Unit 1 Decisions 动词不定式（单元核心语法精练）英语沪教版2020选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Decisions核心语法精练（动词不定式） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、指出下列句中动词不定式充当什么成分 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. He spent hours ______ (weigh) the pros and cons before making the final decision. 2. The report ______ (publish) last week will help us understand the current situation better. 3. ______ (solve) this problem requires a lot of patience and careful planning. 4. The teacher encouraged the students ______ (express) their own opinions during the discussion. 5. A new library ______ (build) in our school now, which will be completed next year. 6. She stood there, ______ (wait) for her friend who was late for the meeting. 7. It is important ______ (consider) the long-term consequences before taking action. 8. The book ______ (write) by the famous author has been translated into many languages. 9. He made a mistake, ______ (lead) to a lot of trouble for the whole team. 10. The students are looking forward to ______ (visit) the science museum next month. 11. ______ (know) the truth, she felt very disappointed and sad. 12. The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday needs to be solved as soon as possible. 13. He decided ______ (quit) his job and start his own business. 14. The little girl sat by the window, ______ (read) a storybook quietly. 15. A lot of money ______ (spend) on education every year in our country. 16. ______ (finish) his homework, he went out to play with his classmates. 17. The doctor advised him ______ (take) more exercise and eat less junk food. 18. The building ______ (construct) now is going to be the tallest in the city. 19. She forgot ______ (lock) the door when she left the house this morning. 20. The meeting ______ (hold) next Monday will focus on the new project. 21. The old man walked slowly along the street, ______ (carry) a heavy bag on his back. 22. It is necessary ______ (prepare) well for the exam if you want to get a good grade. 23. The letter ______ (send) by my brother yesterday arrived this morning. 24. He regretted ______ (not study) hard when he was in college. 25. The children are excited ______ (go) to the amusement park this weekend. 26. The bridge ______ (destroy) in the earthquake last year has been rebuilt. 27. ______ (hear) the news, they all jumped with joy. 28. My parents expect me ______ (get) a good job after graduation. 29. The film ______ (show) in the cinema now is very popular among young people. 30. She succeeded in ______ (persuade) her father to let her study abroad. 二、指出下列句中动词不定式充当什么成分 1. It is important to protect the environment in daily life.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 2. Her dream to become a famous painter has come true.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 3. We plan to visit the art museum next weekend.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 4. The teacher asked us to finish the composition before class.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 5. He is always the first to arrive at the office every morning.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 6. To learn a foreign language well needs a lot of practice.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 7. The best way to solve this problem is to ask for help from experts.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 8. My parents expect me to get good grades in the final exam.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 9. It is necessary for us to master basic computer skills.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 10. She has no chance to take part in the singing competition.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 11. They decided to hold a charity party to help the poor children.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 12. To understand his paintings requires us to know his life experience.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 13. The little girl is eager to see her grandparents during the holiday.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 14. I have a lot of work to do this evening.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 15. The manager told his employees to improve their work efficiency.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 16. It seems difficult to complete this task in such a short time.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 17. His wish to travel around the world will be realized next year.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 18. We hope to get inspiration from this art exhibition.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 19. The guide advised the tourists to book hotels in advance.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 20. To create unique works of art is the goal of every artist.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 21. There are many books to read in the school library.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 22. My brother promised to help me with my math homework.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 23. It is interesting to watch the artists paint on the street.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 24. The task to design a new logo for the company is very challenging.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 25. She reminded me to take an umbrella because it might rain.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 26. To appreciate classical music can calm people's minds.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 27. He is ready to share his creative ideas with his teammates.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 28. We have no time to attend the meeting this afternoon.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 29. The doctor ordered the patient to rest for at least a week.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 30. It is wise to make a plan before starting a new project.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 三、翻译句子 1. 她努力 在绘画中展现自然之美。（to show） 2. 这位诗人 写下这些诗句来表达对故乡的思念。（to express） 3. 我们 计划下周去美术馆寻找创作灵感。（to find） 4. 这个年轻设计师 想要用环保材料制作服装。（to make） 5. 父母 鼓励孩子勇敢尝试新事物。（to try） 6. 为了 让更多人关注传统文化，他举办了这场非遗展览。（to draw） 7. 艺术家 花了三个月时间完成这幅肖像画以纪念他的老师。（to honor） 8. 我们 需要耐心等待灵感的降临。（to wait for） 9. 他 决定放弃高薪工作去追求艺术梦想。（to pursue） 10. 这个故事 足够感人，能让读者流下眼泪。（to make） 11. 老师 要求学生用英语描述自己最喜欢的艺术作品。（to describe） 12. 为了 提高绘画技巧，她每天坚持练习两小时。（to improve） 13. 这支乐队 创作这首歌曲是为了传递希望的力量。（to spread） 14. 我们 邀请这位雕塑家来学校做讲座。（to give） 15. 他 似乎忘记了要在截止日期前提交设计方案。（to submit） 16. 这个展览 旨在让观众感受艺术与生活的紧密联系。（to let） 17. 她 渴望有机会与世界级艺术家交流学习。（to communicate） 18. 为了 避免错过精彩的艺术展，我们提前买好了门票。（to miss） 19. 父亲 教会我用相机记录生活中的美好瞬间。（to record） 20. 这个创意 太独特了，很难用语言准确描述。（to describe） 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Finding one's true vocation For many young people, ____________ (find) a career that fits their interests and skills can be a long journey. They often start by exploring different fields, ____________ (weigh) the pros and cons of each option. Some may take part-time jobs to gain experience, while others might talk to professionals ____________ (learn) more about certain careers. Once they have collected enough information, the next step is ____________ (evaluate) their own strengths. It’s important ____________ (not rush) this process—hasty decisions can lead to regret later. For example, a person good at art might initially choose a business major, only ____________ (realize) it doesn’t bring them joy. True vocation often comes from a balance between passion and practicality. When someone finally finds their path, they usually feel a sense of purpose ____________drives them to work hard. This journey, though challenging, ____________ (be worth) the effort, as it helps people build a life ____________ (fill) with meaning. In the end, the key to ____________ (make) a satisfying career choice is knowing oneself well and being willing to adjust along the way. 2. A Bus Ride to Freedom Rosa Parks is known as the "mother of the civil rights movement" in the US. On December 1, 1955, she (1) ______ (take) a bus home after a long day of work. At that time, segregation laws required Black people to sit at the back of the bus. When the white section was full, the driver asked Rosa and three other Black passengers (2) ______ (give) up their seats. The others obeyed, but Rosa refused. She (3) ______ (arrest) for breaking the law that day. Rosa’s act of courage started the Montgomery Bus Boycott. For 381 days, Black people in Montgomery refused (4) ______ (ride) the buses. This boycott put great pressure on the city’s government. Finally, in 1956, the Supreme Court declared that bus segregation (5) ______ (be) unconstitutional. Rosa Parks later said, "I only knew that (6) ______ was time for someone to stand up." Her simple act changed the course of American history. Today, her story (7) ______ (remember) as a symbol of resistance against injustice. It reminds us that one person’s bravery (8) ______ (can) make a big difference. Many schools and streets (9) ______ (name) after Rosa Parks. Her legacy continues to inspire people around the world (10) ______ (fight) for equality and freedom. 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A (2025年虹口一模) How to Be Stylish While Protecting the Environment Despite the huge numbers of people who care about the environment and love clothes, there is a basic conflict about being green and being fashionable. This is because the fashion industry depends on a constant stream of ever-changing trends, ____1____ means you have to keep consuming. However, buying ____2____ awful lot of things that you don’t need, in this case new clothes, is harmful to the environment. Even so, there are still some measures you can take to achieve ____3____ of the goals. Firstly, rather than base your choice of clothes on ____4____ the fashion industry says you should, choose your own look. If you do this, you’ll look a lot more like an individual, and probably ____5____(genuinely) stylish. It does not require any sense of style ____6____(copy) the looks in fashion magazines but developing your own certainly does. You’ll find that you buy fewer clothes ____7____ they aren’t going in and out of fashion every week, and this helps the environment. Some people think that another way of achieving this is to buy only natural materials, like cotton. But the production of some plant-based materials involves the use of enormous quantities of pesticides (杀虫剂). In fact, cotton is an especially dirty crop, with methods ____8____(use) in its production which can destroy the local environment. If you want to avoid adding to soil and water pollution in this manner, simply ____9____(choose) organic materials. In the end, what you wear is your choice and no one would suggest that this should not be a free choice. But we hope that, ____10____(read) this, you will be aware of the impact your choices may have on the health of our planet. B (2025年长宁一模) The benefits of container gardening Do you love gardening, but you don’t have a yard? If that’s the case, ____1____(take) container gardening into consideration. This method involves ____2____(grow) plants in pots and containers rather than in the ground. Container gardening is a great way to grow flowers, herbs, vegetables, fruit trees and more. There are many advantages to this gardening method. To begin with, you don’t need much space. A roof or any other outdoor area that receives direct sunlight will work. In fact, a sunny, indoor kitchen windowsill(窗沿) is perfect for a few small plants, ____3____ gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals. The key is to choose a spot that receives a good deal of sunlight. Unless they’re too big or heavy, containers are portable. This allows you to move your plants inside if necessary. Or you can move your plants into the shade ____4____ extremely hot days. Containers allow you to place your plants ____5____ they’ll grow best. With containers, you’re almost certain ____6____(fill) them with productive soil. Using a good bag of potting soil that contains the necessary nutrients for your plants is best. Here’s an important tip: Once ____7____(stuff), large containers can get heavy. Therefore, it’s best to put them at a proper place before filling them. One of the greatest benefits of container gardening is that little or no weeding____8____(require). For plants in the ground, weeding is sometimes a daily or weekly requirement. People also love the fact that almost ____9____ can be used as a container. You don’t need expensive pots for containers. Wooden boxes, cans, tea kettles, old shoes and more will work. There’s no end to the number of items that can be used. Just be sure to drill holes in the bottom of your containers for proper water discharge. _____10_____ shows off your green fingers and your creativity is a container garden. C (2025年徐汇一模) Pioneers in artificial intelligence win the Nobel Prize in physics The 2024 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. They are known for their fundamental discoveries in machine learning ___1___ paved the way for how artificial intelligence is used today. Machine learning differs from traditional software. The software receives data, which is processed according to a clear description, and ___2___ (produce) the results. In machine learning, the computer learns by example, enabling it to tackle problems that are too complicated ___3___ (manage) by step-by-step instructions. Hinton and Hopfield ___4___ (credit) with using tools from physics to advance basic research in the field. In 1982, Hopfield developed a model of neural (神经的) networks, today known as the Hopfield network, to describe how the brain recalls memories when ___5___ (feed) partial information, similar to the method your brain uses to remember a word on the tip of your tongue. Geoff Hinton and colleagues further developed the Hopfield network. To do that, Hinton used statistical physics, based on an equation invented by the nineteenth century physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, creating a “Boltzmann machine.” It can learn— not from instructions, but from ___6___ (give) examples. A trained Boltzmann machine can recognize familiar traits (特质) in information it has not previously seen. Imagine meeting a friend’s brother or sister, and you can immediately see that they ___7___ be related. In a similar way, the Boltzmann machine can recognize an entirely new example ___8___ it belongs to a category found in the training material. Hinton has also urged caution around the technology. Hinton quit his job as a vice president last year at a tech giant. He said he left because he wanted to be able to share his concerns about the risks of artificial intelligence without worrying ____9____it would mean for his employer. “One of the ways in which these systems might escape control is by writing their own computer code to modify ____10____,” Hinton said in a 2023 interview. “That’s something we need to seriously worry about.” 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Decisions核心语法精练（动词不定式） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、指出下列句中动词不定式充当什么成分 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. He spent hours ______ (weigh) the pros and cons before making the final decision. 2. The report ______ (publish) last week will help us understand the current situation better. 3. ______ (solve) this problem requires a lot of patience and careful planning. 4. The teacher encouraged the students ______ (express) their own opinions during the discussion. 5. A new library ______ (build) in our school now, which will be completed next year. 6. She stood there, ______ (wait) for her friend who was late for the meeting. 7. It is important ______ (consider) the long-term consequences before taking action. 8. The book ______ (write) by the famous author has been translated into many languages. 9. He made a mistake, ______ (lead) to a lot of trouble for the whole team. 10. The students are looking forward to ______ (visit) the science museum next month. 11. ______ (know) the truth, she felt very disappointed and sad. 12. The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday needs to be solved as soon as possible. 13. He decided ______ (quit) his job and start his own business. 14. The little girl sat by the window, ______ (read) a storybook quietly. 15. A lot of money ______ (spend) on education every year in our country. 16. ______ (finish) his homework, he went out to play with his classmates. 17. The doctor advised him ______ (take) more exercise and eat less junk food. 18. The building ______ (construct) now is going to be the tallest in the city. 19. She forgot ______ (lock) the door when she left the house this morning. 20. The meeting ______ (hold) next Monday will focus on the new project. 21. The old man walked slowly along the street, ______ (carry) a heavy bag on his back. 22. It is necessary ______ (prepare) well for the exam if you want to get a good grade. 23. The letter ______ (send) by my brother yesterday arrived this morning. 24. He regretted ______ (not study) hard when he was in college. 25. The children are excited ______ (go) to the amusement park this weekend. 26. The bridge ______ (destroy) in the earthquake last year has been rebuilt. 27. ______ (hear) the news, they all jumped with joy. 28. My parents expect me ______ (get) a good job after graduation. 29. The film ______ (show) in the cinema now is very popular among young people. 30. She succeeded in ______ (persuade) her father to let her study abroad. 答案： 1. weighing：spend time (in) doing sth为固定搭配，in可省略，故填动名词形式。 2. published：report与publish为被动关系，且动作已完成，用过去分词作后置定语。 3. Solving：此处需用动名词作主语，指代“解决问题”这一动作，句首首字母大写。 4. to express：encourage sb to do sth为固定用法，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，接不定式作宾语补足语。 5. is being built：由now可知动作正在进行，library与build为被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态。 6. waiting：she与wait为主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，补充说明“站着”时的状态。 7. to consider：It is + adj. + to do sth为固定句型，It为形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式。 8. written：book与write为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，表“被著名作家写的书”。 9. leading：“犯错误”与“导致麻烦”存在主动的因果关系，用现在分词作结果状语。 10. visiting：look forward to中的to为介词，后接动名词作宾语，意为“期待做某事”。 11. Knowing：she与know为主动关系，且“知道真相”发生在“感到失望”之前，用现在分词作原因状语。 12. discussed：problem与discuss为被动关系，且动作发生在yesterday，用过去分词作后置定语。 13. to quit：decide to do sth为固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，接不定式作宾语。 14. reading：little girl与read为主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，描述“坐着”时的动作。 15. is spent：every year表经常性动作，money与spend为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。 16. Having finished：“完成作业”发生在“出去玩耍”之前，且he与finish为主动关系，用现在分词的完成式作时间状语。 17. to take：advise sb to do sth为固定用法，意为“建议某人做某事”，接不定式作宾语补足语。 18. being constructed：由now可知动作正在进行，building与construct为被动关系，用现在分词的被动式作后置定语。 19. to lock：forget to do sth表示“忘记要做某事（未做）”，此处指“出门时忘记锁门”，用不定式。 20. to be held：由next Monday可知动作未发生，meeting与hold为被动关系，用不定式的被动式作后置定语。 21. carrying：old man与carry为主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，说明“走路”时的动作。 22. to prepare：It is + adj. + to do sth为固定句型，It为形式主语，真正主语是不定式“做好准备”。 23. sent：letter与send为被动关系，且动作发生在yesterday，用过去分词作后置定语。 24. not studying：regret doing sth表示“后悔做过某事（已做）”，否定形式在动名词前加not，指“后悔大学时没努力学习”。 25. to go：be excited to do sth为固定搭配，意为“兴奋地做某事”，接不定式作原因状语。 26. destroyed：bridge与destroy为被动关系，且动作发生在last year，用过去分词作后置定语。 27. Hearing：they与hear为主动关系，“听到消息”与“欢呼”同时发生，用现在分词作时间状语，句首首字母大写。 28. to get：expect sb to do sth为固定用法，意为“期待某人做某事”，接不定式作宾语补足语。 29. being shown：由now可知动作正在进行，film与show为被动关系，用现在分词的被动式作后置定语。 30. persuading：succeed in doing sth为固定搭配，in为介词，后接动名词作宾语，意为“成功说服”。 二、指出下列句中动词不定式充当什么成分 1. It is important to protect the environment in daily life.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 2. Her dream to become a famous painter has come true.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 3. We plan to visit the art museum next weekend.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 4. The teacher asked us to finish the composition before class.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 5. He is always the first to arrive at the office every morning.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 6. To learn a foreign language well needs a lot of practice.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 7. The best way to solve this problem is to ask for help from experts.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 8. My parents expect me to get good grades in the final exam.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 9. It is necessary for us to master basic computer skills.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 10. She has no chance to take part in the singing competition.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 11. They decided to hold a charity party to help the poor children.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 12. To understand his paintings requires us to know his life experience.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 13. The little girl is eager to see her grandparents during the holiday.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 14. I have a lot of work to do this evening.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 15. The manager told his employees to improve their work efficiency.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 16. It seems difficult to complete this task in such a short time.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 17. His wish to travel around the world will be realized next year.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 18. We hope to get inspiration from this art exhibition.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 19. The guide advised the tourists to book hotels in advance.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 20. To create unique works of art is the goal of every artist.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 21. There are many books to read in the school library.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 22. My brother promised to help me with my math homework.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 23. It is interesting to watch the artists paint on the street.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 24. The task to design a new logo for the company is very challenging.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 25. She reminded me to take an umbrella because it might rain.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 26. To appreciate classical music can calm people's minds.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 27. He is ready to share his creative ideas with his teammates.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 28. We have no time to attend the meeting this afternoon.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 29. The doctor ordered the patient to rest for at least a week.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 30. It is wise to make a plan before starting a new project.（动词不定式充当什么成分） 答案： 1. 答案：真正主语（it为形式主语） 解析：句中“it”是形式主语，代替后面的动词不定式“to protect the environment”，避免句子头重脚轻，实际表达“保护日常生活中的环境很重要”，故动词不定式作真正主语。 2. 答案：定语 解析：动词不定式“to become a famous painter”修饰名词“dream”，限定“梦想”的具体内容是“成为著名画家”，起到定语修饰名词的作用。 3. 答案：宾语 解析：谓语动词“plan”是及物动词，后面需要接宾语，“to visit the art museum”作为动词“plan”的对象，说明“计划”的具体内容，故为宾语。 4. 答案：宾语补足语 解析：谓语动词“asked”后接了宾语“us”，“to finish the composition”补充说明“asked us”的具体要求，即让“我们”做“完成作文”这件事，补充宾语的动作，是宾语补足语。 5. 答案：定语 解析：序数词“the first”后常接动词不定式作定语，“to arrive at the office”修饰“the first”，说明“第一个”的具体情况是“到达办公室的（人）”，故为定语。 6. 答案：主语 解析：动词不定式“To learn a foreign language well”位于句首，直接充当句子的主语，表达“学好一门外语需要大量练习”这一核心动作，是句子的主体部分。 7. 答案：定语 解析：“to solve this problem”修饰名词“way”，明确“方法”的具体类型是“解决这个问题的（方法）”，对名词起到限定作用，属于定语。 8. 答案：宾语补足语 解析：“expect”后接宾语“me”，“to get good grades”补充说明“expect me”的具体期望，即期望“我”达成“取得好成绩”的结果，补充宾语的动作，为宾语补足语。 9. 答案：真正主语（it为形式主语） 解析：“it”作形式主语，代替“to master basic computer skills”，句子实际表达“我们掌握基本的计算机技能是必要的”，避免主语过长导致句子结构失衡，故动词不定式是真正主语。 10. 答案：定语 解析：“to take part in the singing competition”修饰名词“chance”，限定“机会”的具体内容是“参加歌唱比赛的（机会）”，修饰名词，作定语。 11. 答案：宾语 解析：“decided”是及物动词，“to hold a charity party”作为“decided”的对象，说明“决定”的具体事情是“举办慈善派对”，充当宾语。 12. 答案：主语 解析：动词不定式“To understand his paintings”在句首，直接作为句子的主语，表达“理解他的画作需要我们了解他的人生经历”，是句子的核心动作主体，作主语。 13. 答案：宾语 解析：“eager”是形容词，常与“to do”结构搭配，“to see her grandparents”作为“eager”所指向的内容，说明“渴望”的具体对象，此处可看作形容词后的宾语（或宾语性质的成分）。 14. 答案：定语 解析：“to do”修饰名词“work”，说明“工作”的具体类型是“要做的（工作）”，对名词“work”进行限定，作定语。 15. 答案：宾语补足语 解析：“told”后接宾语“his employees”，“to improve their work efficiency”补充说明“told his employees”的具体要求，即让“员工们”做“提高工作效率”这件事，补充宾语动作，为宾语补足语。 16. 答案：真正主语（it为形式主语） 解析：“it”是形式主语，代替“to complete this task”，实际表达“在这么短的时间内完成这项任务似乎很难”，避免主语过长，动词不定式作真正主语。 17. 答案：定语 解析：“to travel around the world”修饰名词“wish”，限定“愿望”的具体内容是“环游世界的（愿望）”，修饰名词，作定语。 18. 答案：宾语 解析：“hope”是及物动词，“to get inspiration”作为“hope”的对象，说明“希望”的具体内容是“获得灵感”，充当宾语。 19. 答案：宾语补足语 解析：“advised”后接宾语“the tourists”，“to book hotels in advance”补充说明“advised the tourists”的具体建议，即建议“游客们”做“提前订酒店”这件事，是宾语补足语。 20. 答案：主语 解析：动词不定式“To create unique works of art”在句首，直接充当句子主语，表达“创作独特的艺术作品是每位艺术家的目标”，是句子的核心动作主体，作主语。 21. 答案：定语 解析：“to read”修饰名词“books”，说明“书”的具体类型是“要读的（书）”，对名词“books”进行限定，作定语。 22. 答案：宾语 解析：“promised”是及物动词，“to help me with my math homework”作为“promised”的对象，说明“承诺”的具体内容是“帮我做数学作业”，充当宾语。 23. 答案：真正主语（it为形式主语） 解析：“it”作形式主语，代替“to watch the artists paint on the street”，实际表达“看艺术家们在街上作画很有趣”，避免主语过长，动词不定式作真正主语。 24. 答案：定语 解析：“to design a new logo for the company”修饰名词“task”，限定“任务”的具体内容是“为公司设计新标志的（任务）”，修饰名词，作定语。 25. 答案：宾语补足语 解析：“reminded”后接宾语“me”，“to take an umbrella”补充说明“reminded me”的具体提醒内容，即提醒“我”做“带伞”这件事，补充宾语动作，为宾语补足语。 26. 答案：主语 解析：动词不定式“To appreciate classical music”在句首，直接充当句子主语，表达“欣赏古典音乐能使人心情平静”，是句子的核心动作主体，作主语。 27. 答案：宾语 解析：“ready”是形容词，常与“to do”结构搭配，“to share his creative ideas”作为“ready”所指向的内容，说明“准备好”的具体事情是“分享创意想法”，此处看作形容词后的宾语（或宾语性质的成分）。 28. 答案：定语 解析：“to attend the meeting”修饰名词“time”，限定“时间”的具体情况是“参加会议的（时间）”，说明没有“参加会议的时间”，修饰名词，作定语。 29. 答案：宾语补足语 解析：“ordered”后接宾语“the patient”，“to rest for at least a week”补充说明“ordered the patient”的具体要求，即命令“病人”做“休息至少一周”这件事，是宾语补足语。 30. 答案：真正主语（it为形式主语） 解析：“it”是形式主语，代替“to make a plan before starting a new project”，实际表达“在开始新项目前制定计划是明智的”，避免主语过长，动词不定式作真正主语。 三、翻译句子 1. 她努力 在绘画中展现自然之美。（to show） 2. 这位诗人 写下这些诗句来表达对故乡的思念。（to express） 3. 我们 计划下周去美术馆寻找创作灵感。（to find） 4. 这个年轻设计师 想要用环保材料制作服装。（to make） 5. 父母 鼓励孩子勇敢尝试新事物。（to try） 6. 为了 让更多人关注传统文化，他举办了这场非遗展览。（to draw） 7. 艺术家 花了三个月时间完成这幅肖像画以纪念他的老师。（to honor） 8. 我们 需要耐心等待灵感的降临。（to wait for） 9. 他 决定放弃高薪工作去追求艺术梦想。（to pursue） 10. 这个故事 足够感人，能让读者流下眼泪。（to make） 11. 老师 要求学生用英语描述自己最喜欢的艺术作品。（to describe） 12. 为了 提高绘画技巧，她每天坚持练习两小时。（to improve） 13. 这支乐队 创作这首歌曲是为了传递希望的力量。（to spread） 14. 我们 邀请这位雕塑家来学校做讲座。（to give） 15. 他 似乎忘记了要在截止日期前提交设计方案。（to submit） 16. 这个展览 旨在让观众感受艺术与生活的紧密联系。（to let） 17. 她 渴望有机会与世界级艺术家交流学习。（to communicate） 18. 为了 避免错过精彩的艺术展，我们提前买好了门票。（to miss） 19. 父亲 教会我用相机记录生活中的美好瞬间。（to record） 20. 这个创意 太独特了，很难用语言准确描述。（to describe） 答案： 1. She tries to show the beauty of nature in her paintings. 解析：“努力做某事”用“try to do”，“自然之美”译为“the beauty of nature”，“在绘画中”用“in her paintings”体现场景。 2. The poet wrote these verses to express his longing for his hometown. 解析：动词不定式表目的，“思念”用“longing for”更贴合诗意，“故乡”译为“hometown”。 3. We plan to visit the art gallery to find creative inspiration next week. 解析：“计划做某事”用“plan to do”，“寻找创作灵感”译为“find creative inspiration”，时间状语“next week”后置。 4. This young designer wants to make clothes with environmentally friendly materials. 解析：“想要做某事”用“want to do”，“环保材料”译为“environmentally friendly materials”，符合单元“灵感与创作”主题。 5. Parents encourage their children to bravely try new things. 解析：“鼓励某人做某事”用“encourage sb. to do”，副词“bravely”修饰不定式“to try”，位置灵活。 6. To draw more people's attention to traditional culture, he held this intangible cultural heritage exhibition. 解析：不定式置于句首表目的，“关注”译为“draw attention to”，“非遗”对应“intangible cultural heritage”。 7. The artist spent three months finishing this portrait to honor his teacher. 解析：“spend time doing”表“花费时间做某事”，不定式“to honor”表目的，“纪念”用“honor”更正式。 8. We need to wait patiently for inspiration to come. 解析：“需要做某事”用“need to do”，“耐心等待”译为“wait patiently for”，“降临”用“come”简洁自然。 9. He decided to give up his high-paying job to pursue his artistic dream. 解析：“决定做某事”用“decide to do”，“放弃高薪工作”译为“give up his high-paying job”，“追求艺术梦想”对应“pursue his artistic dream”。 10. This story is touching enough to make readers shed tears. 解析：“形容词+enough to do”表“足够……去做”，“流下眼泪”译为“shed tears”，比“cry”更具文学性。 11. The teacher asked the students to describe their favorite works of art in English. 解析：“要求某人做某事”用“ask sb. to do”，“艺术作品”译为“works of art”，是单元核心词汇。 12. To improve her painting skills, she keeps practicing for two hours every day. 解析：不定式表目的，“提高技巧”译为“improve skills”，“坚持练习”用“keep practicing”体现持续性。 13. This band created this song to spread the power of hope. 解析：不定式表创作目的，“传递力量”译为“spread the power”，“希望的力量”用“the power of hope”符合语境。 14. We invited this sculptor to give a lecture at our school. 解析：“邀请某人做某事”用“invite sb. to do”，“雕塑家”译为“sculptor”，“做讲座”对应“give a lecture”。 15. He seems to have forgotten to submit the design plan before the deadline. 解析：“似乎做某事”用“seem to do”，“忘记要做某事”用“forget to do”，“截止日期”译为“deadline”。 16. This exhibition aims to let the audience feel the close connection between art and life. 解析：“旨在做某事”用“aim to do”，“让某人做某事”用“let sb. do”，“紧密联系”译为“close connection”。 17. She is eager to have a chance to communicate and learn from world-class artists. 解析：“渴望做某事”用“be eager to do”，“与……交流学习”译为“communicate and learn from”，“世界级”用“world-class”。 18. To avoid missing the wonderful art exhibition, we bought tickets in advance. 解析：“避免做某事”用“avoid doing”，不定式“To avoid...”表目的，“提前”译为“in advance”。 19. My father taught me to record the beautiful moments in life with a camera. 解析：“教某人做某事”用“teach sb. to do”，“记录瞬间”译为“record the moments”，“生活中”用“in life”。 20. This idea is so unique that it is hard to describe it accurately in words. 解析：“so+形容词+that...”引导结果状语从句，从句中“it is hard to do”表“做某事很难”，“准确描述”译为“describe...accurately”。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Finding one's true vocation For many young people, ____________ (find) a career that fits their interests and skills can be a long journey. They often start by exploring different fields, ____________ (weigh) the pros and cons of each option. Some may take part-time jobs to gain experience, while others might talk to professionals ____________ (learn) more about certain careers. Once they have collected enough information, the next step is ____________ (evaluate) their own strengths. It’s important ____________ (not rush) this process—hasty decisions can lead to regret later. For example, a person good at art might initially choose a business major, only ____________ (realize) it doesn’t bring them joy. True vocation often comes from a balance between passion and practicality. When someone finally finds their path, they usually feel a sense of purpose ____________drives them to work hard. This journey, though challenging, ____________ (be worth) the effort, as it helps people build a life ____________ (fill) with meaning. In the end, the key to ____________ (make) a satisfying career choice is knowing oneself well and being willing to adjust along the way. 答案： 1. finding 解析：此处为动名词作主语，“找到适合兴趣和技能的职业”是句子核心动作，动名词（v-ing）可充当主语成分，符合语法规则。 2. weighing 解析：现在分词作伴随状语，主语“they”与“权衡”（weigh）是主动关系，用v-ing形式体现“探索不同领域”时的伴随动作。 3. to learn 解析：不定式作目的状语，“与专业人士交流”的目的是“了解更多职业信息”，用“to do”结构表目的。 4. to evaluate 解析：“the next step is + to do”是固定句式，不定式作表语，说明“下一步动作是评估自身优势”。 5. not to rush 解析：“It’s important + (not) to do”是常用句型，不定式作真正主语，此处用否定式“not to rush”，强调“不要急于求成”。 6. to realize 解析：不定式作结果状语，“only to do”表“出乎意料的结果”，符合语境中“选择商科专业后，却发现不开心”的意外情况。 7. that 解析：关系代词引导定语从句，先行词“a sense of purpose”（目标感）是事物，从句中“drives”缺主语，故用“that”指代先行词并作主语。 8. is worth 解析：“be worth + 名词/代词”是固定搭配，表“值得……”，主语“this journey”是单数，时态为一般现在时，故用“is worth”。 9. filled 解析：过去分词作后置定语，“a life”与“fill”（充满）是被动关系（生活被“意义”充满），用过去分词“filled”修饰“life”。 10. making 解析：“the key to + doing”是固定结构，“to”为介词，后接动名词，表“做某事的关键”，故用“making”。 2. A Bus Ride to Freedom Rosa Parks is known as the "mother of the civil rights movement" in the US. On December 1, 1955, she (1) ______ (take) a bus home after a long day of work. At that time, segregation laws required Black people to sit at the back of the bus. When the white section was full, the driver asked Rosa and three other Black passengers (2) ______ (give) up their seats. The others obeyed, but Rosa refused. She (3) ______ (arrest) for breaking the law that day. Rosa’s act of courage started the Montgomery Bus Boycott. For 381 days, Black people in Montgomery refused (4) ______ (ride) the buses. This boycott put great pressure on the city’s government. Finally, in 1956, the Supreme Court declared that bus segregation (5) ______ (be) unconstitutional. Rosa Parks later said, "I only knew that (6) ______ was time for someone to stand up." Her simple act changed the course of American history. Today, her story (7) ______ (remember) as a symbol of resistance against injustice. It reminds us that one person’s bravery (8) ______ (can) make a big difference. Many schools and streets (9) ______ (name) after Rosa Parks. Her legacy continues to inspire people around the world (10) ______ (fight) for equality and freedom. 答案： 1. took 解析：根据时间状语“On December 1, 1955”，此处描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，take的过去式为took。 2. to give 解析：考查固定搭配“ask sb. to do sth.”（要求某人做某事），故填动词不定式to give。 3. was arrested 解析：主语She与动词arrest（逮捕）是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态“was + 过去分词”。 4. to ride 解析：考查固定搭配“refuse to do sth.”（拒绝做某事），故填to ride。 5. was 解析：本句是宾语从句，主句“declared”为过去时，从句需用相应过去时态；主语“bus segregation”是单数，故填was。 6. it 解析：考查固定句型“it is time for sb. to do sth.”（是某人该做某事的时候了），it在此处作形式主语，指代后面的不定式。 7. is remembered 解析：主语“her story”与动词remember（铭记）是被动关系，且描述现在的客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态“is + 过去分词”。 8. can 解析：此处表示“一个人的勇气能够带来巨大影响”，陈述客观可能性，用情态动词can（无时态变化）。 9. are named 解析：主语“Many schools and streets”与动词name（命名）是被动关系，描述现在的情况，用一般现在时的被动语态“are + 过去分词”。 10. to fight 解析：考查固定搭配“inspire sb. to do sth.”（激励某人做某事），故填动词不定式to fight。 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A (2025年虹口一模) How to Be Stylish While Protecting the Environment Despite the huge numbers of people who care about the environment and love clothes, there is a basic conflict about being green and being fashionable. This is because the fashion industry depends on a constant stream of ever-changing trends, ____1____ means you have to keep consuming. However, buying ____2____ awful lot of things that you don’t need, in this case new clothes, is harmful to the environment. Even so, there are still some measures you can take to achieve ____3____ of the goals. Firstly, rather than base your choice of clothes on ____4____ the fashion industry says you should, choose your own look. If you do this, you’ll look a lot more like an individual, and probably ____5____(genuinely) stylish. It does not require any sense of style ____6____(copy) the looks in fashion magazines but developing your own certainly does. You’ll find that you buy fewer clothes ____7____ they aren’t going in and out of fashion every week, and this helps the environment. Some people think that another way of achieving this is to buy only natural materials, like cotton. But the production of some plant-based materials involves the use of enormous quantities of pesticides (杀虫剂). In fact, cotton is an especially dirty crop, with methods ____8____(use) in its production which can destroy the local environment. If you want to avoid adding to soil and water pollution in this manner, simply ____9____(choose) organic materials. In the end, what you wear is your choice and no one would suggest that this should not be a free choice. But we hope that, ____10____(read) this, you will be aware of the impact your choices may have on the health of our planet. 【答案】1. which 2. an 3. both/either 4. whatever/what 5. more genuinely 6. to copy 7. because/as/since 8. used 9. choose 10. having read/reading 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在追求时尚的同时保护环境，给出了一些具体的建议和措施。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这是因为时尚产业依赖于不断变化的潮流，这意味着你必须不断消费。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句提到的事，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 【2题详解】 考查冠词。句意：然而，买一大堆你不需要的东西，比如新衣服，对环境是有害的。此处是固定搭配：an awful lot of意为“大量”。故填an。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意：即便如此，你仍然可以采取一些措施来实现这两个目标。空前是动词，所以空处应填名词或者代词作宾语，根据句意，此处用固定搭配：both of意为“两个都”或者either of意为“任何一个”符合语境。故填both或者either。 【4题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：首先，与其根据时尚界的说法选择衣服，不如选择自己的风格。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，可用what引导，也可用whatever（无论什么）引导。故填what或者whatever。 【5题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果你这样做，你会看起来更有个性，也可能更有型。根据前文more like以及and可知，前后为并列成分，所以也用比较级。故填more genuinely。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：模仿时尚杂志上的造型并不需要任何风格感，但发展自己的风格当然需要。此处是“It+及物动词+宾语+to do”结构，it为形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to copy。 【7题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：你会发现你买的衣服少了，因为它们不是每周都在流行和过时，这有助于环境。根据句意，空处引导原因状语从句，可用because，as或者since引导。故填because或者as或者since。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，棉花是一种特别肮脏的作物，它的生产方法会破坏当地的环境。此处是with引导的复合结构，methods和use之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填used。 【9题详解】 考查祈使句。句意：如果你想避免以这种方式增加土壤和水污染，只需选择有机材料。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主句为祈使句，动词用原形。故填choose。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但我们希望，在读完这篇文章后，你会意识到你的选择可能对我们这个星球的健康产生的影响。本句已有谓语动词，所以read用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，还可理解为动作发生在“意识到”之前，用现在分词的完成式。故填having read或者reading。 B (2025年长宁一模) The benefits of container gardening Do you love gardening, but you don’t have a yard? If that’s the case, ____1____(take) container gardening into consideration. This method involves ____2____(grow) plants in pots and containers rather than in the ground. Container gardening is a great way to grow flowers, herbs, vegetables, fruit trees and more. There are many advantages to this gardening method. To begin with, you don’t need much space. A roof or any other outdoor area that receives direct sunlight will work. In fact, a sunny, indoor kitchen windowsill(窗沿) is perfect for a few small plants, ____3____ gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals. The key is to choose a spot that receives a good deal of sunlight. Unless they’re too big or heavy, containers are portable. This allows you to move your plants inside if necessary. Or you can move your plants into the shade ____4____ extremely hot days. Containers allow you to place your plants ____5____ they’ll grow best. With containers, you’re almost certain ____6____(fill) them with productive soil. Using a good bag of potting soil that contains the necessary nutrients for your plants is best. Here’s an important tip: Once ____7____(stuff), large containers can get heavy. Therefore, it’s best to put them at a proper place before filling them. One of the greatest benefits of container gardening is that little or no weeding____8____(require). For plants in the ground, weeding is sometimes a daily or weekly requirement. People also love the fact that almost ____9____ can be used as a container. You don’t need expensive pots for containers. Wooden boxes, cans, tea kettles, old shoes and more will work. There’s no end to the number of items that can be used. Just be sure to drill holes in the bottom of your containers for proper water discharge. _____10_____ shows off your green fingers and your creativity is a container garden. 【答案】 1. take 2. growing 3. which 4. on/for/during/amid 5. wherever/where 6. to fill 7. stuffed 8. is required 9. anything/everything 10. Whatever/What 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了容器园艺的好处。 【1题详解】 考查祈使句。句意：如果是这种情况，请考虑进行容器园艺。前文If引导条件从句，从句中使用一般现在时，主句用祈使句。故填take。 2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种方法是把植物种在花盆和容器里，而不是在地里。involve后接动名词作宾语。故填growing。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：事实上，一个阳光充足的室内厨房窗台非常适合种植一些小植物，它可以让你在准备食物时轻松获取草药和蔬菜。空格后面的句子“gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals”是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文的整个句子，因此使用关系代词which。故填which。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：或者你可以在极热的天气里把植物移到阴凉处。 “on + 时间”表示“在某一天、某天晚上、某天早上等”的情况下。也可用用for“因为”或during“在……期间”或amid“在……过程中”故填on/for/during/amid。 【5题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：容器可以让你把植物放在它们生长最佳的地方。空处引导地点状语从句，用连词wherever/where。故填wherever/where。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：有了容器，你几乎肯定会用肥沃的土壤填满它们。be certain to do something是固定用法，表示有把握做某事。故填to fill。 【7题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：一旦装满，大容器就会变得很重。本句为Once引导状语从句的省略，还原后为：Once large containers are stuffed，省略了主语和be动词，用过去分词表被动。故填stuffed。 【8题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：一个最大的好处是，几乎不需要除草。空格处在句子中作谓语，陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，且little or no weeding与require为被动关系。故填is required。 【9题详解】 考查代词。句意：人们也喜欢几乎所有东西/任何东西都可以用作容器这一事实。根据句意可知，不定代词anything或者everything做主语。故填anything/everything。 【10题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：能展示你的园艺技能和创造力的是一个容器花园。空格处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，用连接词whatever/what。符合句意。故填Whatever/What。 C (2025年徐汇一模) Pioneers in artificial intelligence win the Nobel Prize in physics The 2024 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. They are known for their fundamental discoveries in machine learning ___1___ paved the way for how artificial intelligence is used today. Machine learning differs from traditional software. The software receives data, which is processed according to a clear description, and ___2___ (produce) the results. In machine learning, the computer learns by example, enabling it to tackle problems that are too complicated ___3___ (manage) by step-by-step instructions. Hinton and Hopfield ___4___ (credit) with using tools from physics to advance basic research in the field. In 1982, Hopfield developed a model of neural (神经的) networks, today known as the Hopfield network, to describe how the brain recalls memories when ___5___ (feed) partial information, similar to the method your brain uses to remember a word on the tip of your tongue. Geoff Hinton and colleagues further developed the Hopfield network. To do that, Hinton used statistical physics, based on an equation invented by the nineteenth century physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, creating a “Boltzmann machine.” It can learn— not from instructions, but from ___6___ (give) examples. A trained Boltzmann machine can recognize familiar traits (特质) in information it has not previously seen. Imagine meeting a friend’s brother or sister, and you can immediately see that they ___7___ be related. In a similar way, the Boltzmann machine can recognize an entirely new example ___8___ it belongs to a category found in the training material. Hinton has also urged caution around the technology. Hinton quit his job as a vice president last year at a tech giant. He said he left because he wanted to be able to share his concerns about the risks of artificial intelligence without worrying ____9____it would mean for his employer. “One of the ways in which these systems might escape control is by writing their own computer code to modify ____10____,” Hinton said in a 2023 interview. “That’s something we need to seriously worry about.” 【答案】 1. which 2. produces 3. to manage/ to be managed 4. are credited/were credited 5. fed 6. being given/ given 7. must 8. if/when 9. what 10. themselves 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖得主因机器学习领域贡献获奖，并讨论了AI风险。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他们因在机器学习领域的根本性发现而闻名，这为今天人工智能的使用奠定了基础。根据空前are和空后paved可知，空处为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为their fundamental discoveries，指物，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【2题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：软件接收数据，根据明确描述进行处理，并产生结果。根据空前and可知，空处为谓语动词，和receive并列，表示一般事实，需用一般现在时，主语为The software，谓语需用第三人称单数形式。故填produces。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在机器学习中，计算机通过示例学习，使其能够解决通过逐步指令无法管理的过于复杂的问题。根据空前are too complicated可知，空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，固定搭配be complicated to do sth.“做某事是复杂的”，可填to manage,也可以构成固定搭配too…to…意为“太……而不能……”，修饰problems，problems和manage之间为被动关系，需用to be managed。故填to manage/to be managed。 【4题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：Hinton和Hopfield因使用物理学工具推动该领域的基础研究而受到赞誉。根据空前主语Hinton and Hopfield可知，空处需用谓语动词作谓语，既可指陈述现在事实，需用一般现在时，也可指陈述过去事实，需用一般过去时，主语为Hinton and Hopfield，为复数形式，谓语需用复数形式，和主语之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。故填are credited/were credited。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：1982年，Hopfield开发了一种神经网络模型，今天被称为Hopfield网络，用于描述当大脑接收到部分信息时如何回忆记忆，这与你的大脑记住舌尖上的单词的方法相似。根据空前when可知，此句为when引导时间状语从句的省略句，空处需用非谓语动词作状语，when引导的从句中主语为the brain，和feed之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式。故填fed。 【6题详解】 考查形容词或动名词。句意：它可以学习——不是从指令中学习，而是从给出的例子中学习。根据空前from和空后examples可知，空处需用形容词作名词examples的定语，需用given，意为“特定的”。也可看成动名词，作介词from的宾语，与examples为被动关系，应用被动语态，需用being given。故填being given/given。 【7题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：想象一下，当你遇到朋友的兄弟姐妹时，你肯定可以立刻看出他们有亲戚关系。根据空前they和空后be可知，空处需用情态动词must表示“肯定”。故填must。 【8题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：同样地，Boltzmann机器可以识别一个全新的例子，如果它属于训练材料中找到的一个类别。根据空前can和空后belongs可知，空处需用从属连词引导状语从句，根据句意可知，空处需用从属连词if/when表示“如果/当……时”。故填if/when。 【9题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他说他离职是因为他想能够分享他对人工智能风险的担忧，而不必担心这会对他的雇主意味着什么。根据空前worrying和空后would可知，空处引导宾语从句，作worrying的宾语，从句中缺少 mean的宾语，指物，需用连接词what。故填what。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意：Hinton在2023年的一次采访中说：“这些系统可能失控的方式之一是通过编写自己的计算机代码来修改自己。”根据空前modify可知，空处需用代词作modify的宾语，指代前面提到的computer code，需用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $