高中英语基础语法汇编 chapter 16 感叹句讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考感叹句核心考点，涵盖what与how引导的基本结构、特殊形式及易错点，按定义-结构-用法-注意问题的逻辑层次展开，通过考点梳理（如what/how结构分类）、方法指导（关键特征辨析技巧）、真题语境应用等环节，帮助学生构建系统知识框架。 讲义采用对比分析与语境教学法，如在what/how辨析时，引导学生通过“中心词是否为名词”“形容词后有无名词”等特征对比例句，培养语言能力与思维品质。设置基础结构仿写、真题填空、特殊形式辨析分层练习，配合规律总结与即时纠错，高效突破难点，提升学生语境中准确运用感叹句的应考能力，为教师提供清晰复习脉络，助力把控教学节奏。

高中英语基础语法汇编 chapter 16 感叹句 第一节 感叹句的定义与结构 一、感叹句的定义 感叹句(Exclamations), 是指用以表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句有多种表现形式, 但主要的表现形式只有两种, 即由what与how引导的感叹句。另外, 还有许多特殊形式的感叹句。例如, 在特定的语境中表达强烈情感的陈述句、疑问句、祈使句可作为感叹句；有时, 一个不定式或者从句, 甚至是一个短语或者单词也可作为感叹句。 感叹句的构成结构为“感叹部分+陈述部分(主语+谓语)”。其中, 感叹部分由感叹词来引导(感叹词包括how与what。其中, how作状语, 修饰形容词、副词或整个句子；what作定语, 修饰名词, 名词前可以有形容词或冠词)；陈述部分则包括主语与谓语。例如： Oh, first love, how unblemished and unforgettable it is! (How句型) Oh, what unblemished and unforgettable first love it is! (What句型) 噢! 多么圣洁的值得回忆的初恋啊! (《初恋》谢冰莹) How flexible and user-friendly a system it is for beginners and advanced users alike! (How句型) What a flexible and user-friendly system it is for beginners and advanced users alike! (What句型) 对于初学者和高级用户来说, 这是一个多么灵活且用户友好的系统! 二、感叹句的结构 1.由感叹词what引导的感叹句 由What引导的感叹句的结构如下： What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语! 2.由感叹词how引导的感叹句 由how引导的感叹句的结构如下： How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 3.感叹句的学习难点 (1)如何确定使用what 还是how? 通常, 如果感叹句强调的是可数名词单数、可数名词复数或不可数名词, 则由what引导；如果强调的是形容词、副词或整个句子, 则由how引导。但“How+adj.+a/an+n”结构例外。 (2)如何判断是否使用冠词以及使用什么样的冠词? 通常, 名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不用冠词；以元音开头的词语之前用an, 以辅音开头的词语之前用a。 第二节 感叹句的用法及注意问题 一、What引导的感叹句 What引导的感叹句包括以下三种。 (1)“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! ”结构。例如： What an important historical turning point that day is since these two countries finally established the formal diplomatic relationship between them! 两个国家最终在那天建立了正式的外交关系, 这是多么重要的一个历史转折点啊! What an extraordinarily harmonious balance The Forbidden City displays between buildings and open space within a more or less symmetrical layout! 故宫蕴含着对称设计, 建筑与空间之间的平衡是多么和谐啊! What a pity it is that he was severely injured in the car crash and lost his ability to work! 他在这场车祸中遭受重伤, 失去了工作能力, 多可怜啊! (2)“What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语! ”结构。例如： What long-drawn cadences they are with crowds of people gathering to appreciate them and applauding! 这是何等悠扬绵长的节奏, 成群的人们聚拢欣赏并为之喝彩! What terrible earthquakes they were that countless people lost their homes and even some rescue team members sacrificed their lives! 多么可怕的地震啊! 无数的人失去了家园, 甚至一些救援队员也献出了生命。 What gorgeous decorations these Christmas trees have, among which people can sense more festival atmosphere! 从这些圣诞树极其豪华的装饰中, 人们能够感受到更多节日的氛围。 (3)“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! ”结构。例如： What great progress in his studies he has made from the last place to the top one in the whole grade! 从学习成绩最后一名提升到年级第一名, 他取得了多么大的进步呀! What bad cough he has although he has already taken medicine for at least three days! 他尽管已经服药至少三天了, 还是咳得好厉害! What fantastic fun it will be when we all go on holiday together. 我们大家一起去度假, 那可太有意思了。 二、How引导的感叹句 How引导的感叹句包括以下四种结构。 (1)“How+形容词+主语+谓语! ”结构。例如： How well-known Jiangsu cuisine is for its careful selection of ingredients, its meticulous preparation methodology and its not-too-spicy, not-too-bland taste. 江苏菜系有其精选的原料、精细的准备和不辣不温的口感, 多么闻名啊! How excited he became when he heard the news that the first prize in the chess contest belonged to him! 当他听到自己在围棋竞赛获得一等奖这个消息时, 他是多么激动啊! How wearisome the players are! 这又是何等令人恹恹欲绝的戏啊! (2)“How+副词+主语+谓语! ”结构。例如： How passionately he looks at her since beauty is in the eyes of beholder! 因为情人眼里出西施, 他多么深情地望着她! How gracefully the moves displayed the body in the most elegant and beautiful manner possible! 这些动作以其优雅绝妙的姿态展现出体态之美, 多么优美! How well she remembered the first time she had seen him, which illustrated she cared him so much. 她把初见他的那幕情景记得好清楚呀, 这说明她还是很在意他的。 (3)“How+主语+谓语! ”结构。例如： How her mother worried because this was the first time she stayed away from home! 因为这是她第一次离开家, 她母亲是多么担心啊! How he wished for a drink when the area was cut off water and electricity by the demolition team! 这片区域被拆迁队断水断电了, 他多希望能有点东西喝! How news get around! Everyone must know you are in town. 消息传得多快! 人们一定都知道你到城里来了。 (4)“How+形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数! ”结构。例如： Miss Langham arm in arm with Mr.Peabody——how astonishing a sight! 兰哈姆小姐挽着皮博迪先生的胳膊, 看上去真叫人吃惊! How passionate a man he is for whom being able to give the poor necessary aid is his upmost happiness. 对于他来说, 能够给予穷人必要的帮助是他最大的幸福, 他是多么有同情心的一个人啊! 三、感叹句的注意问题 (1)当遇到表示数量的形容词, 如many, much, little, few等时, 感叹句要用how。即使这些形容词后面跟有名词, 仍要用how, 而不能用what。例如： How many books he has for he is the one who likes to crazily seek knowledge and spend large amounts of money buying them! 他是一个喜欢疯狂追求知识并为之一掷千金购书的人, 他的书真多! How much money he gave her otherwise she threatened to expose his scandal! 他给了她好多钱呀, 不然她就威胁曝光他的丑事。 How little money I have for the reason that Mom did not send me a remittance for months! 妈妈好几个月没给我汇款了, 我的钱多么少呀! How few friends he has as he is seen as an introverted guy not fond of interacting with people! 被认为是一个不喜欢与人接触且性格内向的人, 他的朋友真少! (2)口语中, 感叹句中的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。例如： What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀! How wonderful! 精彩极了! (3)What引导感叹句时在下列情形中不能后跟形容词。 ①当感叹句中的名词带有形容词的意味时。例如： What luck! 真幸运! ②当表示批评时。例如： What nonsense! 一派胡言! ③ 当表示强调或夸张时。例如： What a mistake is to have come here! 来到这里真是个错误! ④ 当表示蔑视时。例如： What a man he is! 那家伙算什么! 四、特殊形式的感叹句 (1)只有一个单词的感叹句。例如： Nonsmoking! (不要吸烟了! )Fire! (失火了! )Excellent! (太棒了! )Nonsense! (胡说! )Alas! (哎呀! )Oh! (啊! /哦! /哎哟! )Well! (好啦! )Why! [什么(话)! /嗯! /岂有此理! /好好! ] (2)由短语构成的感叹句。例如： At last! At last! 终于盼到了! Five seconds! Such a fleeting time! 5秒钟! 多么转瞬即逝的时间呀! The sunshine and the fresh air! 多么明媚的晨光, 多么新鲜的空气! (3)不定式短语引起的感叹句。不定式短语单独使用时, 常用于表示惊异、气愤、祝愿等情绪。例如： To trust such a liar without credit! 竟然相信这样一个毫无信誉的骗子! To think that I shall get the signature of my superstar! 真没想到我能得到我喜欢的明星的签名! To think of my leaving the purse in the taxi! 真没想到我把钱包落到出租车上了! To think a scandal of this sort should be going on under my roof! 真想不到这种丑事竟然出在我们家里! (4)So与such引起的感叹句, 其结构为“so+形容词/such+名词”。例如： Weddings are so important in China! Couples are willing to fork out about many times their monthly income on getting hitched and everything that comes with it. 结婚在中国是件大事! 新人们不惜花费约相当于收入数倍的“重金”来置办婚礼。 The lion in the zoo is such a fierce beast that it opened its mouth, stretched its paws and roared to people. 动物园里的狮子是多么凶猛的野兽, 它张牙舞爪地对人们咆哮着。 (5)That引起的感叹句。That引起的感叹句, 多用于表示愿望、遗憾。例如： That it should ever come to this! 事情竟会弄到这种地步! That she won the race! 她赢得这次比赛该多好! (6)If或if only引起的感叹句。例如： If I were ten years younger! 我要是能年轻十岁就好了! If only I had not chosen this way to go! 如果当初我不选择走这条路! (7)Who引起的感叹句。以who为首引起的感叹句多用于表示惊奇。例如： Who would have thought it! 谁能想得到啊! Who else could have done it! 还有谁会做这件事! (8)疑问句形式的感叹句。疑问句形式的感叹句包括肯定和否定两种形式。例如： Am I silly! 我真傻! Can he run! 他真会跑! Was she angry! 她气极了! Did he look annoyed! 他看来很烦恼! Hasn't she grown! 她长这么大了! Isn't it a lovely day! 天气真好! (9)以off, in, away, here, there为首引起的感叹句。例如： Up to the cliff climbed a man! 那个人爬到悬崖上去了! Here it begins! 来吧, 开始啦! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $