g. There is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station. —— 选用介词的四个依据 (1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯 (即固定短语) 选用相应的介词。 e.g. She is the colleague whom I always depend for help. (2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯 (约定俗成，不一定是短语) 选用相应的介词。 e.g. The condition which they agreed to work is high pay. e.g. The wall which he painted a picture is in the living room. (3) 根据句子的意思来选择介词。 e.g. The money which we can't buy the ticket is lost. e.g. The colorless gas which we cannot live is called oxygen. (4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 e.g. I have about 50 books, half of which are about how to operate machines. e.g. The class, which 30 students are from abroad, is very diverse. 注意：在定语从句中，有一些含有介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after、look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 ① The job that he is looking for is challenging. ( ) ② The job for which he is looking is challenging. ( ) ③ The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. ( ) ④ The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. ( ) 技巧：固定短语词义依赖介词则不可拆，动词独立表义则可拆。通过还原句子、判断动词及物 / 不及物，可快速避免介词提前错误。 即学即练 (1)The tower which people can have a good view is on the hill. (2)We live in an age which everyone values time very much. (3)Gun control is a subject which Americans argued for a long time. (4)I wanted to find someone whom I could discuss books and music. (5)The reason which she did it is that she wouldn’t let her parents disappointed. (6)This is my pair of glasses, which I can't see clearly. (7)I’ll never forget the time which I spent my childhood in the countryside. (8)The little girl is reading a book, which there are many pictures. 三、Production Task 1: Work in pairs and play a game of definitions. One asks the questions below and the other answers them with relative clauses. Work out two more questions of your own. Example: A: What is an exit? B: An exit is the door where/ through which you can leave a building. Task 2: Carry out an “Attributive Clause Story Relay” in groups, where each student continues the story with a sentence containing an attributive clause, requiring logical coherence. Example: 关键词：ancestral relic（祖传遗物）、ancient village（古村落）、handwritten recipe（手写食谱） 开头句：Last summer, my grandmother gave me a wooden box that had been passed down in our family for six generations. 延续句：The box, which was engraved with strange patterns, contained a map …… 4、 Summary 用思维导图形式梳理本课时核心知识 五、Assessment 六、Homework Basic Level Complete the supporting grammar exercises that were not finished in today's class. Intermediate Level Rewrite the given pairs of sentences into one sentence with an attributive clause, using the provided antecedents. Advanced Level Write a short essay titled “My Favorite Place”, using at least 3 attributive clauses and advanced vocabulary learned in this unit. 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful Structures（导学案）解析版 【学习目标】 1. 区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句，掌握非限制性定语从句中逗号的正确使用规则。 2. 能在不同语境中准确运用关系代词，避免出现关系代词选择错误、限制性定语从句中遗漏关系代词等常见问题。 3. 分析对比不同类型的定语从句，提升批判性思维能力，判断它们在语义和句法上的差异。 4. 结合文化遗产主题，加深对不同文化的理解与尊重，认识文化遗产作为文化重要载体的意义。 【学习重难点】 教学重点 1. 概念区分：明确限制性与非限制性定语从句在与先行词的关系、标点符号使用、引导词选择上的核心差异。 2. 关系词运用：熟练掌握限制性定语从句中“用that不用which”的七种情况，以及关系词可省略的四种情况。 3. 特殊结构：学会“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句的五种构成形式，以及选择介词的四个依据。 教学难点 1. 语境判断：根据句子含义和逻辑，准确判断定语从句类型（限制性/非限制性），并正确使用标点和引导词。 2. 固定搭配：区分“介词＋关系代词”结构中可拆分与不可拆分的动词短语，避免介词提前错误。 3. 综合运用：将定语从句知识融入实际表达，完成定义解释、故事续写等产出类任务。 【预习清单】 一、基础回顾 1. 写出下列定语从句相关术语的英文表达： - 先行词：___________ - 关系代词：___________ - 关系副词：___________ - 限制性定语从句：___________ - 非限制性定语从句：___________ 2. 用合适的关系词填空，并判断从句类型（限制性/非限制性）： - This is the book ______ I borrowed from the library yesterday.（______） - My sister, ______ works in Beijing, will come back next week.（______） - I still remember the day ______ we first met.（______） - The house, ______ window faces south, is very bright.（______） 二、短语与句型 1. 翻译下列与定语从句相关的核心表达： - give way to：___________ - keep the balance between...and...：___________ - prevent...from...：___________ - There comes a time when...：___________ 2. 思考：在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，介词选择通常与什么有关？试举1-2个例子说明。 【答案】 1. 写出下列定语从句相关术语的英文表达： 先行词：antecedent 关系代词：relative pronoun 关系副词：relative adverb 限制性定语从句：restrictive attributive clause 非限制性定语从句：non-restrictive attributive clause 2. 关系词填空与从句类型判断 This is the book that/which I borrowed from the library yesterday.（限制性定语从句） 解析：先行词 “the book” 指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，可填 “that” 或 “which”；从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰，去掉后句意不完整，故为限制性定语从句。 My sister, who works in Beijing, will come back next week.（非限制性定语从句） 解析：先行词 “my sister” 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，需用 “who”；从句用逗号与主句隔开，仅补充说明先行词，去掉后句意仍完整，故为非限制性定语从句。 I still remember the day when we first met.（限制性定语从句） 解析：先行词 “the day” 指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，需用 “when”；从句是先行词的必要修饰，去掉后无法明确 “记得的是哪一天”，故为限制性定语从句。 The house, whose window faces south, is very bright.（非限制性定语从句） 解析：先行词 “the house” 与从句中 “window” 存在所属关系，需用 “whose”；从句用逗号隔开，仅补充说明房子的特征，去掉后仍能明确 “房子很明亮”，故为非限制性定语从句。 二、短语翻译与 “介词＋关系代词” 思考 1. 短语翻译 give way to：让步于；屈服于 keep the balance between...and...：在…… 和…… 之间保持平衡 prevent...from...：阻止……（做某事） There comes a time when...：…… 的时代到来 2. “介词＋关系代词” 中介词的选择依据 介词选择通常与定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯、先行词的搭配习惯有关。例如：“depend on sb”中，on与depend固定搭配，故定语从句可写为“She is the colleague on whom I always depend for help.”；“under the condition”中，under与condition固定搭配，故定语从句可写为“The condition under which they agreed to work is high pay.” 一、Lead In 1. 分析歌曲歌词中的定语从句，找出先行词、关系词，并判断关系词在从句中的成分： - She is the one ______ you’ll never forget. - 先行词：______ 关系词：______ 成分：______ - She is the heaven-sent angel ______ you met. - 先行词：______ 关系词：______ 成分：______ - Oh, she must be the reason ______ God made a girl. - 先行词：______ 关系词：______ 成分：______ 【答案】 - that/who；先行词：the one；关系词：that/who；成分：宾语 - that/who/whom；先行词：the heaven-sent angel；关系词：that/who/whom；成分：宾语 - why；先行词：the reason；关系词：why；成分：原因状语 二、Presentation 1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词的关系 标点符号 引导词 先行词范围 【答案】 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词的关系 是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整 是先行词的补充说明，去掉后句意不受影响。 标点符号 不用逗号隔开。 必须用逗号与主句隔开。 引导词 可用 that（指人 / 物），关系代词作宾语时可省略。 不可用 that，关系代词即使作宾语也不可省略。 先行词范围 从句修饰先行词。 从句修饰先行词，前面的整个句子或其中的一部分。 即学即练 (1)The museum we visited yesterday displays ancient Chinese paintings. (2)Beijing, is the capital of China, will host the 2025 World Athletics Championships. (3)Students participate in volunteer activities often gain more social experience. (4)The author, I met at a book fair, has written over 20 novels. (5)My grandfather, is 80 years old, still plays chess every day. (6)The novel she recommended to me last week has become a bestseller. 【答案】 (1)that (2)which (3)that/who (4)Whom (5)who (6)that/which 2.限制性定语从句的三种用法 · 定语从句中关系代词用that不用which的七种情况 (1) 当先行词是all、much、little、few、everything、anything、nothing、none等不定代词或被不定代词all, little, much, few, every, any, no等修饰时。 e.g. I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else’s mistake. (2) 当先行词被the only、the same、the right、the very、the last等修饰时。 e.g. Mike is the only person was present at that time. (3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 e.g. The present time is the best gift you can give yourself. (4) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 e.g. Don’t trust the first sign you see. (5) 当先行词中既有表示人，又有表示物的名词时。 e.g. I can remember well the persons and some pictures I saw in the room. (6) 主句为who或which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who, whom, which, what时。 e.g. Which is the car you bought last week? (7) 当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 e.g. Jiangsu is no longer the province it used to be. 【答案】(1)that (2)that (3)that (4)that (5)that (6)that (7)that 即学即练 (1)Which is the book you borrowed from the library? (2)We talked about the people and things we remembered. (3)The first thing he did was to call his mother. (4)She is the only person can solve this problem. (5)This is one of the most exciting football games I have ever seen. (6)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range. (7)The little money he had was spent on books. 【答案】(1)that (2)that (3)that (4)that (5)that (6)that (7)that · 定语从句中关系词可以省略的四种情况 (1) 当先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系词通常省略。 e.g. I have taken with me the two books (that/which) you asked me to return to the City Library. (2) 当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时， 可以省略。 e.g. China is not the country (that) it was. (3) 当先行词是way、time、reason等且它们在定语从句中分别作方式状语、时间状语、原因状语时，其后的定语从句中相应的关系词that/in which、when、why/that 等可以省略。 e.g. The reason (why/that) he wanted to sell his house was that he needed a lot of money for his operation. (4) 当由and、but、or等并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可以省略，但第二个及以后的关系词一般不可以省略。 e.g. This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I found very interesting. 即学即练 补全下列句中省略的关系词 (1)I don't know the exact time ( ) the sports meet will take place. (2)The exact year ( ) Angela and her family spent together in China is 2008. (3)That was the way ( ) she worked the problem out. (4)The man ( ) you spoke to just now is our English teacher. (5)I believe the reason ( ) Mary gave for her absence from the school. 【答案】(1)when (2)which/that (3)in which/that (4)whom/who/that (5)that/which · “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 —— 五种构成形式 (1)“名词 (代词)＋介词＋关系代词​”在从句中充当主语，用于描述先行词的所属关系或特征，该结构可灵活转化为“whose＋名词”结构。 e.g. Recently, I bought an ancient vase, whose price was very reasonable. = Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable. (2) “数词 (形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词​”在从句中担任主语，用于对先行词进行数量限定或特征比较 ，​数词还可以用some、many、most、each等不定代词替换。 e.g. He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever. (3) “介词 (短语)＋关系代词​”在从句中充当状语，用于表示时间、地点、方式等逻辑关系 ，关系代词只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人），且不可省略。该结构常与关系副词（when、where、why）互换。 e.g. Tom is the person about whom you should care. (4) “介词＋关系代词＋名词​”，介词与关系代词（常用 which 和 whose）后接名词，如“for which reason” “in whose house” 。​ e.g. The company faced financial difficulties, for which reason several employees were laid off. (5)“介词＋关系副词​”，在关系副词where、when前添加介词 from 或 to，如“from where” “to when”。​该结构通常在普通关系副词表意模糊时使用，通过介词增强语境的准确性，但需避免过度使用，以免造成句子结构复杂难懂。 e.g. There is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station. —— 选用介词的四个依据 (1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯 (即固定短语) 选用相应的介词。 e.g. She is the colleague whom I always depend for help. (2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯 (约定俗成，不一定是短语) 选用相应的介词。 e.g. The condition which they agreed to work is high pay. e.g. The wall which he painted a picture is in the living room. (3) 根据句子的意思来选择介词。 e.g. The money which we can't buy the ticket is lost. e.g. The colorless gas which we cannot live is called oxygen. (4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 e.g. I have about 50 books, half of which are about how to operate machines. e.g. The class, which 30 students are from abroad, is very diverse. 注意：在定语从句中，有一些含有介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after、look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 ① The job that he is looking for is challenging. ( ) ② The job for which he is looking is challenging. ( ) ③ The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. ( ) ④ The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. ( ) 技巧：固定短语词义依赖介词则不可拆，动词独立表义则可拆。通过还原句子、判断动词及物 / 不及物，可快速避免介词提前错误。 【答案】 (1)(depend on sb.“依赖某人”) (2)(under the condition “在…… 条件下”) (on the wall “在墙上”) (3)without、without (4)of (5)✔、❌、✔、❌ 即学即练 (1)The tower which people can have a good view is on the hill. (2)We live in an age which everyone values time very much. (3)Gun control is a subject which Americans argued for a long time. (4)I wanted to find someone whom I could discuss books and music. (5)The reason which she did it is that she wouldn’t let her parents disappointed. (6)This is my pair of glasses, which I can't see clearly. (7)I’ll never forget the time which I spent my childhood in the countryside. (8)The little girl is reading a book, which there are many pictures. 【答案】(1)from(2)in(3)about(4)with(5)for(6)without(7)during(8)in 三、Production Task 1: Work in pairs and play a game of definitions. One asks the questions below and the other answers them with relative clauses. Work out two more questions of your own. Example: A: What is an exit? B: An exit is the door where/ through which you can leave a building. Task 2: Carry out an “Attributive Clause Story Relay” in groups, where each student continues the story with a sentence containing an attributive clause, requiring logical coherence. Example: 关键词：ancestral relic（祖传遗物）、ancient village（古村落）、handwritten recipe（手写食谱） 开头句：Last summer, my grandmother gave me a wooden box that had been passed down in our family for six generations. 延续句：The box, which was engraved with strange patterns, contained a map …… 【答案】Task 1：定义问答游戏 1. 基础问题与回答 A: What is a library? B: A library is a place where/ in which you can borrow books and read quietly. A: What is a good friend? B: A good friend is someone who/ whom you can turn to for help when you’re in trouble. A: What is a vacation? B: A vacation is a time when/ during which we can travel to different places and relax. A: What is a football coach? B: A football coach is a person who/ from whom players learn skills and team strategies. 2. 自定义问题与回答 A: What is a museum? B: A museum is a building where/ in which many ancient relics and artworks are shown. A: What is a dictionary? B: A dictionary is a book which/ that helps us look up the meanings and usages of words. Task 2：定语从句故事接力 完整故事（围绕关键词展开，每句含定语从句） Last summer, my grandmother gave me a wooden box that had been passed down in our family for six generations. The box, which was engraved with strange patterns of flowers and birds, contained a map that marked the location of an ancient village. The ancient village, where my great-grandfather used to live, was hidden in a small valley that few people knew about. During our trip to the village, we met an old man who told us stories about the handwritten recipe that our family once had. The handwritten recipe, which recorded the way to make traditional mooncakes, was kept in a small temple that stood at the center of the village. We finally found the recipe, which was wrapped in a piece of yellow cloth that had turned soft over time. 4、 Summary 用思维导图形式梳理本课时核心知识 五、Assessment 六、Homework Basic Level Complete the supporting grammar exercises that were not finished in today's class. Intermediate Level Rewrite the given pairs of sentences into one sentence with an attributive clause, using the provided antecedents. Advanced Level Write a short essay titled “My Favorite Place”, using at least 3 attributive clauses and advanced vocabulary learned in this unit. 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $