Unit 3 Family life单元测试（广州专用）-2025-2026学年九年级英语上册单元重难点易错题精练（沪教牛津版）

Unit 3 Family life单元测试（广州专用） 英语 本试卷共四大题，满分90分。考试时间100分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、试室号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。 2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。 3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、语法选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1〜15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Living and dealing with kids can be a difficult job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even 1 . Since I was a teenager, I 2 that communication is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along. With any relationship, you need to let 3 people know your feelings. If you are not able to communicate, things 4 bad. When you are mad at your parents, it is no use not talking to them. If you look 5 the word “communication” in a dictionary, it will say “the exchange (交换) of ideas and information”. 6 a good relationship, you must keep communication strong. Let people know how you feel, even if it’s just by 7 a note. You have to make your parents 8 good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you’ll listen to 9 they say, but they need to listen to you first. 10 away only makes the situation worse. This is 11 example. One night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, but she felt 12 would be impolite of her to go home first. As a result, she was late getting home. Her parents were angry at first, but when Sophie explained 13 she was late, they weren’t so mad. Communication is the key factor there. Problems can only 14 with communication. Just remember, 15 you get into a situation like Sophie’s, tell your parents how you feel. 1．A．difficult B．more difficult C．less difficult D．the most difficult 2．A．have learnt B．learnt C．learn D．will learn 3．A．the others B．another C．other D．others 4．A．become B．will become C．becomes D．are becoming 5．A．in B．to C．up D．at 6．A．Kept B．Keep C．Keeping D．To keep 7．A．writing B．to write C．write D．writes 8．A．felt B．feel C．feels D．to feel 9．A．how B．that C．what D．when 10．A．Walk B．Walks C．Walked D．Walking 11．A．a B．the C．an D．/ 12．A．its B．it C．itself D．it’s 13．A．how B．why C．which D．what 14．A．solve B．be solving C．solved D．be solved 15．A．although B．before C．unless D．if 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．D 【分析】本文介绍了沟通的重要性。交流与沟通是解决孩子和父母之间问题的关键。 1．句意：如今，与孩子生活和打交道可能是一项艰难的工作，但与父母生活和打交道可能更难。 difficult困难的，形容词原级；more difficult更困难的，形容词比较级；less difficult较不难，形容词比较级；the most difficult最困难的，形容词最高级。观察句子，注意到even，那么应该修饰比较级表示“更难”。故选B。 2．句意：从我十几岁起，我就知道沟通是非常重要的，无论是当你不同意的时候，还是当你相处融洽的时候。 have learnt现在完成时；learnt过去式；learn动词原形；will learn一般将来时。根据“Since I was a teenager”可知，应用现在完成时。故选A。 3．句意：在任何关系中，你都需要让别人知道你的感受。 the others剩余的其他人/事；another三者或三者以上的另一个；other其他的；others其他。分析句子结构可知，应填形容词other，修饰名词people，泛指其他人。故选C。 4．句意：如果你不能交流，事情就会变得很糟糕。 become动词原形；will become一般将来时；becomes一般现在时第三人称单数形式；are becoming现在进行时。根据“If you are not able to communicate”可知，主句应该用一般将来时。故选B。 5．句意：如果你在字典里查“交流”这个词，它会说“思想和信息的交流”。 in在……里，在……状态中；to向，到，对；up往……上端，沿……往上；at在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间），以（某种价格、速度等）。look up ... in a dictionary在字典里查……。故选C。 6．句意：要保持良好的关系，你必须保持强有力的沟通。 Kept过去式；Keep动词原形；Keeping动名词或现在分词形式；To keep动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，应用动词不定式，作状语，表目的。故选D。 7．句意：即使只是写张便条，也要让别人知道你的感受。 writing动名词或现在分词；to write动词不定式；write动词原形；writes动词三单形式。by doing sth通过做某事。故选A。 8．句意：你必须让你的父母对他们作为父母的表现感到满意。 felt过去式；feel动词原形；feels动词三单形式；to feel动词不定式。make sb do sth让某人做某事。故选B。 9．句意：……告诉他们你会听他们说什么，但他们需要先听你说。 how怎么样；that无意义；what什么；when当……时候。分析句子结构可知，应填what，引导宾语从句，并在从句中作动词say的宾语。故选C。 10．句意：离开只会让情况变得更糟。 Walk动词原形；Walks动词三单形式；Walked过去式；Walking动名词或现在分词。分析句子结构可知，应该用动名词形式，作主语。故选D。 11．句意：这是一个例子。 a不定冠词；用在辅音音素开头的词前；the定冠词；an不定冠词，用在元音音素开头的词前；/零冠词。分析句子结构可知，应该用不定冠词，泛指一个例子；example是以元音音素开头发音的单词。故选C。 12．句意：……但是她觉得她先回家是不礼貌的。 they他们；it它；this这个；she她。分析句子结构可知，应用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to go home first。故选B。 13．句意：她的父母一开始很生气，但当苏菲解释她为什么迟到时，他们并没有那么生气。 how怎么样；why为什么；which哪一个；what什么。分析句子结构可知，应用why引导宾语从句，并在从句中作状语，表示原因。故选B。 14．句意：问题只有通过沟通才能解决。 solve动词原形；be solving现在进行时；solved过去式；be solved被动语态。分析句子结构可知，主语Problems和谓语动词solve之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；情态动词can后接动词原形。故选D。 15．句意：记住，如果你遇到了像索菲那样的情况，告诉你的父母你的感受。 although虽然；before在……之前；unless除非；if如果。根据“you get into a situation like Sophie’s”和“tell your parents how you feel”可知，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选D。 二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16〜25各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Childhood is special to us. When I 16 my childhood, I find most of my beautiful childhood memories took place in my mom’s kitchen garden. When I was five, my sister and I owned a piece of 17 in Mom’s kitchen garden. It was small, but we grew our favorite vegetables there. We were each 18 for some of them, getting fertilizer (肥料) for the land and watering the plants. Finally, we 19 for growing better vegetables and enjoyed being the winner with excitement. This process seemed to bring us endless 20 throughout my childhood. Growing into a teenager, however, I was no longer interested in the kitchen garden. And I didn’t realize the joy of planting again 21 I got married and moved to an apartment. To make the house “greener”, my husband 22 some plants to the window sills (窗台). I owned a small kitchen garden again, where I could 23 my favorite vegetables. So I grew some carrots and potatoes, and had fun taking care of them every day. Later, we bought our first house, a country house with a big open space. We decided to turn the space into a kitchen garden. It was not an easy 24 , but it was worth it. Now I feel happy every time I see a garden full of green vegetables. I’m planning to give my children wonderful 25 of a kitchen garden. I can’t wait for them to enjoy the smells, fruits and joy from our own kitchen garden. 16．A．make use of B．take part in C．look up to D．look back at 17．A．wood B．land C．paper D．rubbish 18．A．thankful B．responsible C．famous D．ready 19．A．competed B．developed C．performed D．improved 20．A．courage B．surprise C．pleasure D．experience 21．A．if B．until C．though D．because 22．A．passed B．lent C．added D．threw 23．A．buy B．sell C．process D．produce 24．A．task B．survey C．result D．reason 25．A．introductions B．traditions C．celebrations D．memories 【答案】 16．D 17．B 18．B 19．A 20．C 21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．D 【导语】本文通过叙述作者儿童时期在母亲的厨房花园的回忆，表达了对种植的热爱以及这种兴趣在生活中如何延续和再发现的过程。 16．句意：当我回顾我的童年时，我发现我大部分美好的童年回忆都发生在妈妈的厨房花园里。 make use of利用；take part in参加；look up to敬仰；look back at回顾。根据“When I...my childhood, I find most of my beautiful childhood memories took place in my mom’s kitchen garden.”可知，句中是当我“回顾”我的童年的时候。此处使用“look back at”意为“回顾”符合语境，故选D。 17．句意：当我五岁的时候，我和姐姐在妈妈的厨房花园里有一块地。 wood木头；land土地；paper纸；rubbish垃圾。根据“When I was five, my sister and I owned a piece of...in Mom’s kitchen garden.”可知，此处指在妈妈的花园里有一块“地”，此处指“land”意为“土地”符合语境，故选B。 18．句意：我们每个人都负责其中的一些，为土地施肥和浇灌植物。 thankful感谢的；responsible负责的；famous有名的；ready准备好的。根据“We were each...for some of them, getting fertilizer for the land and watering the plants.”可知，每个人都“负责”其中的一些，“be responsible for”意为“对……负责”，此处意为“负责的”，故选B。 19．句意：最后，我们比赛看谁能种出更好的蔬菜，兴奋地享受成为赢家的喜悦。 competed比赛；developed发展；performed表演；improved提高。根据“Finally, we...for growing better vegetables and enjoyed being the winner with excitement.”可知，句中表达我们进行种菜“比赛”，“competed”意为“比赛”符合语境，故选A。 20．句意：这个过程在我整个童年时期似平给我带来了无尽的快乐。 courage勇气；surprise惊讶；pleasure快乐；experience经历。根据“This process seemed to bring us endless...throughout my childhood.”可知，句子表达种菜的过程给我带来了无尽的“快乐”，“pleasure”意为“快乐”符合语境，故选C。 21．句意：直到我结婚搬进公寓，我才再次意识到种植的乐趣。 if如果；until直到；though尽管；because因为。根据“And I didn’t realize the joy of planting again...I got married and moved to an apartment.”可知，句中表达“直到”我结婚搬进公寓，我“才”再次意识到原来种植的乐趣。短语“not...until”意为“直到……时候才……”，此处使用“until”意为“直到”符合语境。故选B。 22．句意：为了让房子更环保，我丈夫在窗台上添加了一些植物。 passed通过；lent借出；added添加；threw投掷。根据“To make the house “greener”, my husband...some plants to the window sills.”可知，句子表达在窗台上“添加”了一些植物。此处使用“added”意为“添加”符合语境。故选C。 23．句意：我又有了一个小厨房花园，在那里我可以生产我最喜欢的蔬菜。 buy买；sell卖；process加工；produce生产。根据“I owned a small kitchen garden again, where I could...my favorite vegetables.”可知，句子描述在那里我可以“生产”我最喜欢的蔬菜。此处使用“produce”意为“生产”符合语境。故选D。 24．句意：这不是一个容易的任务，但它是值得的。 task任务；survey调查；result结果；reason原因。根据“It was not an easy...but it was worth it.”可知，句子表述建造成厨房花园不是一个容易的“任务”。此处使用“task”意为“任务”符合语境。故选A。 25．句意：我打算给我的孩子们一个菜园的美妙的回忆。 introductions介绍、说明；traditions传统；celebrations庆祝活动；memories回忆。根据“I’m planning to give my children wonderful...of a kitchen garden.”可知，句中表述给孩子们一个关于菜园的美好“回忆”。此处使用“memories”意为“回忆”符合语境。故选D。 三、阅读（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从26~40各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A. Scene 1: The Living Room (Mom is putting on coats. Franco is sitting on the sofa.) Mom: Hurry up, everyone. Are you ready? Franco: Why? What are we going to do? Sofia: Oh, Franco! You always forget things. We’re going to watch a movie at the theater. Franco: Oh, yes, I remember now. (Dad enters the room quickly.) Dad: Hurry up! We’re going to miss the train. Mom: Franco, don’t forget your coat. It’s cold outside. Franco: Oh, yes. Sorry, Mom! Dad: Oh, Franco! You always forget things! Scene 2: The Train (Franco’s family get on the train and sit together.) Dad: So, we’re going to have a pizza first and then we’re going to walk to the theater. Sofia: Great! I love pizza. What time is the movie, Mom? (Mom looks in her bag.) Mom: Oh, dear. I’m so sorry, everyone, but we aren’t going to go to the theater. Sofia: What? Why? Mom: I left the tickets at home! (Franco takes out four tickets.) Franco: I saw them on the table. You see, I do remember things sometimes! Mom, Dad, and Sofia: Great for Franco! 26．What are Franco’s family going to do according to Scene 1? A．Go shopping. B．Buy tickets. C．Eat a pizza. D．Watch a movie. 27．Which word can best describe Franco in Scene 2? A．Kind. B．Careful. C．Friendly. D．Creative. 28．What kind of text type is the above material? A．A play. B．A poem. C．A diary. D．A report. 【答案】26．D 27．B 28．A 【导语】本文是剧本，讲述了一家人去电影院看电影，妈妈忘记带票的故事。 26．细节理解题。根据“Franco: Why? What are we going to do? Sofia: Oh, Franco! You always forget things. We’re going to watch a movie at the theater.”可知妈妈和其他人准备去电影院看电影。故选D。 27．推理判断题。根据“Franco: I saw them on the table. You see, I do remember things sometimes!”可知Franco记得带电影票，因为他仔细观察到了票在桌子上。因此是“仔细的”，故选B。 28．推理判断题。本文是剧本，讲述了一家人去电影院看电影，妈妈忘记带票的故事。故选A。 B Scientists found that people who have fewer friends in real life are happier than those who have plenty of friends. Researchers from the University of Leeds, UK, studied data from two online surveys of nearly 1,500 people. Those who took part in the survey gave details (细节) about their ages, social interactions (社交活动), and how satisfied they were with their social lives. The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally were happier than those who had a large number of superficial (表面的) friends. “Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have, and more to do with how you feel about your friends,” said Wandi Bruine, one of the researchers. Bruine found that older people had smaller social circles than young people, but the people in these circles were closer to them. Younger people, on the other hand, had bigger circles that were made up of “peripheral (次要的) others”—people who are not true friends, but just people they know. These so-called friends didn’t affect younger people’s happiness. The results of the study showed that the stereotypes (偏见) society had about old people being sad and lonely might not be right. “The research shows that older people’s smaller social circles didn’t have a bad effect on social satisfaction and happiness. In fact, older people had a better feeling of happiness than younger people,” said Brine. Based on these results, the study believes that people should pay more attention to the ties with close friends instead of increasing the number of friends. 29．According to the study, people may be happier when they ________. A．have a lot of followers on social media B．are satisfied with their work and lives C．make friends with people who are older D．have a small circle of friends 30．The underlined word “affect” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．matter B．hurt C．influence D．discover 31．What can we know from Paragraphs 4 and 5? A．Older people have closer friends than young people B．Young people don’t need to make peripheral friends. C．Older people’s happiness has nothing to do with their friends. D．Both old and young people find it hard to make friends. 32．The passage mainly talks about ________. A．different types of friends B．changes in people’s happiness levels C．the relationship between happiness and the number of friends D．interactions between old and young people 【答案】29．D 30．C 31．A 32．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项最新的科学研究发现，即现实生活中拥有少量亲密朋友的人比拥有大量普通朋友的人更幸福。 29．细节理解题。根据原文“The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally were happier than those who had a large number of superficial (表面的) friends.”可知，那些拥有少量亲密朋友的人通常比拥有大量普通朋友的人更快乐。故选D。 30．词句猜测题。根据“These so-called friends didn’t affect younger people’s happiness.”可知，年轻人交往的所谓的朋友实质上并不会对生活产生影响，因为这些朋友是表面的朋友，划线部分单词意为“影响”，与influence意思相近。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。通读4、5段可知，与刻板印象不同，老年人的亲密朋友事实上比年轻人的多。故选A。 32．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项最新的科学研究发现，即现实生活中拥有少量亲密朋友的人比拥有大量普通朋友的人更幸福。故选C。 C The spring cleaning had turned out to be an uneasy task for Della. She had to get the house a good wash before the most important festival of the year. So firstly, she cleaned the kitchen, every shelf, every bottle, and then every other corner in the house. The spring cleaning was done every year, but it was especially important this year because Della’s family was going to have guests during the festival. And yet, she felt little of the joy that the festival and family should have brought. Surely it wasn’t that she couldn’t feel happy. In fact, she was looking forward to meeting the guests. But she simply couldn’t shake off how tired she was. Every night for the three whole weeks, she got on her bed with tiredness. She even forgot to buy a new dress for the big day. Soon the day arrived and the guests came and had a great time. While the family members enjoyed themselves, Della started thinking, “Was the house looking good? Was her work showing, at least to someone?” By the end of the week, from the laughter and the enjoyable faces of the guests, Della knew she had done a good job. However, her hard work, which came from her time and energy, hadn’t been mentioned by any of the guests even once. A few days later, her son rushed towards her from the school bus. Della smiled at her little boy. “Mum, see what I got you, a star sticker!” Della stared at the tiny golden sticker in surprise. She knew little stickers of stars were given to students in her kid’s school when they did something well. Della let him stick it on her arm. “But why am I getting a star?” she asked. “You did a good job, Mum. You cleaned the whole house and everyone had a good time! So, I asked my teacher to give you a star,” he said, very seriously. For the first time in weeks. Della gave out a big laugh. She knew her work had finally been appreciated, and with such child-like honesty. Della suddenly felt light and happy from her heart. “Let’s go home and celebrate my sticker by eating some sweets, little one!” she laughed. 33．Which of the following best describes Della?. A．Not easily satisfied. B．Always full of energy. C．Friendly and confident. D．Careful and hard-working. 34．Why didn’t Della feel happy before the festival? A．She didn’t like the guests. B．The house wasn’t clean enough. C．She was tired from the housework. D．The guests were unhappy with the party. 35．What does the underlined word “appreciated” in paragraph 10 mean? A．Increased in number. B．Asked for something politely. C．Realized how valuable something was. D．Fully understood what was happening. 36．What can we learn from the story? A．One should always be honest. B．Every effort should be respected. C．Things should be prepared earlier. D．Hard work is the secret to success. 【答案】33．D 34．C 35．C 36．B 【导语】本文主要讲了Della在春节清洁日时，认真清洁屋里的每个角落，虽然很辛苦，但来访的客人玩得很开心，她的辛勤付出也得到了儿子的肯定和尊重。 33．推理判断题。根据第一段“She had to get the house a good wash before the most important festival of the year. So firstly, she cleaned the kitchen, every shelf, every bottle, and then every other corner in the house.”以及第四段“her hard work, which came from her time and energy”可知，Della清洁屋里每个角落、花了很多时间和精力，故推测出她是一个细心且勤勉的人。故选D。 34．细节理解题。根据第二段“Surely it wasn’t that she couldn’t feel happy. In fact, she was looking forward to meeting the guests. But she simply couldn’t shake off how tired she was.”可知，Della没有在节日前感到开心的原因是家务劳动使她感到疲惫。故选C。 35．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“For the first time in weeks. Della gave out a big laugh. She knew her work had finally been appreciated, and with such child-like honesty.”可知，她的辛苦工作终于得到了认可和感激，故划线单词“appreciated”意为“意识到某事物的价值”。故选C。 36．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了Della在春节清洁日时，认真清洁屋里的每个角落，虽然很辛苦，但来访的客人玩得很开心，她的辛勤付出也得到了儿子的肯定和尊重。因此，我们从中感悟到每一份努力都应该被尊重和认可。故选B。 D ①In many homes, there are rules that manage daily life. These rules ensure harmony (和谐), safety, and disciplines (纪律) in the family. In my house, there are several important rules. Let’s take a look at some of these rules. Bedtime Routine ②Every night, bedtime must be followed strictly. In our house, lights are turned off at 9:00 PM. This rule makes sure that everyone gets enough sleep and have a good rest for the next day. My younger brother often tries not to follow, but he is reminded gently but firmly that the rule cannot be changed. Although he may not like it, he is forced to be in bed by 9:15 PM every evening. Chores and Responsibilities ③On weekends, each family member has specific chores to complete. The dishes are washed by my sister after every meal. She may not enjoy it, but it is her responsibility to keep the kitchen clean. My job is a bit more fun. I am allowed to choose which room to clean each week. However, I am also responsible for taking out the trash on Mondays and Thursdays. Even our dog has a job. He is trained to pick up his toys when ordered. Screen Time ④In our house, screen time is carefully monitored (监管). Homework is completed before any TV or video games are allowed. This means that we are not allowed to watch TV or play video games until all homework is finished. On week days, only one hour of screen time is allowed per day, and it is usually spent watching educational programs or playing educational games. Weekends are a bit more reasonable, but even then, screen time is limited to two hours per day. Family Dinner ⑤Family dinner is a sacred (神圣的) time in our house. Every evening, dinner is prepared by either my mom or dad. We all sit down together, and stories are shared, and laughter is often heard. It’s a time when we are encouraged to talk about our day and any problem we might be facing. Although decisions are not always made during dinner, it’s a great time for us to get closer to each other and support each other. Outings ⑥When it comes to going out, we have to be back home by 10:00 PM on weekdays and 11:00 PM on weekends. If we are late, we are not allowed to go out fora week. This rule makes us safe and lets us know that our parents care about where we are and who we are with. For special outings, the time for coming back home depends on the situation. ⑦Living with these rules may sound strict, but they create a stable (稳固的) and loving environment. By following these rules, we learn responsibilities and the importance of family time. 37．What time are the lights turned off in the writer’s house every night? A．8:00 PM. B．9:00 PM. C．10:00 PM. D．11:00 PM. 38．How much screen time is allowed during the week? A．Nine hours. B．One hour. C．Two hours. D．Five hours. 39．Which of the following is the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④⑤⑥⑦ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥⑦ C．①②/③④⑤/⑥⑦ D．①/②③④⑤⑥/⑦ 40．What is the main purpose of family dinner in the writer’s house? A．To discuss homework. B．To watch TV together. C．To get closer to and support each other. D．To make decisions about the week. 【答案】37．B 38．A 39．D 40．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者家的一些家规。 37．细节理解题。根据“In our house, lights are turned off at 9:00 PM.”可知要在晚上9点关灯。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据“On week days, only one hour of screen time is allowed per day...Weekends are a bit more reasonable, but even then, screen time is limited to two hours per day.”可知在工作日，每天只允许一小时的屏幕时间，在周末每天的屏幕时间也限制在两个小时以内，所以一周有(5+2×2=)9个小时的屏幕时间。故选A。 39．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出话题；第二至第六段介绍了一些家规；第七段进行总结。故选D。 40．细节理解题。根据“it’s a great time for us to get closer to each other and support each other.”可知晚饭时间是彼此靠近和相互支持的好时机。故选C。 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 阅读短文及文后A〜E选项，选出可以填入41〜45各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 When you speak, write a letter, or make a telephone, your words carry a message. People communicate with words. 41 A smile on your face shows you are happy or friendly. Tears in your eyes tell others that you are sad. When you put up your hands in class, the teacher knows you want to say something or ask questions. 42 You nod and people know you are saying “Yes”. 43 For example, a sign at the bus stop helps you to know which bus to take. A sign on the door tells you where to go in or out. Have you ever thought that there are a lot of other signs around you and that you receive messages from them all the time? 44 An artist can use his drawings to tell about the beautiful mountains, the blue seas and many other things. A writer writes books to tell you about all the wonderful things in the world and also about people and their ideas. 45 They can help us to know what is going on in the world and what other people are thinking about. A．Other things can also carry messages. B．People can communicate in many other ways. C．But do you know people also communicate without words? D．You shake your head and people know you are saying “No”. E．Magazines, TV, radio and films all help us communicate with others. 【答案】41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们日常生活中信息交流的方式和手段，包括语言、肢体语言、日常标识和书籍、绘画等。 41．根据“People communicate with words.”及“A smile on your face shows you are happy or friendly.”可知，前文提到人们用言语交流，空格后描述了面部表情和肢体语言，因此空格处需要承接上文，引出非语言交流的方式，选项C“但是你知道人们也不用语言交流吗？”符合语境。故选C。 42．根据“When you put up your hands in class, the teacher knows you want to say something or ask questions.”及“You nod and people know you are saying “Yes”.”可知，此处讲肢体动作代表的意思，D选项“你摇摇头，别人就知道你在说‘不’。”符合语境，故选D。 43．根据下文“For example, a sign at the bus stop helps you to know which bus to take...there are a lot of other signs around you and that you receive messages from them all the time?”可知，此处需要引出标志等周围的东西也能传递信息，A选项“其他东西也可以传递信息。”符合语境，故选A。 44．根据下文“An artist can use his drawings...A writer writes books to tell you about all the wonderful things in the world and also about people and their ideas.”可知，此处引出不同职业的人的信息传递方式，B选项“人们可以用许多其他方式进行交流。”符合语境，故选B。 45．根据下文“They can help us to know what is going on in the world and what other people are thinking about.”可知，此处是“they”的指代对象，表示媒体，E选项“杂志、电视、广播和电影都帮助我们与他人交流。”符合语境，故选E。 四、写作（共三节，满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 根据短文的内容及首字母提示写出文中所缺单词。 Teenagers have a strong wish for freedom, so they don’t want their parents to make too many family rules for them to o 46 . They don’t like being treated as children, e 47 . They usually want to wear cool clothes, have a cool hairstyle and talk in a very cool way. This sometimes makes their parents annoyed. If parents don’t try to get on well with their children, young people may feel bad. Both parents and children are looking forward to s 48 the problem. Here are some tips. First, children should respect and be p 49 with their parents. Talking with a good sense of h 50 can also help them make a relaxing environment. What’s more, they should be ready to change a little. 【答案】46．(o)bey 47．(e)ither 48．(s)olve 49．(p)atient 50．(h)umour/(h)umor 【导语】本文主要讲述了青少年和父母之间的问题以及解决方法。 46．句意：青少年渴望自由，因此不希望父母制定太多家规来约束他们。根据“they don't want their parents to make too many family rules”可知，青少年不想父母制定太多家规，是不想“遵守”，obey表示“遵守”，“obey... rules”是常见搭配，符合语境。故填(o)bey。 47．句意：他们也不喜欢被当作小孩对待。根据前文“they don’t want”可知，此句进一步说明他们也不喜欢……，在否定句中表示“也”，用“either”。故填(e)ither。 48．句意：父母和孩子都希望能解决这个问题。“look forward to”后接动词-ing形式，根据“the problem”可知，这里是期望“解决”问题，solve表示“解决”，所以用“solving”。故填(s)olve。 49．句意：首先，孩子应该尊重并对父母耐心。“be+adj.+with sb.”是常见结构，结合语境，可知父母和孩子都应彼此有“耐心”，patient表示“有耐心的”，“be patient with”意为“对……有耐心”。故填(p)atient。 50．句意：用幽默感交谈有助于营造轻松的氛围。“a sense of+名词”表示“一种……感”，根据“can also help them make a relaxing environment”可知，这里是说有“幽默感”能营造轻松氛围，humour/humor表示“幽默”，“a sense of humour/humor”意为“幽默感”。故填(h)umour/(h)umor。 第二节 完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空限填一词） 51．我们学校2/3的老师是女老师。 Two thirds of the teachers in our school . 【答案】 are women 【详解】分析所给汉语提示可知该句描述的是一般事实，所以用一般现在时，缺少部分的意思为“是女老师”；根据主语“Two thirds of the teachers”是复数，所以系动词be用are“是”，主语已经表明是教师，所以此处只要说明性别是“女人”，用复数形式；woman女人，复数为women，故填are；women。 52．上周，李华被邀请参加学校的旅游知识竞赛。 Last week, Li Hua to join in a travel quiz show at school. 【答案】 was invited 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“被邀请”；根据英文题干和汉语提示可知，主语“Li Hua”和动词“invite”是被动关系；又根据“Last week”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以这里是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done；主语为“Li Hua”，be动词用was，动词invite的过去分词为invited。故填was；invited。 53．我们老师去上海出差了。 Our teacher has gone to Shanghai . 【答案】 on business 【详解】根据中文提示可知，横线处缺少“出差”。“出差”为on business。故填on；business。 54．为你去超市要买的东西列一个清单。 the things that you will buy in the supermarket. 【答案】 Make a list of 【详解】对照中英文可知缺少“为……列一个清单”，其对应的英文表达是make a list of；根据句意可知该句是肯定祈使句，故用动词原形开头。故填Make；a；list；of。 55．你应该学着照顾自己。 You should . 【答案】 learn to look after yourself 【详解】learn to do“学会做”；look after“照顾”；主语是you，对应yourself“你自己”，情态动词should后接动词原形。故填learn；to；look；after；yourself。 第三节 书面表达（共1题；满分15分） 56．每个家庭都会用规则来约束孩子们。父母用自己的经历来帮助孩子们健康成长，少走弯路。但有时孩子们不理解父母的要求，就会引发矛盾，甚至争吵。假如你是李华，你对自己的家规也有一些不能理解之处。你打算写一封邮件给你的笔友 Tom，谈谈你家的家规，疏解一下你的心情，并询问他对他自己的家规有什么看法。 参考词汇： be allowed to, be strict with, care about, future, think of ,... 要求： 1.邮件应包含题目要求所给的关键信息，选择使用参考词汇，可适当发挥； 2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； 3.邮件中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等)； 4.词数：不少于70。(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。) Dear Tom. How’s everything going? I want to share something about my family rules and hear your thoughts on your own family rules. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】例文： Dear Tom, How’s everything going? I want to share something about my family rules and hear your thoughts on your own family rules. At home, I am not allowed to go out with friends on weekdays. My parents are very strict with my studies. They believe that studying hard will promise me a bright future. Also, I have to finish my homework before I can watch TV. Sometimes, I feel these rules are too strict and don’t care about my personal time. However, I know they care about me and want the best for my future. What do you think of your family rules? Are there any rules you don’t understand? Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为电子邮件； ②时态：一般现在时； ③提示：根据题干中的提示，向Tom介绍你的家规，并询问他对他自己的家规有什么看法，注意不要遗漏要点信息，适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作目的（已给出）； 第二步，介绍自己的家规并询问对方对家规的看法； 第三步，书写结语（已给出）。 [亮点词汇] ①go out with friends和朋友外出 ②on weekdays在工作日 ③be strict with对……要求严格 ④promise sb sth承诺某人某事 ⑤care about关心 [高分句型] ①At home, I am not allowed to go out with friends on weekdays. (被动语态) ②They believe that studying hard will promise me a bright future.(宾语从句) ③Also, I have to finish my homework before I can watch TV. (时间状语从句) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Family life单元测试（广州专用） 英语 本试卷共四大题，满分90分。考试时间100分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、试室号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。 2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。 3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、语法选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1〜15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Living and dealing with kids can be a difficult job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even 1 . Since I was a teenager, I 2 that communication is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along. With any relationship, you need to let 3 people know your feelings. If you are not able to communicate, things 4 bad. When you are mad at your parents, it is no use not talking to them. If you look 5 the word “communication” in a dictionary, it will say “the exchange (交换) of ideas and information”. 6 a good relationship, you must keep communication strong. Let people know how you feel, even if it’s just by 7 a note. You have to make your parents 8 good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you’ll listen to 9 they say, but they need to listen to you first. 10 away only makes the situation worse. This is 11 example. One night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, but she felt 12 would be impolite of her to go home first. As a result, she was late getting home. Her parents were angry at first, but when Sophie explained 13 she was late, they weren’t so mad. Communication is the key factor there. Problems can only 14 with communication. Just remember, 15 you get into a situation like Sophie’s, tell your parents how you feel. 1．A．difficult B．more difficult C．less difficult D．the most difficult 2．A．have learnt B．learnt C．learn D．will learn 3．A．the others B．another C．other D．others 4．A．become B．will become C．becomes D．are becoming 5．A．in B．to C．up D．at 6．A．Kept B．Keep C．Keeping D．To keep 7．A．writing B．to write C．write D．writes 8．A．felt B．feel C．feels D．to feel 9．A．how B．that C．what D．when 10．A．Walk B．Walks C．Walked D．Walking 11．A．a B．the C．an D．/ 12．A．its B．it C．itself D．it’s 13．A．how B．why C．which D．what 14．A．solve B．be solving C．solved D．be solved 15．A．although B．before C．unless D．if 二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16〜25各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Childhood is special to us. When I 16 my childhood, I find most of my beautiful childhood memories took place in my mom’s kitchen garden. When I was five, my sister and I owned a piece of 17 in Mom’s kitchen garden. It was small, but we grew our favorite vegetables there. We were each 18 for some of them, getting fertilizer (肥料) for the land and watering the plants. Finally, we 19 for growing better vegetables and enjoyed being the winner with excitement. This process seemed to bring us endless 20 throughout my childhood. Growing into a teenager, however, I was no longer interested in the kitchen garden. And I didn’t realize the joy of planting again 21 I got married and moved to an apartment. To make the house “greener”, my husband 22 some plants to the window sills (窗台). I owned a small kitchen garden again, where I could 23 my favorite vegetables. So I grew some carrots and potatoes, and had fun taking care of them every day. Later, we bought our first house, a country house with a big open space. We decided to turn the space into a kitchen garden. It was not an easy 24 , but it was worth it. Now I feel happy every time I see a garden full of green vegetables. I’m planning to give my children wonderful 25 of a kitchen garden. I can’t wait for them to enjoy the smells, fruits and joy from our own kitchen garden. 16．A．make use of B．take part in C．look up to D．look back at 17．A．wood B．land C．paper D．rubbish 18．A．thankful B．responsible C．famous D．ready 19．A．competed B．developed C．performed D．improved 20．A．courage B．surprise C．pleasure D．experience 21．A．if B．until C．though D．because 22．A．passed B．lent C．added D．threw 23．A．buy B．sell C．process D．produce 24．A．task B．survey C．result D．reason 25．A．introductions B．traditions C．celebrations D．memories 三、阅读（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从26~40各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A. Scene 1: The Living Room (Mom is putting on coats. Franco is sitting on the sofa.) Mom: Hurry up, everyone. Are you ready? Franco: Why? What are we going to do? Sofia: Oh, Franco! You always forget things. We’re going to watch a movie at the theater. Franco: Oh, yes, I remember now. (Dad enters the room quickly.) Dad: Hurry up! We’re going to miss the train. Mom: Franco, don’t forget your coat. It’s cold outside. Franco: Oh, yes. Sorry, Mom! Dad: Oh, Franco! You always forget things! Scene 2: The Train (Franco’s family get on the train and sit together.) Dad: So, we’re going to have a pizza first and then we’re going to walk to the theater. Sofia: Great! I love pizza. What time is the movie, Mom? (Mom looks in her bag.) Mom: Oh, dear. I’m so sorry, everyone, but we aren’t going to go to the theater. Sofia: What? Why? Mom: I left the tickets at home! (Franco takes out four tickets.) Franco: I saw them on the table. You see, I do remember things sometimes! Mom, Dad, and Sofia: Great for Franco! 26．What are Franco’s family going to do according to Scene 1? A．Go shopping. B．Buy tickets. C．Eat a pizza. D．Watch a movie. 27．Which word can best describe Franco in Scene 2? A．Kind. B．Careful. C．Friendly. D．Creative. 28．What kind of text type is the above material? A．A play. B．A poem. C．A diary. D．A report. B Scientists found that people who have fewer friends in real life are happier than those who have plenty of friends. Researchers from the University of Leeds, UK, studied data from two online surveys of nearly 1,500 people. Those who took part in the survey gave details (细节) about their ages, social interactions (社交活动), and how satisfied they were with their social lives. The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally were happier than those who had a large number of superficial (表面的) friends. “Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have, and more to do with how you feel about your friends,” said Wandi Bruine, one of the researchers. Bruine found that older people had smaller social circles than young people, but the people in these circles were closer to them. Younger people, on the other hand, had bigger circles that were made up of “peripheral (次要的) others”—people who are not true friends, but just people they know. These so-called friends didn’t affect younger people’s happiness. The results of the study showed that the stereotypes (偏见) society had about old people being sad and lonely might not be right. “The research shows that older people’s smaller social circles didn’t have a bad effect on social satisfaction and happiness. In fact, older people had a better feeling of happiness than younger people,” said Brine. Based on these results, the study believes that people should pay more attention to the ties with close friends instead of increasing the number of friends. 29．According to the study, people may be happier when they ________. A．have a lot of followers on social media B．are satisfied with their work and lives C．make friends with people who are older D．have a small circle of friends 30．The underlined word “affect” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．matter B．hurt C．influence D．discover 31．What can we know from Paragraphs 4 and 5? A．Older people have closer friends than young people B．Young people don’t need to make peripheral friends. C．Older people’s happiness has nothing to do with their friends. D．Both old and young people find it hard to make friends. 32．The passage mainly talks about ________. A．different types of friends B．changes in people’s happiness levels C．the relationship between happiness and the number of friends D．interactions between old and young people C The spring cleaning had turned out to be an uneasy task for Della. She had to get the house a good wash before the most important festival of the year. So firstly, she cleaned the kitchen, every shelf, every bottle, and then every other corner in the house. The spring cleaning was done every year, but it was especially important this year because Della’s family was going to have guests during the festival. And yet, she felt little of the joy that the festival and family should have brought. Surely it wasn’t that she couldn’t feel happy. In fact, she was looking forward to meeting the guests. But she simply couldn’t shake off how tired she was. Every night for the three whole weeks, she got on her bed with tiredness. She even forgot to buy a new dress for the big day. Soon the day arrived and the guests came and had a great time. While the family members enjoyed themselves, Della started thinking, “Was the house looking good? Was her work showing, at least to someone?” By the end of the week, from the laughter and the enjoyable faces of the guests, Della knew she had done a good job. However, her hard work, which came from her time and energy, hadn’t been mentioned by any of the guests even once. A few days later, her son rushed towards her from the school bus. Della smiled at her little boy. “Mum, see what I got you, a star sticker!” Della stared at the tiny golden sticker in surprise. She knew little stickers of stars were given to students in her kid’s school when they did something well. Della let him stick it on her arm. “But why am I getting a star?” she asked. “You did a good job, Mum. You cleaned the whole house and everyone had a good time! So, I asked my teacher to give you a star,” he said, very seriously. For the first time in weeks. Della gave out a big laugh. She knew her work had finally been appreciated, and with such child-like honesty. Della suddenly felt light and happy from her heart. “Let’s go home and celebrate my sticker by eating some sweets, little one!” she laughed. 33．Which of the following best describes Della?. A．Not easily satisfied. B．Always full of energy. C．Friendly and confident. D．Careful and hard-working. 34．Why didn’t Della feel happy before the festival? A．She didn’t like the guests. B．The house wasn’t clean enough. C．She was tired from the housework. D．The guests were unhappy with the party. 35．What does the underlined word “appreciated” in paragraph 10 mean? A．Increased in number. B．Asked for something politely. C．Realized how valuable something was. D．Fully understood what was happening. 36．What can we learn from the story? A．One should always be honest. B．Every effort should be respected. C．Things should be prepared earlier. D．Hard work is the secret to success. D ①In many homes, there are rules that manage daily life. These rules ensure harmony (和谐), safety, and disciplines (纪律) in the family. In my house, there are several important rules. Let’s take a look at some of these rules. Bedtime Routine ②Every night, bedtime must be followed strictly. In our house, lights are turned off at 9:00 PM. This rule makes sure that everyone gets enough sleep and have a good rest for the next day. My younger brother often tries not to follow, but he is reminded gently but firmly that the rule cannot be changed. Although he may not like it, he is forced to be in bed by 9:15 PM every evening. Chores and Responsibilities ③On weekends, each family member has specific chores to complete. The dishes are washed by my sister after every meal. She may not enjoy it, but it is her responsibility to keep the kitchen clean. My job is a bit more fun. I am allowed to choose which room to clean each week. However, I am also responsible for taking out the trash on Mondays and Thursdays. Even our dog has a job. He is trained to pick up his toys when ordered. Screen Time ④In our house, screen time is carefully monitored (监管). Homework is completed before any TV or video games are allowed. This means that we are not allowed to watch TV or play video games until all homework is finished. On week days, only one hour of screen time is allowed per day, and it is usually spent watching educational programs or playing educational games. Weekends are a bit more reasonable, but even then, screen time is limited to two hours per day. Family Dinner ⑤Family dinner is a sacred (神圣的) time in our house. Every evening, dinner is prepared by either my mom or dad. We all sit down together, and stories are shared, and laughter is often heard. It’s a time when we are encouraged to talk about our day and any problem we might be facing. Although decisions are not always made during dinner, it’s a great time for us to get closer to each other and support each other. Outings ⑥When it comes to going out, we have to be back home by 10:00 PM on weekdays and 11:00 PM on weekends. If we are late, we are not allowed to go out fora week. This rule makes us safe and lets us know that our parents care about where we are and who we are with. For special outings, the time for coming back home depends on the situation. ⑦Living with these rules may sound strict, but they create a stable (稳固的) and loving environment. By following these rules, we learn responsibilities and the importance of family time. 37．What time are the lights turned off in the writer’s house every night? A．8:00 PM. B．9:00 PM. C．10:00 PM. D．11:00 PM. 38．How much screen time is allowed during the week? A．Nine hours. B．One hour. C．Two hours. D．Five hours. 39．Which of the following is the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④⑤⑥⑦ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥⑦ C．①②/③④⑤/⑥⑦ D．①/②③④⑤⑥/⑦ 40．What is the main purpose of family dinner in the writer’s house? A．To discuss homework. B．To watch TV together. C．To get closer to and support each other. D．To make decisions about the week. 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 阅读短文及文后A〜E选项，选出可以填入41〜45各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 When you speak, write a letter, or make a telephone, your words carry a message. People communicate with words. 41 A smile on your face shows you are happy or friendly. Tears in your eyes tell others that you are sad. When you put up your hands in class, the teacher knows you want to say something or ask questions. 42 You nod and people know you are saying “Yes”. 43 For example, a sign at the bus stop helps you to know which bus to take. A sign on the door tells you where to go in or out. Have you ever thought that there are a lot of other signs around you and that you receive messages from them all the time? 44 An artist can use his drawings to tell about the beautiful mountains, the blue seas and many other things. A writer writes books to tell you about all the wonderful things in the world and also about people and their ideas. 45 They can help us to know what is going on in the world and what other people are thinking about. A．Other things can also carry messages. B．People can communicate in many other ways. C．But do you know people also communicate without words? D．You shake your head and people know you are saying “No”. E．Magazines, TV, radio and films all help us communicate with others. 四、写作（共三节，满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 根据短文的内容及首字母提示写出文中所缺单词。 Teenagers have a strong wish for freedom, so they don’t want their parents to make too many family rules for them to o 46 . They don’t like being treated as children, e 47 . They usually want to wear cool clothes, have a cool hairstyle and talk in a very cool way. This sometimes makes their parents annoyed. If parents don’t try to get on well with their children, young people may feel bad. Both parents and children are looking forward to s 48 the problem. Here are some tips. First, children should respect and be p 49 with their parents. Talking with a good sense of h 50 can also help them make a relaxing environment. What’s more, they should be ready to change a little. 第二节 完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空限填一词） 51．我们学校2/3的老师是女老师。 Two thirds of the teachers in our school . 52．上周，李华被邀请参加学校的旅游知识竞赛。 Last week, Li Hua to join in a travel quiz show at school. 53．我们老师去上海出差了。 Our teacher has gone to Shanghai . 54．为你去超市要买的东西列一个清单。 the things that you will buy in the supermarket. 55．你应该学着照顾自己。 You should . 第三节 书面表达（共1题；满分15分） 56．每个家庭都会用规则来约束孩子们。父母用自己的经历来帮助孩子们健康成长，少走弯路。但有时孩子们不理解父母的要求，就会引发矛盾，甚至争吵。假如你是李华，你对自己的家规也有一些不能理解之处。你打算写一封邮件给你的笔友 Tom，谈谈你家的家规，疏解一下你的心情，并询问他对他自己的家规有什么看法。 参考词汇： be allowed to, be strict with, care about, future, think of ,... 要求： 1.邮件应包含题目要求所给的关键信息，选择使用参考词汇，可适当发挥； 2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； 3.邮件中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等)； 4.词数：不少于70。(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。) Dear Tom. How’s everything going? I want to share something about my family rules and hear your thoughts on your own family rules. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $