内容正文:
专项08 补全短文
01 解题小技巧
02【题型一】 选词填空
03【题型二】 选句填空
04【题型三】 首字母填空
解题小技巧
小学英语 “补全短文题”(含选词填空、首字母填空、选句填空)核心考查上下文逻辑、时态匹配及固定搭配,掌握以下技巧可快速破题:
一、选词填空类:先分析单词属性,再匹配语境与时态
· 第一步:标注备选单词的词性(如动词、名词、形容词)和时态(如动词过去式、原形),例如 “smile(动词原形,微笑)”“laughed(动词过去式,大笑)”。
· 第二步:根据空格前后的提示词判断需求,如空格前是 “there”,需填 be 动词(was/were);空格前是主语,需填动词(结合时态,如过去时填 “lived”)。
· 第三步:代入验证,确保语法正确且符合上下文逻辑,例如 “frog(青蛙)” 是单数,“there be” 句型中 be 动词用 “was”。
二、选句填空类:先分析段落逻辑,再匹配选项语义
· 第一步:梳理短文情节(如 “狐狸想吃公鸡” 的故事),明确空格前后的逻辑关系(因果、转折、承接)。
· 第二步:逐一分析选项语义,如选项 D “This is my breakfast”,对应狐狸看到公鸡时的心理活动,可填入第一空;选项 E “He closed his eyes and began to sing”,对应公鸡被夸赞后唱歌的行为,可填入第二空。
· 第三步:代入选项,通读验证是否符合情节发展,确保语句连贯。
三、首字母填空类:先抓上下文关键信息,再结合固定表达
· 第一步:通读短文,确定整体时态(如 “last weekend” 提示一般过去时,动词填过去式)。
· 第二步:根据首字母和语境联想单词,如 “weather was cold and w___”,结合 “cold” 可知填 “windy(有风的)”;“couldn’t r___ the ball”,结合 “reach(够到)” 的含义和首字母 “r”,确定填 “reach”。
· 第三步:检查单词形式,如名词是否变复数(“newspaper” 变 “newspapers”)、动词是否变过去式(“look” 变 “looked”)。
【题型一】选词填空类
(一)
读一读,从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式补全短文。
smile be laugh live jump
Long long ago, there 1 a frog. He 2 in a well(井). He had never left the well. He thought the sky was as big as the mouth of the well. One day, a bird flew to the well. The frog said, “Friend, the sky is only as big as the mouth of the well. Why do you fly so far?” The bird 3 and said, “You are wrong. The sky is big and endless(无边无际的)!” The frog 4 and said, “My friend, I sit in the well every day. I can see the sky.” The bird also smiled and said, “My friend, if you don’t believe me, jump out of the well and have a look.” The frog 5 out of the well. He was very surprised. He found(find的过去式) that the sky was really big.
【题型二】选句填空类
(一)
选择适当选项补全短文。
One morning, a fox saw a cock (公鸡). He thought, “ 1 .” He came up to the cock and said, “I know you can sing very well. Can you sing for me?” The cock was glad. 2 . The fox saw that and caught him in his mouth, and then he carried the cock away. The people in the field saw the fox. They cried, “Look! Look! 3 .” The cock said to the fox, “Mr. Fox, do you understand? The people say you are carrying their cock away. Tell them I am yours, not theirs.” 4 . “The cock is mine, not yours.” 5 and flew into the tree.
A.The fox opened his mouth and said
B.The fox is carrying the cock away
C.Just then, the cock ran away from the fox
D.This is my breakfast
E.He closed his eyes and began to sing
(二)
选择适当选项补全短文。
Lucy is twelve. 1 In spring, she wants to wear red sweaters, In summer, she likes wearing white skirts and in winter, she likes wearing orange coat. Her mother often says to her “Helen, don’t spend(花) much time on your clothes. You should work hard.”
Tim is only eight. He doesn’t like having rice, fruit or vegetables(蔬菜). He likes bread, hamburgers and cola (可乐). And he likes sweets best(最). He often asks some cola and hamburgers for breakfast. 2
Uncle Li is a bus driver. And he works very hard. He works five days a week. 3 He likes sports and he plays basketball well. He likes reading and he can read some English books. On Saturdays and Sundays, he can go to the cinema with his family. He likes making things and he can make toy cars too.
A.Uncle Li has a lot of hobbies.
B.Women like clothes very much.
C.She likes new clothes.
D.Tim has a bad healthy diet(健康饮食).
【题型三】首字母填空类
(一)
根据图意,填写合适的单词,完成句子。
It was 1 in the morning. Yang Ling and her friends went to the park by 2 . In the park, they 3 some interesting parrots and 4 kites. They brought some food there, but they didn’t eat. Because there were some ants and bees on the food. Then, the weather 5 rainy. They were hungry and wet.
(二)
看图,根据上下文及首字母提示完成短文。
On a winter morning, Mr Brown w 1 in the street in a heavy coat. The weather was cold and w 2 .
Suddenly, he s 3 a ball in a tree and there was a boy under the tree. The boy l 4 very sad b 5 he couldn’t reach the ball.
Mr Brown threw his u 6 at the ball. The ball fell off. The boy got the ball and happily t 7 it home.
Mr Brown was happy too. But his umbrella was in the tree. He couldn’t c 8 trees. Now he l 9 his umbrella. He b 10 sad.
(三)
根据上下文或首字母提示完成短文。
Last weekend, we had a b 1 school trip. Some students were l 2 . Then we waited half an hour for the school bus, but it didn’t c 3 . At last, we decided (决定) to take the subway. It took us about an hour to g 4 to the zoo. We wanted to see pandas, but there weren’t a 5 . Then it started to r 6 , and no one h 7 an umbrella. So we went for lunch. My friends had some ice cream, but I didn’t, because I dislike it. We didn’t see many animals b 8 the weather was bad. When we went b 9 to school, we were w 10 and tired. I didn’t like my school trip at all.
(四)
根据首字母和上下文提示完成填空,每空一词。
Six years a 1 , Joe w 2 five years old. She c 3 d 4 pictures. But she c 5 ride a bike. She d 6 go to school either. Now she is 11 years old. She g 7 to school every day. She s 8 hard. After school, she often p 9 games with her f 10 Helen and Su Hai.
(五)
根据首字母提示填词,完成短文。
Thirty years ago, Mr Brown l 1 in a small house in a small town near London.There were not many cars in the streets. He did not h 2 a TV or a radio. He could only read n 3 for news.
Now Mr Brown has a big house with a garden. He can t 4 the metro to the city centre. He has a computer. He reads and w 5 news on the Internet.
(六)
看图,根据上下文及首字母提示完成短文。
Look at this photo. My grandma took it thirty years a 1 . She went to the nature park by bus with my grandpa and my father b 2 they didn’t have a car t 3 . In the photo, there were some n 4 on the grass. At that time, my grandpa r 5 newspapers every day, but now he usually uses h 6 mobile phone to w 7 news. My father was a little boy then and he l 8 wearing jeans, but now he works in a big company and he h 9 to wear suits for his w 10 . My father and my grandpa have changed a lot, but they are happy all the time.
参考答案及解析
第 1 页 共 6 页
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
【题型一】
1.was 2.lived 3.laughed 4.smiled 5.jumped
【导语】本文主要介绍坐井观天的故事。
1.句意:很久以前,有一只青蛙。有there be,根据ago可知句子是一般过去时,空后是单数名词,所以be用was,故答案为was。
2.句意:他住在一口井里。live居住,根据句意可知句子是一般过去时,动词用过去式lived,故答案为lived。
3.句意:这只鸟笑着说,laugh笑,said是过去式,and连接前后相同的形式,所以laugh也用过去式laughed,故答案为laughed。
4.句意:青蛙微笑着说,smile微笑,said是过去式,and连接前后相同的形式,所以smil也用过去式smiled,故答案为smiled。
5.句意:青蛙跳出井。jump跳,根据文章可知句子是一般过去时,所以jump用过去式jumped,故答案为jumped。
【题型二】
(一)1.D 2.E 3.B 4.A 5.C
【导语】本文讲述了狐狸和公鸡的故事。
1.联系上下文可知狐狸想吃掉公鸡,根据原文“One morning, a fox saw a cock (公鸡). He thought, ”可知早上狐狸看到公鸡想把他吃掉,D项“这是我的早餐。”符合题意,故选D。
2.根据原文“I know you can sing very well. Can you sing for me? The cock was glad.”可知公鸡听到狐狸夸他唱歌好听很开心,愿意唱歌,E项“他闭上眼睛开始唱歌。”符合题意,故选E。
3.根据原文“The people in the field saw the fox. They cried,” 可知人们在田野里看到了叼着公鸡的狐狸,并大喊快看,B项“狐狸正叼着公鸡跑呢。”符合题意,故选B。
4.根据原文狐狸说的话“The cock is mine, not yours.”可知狐狸开口说公鸡是属于他的,A项“狐狸张开口并说道。”符合题意,故选A。
5.根据原文后半句“and flew into the tree.”可知公鸡飞到树上去了,C项“然后,这只公鸡就从狐狸嘴里跑了。”符合题意,故选C。
(二)1.C 2.D 3.A
【导语】本文介绍露西喜欢新衣服,提姆喜欢不健康的事物,李叔叔有许多爱好。
1.根据下文露西在不同的季节穿不同的衣服可知选项C“她喜欢新衣服。”符合语境,故选C。
2.本段主人公是提姆,且上文介绍了提姆不喜欢吃蔬菜水果等,喜欢汉堡可乐等,选项D“提姆有一个不好的健康饮食。”符合语境,故选D。
3.根据下文李叔叔喜欢运动,喜欢打篮球,喜欢读书,喜欢制作东西等可知选项A“李叔叔有许多的爱好。”符合语境,故选A。
【题型三】
(一)1.sunny 2.bike 3.saw 4.flew 5.became
【导语】本文主要介绍了杨玲和朋友们去公园玩所见到的情况。
1.句意:今天上午天气晴朗。根据句意及图片可知该空填形容词sunny天晴的,故答案为sunny。
2.句意:杨玲和她的朋友们骑车去公园。by+交通工具表示乘……,根据句意及图片可知骑自行车by bike,故答案为bike。
3.句意:在公园里他们看到许多有趣的鹦鹉并放了风筝。由于文章是一般过去时,根据句意可知该空填see的过去式saw,故答案为saw。
4.句意:在公园里他们看到许多有趣的鹦鹉并放了风筝。根据句意及图片放风筝为fly kites,由于文章为一般过去时,fly的过去式是flew,故答案为flew。
5.句意:然后,天气变得下雨了。根据句意及图片可知该空填系动词become的过去式became,故答案为became。
(二)
1.walked 2.windy 3.saw 4.looked 5.because 6.umbrella 7.took 8.climb 9.lost 10.became
【导语】本文介绍了布朗先生用他的雨伞把男孩的球从树上够了下来,男孩很开心,但是布朗先生不开心,因为他无法爬树拿到他的雨伞,他很悲伤。
1.句意:在一个寒冷冬天的早上,布朗先生穿着厚厚的衣服走在街道上。根据首字母和句意应该是走路walk,时态为一般过去时,walk过去式为walked,故答案为walked。
2.句意:天气是冷的且多风的。根据首字母和图片提示应该是风wind,and连接前后两个词词性一致,cold冷的,wind的形容词是windy。故答案为windy。
3.句意:突然,他看见树上有个球,树下有个小男孩。根据首字母和句意应该是看见see,时态为一般过去时,see过去式为saw,故答案为saw。
4.句意:男孩看上去很悲伤因为他够不到球。根据首字母和句意应该是看上去look,时态为一般过去时,look过去式为looked,故答案为looked。
5.句意:男孩看上去很悲伤因为他够不到球。根据首字母和句意应该是因为because,故答案为because。
6.句意:布朗先生把他的雨伞扔向球。根据首字母和图片应该是雨伞umbrella,故答案为umbrella。
7.句意:男孩得到球开心地拿着球回到了家。根据首字母和句意应该是拿着take,时态为一般过去时,take过去式为took,故答案为took。
8.句意:他不能爬树。根据首字母和句意应该是爬climb,couldn’t不能,情态动词后加动词原形,故答案为climb。
9.句意:现在他丢了他的雨伞。根据首字母和句意应该是丢失lose,时态为一般过去时,lose过去式为lost,故答案为lost。
10.句意:他变得悲伤了。根据首字母和句意应该是变得become,时态为一般过去时,become过去式为became,故答案为became。
(三)
1.bad 2.late 3.come 4.get 5.any 6.rain 7.had 8.because 9.back 10.wet
【导语】本文讲了上周末的学校旅行。
1.句意:上周末,我们的学校旅行很糟糕。根据首字母及下文,可知单词为bad坏的;糟糕的,形容词,修饰名词,故答案为bad。
2.句意:一些学生迟到了。be late迟到,固定搭配,故答案为late。
3.句意:然后我们等了半个小时的校车,但它没有来。根据首字母及句意,可知单词为come来,ddin’t后跟动词原形,故答案为come。
4.句意:我们花了大约一个小时去动物园。根据首字母及句意,可知考查get to到达,It took sb some time to do sth.做某事花费了某人多长时间。故答案为get。
5.句意:我们想看熊猫,但没有。第二句是否定句,根据首字母及句意,可知单词为any任何,故答案为any。
6.句意:然后开始下雨,没有人带雨伞。根据首字母及句意,可知单词为rain下雨,start to do sth开始做某事,故答案为rain。
7.句意:然后开始下雨,没有人带雨伞。句子是一般过去时,根据首字母及句意,可知单词为had有,have/has的过去式,故答案为had。
8.句意:因为天气不好,我们没有看到很多动物。根据首字母及句意,可知单词为because因为,故答案为because。
9.句意:当我们回到学校时,我们又湿又累。根据首字母及句意,可知考查go back to返回到,went是go的过去式,故答案为back。
10.句意:当我们回到学校时,我们又湿又累。根据首字母及句意,可知单词为wet湿的,故答案为wet。
(四)
1.ago 2.was 3.collected 4.different 5.couldn’t 6.didn’t 7.goes 8.studies 9.plays 10.friends
【导语】本文主要介绍了乔六年前和六年后的不同。
1.句意:六年前,乔5岁。根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词ago,副词,以前,故答案为ago。
2.句意:六年前,乔5岁。根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词was,一般过去时态be动词的过去式,主语是第三人称单数,be动词用was,故答案为was。
3.句意:她收集不同的图片。根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词collect,动词,收集,时态是一般过去时,动词collect用过去式collected,故答案为collected。
4.句意:她收集不同的图片。根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词different,形容词,不同的,故答案为different。
5.句意:但是她不会骑自行车。根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词couldn’t,不会,情态动词,故答案为couldn’t。
6.句意:她也没有去上学。根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词didn’t,一般过去时态含有实义动词的陈述句的否定形式的助动词,故答案为didn’t。
7.句意:她每天去上学。根据根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词go,根据every day可知时态是一般现在时,go用第三人称单数goes,故答案为goes。
8.句意:她学习努力。根据根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词study,动词,学习,时态是一般现在时态,主语是she,动词study用第三人称单数studies,故答案为studies。
9.句意:放学后,她和她的朋友海伦和苏海玩游戏。根据根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词play,play games动词短语,玩游戏,时态是一般现在时态,主语是she,play用第三人称单数plays,故答案为plays。
10.句意:放学后,她和她的朋友海伦和苏海玩游戏。根据根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词friend,名词,朋友,根据“ Helen and Su Hai”可知friend用复数friends,故答案为friends。
(五)
1.lived 2.have 3.newspapers 4.take 5.watches
【导语】本文主要介绍了布朗先生30年前和现在的生活的不同。
1.句意:30年前,布朗先生住在伦敦附近的一个小城镇的一个小房子里。根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词live,动词,居住,根据Thirty years ago可知时态是一般过去时,动词live用过去式lived,故答案为lived。
2.句意:他没有电视或者收音机。根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词have,动词,有,助动词didn’t后面跟动词原形,故答案为have。
3.句意:他仅仅能读报纸获取新闻。根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词newspaper,可数名词,这里用复数表达一类事物,newspaper的复数是newspapers,故答案为newspapers。
4.句意:他可以骑摩托车去市中心。根据首字母和句意可知本题考查单词take,动词,take the metro动词短语,骑摩托车,情态动词can后面跟动词原形,故答案为take。
5.句意:在网上阅读和观看新闻。根据首字母和句意可知本题考查watch,动词,观看,根据reads可知时态是第三人称单数,watch用第三人称单数watches,故答案为watches。
(六)
1.ago 2.because 3.then 4.newspapers 5.read 6.his 7.watch 8.liked 9.has 10.work
【导语】本文主要介绍了一张照片以及爷爷和爸爸的变化。
1.句意:我奶奶三十年前照的。根据句意及首字母提示可知考查单词ago以前,故答案为ago。
2.句意:她和我爷爷还有爸爸一起坐公共汽车去了自然公园,因为当时他们没有车。根据句意及首字母提示可知考查单词because因为,故答案为because。
3.根据句意及首字母提示可知考查单词then那时,故答案为then。
4.句意:照片中,草地上有一些报纸。根据句意及首字母提示可知考查单词newspaper报纸,可数名词单数,some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,newspaper的复数是newspapers,故答案为newspapers。
5.句意:那时,爷爷每天看报纸,但现在他通常用手机看新闻。根据句意及首字母提示可知考查单词read读。根据At that time可知句子时态是一般过去时,所以谓语动词要用过去式,read的过去式是read,故答案为read。
6.根据句意及首字母提示可知考查单词his他的,形容词性物主代词,修饰后面的名词mobile phone,故答案为his。
7.根据句意及首字母提示可知考查单词watch看,watch news看新闻,动词短语,to后跟动词原形,故答案为watch。
8.句意:我父亲当时还是个小男孩,他喜欢穿牛仔裤,但现在他在一家大公司工作,他必须穿西装上班。根据句意及首字母提示可知考查单词like喜欢,句子时态是一般过去时,所以谓语动词要用过去式,like的过去式是liked,故答案为liked。
9.根据句意及首字母提示可知考查短语have to不得不。根据now可知句子时态是一般现在时,主语he是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数,have的第三人称单数是has,故答案为has。
10.根据句意及首字母提示可知考查单词work工作,名词。故答案为work。
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