Unit 4 Inspiration 现在完成进行时（单元核心语法精练）英语沪教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 4 Inspiration核心语法精练（现在完成进行时） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、完成句子 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. The artist drew inspiration from the beautiful scenery, which led to the ______ (create) of his greatest work. 2. It is often said that ______ (fail) is the mother of success, as it can inspire people to try harder. 3. The teacher’s encouraging words inspired the students ______ (overcome) their fear of public speaking. 4. This book, ______ (write) by a famous author, has inspired millions of readers around the world. 5. She felt a sense of ______ (inspire) when she watched the documentary about the disabled athlete. 6. The young musician practices ______ (hard) every day because he is inspired by his idol’s dedication. 7. It was the old man’s story of perseverance that ______ (inspire) us to keep going during difficult times. 8. ______ (Inspire) by her mother’s love for painting, she decided to study art at college. 9. The team leader’s positive attitude was an ______ (inspire) to all members, especially when they faced challenges. 10. He spent three months ______ (work) on the project, inspired by the hope of making a difference. 11. The scientist’s discovery has not only advanced technology but also ______ (inspire) a new generation of researchers. 12. It is important for parents to create an environment ______ their children can find inspiration easily. 13. The poet expressed his ______ (emotion) through words, which inspired many people to cherish life. 14. ______ (See) the children’s happy faces, the volunteer felt inspired to continue her charity work. 15. The film tells a true story of a woman who ______ (inspire) others to fight for equal rights. 16. Her ______ (devote) to helping the poor has inspired many young people to join the volunteer group. 17. The coach inspired the players ______ (believe) in themselves, and they finally won the championship. 18. This ancient building, with a history of 500 years, is a source of ______ (inspire) for local artists. 19. The little girl’s courage in the face of illness ______ (deep) inspired everyone around her. 20. He decided to change his lifestyle after ______ (read) a book that inspired him to value health. 21. The company’s new policy is ______ (inspire) by the idea of reducing environmental pollution. 22. The musician said that nature ______ (always, be) a major source of inspiration for his music. 23. The teacher asked the students to write an essay about a person who ______ (inspire) them most. 24. ______ (Inspire) stories of ordinary people doing extraordinary things often touch our hearts. 25. The artist’s work is full of ______ (imagine), which has inspired many young designers. 26. She has been ______ (inspire) by her grandmother’s wisdom since she was a child. 27. The event aims to bring together young people ______ (share) ideas and find inspiration from each other. 28. The writer’s latest novel, ______ (inspire) by real events, has become a bestseller this year. 29. His speech about following dreams was so ______ (inspire) that many listeners decided to pursue their goals. 30. We should always be open to new experiences, as they may be the key ______ finding inspiration. 二、完成句子 1. The artist ______ (draw) this painting for three weeks, and she is still adding details. 2. We ______ (prepare) for the school art exhibition since last month. 3. My brother ______ (collect) old cameras since he was ten years old. 4. The students ______ (discuss) the inspiration behind the poem in class for 40 minutes. 5. Ms. Li ______ (teach) us about creative thinking for two semesters. 6. It ______ (rain) heavily all morning, so the outdoor art show might be delayed. 7. Tom ______ (practice) playing the guitar to create background music for his short film. 8. The team ______ (work) on the new design project since the beginning of this year. 9. I ______ (read) this book about famous inventors for a week, but I haven’t finished it yet. 10. They ______ (build) the new art museum in our city for over two years. 11. The little girl ______ (paint) flowers on the wall since this morning. 12. Our teacher ______ (encourage) us to find inspiration in daily life for months. 13. Peter ______ (write) a story about his grandfather’s life experiences. 14. The scientists ______ (research) how to use AI in art creation for five years. 15. We ______ (wait) for the famous painter to arrive for an hour. 16. Mary ______ (learn) to make pottery since she joined the art club. 17. The band ______ (compose) a new song about hope and inspiration. 18. Mr. Wang ______ (repair) the old printing machine in the studio for three days. 19. The children ______ (make) paper cuttings for the art festival since yesterday. 20. I ______ (follow) the artist’s social media account since she held her first exhibition. 21. The workers ______ (decorate) the gallery with colorful lights all afternoon. 22. Lucy ______ (study) the works of Van Gogh to get inspiration for her own paintings. 23. We ______ (plan) a trip to the art museum since last week. 24. The writer ______ (edit) his new novel for half a year. 25. My parents ______ (support) my dream of becoming an artist since I was a child. 26. The students ______ (prepare) their artworks for the competition for three weeks. 27. It ______ (snow) since last night, covering the outdoor sculpture in white. 28. Jack ______ (take) photos of nature to use as material for his digital art. 29. The volunteers ______ (clean) the old art studio to make it a creative space. 30. I ______ (think) about the theme of my next painting for days. 三、翻译句子 1. 她一直在画这幅灵感源于自然的画，已经画了三个小时了。 2. 这位诗人一直在收集生活中的小细节，为他的新诗集做准备。 3. 我们一直在讨论这个创意方案，还没达成最终共识。 4. 小明一直在练习弹钢琴，为下周的校园才艺比赛做准备。 5. 科学家们一直在研究这种新型材料，希望能找到更广泛的应用场景。 6. 李老师一直在批改学生们的作文，从下午两点到现在。 7. 团队成员们一直在完善这个项目计划，争取明天能顺利提交。 8. 妹妹一直在读那本关于艺术灵感的书，已经读了大半本。 9. 设计师们一直在修改这款产品的外观，想让它更符合消费者的审美。 10. 爸爸一直在整理他的老照片，想从中找到年轻时的记忆碎片。 11. 同学们一直在排练元旦晚会的节目，每个人都很认真。 12. 这位画家一直在探索新的绘画风格，打破传统的束缚。 13. 我们一直在寻找解决这个问题的灵感，可惜目前还没有突破。 14. 妈妈一直在研究新的菜谱，想给家人带来不一样的美食体验。 15. 工程师们一直在测试这款新设备，确保它能稳定运行。 16. 小红一直在写日记，记录生活中那些能带来灵感的瞬间。 17. 团队一直在调查市场需求，为新产品的研发提供依据。 18. 爷爷一直在种植各种花卉，把小院打造成了一个充满生机的花园。 19. 老师们一直在讨论教学方法的创新，希望能提高学生的学习兴趣。 20. 我一直在思考这篇作文的主题，直到刚才才找到灵感。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. The Last Leaf In November, Johnsy was struck down by pneumonia. She lay in bed, thinking that when the last leaf on the ivy vine fell, she 1__________ (die) too. Old Behrman, a painter who lived on the ground floor, regarded himself as a special protector of Johnsy and Sue. He had always been about to paint a masterpiece but had never yet begun it. One night, after a heavy rain and strong wind, Johnsy looked out of the window and was surprised 2__________ (see) that there still stood one firm ivy leaf against the brick wall. It was the last one on the vine. She stared at it for a long time and then realized that she 3__________ (be) a bad girl. Something had made that last leaf stay there to show her how wrong she was to want to die. In fact, it was Behrman who 4__________ (paint) the leaf on the wall that night. He went out in the cold and wet weather, 5__________ (catch) pneumonia. And he 6 __________(die) a few days later. Sue told Johnsy that the last leaf was Behrman's masterpiece. It was 7__________ he painted it so realistically that Johnsy had believed it was a real leaf. This painting not only saved Johnsy's life but also made Behrman's dream of painting a masterpiece come true. Johnsy learned a valuable lesson from this experience. She realized that one should never give up hope, no matter 8 __________difficult the situation may seem. With hope in her heart, she began to recover 9 __________(gradual). And she decided to work harder at her painting, just like Behrman 10__________ (do). 2. From Robben Island: the dark years Nelson Mandela spent 18 years on Robben Island, a place that became a symbol of the struggle against apartheid. During those dark years, he and other prisoners 1____________ (treat) cruelly. They were forced to do hard labor and 2____________ (allow) only one letter every six months. However, Mandela never lost hope. He used the time 3____________ (teach) his fellow prisoners and plan for the future. The small cell he lived in, 4 was only 4 ____________square meters, became a place of learning and courage. One of his greatest strengths was his ability 5____________ (forgive) even those who had harmed him. After his release, he once said, "Resentment is like drinking poison and 6____________ (hope) the other person dies." Mandela’s experience on Robben Island taught the world that no matter how difficult the situation 7____________ (be), the human spirit can never be broken. Today, Robben Island is a museum, 8 ____________(remind) people of the price of freedom. Every year, thousands of visitors come here 9 ____________(learn) about Mandela’s story and 10____________ (draw) inspiration from his courage. 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A (2025年青浦一模) Washing Fruit Before Eating doesn’t Remove Pesticides (杀虫剂) Do you wash fruit before putting it into your mouth? If your answer is yes, the following news may well be (1) ______ (disappoint) to you. Using specific imaging technology to see (2) ______ pesticides affected apples, scientists found distribution of pesticides in the apple skin and flesh layers, confirming that the pesticides pass through the skin layer into the flesh layer, according to a report published recently in America. “Thus, the risk of pesticide intake from fruits cannot be avoided by simple washing other than peeling, which means taking the skin off fruits.” The study’s authors said they were not looking to scare (3) ______ about the presence of pesticides in their food, but they want to provide guidance on how to avoid them. This study, (4) ______ (situate) within the expansive research area of food safety, attempts to provide consumers with health guidance,” said Dongdong Ye, professor at Anhui Agricultural University and study author. (5) ______ ______ bringing up unnecessary anxiety, the research assumes that peeling can effectively wipe out nearly all pesticide left. This contrasts with the practice of washing, which (6) ______ (recommend) frequently. As the report says, “traditional fruit-cleaning operations cannot wholly remove pesticides,” but “considering that the flesh layer lost during peeling was a great deal (7) ______ (large) than 0.03mm, we believe that the peeling operation can effectively avoid the dangers of pesticides in the fruit’s skin (8) ______ ______ the probability of taking in pesticides can be reduced.” According to the most recent report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, “before allowing a pesticide (9) ______ (use) on a food product, the Environmental Protection Agency sets limits on how much of the pesticide may be used on food during growing, processing, and storage, and how much can remain on the food (10) ______ reaches the consumer.” B (2025年崇明一模) Report: Harmful Waste Creation Set to Increase The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said in a report that public waste creation will greatly increase by 2050. The rise will cause hundreds of billions of dollars of damage through biodiversity loss, climate change, and deadly pollution, UNEP reports. UNEP’s Global Waste Management Outlook 2024 says worldwide waste creation would greatly increase (1) _____ governments take urgent preventative measures. Damage (2) _____ (cause) by the growing waste would account for about $443 billion of the total cost. The report, called Beyond an Age of Waste: Turning Rubbish into a Resource, (3) _____ (release) during the U.N. Environment Assembly in Kenya early this week. The writers argue that humanity (4) _____ (move) backwards over the past ten years. They say humans are creating more waste, more pollution, and more climate changing gases. Waste prevention measures and improved waste treatment could reduce those costs, the report said. But it notes, there are major barriers (5) _____ such reforms. Negotiators are working toward an agreement (6) _____ (deal) with the especially damaging and dangerous pollution from plastics. They are beginning a fourth round of talks in April. UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen said she is hopeful they will complete the agreement by the end of this year. Environmentalists and fossil fuel (化石燃料) producers continue to disagree about the terms of the agreement. They especially dispute (7) _____ the deal should center on reducing plastics production or increasing recycling and reuse. “There is an interest, especially among the countries (8) _____ are producing raw polymer (聚合物), but as I keep telling them, this is not an anti-plastic agreement,” Andersen told the reporters, (9) _____ (note) there would still be a need for plastics in vehicles and medical equipment. Andersen said (10) _____ she hopes is that no groups would work to block progress on the agreement, but instead “find a way forward that actually takes into account the fact that we are drowning in plastic.” 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇关于联合国环境规划署（UNEP）发布的《2024 年全球废物管理展望》报告的报道，指出若不采取紧急预防措施，全球废弃物产生量将大幅增加，会造成诸多危害，同时介绍了各方围绕应对塑料污染相关协议的协商情况及争议点等内容。 【1 题详解】 考查连词。句意：联合国环境规划署的《2024 年全球废物管理展望》称，除非各国政府采取紧急预防措施，否则全球废弃物产生量将大幅增加。根据语境可知，此处表示 “除非”，引导条件状语从句，应用 “unless”，故填 “unless”。 【2 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：不断增加的废弃物造成的损害将占到总成本的约 4430 亿美元。此处 “Damage” 与 “cause” 之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰 “Damage”，故填 “caused”。 【3 题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这份名为《超越废弃物时代：将垃圾转化为资源》的报告于本周早些时候在肯尼亚举行的联合国环境大会期间发布。此处描述过去发生的动作，且 “report” 与 “release” 之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为 “was/were + 过去分词”，主语是单数，be 动词用 “was”，故填 “was released”。 【4 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：作者们认为，在过去十年里，人类一直在倒退。根据时间状语 “over the past ten years” 可知，此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，强调动作从过去持续到现在，现在完成时结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”，现在完成进行时结构为 “have/has + been + 现在分词”，主语 “humanity” 是不可数名词，助动词用 “has”，故填 “has moved/has been moving”。 【5 题详解】 考查介词。句意：但报告指出，此类改革存在重大障碍。“barrier to...” 为固定搭配，意为 “…… 的障碍”，故填 “to”。 【6 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：谈判代表们正在努力达成一项协议，以应对塑料造成的极具破坏性和危险性的污染。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示 “为了应对……”，故填 “to deal”。 【7 题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他们尤其争论该协议的重点应该是减少塑料生产还是增加回收和再利用。此处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，但表示 “是否” 的含义，应用 “whether” 引导，故填 “whether”。 【8 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：“那些生产原始聚合物的国家对此很感兴趣，但正如我一直告诉他们的那样，这不是一项反塑料协议，” 安徒生告诉记者，同时指出在汽车和医疗设备中仍需要塑料。此处引导定语从句，先行词是 “the countries”，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 “that/which” 引导，故填 “that/which”。 【9 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“那些生产原始聚合物的国家对此很感兴趣，但正如我一直告诉他们的那样，这不是一项反塑料协议，” 安徒生告诉记者，同时指出在汽车和医疗设备中仍需要塑料。此处 “noting” 为现在分词作伴随状语，与主语 “Andersen” 之间是主动关系，故填 “noting”。 【10 题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：安徒生说，她希望的是，没有任何团体阻碍该协议的进展，而是 “找到一种前进的道路，切实考虑到我们正被塑料淹没这一事实”。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物，应用 “what” 引导，故填 “what”。 C (2025年宝山一模) In the heart of the city where towering buildings go up into the sky, firefighters spring into action. Within 60 seconds of hearing a bell ring, they (1) _____ (dress) and rushing toward the chaos of a high-rise on fire. They have to head inside, knowing that floors could collapse under them and ceilings could fall on their heads. One wrong decision (2) _____ mean death. Who would sign up for a job like that? Ask firefighter Sam Telfer. He used to sit in a high-rise office of a software company in San Diego, California. Now he is trained (3) _____ (break) into rooms full of blinding smoke and terrible heat and come up with a rescue strategy. "I wanted to be on my feet (4) _____ (much), working with my hands, learning new and practical skills and having a job that varied day by day. "That's quite an understatement to describe a career (5) _____ requires you to keep a cool head while attacking a fire. But Telfer says that flames and nerves can be conquered in the same way: continuous physical and mental training. Telfer was a runner in college, but nowadays he builds up his lung capacity for life-threatening conditions instead of races. He might climb hundreds of steps, wearing 34 kilograms of gear (装备), including oxygen tanks. He may carry unconscious victims to safety. No matter what he does, he must control his breathing. Panic will only waste his (6) _____ (limit) air supply. His survival (7) _____ (depend) on more than physical fitness. Firefighters must have extensive mental preparation. Between disasters, they study a wide range of subjects such as emergency medicine, structural design and chemical reactions. They practice quickly (8) _____ (assess) the changing conditions of a fire. "It is (9) _____ we love the job," Telfer says. "We are constantly learning." Going from being a software specialist to a first responder was quite a shift for Telfer. Never could he have imagined the challenges he would face. But he says,"Not once have I ever felt that it was not the right job for me."Danger might be waiting (10) _____ he heads to work each day. But his body and mind are trained to stay calm, even in the roar (咆哮) of a big fire. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Inspiration核心语法精练（现在完成进行时） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、完成句子 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. The artist drew inspiration from the beautiful scenery, which led to the ______ (create) of his greatest work. 2. It is often said that ______ (fail) is the mother of success, as it can inspire people to try harder. 3. The teacher’s encouraging words inspired the students ______ (overcome) their fear of public speaking. 4. This book, ______ (write) by a famous author, has inspired millions of readers around the world. 5. She felt a sense of ______ (inspire) when she watched the documentary about the disabled athlete. 6. The young musician practices ______ (hard) every day because he is inspired by his idol’s dedication. 7. It was the old man’s story of perseverance that ______ (inspire) us to keep going during difficult times. 8. ______ (Inspire) by her mother’s love for painting, she decided to study art at college. 9. The team leader’s positive attitude was an ______ (inspire) to all members, especially when they faced challenges. 10. He spent three months ______ (work) on the project, inspired by the hope of making a difference. 11. The scientist’s discovery has not only advanced technology but also ______ (inspire) a new generation of researchers. 12. It is important for parents to create an environment ______ their children can find inspiration easily. 13. The poet expressed his ______ (emotion) through words, which inspired many people to cherish life. 14. ______ (See) the children’s happy faces, the volunteer felt inspired to continue her charity work. 15. The film tells a true story of a woman who ______ (inspire) others to fight for equal rights. 16. Her ______ (devote) to helping the poor has inspired many young people to join the volunteer group. 17. The coach inspired the players ______ (believe) in themselves, and they finally won the championship. 18. This ancient building, with a history of 500 years, is a source of ______ (inspire) for local artists. 19. The little girl’s courage in the face of illness ______ (deep) inspired everyone around her. 20. He decided to change his lifestyle after ______ (read) a book that inspired him to value health. 21. The company’s new policy is ______ (inspire) by the idea of reducing environmental pollution. 22. The musician said that nature ______ (always, be) a major source of inspiration for his music. 23. The teacher asked the students to write an essay about a person who ______ (inspire) them most. 24. ______ (Inspire) stories of ordinary people doing extraordinary things often touch our hearts. 25. The artist’s work is full of ______ (imagine), which has inspired many young designers. 26. She has been ______ (inspire) by her grandmother’s wisdom since she was a child. 27. The event aims to bring together young people ______ (share) ideas and find inspiration from each other. 28. The writer’s latest novel, ______ (inspire) by real events, has become a bestseller this year. 29. His speech about following dreams was so ______ (inspire) that many listeners decided to pursue their goals. 30. We should always be open to new experiences, as they may be the key ______ finding inspiration. 答案： 1. creation 解析：形容词性物主代词“the”后需接名词，“create”的名词形式为“creation”（创作），句意为“艺术家从美景中汲取灵感，创作出了他最伟大的作品”。 2. failure 解析：从句中缺少主语，需用名词形式，“fail”的名词为“failure”（失败），且此处为抽象概念，不可数，句意为“人们常说失败是成功之母，因为它能激励人们更努力”。 3. to overcome 解析：固定搭配“inspire sb. to do sth.”（激励某人做某事），故填不定式“to overcome”，句意为“老师的鼓励话语激励学生克服对公开演讲的恐惧”。 4. written 解析：句中已有谓语动词“has inspired”，“write”需用非谓语形式；“book”与“write”是被动关系，故填过去分词“written”，作后置定语。 5. inspiration 解析：介词“of”后需接名词，“inspire”的名词形式为“inspiration”（灵感；启发），句意为“观看残疾运动员的纪录片时，她感到一阵启发”。 6. hard 解析：“practice”后接副词修饰动作，“hard”本身可作副词（努力地），“hardly”表示“几乎不”，不符合语境，句意为“年轻音乐家受偶像的专注激励，每天努力练习”。 7. inspired 解析：强调句型“It was...that...”中，“that”后需接谓语动词；根据语境，动作发生在过去，故填过去式“inspired”，句意为“正是老人坚持不懈的故事，激励我们在困难时期继续前进”。 8. Inspired 解析：句中已有谓语动词“decided”，“inspire”需用非谓语形式；“she”与“inspire”是被动关系（被激励），故填过去分词“inspired”，作状语。 9. inspiration 解析：不定冠词“an”后需接可数名词单数，“inspire”的名词形式“inspiration”（鼓舞人心的人/事）符合语境，句意为“团队领导的积极态度对所有成员都是一种鼓舞”。 10. working 解析：固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth.”（花费时间做某事），故填“working”，句意为“受创造改变的希望激励，他花了三个月时间做这个项目”。 11. inspired 解析：“not only...but also...”连接并列谓语，前半句用现在完成时“has advanced”，后半句也需用现在完成时，故填“inspired”，句意为“科学家的发现不仅推动了技术，还激励了新一代研究者”。 12. where 解析：定语从句中，先行词“environment”表示地点，从句缺少地点状语，故填关系副词“where”，句意为“父母创造一个孩子能轻松找到灵感的环境很重要”。 13. emotions 解析：形容词性物主代词“his”后需接名词，“emotion”为可数名词，此处表泛指，故填复数“emotions”（情感），句意为“诗人用文字表达情感，激励许多人珍惜生活”。 14. Seeing 解析：句中已有谓语动词“felt”，“see”需用非谓语形式；“the volunteer”与“see”是主动关系，故填现在分词“Seeing”，作状语。 15. inspired 解析：定语从句中，先行词“a woman”为单数，根据语境，动作发生在过去，故填过去式“inspired”，句意为“这部电影讲述了一个女人激励他人争取平等权利的真实故事”。 16. devotion 解析：形容词性物主代词“Her”后需接名词，“devote”的名词形式“devotion”（奉献）符合语境，句意为“她对帮助穷人的奉献激励许多年轻人加入志愿团体”。 17. to believe 解析：固定搭配“inspire sb. to do sth.”（激励某人做某事），故填“to believe”，句意为“教练激励球员相信自己，他们最终赢得了冠军”。 18. inspiration 解析：介词“of”后需接名词，“inspiration”（灵感）为不可数名词，符合语境，句意为“这座有500年历史的古建筑，是当地艺术家的灵感来源”。 19. deeply 解析：需用副词修饰动词“inspired”，“deep”的副词形式“deeply”（深深地）符合语境，句意为“小女孩面对疾病的勇气深深激励了身边所有人”。 20. reading 解析：介词“after”后需接动名词，故填“reading”，句意为“读了一本激励他重视健康的书后，他决定改变生活方式”。 21. inspired 解析：被动语态结构“be + 过去分词”，“inspire”的过去分词为“inspired”，句意为“公司的新政策受减少环境污染理念的启发”。 22. has always been 解析：根据“always”和语境，“自然是灵感来源”是从过去持续到现在的状态，需用现在完成时；主语“nature”为单数，故填“has always been”。 23. has inspired 解析：定语从句中，先行词“a person”为单数；“inspire”的动作对现在有影响（激励至今），需用现在完成时，故填“has inspired”，句意为“老师让学生写一篇关于最激励他们的人的文章”。 24. Inspiring 解析：需用形容词修饰名词“stories”，“inspire”的形容词形式“inspiring”（鼓舞人心的）符合语境，句意为“普通人做非凡事的鼓舞人心的故事常触动我们的心”。 25. imagination 解析：介词“of”后需接名词，“imagine”的名词形式“imagination”（想象力）符合语境，句意为“艺术家的作品充满想象力，激励了许多年轻设计师”。 26. inspired 解析：被动语态结构“be + 过去分词”，“inspire”的过去分词为“inspired”，句意为“从小，她就受祖母的智慧激励”。 27. to share 解析：用不定式作目的状语，表“汇集年轻人”的目的是“分享想法”，故填“to share”，句意为“该活动旨在汇集年轻人，分享想法并相互汲取灵感”。 28. inspired 解析：句中已有谓语动词“has become”，“inspire”需用非谓语形式；“novel”与“inspire”是被动关系，故填过去分词“inspired”，作后置定语。 29. inspiring 解析：需用形容词作表语，修饰“speech”（事物），“inspiring”（鼓舞人心的）符合语境，句意为“他关于追逐梦想的演讲如此鼓舞人心，许多听众决定追求目标”。 30. to 解析：固定搭配“the key to doing sth.”（做某事的关键），“to”为介词，故填“to”，句意为“我们应始终乐于接受新经历，因为它们可能是找到灵感的关键”。 二、完成句子 1. The artist ______ (draw) this painting for three weeks, and she is still adding details. 2. We ______ (prepare) for the school art exhibition since last month. 3. My brother ______ (collect) old cameras since he was ten years old. 4. The students ______ (discuss) the inspiration behind the poem in class for 40 minutes. 5. Ms. Li ______ (teach) us about creative thinking for two semesters. 6. It ______ (rain) heavily all morning, so the outdoor art show might be delayed. 7. Tom ______ (practice) playing the guitar to create background music for his short film. 8. The team ______ (work) on the new design project since the beginning of this year. 9. I ______ (read) this book about famous inventors for a week, but I haven’t finished it yet. 10. They ______ (build) the new art museum in our city for over two years. 11. The little girl ______ (paint) flowers on the wall since this morning. 12. Our teacher ______ (encourage) us to find inspiration in daily life for months. 13. Peter ______ (write) a story about his grandfather’s life experiences. 14. The scientists ______ (research) how to use AI in art creation for five years. 15. We ______ (wait) for the famous painter to arrive for an hour. 16. Mary ______ (learn) to make pottery since she joined the art club. 17. The band ______ (compose) a new song about hope and inspiration. 18. Mr. Wang ______ (repair) the old printing machine in the studio for three days. 19. The children ______ (make) paper cuttings for the art festival since yesterday. 20. I ______ (follow) the artist’s social media account since she held her first exhibition. 21. The workers ______ (decorate) the gallery with colorful lights all afternoon. 22. Lucy ______ (study) the works of Van Gogh to get inspiration for her own paintings. 23. We ______ (plan) a trip to the art museum since last week. 24. The writer ______ (edit) his new novel for half a year. 25. My parents ______ (support) my dream of becoming an artist since I was a child. 26. The students ______ (prepare) their artworks for the competition for three weeks. 27. It ______ (snow) since last night, covering the outdoor sculpture in white. 28. Jack ______ (take) photos of nature to use as material for his digital art. 29. The volunteers ______ (clean) the old art studio to make it a creative space. 30. I ______ (think) about the theme of my next painting for days. 答案： 1. 答案：has been drawing 解析：“for three weeks”表示持续时间段，且“still adding details”说明动作仍在进行，用现在完成进行时，主语The artist为第三人称单数，助动词用has。 2. 答案：have been preparing 解析：“since last month”是现在完成进行时的标志性时间状语，主语We为复数，助动词用have。 3. 答案：has been collecting 解析：“since he was ten years old”强调动作从过去持续到现在，主语My brother是第三人称单数，用has been collecting。 4. 答案：have been discussing 解析：“for 40 minutes”表示动作持续时长，主语The students为复数，助动词用have，动词discuss的现在分词为discussing。 5. 答案：has been teaching 解析：“for two semesters”体现动作持续，主语Ms. Li为第三人称单数，teach的现在分词为teaching，故填has been teaching。 6. 答案：has been raining 解析：“all morning”说明动作从早上持续到现在，主语It为第三人称单数，rain的现在分词为raining，用has been raining。 7. 答案：has been practicing 解析：语境隐含“练习吉他”的动作持续进行以达成“创作背景音乐”的目的，主语Tom为第三人称单数，填has been practicing。 8. 答案：have been working 解析：“since the beginning of this year”提示动作从过去持续到现在，主语The team视为复数，用have been working。 9. 答案：have been reading 解析：“for a week”+“haven’t finished it yet”表明动作持续且未结束，主语I用have been reading。 10. 答案：have been building 解析：“for over two years”表示持续时长，主语They为复数，build的现在分词为building，填have been building。 11. 答案：has been painting 解析：“since this morning”是关键时间状语，主语The little girl为第三人称单数，paint的现在分词为painting，用has been painting。 12. 答案：has been encouraging 解析：“for months”体现动作持续，主语Our teacher为第三人称单数，encourage的现在分词为encouraging，填has been encouraging。 13. 答案：has been writing 解析：语境暗示“写故事”的动作正在持续，主语Peter为第三人称单数，用has been writing。 14. 答案：have been researching 解析：“for five years”表示持续时间段，主语The scientists为复数，research的现在分词为researching，填have been researching。 15. 答案：have been waiting 解析：“for an hour”说明动作持续，主语We为复数，用have been waiting。 16. 答案：has been learning 解析：“since she joined the art club”提示动作从过去持续到现在，主语Mary为第三人称单数，learn的现在分词为learning，填has been learning。 17. 答案：has been composing 解析：隐含“创作歌曲”的动作仍在进行，主语The band视为单数，compose的现在分词为composing，用has been composing。 18. 答案：has been repairing 解析：“for three days”表示持续时长，主语Mr. Wang为第三人称单数，repair的现在分词为repairing，填has been repairing。 19. 答案：have been making 解析：“since yesterday”是现在完成进行时的标志，主语The children为复数，make的现在分词为making，用have been making。 20. 答案：have been following 解析：“since she held her first exhibition”提示动作持续，主语I用have been following。 21. 答案：have been decorating 解析：“all afternoon”说明动作从下午持续到现在，主语The workers为复数，decorate的现在分词为decorating，填have been decorating。 22. 答案：has been studying 解析：语境隐含“研究作品”的动作持续进行以获取灵感，主语Lucy为第三人称单数，用has been studying。 23. 答案：have been planning 解析：“since last week”表明动作持续，主语We为复数，plan的现在分词为planning，填have been planning。 24. 答案：has been editing 解析：“for half a year”表示持续时间段，主语The writer为第三人称单数，edit的现在分词为editing，填has been editing。 25. 答案：have been supporting 解析：“since I was a child”提示动作从过去持续到现在，主语My parents为复数，用have been supporting。 26. 答案：have been preparing 解析：“for three weeks”体现动作持续，主语The students为复数，prepare的现在分词为preparing，填have been preparing。 27. 答案：has been snowing 解析：“since last night”+“covering the sculpture”说明动作持续且有结果，主语It为第三人称单数，用has been snowing。 28. 答案：has been taking 解析：隐含“拍照片”的动作持续进行以获取创作素材，主语Jack为第三人称单数，填has been taking。 29. 答案：have been cleaning 解析：语境暗示“打扫工作室”的动作仍在进行，主语The volunteers为复数，用have been cleaning。 30. 答案：have been thinking 解析：“for days”表示持续时长，主语I用have been thinking，体现“思考主题”的动作持续。 三、翻译句子 1. 她一直在画这幅灵感源于自然的画，已经画了三个小时了。 2. 这位诗人一直在收集生活中的小细节，为他的新诗集做准备。 3. 我们一直在讨论这个创意方案，还没达成最终共识。 4. 小明一直在练习弹钢琴，为下周的校园才艺比赛做准备。 5. 科学家们一直在研究这种新型材料，希望能找到更广泛的应用场景。 6. 李老师一直在批改学生们的作文，从下午两点到现在。 7. 团队成员们一直在完善这个项目计划，争取明天能顺利提交。 8. 妹妹一直在读那本关于艺术灵感的书，已经读了大半本。 9. 设计师们一直在修改这款产品的外观，想让它更符合消费者的审美。 10. 爸爸一直在整理他的老照片，想从中找到年轻时的记忆碎片。 11. 同学们一直在排练元旦晚会的节目，每个人都很认真。 12. 这位画家一直在探索新的绘画风格，打破传统的束缚。 13. 我们一直在寻找解决这个问题的灵感，可惜目前还没有突破。 14. 妈妈一直在研究新的菜谱，想给家人带来不一样的美食体验。 15. 工程师们一直在测试这款新设备，确保它能稳定运行。 16. 小红一直在写日记，记录生活中那些能带来灵感的瞬间。 17. 团队一直在调查市场需求，为新产品的研发提供依据。 18. 爷爷一直在种植各种花卉，把小院打造成了一个充满生机的花园。 19. 老师们一直在讨论教学方法的创新，希望能提高学生的学习兴趣。 20. 我一直在思考这篇作文的主题，直到刚才才找到灵感。 答案： 1. 答案：She has been painting this picture inspired by nature for three hours. 解析：“一直在画”体现动作持续，用现在完成进行时“has been painting”；“灵感源于自然”作后置定语，用“inspired by nature”，符合Unit 4中“inspiration”相关的语境表达。 2. 答案：The poet has been collecting small details in life to prepare for his new poetry collection. 解析：“一直在收集”用“has been collecting”，强调动作从过去持续到现在；“为……做准备”用“to prepare for”，表目的，贴合“为诗集积累素材”的场景。 3. 答案：We have been discussing this creative plan and haven't reached a final consensus yet. 解析：“一直在讨论”用“have been discussing”，体现动作的持续性；“还没达成”用现在完成时“haven't reached”，与前面的持续动作形成对比，符合逻辑。 4. 答案：Xiao Ming has been practicing playing the piano to prepare for the school talent competition next week. 解析：“一直在练习”用“has been practicing”，“练习做某事”是“practice doing sth”，为固定搭配；“为下周比赛准备”用“to prepare for...”，明确动作目的。 5. 答案：Scientists have been researching this new type of material in the hope of finding a wider range of application scenarios. 解析：“一直在研究”用“have been researching”，主语“scientists”是复数，助动词用“have”；“希望做某事”用“in the hope of doing sth”，符合学术类语境的表达。 6. 答案：Mr. Li has been correcting the students' compositions since 2 o'clock this afternoon. 解析：“从下午两点到现在”是明确的时间状语，用“since 2 o'clock this afternoon”，搭配现在完成进行时“has been correcting”，准确体现动作开始时间和持续性。 7. 答案：Team members have been improving this project plan to strive for its smooth submission tomorrow. 解析：“一直在完善”用“have been improving”，“争取……”用“to strive for...”，“顺利提交”是“smooth submission”，符合职场项目推进的语境。 8. 答案：My younger sister has been reading that book about artistic inspiration and has already finished more than half of it. 解析：“一直在读”用“has been reading”，“已经读了大半本”用现在完成时“has already finished”，前者表持续动作，后者表动作结果，逻辑清晰。 9. 答案：Designers have been modifying the appearance of this product to make it more in line with consumers' aesthetics. 解析：“一直在修改”用“have been modifying”，“使……符合”用“to make it more in line with...”，“消费者的审美”是“consumers' aesthetics”，贴合设计领域的表达。 10. 答案：Dad has been organizing his old photos to find fragments of memories from his youth. 解析：“一直在整理”用“has been organizing”，“寻找……”用“to find...”，表目的；“记忆碎片”是“fragments of memories”，语言表达细腻，符合“回忆”的场景。 11. 答案：Students have been rehearsing the programs for the New Year's Day party, and everyone is very serious. 解析：“一直在排练”用“have been rehearsing”，“元旦晚会的节目”是“the programs for the New Year's Day party”，“每个人都很认真”用一般现在时，描述当前状态，与持续动作搭配自然。 12. 答案：This painter has been exploring new painting styles to break the constraints of tradition. 解析：“一直在探索”用“has been exploring”，“打破……束缚”用“to break the constraints of...”，“传统的束缚”是“the constraints of tradition”，符合艺术创新的主题。 13. 答案：We have been looking for inspiration to solve this problem, but unfortunately, we haven't made a breakthrough yet. 解析：“一直在寻找”用“have been looking for”，“寻找解决问题的灵感”是“look for inspiration to solve this problem”，贴合Unit 4“inspiration”的核心话题；“还没有突破”用“haven't made a breakthrough”，体现结果。 14. 答案：Mom has been researching new recipes to bring different food experiences to the family. 解析：“一直在研究”用“has been researching”，“新的菜谱”是“new recipes”，“给家人带来……体验”用“to bring...to the family”，语言生活化，符合家庭场景。 15. 答案：Engineers have been testing this new device to ensure that it can operate stably. 解析：“一直在测试”用“have been testing”，“确保……”用“to ensure that...”，引导宾语从句；“稳定运行”是“operate stably”，符合工程技术领域的表达。 16. 答案：Xiao Hong has been keeping a diary to record the moments that can bring inspiration in life. 解析：“一直在写日记”用“has been keeping a diary”，“记录……瞬间”用“to record the moments that...”，“that”引导定语从句修饰“moments”，结构完整，贴合“记录灵感”的场景。 17. 答案：The team has been investigating market demand to provide a basis for the research and development of new products. 解析：“一直在调查”用“has been investigating”，“市场需求”是“market demand”，“为……提供依据”用“to provide a basis for...”，符合商业研发的语境。 18. 答案：Grandpa has been planting various kinds of flowers to turn the small courtyard into a vibrant garden. 解析：“一直在种植”用“has been planting”，“各种花卉”是“various kinds of flowers”，“把……打造成……”用“to turn...into...”，生动体现动作目的和结果。 19. 答案：Teachers have been discussing the innovation of teaching methods to improve students' interest in learning. 解析：“一直在讨论”用“have been discussing”，“教学方法的创新”是“the innovation of teaching methods”，“提高……兴趣”用“to improve...interest in...”，符合教育领域的表达。 20. 答案：I have been thinking about the theme of this composition, and I didn't find inspiration until just now. 解析：“一直在思考”用“have been thinking about”，“直到刚才才找到”用“didn't find...until just now”，“until”引导时间状语，体现“思考”的持续和“找到灵感”的时间节点，逻辑连贯。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. The Last Leaf In November, Johnsy was struck down by pneumonia. She lay in bed, thinking that when the last leaf on the ivy vine fell, she 1__________ (die) too. Old Behrman, a painter who lived on the ground floor, regarded himself as a special protector of Johnsy and Sue. He had always been about to paint a masterpiece but had never yet begun it. One night, after a heavy rain and strong wind, Johnsy looked out of the window and was surprised 2__________ (see) that there still stood one firm ivy leaf against the brick wall. It was the last one on the vine. She stared at it for a long time and then realized that she 3__________ (be) a bad girl. Something had made that last leaf stay there to show her how wrong she was to want to die. In fact, it was Behrman who 4__________ (paint) the leaf on the wall that night. He went out in the cold and wet weather, 5__________ (catch) pneumonia. And he 6 __________(die) a few days later. Sue told Johnsy that the last leaf was Behrman's masterpiece. It was 7__________ he painted it so realistically that Johnsy had believed it was a real leaf. This painting not only saved Johnsy's life but also made Behrman's dream of painting a masterpiece come true. Johnsy learned a valuable lesson from this experience. She realized that one should never give up hope, no matter 8 __________difficult the situation may seem. With hope in her heart, she began to recover 9 __________(gradual). And she decided to work harder at her painting, just like Behrman 10__________ (do). 答案： 1. would die：when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句要用过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作，故填would die。 2. to see：be surprised to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“惊讶地做某事”，所以填to see。 3. had been：“意识到自己之前一直是个坏女孩”，“是坏女孩”这个状态在“意识到”之前就已经存在，是过去的过去，要用过去完成时，故填had been。 4. painted：这是一个强调句，强调的是过去发生的动作，即Behrman那天晚上画叶子的动作，所以用一般过去时painted。 5. catching：He went out in the cold and wet weather与catch pneumonia之间是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故填catching。 6. died：根据上下文可知，这里说的是过去发生的事情，Behrman几天之后去世了，用一般过去时，填died。 7. because：It was...that是强调句，这里强调的是原因，“正是因为他画得如此逼真，以至于Johnsy相信它是一片真叶子”，所以填because。 8. how：no matter how引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么”，“无论情况看起来多么困难”，故填how。 9. gradually：修饰动词recover要用副词，gradual的副词形式是gradually，意为“逐渐地”，所以填gradually。 10. had done：“她决定像Behrman那样更努力地画画”，Behrman画画的动作发生在她决定之前，是过去的过去，要用过去完成时，故填had done。 2. From Robben Island: the dark years Nelson Mandela spent 18 years on Robben Island, a place that became a symbol of the struggle against apartheid. During those dark years, he and other prisoners 1____________ (treat) cruelly. They were forced to do hard labor and 2____________ (allow) only one letter every six months. However, Mandela never lost hope. He used the time 3____________ (teach) his fellow prisoners and plan for the future. The small cell he lived in, 4 was only 4 ____________square meters, became a place of learning and courage. One of his greatest strengths was his ability 5____________ (forgive) even those who had harmed him. After his release, he once said, "Resentment is like drinking poison and 6____________ (hope) the other person dies." Mandela’s experience on Robben Island taught the world that no matter how difficult the situation 7____________ (be), the human spirit can never be broken. Today, Robben Island is a museum, 8 ____________(remind) people of the price of freedom. Every year, thousands of visitors come here 9 ____________(learn) about Mandela’s story and 10____________ (draw) inspiration from his courage. 答案： 1. were treated 解析：主语“he and other prisoners”与“treat”是被动关系，且描述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + done），主语为复数，故填were treated。 2. were allowed 解析：主语“They”与“allow”是被动关系，与前文“were forced”并列，时态一致，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were allowed。 3. to teach 解析：固定搭配“use sth to do sth”，表示“用某物做某事”，故填不定式to teach。 4. which 解析：引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“the small cell”，指物，从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。 5. to forgive 解析：名词“ability”后接不定式作后置定语，“the ability to do sth”表示“做某事的能力”，故填to forgive。 6. hoping 解析：与前文“drinking”并列，作介词“like”的宾语，用动名词形式，故填hoping。 7. is 解析：“no matter how”引导的让步状语从句中，描述客观真理（人的精神不可被摧毁），用一般现在时，主语“the situation”是单数，故填is。 8. reminding 解析：逻辑主语“Robben Island”与“remind”是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填reminding。 9. to learn 解析：用不定式作目的状语，表示“来这里的目的是学习”，故填to learn。 10. to draw 解析：与前文“to learn”并列，共用同一个不定式符号to，表目的“汲取灵感”，故填to draw。 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A (2025年青浦一模) Washing Fruit Before Eating doesn’t Remove Pesticides (杀虫剂) Do you wash fruit before putting it into your mouth? If your answer is yes, the following news may well be (1) ______ (disappoint) to you. Using specific imaging technology to see (2) ______ pesticides affected apples, scientists found distribution of pesticides in the apple skin and flesh layers, confirming that the pesticides pass through the skin layer into the flesh layer, according to a report published recently in America. “Thus, the risk of pesticide intake from fruits cannot be avoided by simple washing other than peeling, which means taking the skin off fruits.” The study’s authors said they were not looking to scare (3) ______ about the presence of pesticides in their food, but they want to provide guidance on how to avoid them. This study, (4) ______ (situate) within the expansive research area of food safety, attempts to provide consumers with health guidance,” said Dongdong Ye, professor at Anhui Agricultural University and study author. (5) ______ ______ bringing up unnecessary anxiety, the research assumes that peeling can effectively wipe out nearly all pesticide left. This contrasts with the practice of washing, which (6) ______ (recommend) frequently. As the report says, “traditional fruit-cleaning operations cannot wholly remove pesticides,” but “considering that the flesh layer lost during peeling was a great deal (7) ______ (large) than 0.03mm, we believe that the peeling operation can effectively avoid the dangers of pesticides in the fruit’s skin (8) ______ ______ the probability of taking in pesticides can be reduced.” According to the most recent report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, “before allowing a pesticide (9) ______ (use) on a food product, the Environmental Protection Agency sets limits on how much of the pesticide may be used on food during growing, processing, and storage, and how much can remain on the food (10) ______ reaches the consumer.” 答案： 1. disappointing 2. how 3. anyone/anybody/one 4. situated 5. Rather than/ Instead of 6. is recommended 7. larger 8. so that 9. to be used 10. that/which 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项关于水果清洗能否去除农药的研究，指出简单清洗无法去除水果中的农药，去皮操作才能有效避免农药危害，同时介绍了美国农业部相关的农药使用规定情况。 【1 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果你的答案是肯定的，那么下面的消息可能会让你失望。此处修饰物 “news”，应用形容词 “disappointing”，表示 “令人失望的”，故填 “disappointing”。 【2 题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：科学家们利用特定的成像技术观察杀虫剂是如何影响苹果的，发现了杀虫剂在苹果皮和果肉层中的分布情况，证实了杀虫剂穿过皮层进入果肉层。此处引导宾语从句，作 “see” 的宾语，且在从句中作方式状语，表示 “如何”，应用 “how” 引导，故填 “how”。 【3 题详解】 考查代词。句意：这项研究的作者们表示，他们并不想吓唬人们，让人们担心食物中存在农药，但他们希望就如何避免农药提供指导。此处指代 “人们”，在句中作宾语，可用 “anyone/anybody/one”，故填 “anyone/anybody/one”。 【4 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这项研究位于广阔的食品安全研究领域内，试图为消费者提供健康指导。“be situated in/within...” 表示 “位于…… 内”，此处用过去分词 “situated” 作后置定语，修饰 “study”，故填 “situated”。 【5 题详解】 考查短语。句意：这项研究并没有引起不必要的焦虑，而是假设去皮可以有效去除几乎所有残留的农药。根据语境可知，此处表示 “而不是，并非”，可用 “Rather than/ Instead of”，故填 “Rather than/ Instead of”。 【6 题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这与经常被推荐的清洗做法形成了对比。此处 “which” 指代 “the practice of washing”，与 “recommend” 之间是被动关系，且描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为 “be + 过去分词”，主语是单数，be 动词用 “is”，故填 “is recommended”。 【7 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：考虑到去皮过程中损失的果肉层比 0.03 毫米大得多，我们认为去皮操作可以有效避免水果皮中农药的危害，这样摄入农药的概率就可以降低。根据 “than” 可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填 “larger”。 【8 题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：考虑到去皮过程中损失的果肉层比 0.03 毫米大得多，我们认为去皮操作可以有效避免水果皮中农药的危害，这样摄入农药的概率就可以降低。根据语境可知，此处引导目的状语从句，表示 “以便，为了”，应用 “so that”，故填 “so that”。 【9 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在允许一种农药用于食品之前，美国环境保护署会对农药在食品生长、加工和储存过程中的使用量以及到达消费者手中时食品上可以残留的量设定限制。“allow sb./sth. to do sth.” 为固定用法，此处 “pesticide” 与 “use” 之间是被动关系，应用不定式的被动语态 “to be used”，故填 “to be used”。 【10 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在允许一种农药用于食品之前，美国环境保护署会对农药在食品生长、加工和储存过程中的使用量以及到达消费者手中时食品上可以残留的量设定限制。此处引导定语从句，先行词是 “the food”，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 “that/which” 引导，故填 “that/which”。 B (2025年崇明一模) Report: Harmful Waste Creation Set to Increase The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said in a report that public waste creation will greatly increase by 2050. The rise will cause hundreds of billions of dollars of damage through biodiversity loss, climate change, and deadly pollution, UNEP reports. UNEP’s Global Waste Management Outlook 2024 says worldwide waste creation would greatly increase (1) _____ governments take urgent preventative measures. Damage (2) _____ (cause) by the growing waste would account for about $443 billion of the total cost. The report, called Beyond an Age of Waste: Turning Rubbish into a Resource, (3) _____ (release) during the U.N. Environment Assembly in Kenya early this week. The writers argue that humanity (4) _____ (move) backwards over the past ten years. They say humans are creating more waste, more pollution, and more climate changing gases. Waste prevention measures and improved waste treatment could reduce those costs, the report said. But it notes, there are major barriers (5) _____ such reforms. Negotiators are working toward an agreement (6) _____ (deal) with the especially damaging and dangerous pollution from plastics. They are beginning a fourth round of talks in April. UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen said she is hopeful they will complete the agreement by the end of this year. Environmentalists and fossil fuel (化石燃料) producers continue to disagree about the terms of the agreement. They especially dispute (7) _____ the deal should center on reducing plastics production or increasing recycling and reuse. “There is an interest, especially among the countries (8) _____ are producing raw polymer (聚合物), but as I keep telling them, this is not an anti-plastic agreement,” Andersen told the reporters, (9) _____ (note) there would still be a need for plastics in vehicles and medical equipment. Andersen said (10) _____ she hopes is that no groups would work to block progress on the agreement, but instead “find a way forward that actually takes into account the fact that we are drowning in plastic.” 答案： 1. unless 2. caused 3. was released 4. has moved/has been moving 5. to 6. to deal 7. whether 8. that/which 9. noting 10. what 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇关于联合国环境规划署（UNEP）发布的《2024 年全球废物管理展望》报告的报道，指出若不采取紧急预防措施，全球废弃物产生量将大幅增加，会造成诸多危害，同时介绍了各方围绕应对塑料污染相关协议的协商情况及争议点等内容。 【1 题详解】 考查连词。句意：联合国环境规划署的《2024 年全球废物管理展望》称，除非各国政府采取紧急预防措施，否则全球废弃物产生量将大幅增加。根据语境可知，此处表示 “除非”，引导条件状语从句，应用 “unless”，故填 “unless”。 【2 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：不断增加的废弃物造成的损害将占到总成本的约 4430 亿美元。此处 “Damage” 与 “cause” 之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰 “Damage”，故填 “caused”。 【3 题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这份名为《超越废弃物时代：将垃圾转化为资源》的报告于本周早些时候在肯尼亚举行的联合国环境大会期间发布。此处描述过去发生的动作，且 “report” 与 “release” 之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为 “was/were + 过去分词”，主语是单数，be 动词用 “was”，故填 “was released”。 【4 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：作者们认为，在过去十年里，人类一直在倒退。根据时间状语 “over the past ten years” 可知，此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，强调动作从过去持续到现在，现在完成时结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”，现在完成进行时结构为 “have/has + been + 现在分词”，主语 “humanity” 是不可数名词，助动词用 “has”，故填 “has moved/has been moving”。 【5 题详解】 考查介词。句意：但报告指出，此类改革存在重大障碍。“barrier to...” 为固定搭配，意为 “…… 的障碍”，故填 “to”。 【6 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：谈判代表们正在努力达成一项协议，以应对塑料造成的极具破坏性和危险性的污染。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示 “为了应对……”，故填 “to deal”。 【7 题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他们尤其争论该协议的重点应该是减少塑料生产还是增加回收和再利用。此处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，但表示 “是否” 的含义，应用 “whether” 引导，故填 “whether”。 【8 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：“那些生产原始聚合物的国家对此很感兴趣，但正如我一直告诉他们的那样，这不是一项反塑料协议，” 安徒生告诉记者，同时指出在汽车和医疗设备中仍需要塑料。此处引导定语从句，先行词是 “the countries”，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 “that/which” 引导，故填 “that/which”。 【9 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“那些生产原始聚合物的国家对此很感兴趣，但正如我一直告诉他们的那样，这不是一项反塑料协议，” 安徒生告诉记者，同时指出在汽车和医疗设备中仍需要塑料。此处 “noting” 为现在分词作伴随状语，与主语 “Andersen” 之间是主动关系，故填 “noting”。 【10 题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：安徒生说，她希望的是，没有任何团体阻碍该协议的进展，而是 “找到一种前进的道路，切实考虑到我们正被塑料淹没这一事实”。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物，应用 “what” 引导，故填 “what”。 C (2025年宝山一模) In the heart of the city where towering buildings go up into the sky, firefighters spring into action. Within 60 seconds of hearing a bell ring, they (1) _____ (dress) and rushing toward the chaos of a high-rise on fire. They have to head inside, knowing that floors could collapse under them and ceilings could fall on their heads. One wrong decision (2) _____ mean death. Who would sign up for a job like that? Ask firefighter Sam Telfer. He used to sit in a high-rise office of a software company in San Diego, California. Now he is trained (3) _____ (break) into rooms full of blinding smoke and terrible heat and come up with a rescue strategy. "I wanted to be on my feet (4) _____ (much), working with my hands, learning new and practical skills and having a job that varied day by day. "That's quite an understatement to describe a career (5) _____ requires you to keep a cool head while attacking a fire. But Telfer says that flames and nerves can be conquered in the same way: continuous physical and mental training. Telfer was a runner in college, but nowadays he builds up his lung capacity for life-threatening conditions instead of races. He might climb hundreds of steps, wearing 34 kilograms of gear (装备), including oxygen tanks. He may carry unconscious victims to safety. No matter what he does, he must control his breathing. Panic will only waste his (6) _____ (limit) air supply. His survival (7) _____ (depend) on more than physical fitness. Firefighters must have extensive mental preparation. Between disasters, they study a wide range of subjects such as emergency medicine, structural design and chemical reactions. They practice quickly (8) _____ (assess) the changing conditions of a fire. "It is (9) _____ we love the job," Telfer says. "We are constantly learning." Going from being a software specialist to a first responder was quite a shift for Telfer. Never could he have imagined the challenges he would face. But he says,"Not once have I ever felt that it was not the right job for me."Danger might be waiting (10) _____ he heads to work each day. But his body and mind are trained to stay calm, even in the roar (咆哮) of a big fire. 答案： 1. are dressed 2. might 3. to break 4. more 5. that 6. limited 7. will depend 8. assessing 9. why 10. as 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了消防员山姆・特尔弗（Sam Telfer）从软件公司职员转变为消防员的经历，介绍了消防员这份工作面临的危险以及所需具备的体能和心理等方面的素养，体现了他对这份工作的热爱与坚守。 【1 题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：在听到铃声响起的 60 秒内，他们就穿好衣服，冲向着火的高层建筑的混乱现场。此处 “they” 和 “dress” 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且根据 “rushing” 可知，此处应用现在进行时，其结构为 “be + 现在分词”，主语是复数，be 动词用 “are”，故填 “are dressed”。 【2 题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：一个错误的决定可能意味着死亡。此处表示一种可能性，意为 “可能”，应用情态动词 “might”，故填 “might”。 【3 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，他接受过训练，能够闯入充满浓烟和酷热的房间，并制定救援策略。“be trained to do sth.” 为固定用法，意为 “接受训练做某事”，故填 “to break”。 【4 题详解】 考查副词比较级。句意：我想更多地走动，用我的双手工作，学习新的实用技能，并且有一份每天都不一样的工作。根据语境可知，此处表示和之前相比 “更多地”，应用副词比较级 “more”，修饰动词 “be on my feet”，故填 “more”。 【5 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：用这句话来描述一份要求你在灭火时保持冷静头脑的职业，实在是轻描淡写了。此处引导定语从句，先行词是 “a career”，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 “that” 引导，故填 “that”。 【6 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：恐慌只会浪费他有限的空气供应。此处修饰名词 “air supply”，应用形容词，“limit” 的形容词形式是 “limited”，表示 “有限的”，故填 “limited”。 【7 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他的生存将取决于不仅仅是身体健康。此处表示将来的情况，应用一般将来时，其结构为 “will + 动词原形”，故填 “will depend”。 【8 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们练习快速评估火灾不断变化的情况。“practice doing sth.” 为固定用法，意为 “练习做某事”，故填 “assessing”。 【9 题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：“这就是我们热爱这份工作的原因，” 特尔弗说，“我们在不断学习。” 此处引导表语从句，在从句中作原因状语，表示 “…… 的原因”，应用 “why” 引导，故填 “why”。 【10 题详解】 考查连词。句意：每天当他去上班时，危险可能都在等着他。此处引导时间状语从句，表示 “当…… 时”，应用 “as”，故填 “as”。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $